兰州大学211翻译硕士英语历年考研试题

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2020年兰州大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题备考讲解及初试参考书

2020年兰州大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题及参考书【参考资料】1.《汉语写作与百科知识》，首都师范大学出版社，2019 年版2.《翻译硕士MTI 词汇》，首都师范大学出版社，2020 年版一、参考书、复试线、招生人数兰州大学1:4 1.《英译中国现代散文选》，张培基（三册中至少一册），上海外语教育出版社，20072.《高级翻译理论与实践》，叶子南，圣才电子书出版，20193.《中国文化读本》，叶朗、朱良志，外语教学与研究，20164.《汉语写作与百科知识》，李国正，首都师范大学出版社，2019口笔译25人。

复试笔试科目：翻译实务(含笔译、口译)。

备注：1.在公开发表的学术刊物上发表过学术论文。

2.同等学力考生加试科目：英语词汇学、英语文学基础。

育明教育咨询师认为，兰州大学翻译硕士属于中等难度，百科比较偏重现当代文学部分，大家针对性复习。

二、翻译硕士MTI院校信息据说“一校一风格”，是这样么？我不懂所谓的“风格”怎么办？我们经常听到“一校一风格”的议论，大意是说学校不同，命题风格和判卷标准也不同。

前人说“一千个读者就有一千个哈姆雷特”，但今天能不能说“一百个院校就有一百种风格”呢？不能。

从翻译硕士招考院校的试卷看，基本上延续了文学翻译与非文学翻译的二分法。

专业院校注重各自领域，如经贸、外交、法律、理工等，综合类院校往往文学非文学并举，考察以《政府工作报告》为代表的非文学体裁和以张培基《英译散文108篇》为代表的文学体裁，这两种体裁相互交织，构成了目前翻硕招考中翻译命题风格的基本面。

育明教育独家专做考研考博专业课辅导翻译风格是一个常讲常新的问题，但讲得越多不一定讲得越好、越清楚。

一个译者选用何种文体，如文言、现代汉语、诗词等翻译是风格问题，选择何种词汇、结构，如大词难句、小词简单句等翻译也是风格问题，甚至这位译者喜欢用什么词，偏好什么结构也是风格问题。

因此，“风格”是一个较难定义的概念，通常是从文体、词汇（含词频）、结构等角度加以阐释。

兰州大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2011年兰州大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解I.Vocabulary and grammar(30’)Multiple choiceDirections:Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.Mark your answers on your answer sheet.1.The Chief Cabinet Secretary ordered all cabinet members yesterday to search campaign fund records for any contributions from an industry,________for tax evasion and links with organized crime.A.accountableB.notoriousC.inexorableD.pregnant【答案】B【解析】句意：昨日内阁官房长官下令所有内阁成员搜索贡献自任何一个行业的活动基金记录，他们因逃税和与组织犯罪有联系而臭名昭著。

notorious声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的。

accountable，有责任的。

inexorable无情的；不屈不挠的。

pregnant怀孕的。

2.She has been gesturing with one hand,to_______what she said.A.rotateB.facilitateC.emphasizeD.substitute【答案】C【解析】句意：她一直用一只手打手势来强调她说的话。

emphasize强调，着重。

rotate 使旋转。

facilitate促进；帮助。

substitute代替。

郑州大学翻译硕士英语11-14.20年真题

2011年攻读硕士学位研究生入学试题学科、专业：英语笔译考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语（A）考试科目代码：211答案一律写在考点统一发的答题纸上，否则无效I.Vocabulary and Grammar(30%)Below each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes each sentence.1.Physics is the present-day equivalent of______used to be called natural philosophy,from ____most of present-day science developed.A.which,whatB.which,whichC.what,whichD.what,that2.The reason why he was accused and put into prison,as it______,was that he was involved in a lot of illegal activities during the war.A.was turned outB.being turned outC.was being turned outD.turned out3.______,it is generally accepted as a favorite color for the wedding gown.A.Unpopular has as white beenB.White has been an unpopular colorC.Unpopular has been as whiteD.Unpopular ans white has been4.Despite the threat of war,most people______their work and life as usual.A.go forB.go afterC.go aboutD.go at5.The jewelry shop was reported in the local newspaper______in broad daylight last night.A.to have been robbedB.having robbedC.having been robbedD.to be robbed6.She has to find a new apartment to live in,for she cannot______the loud music coming from the room upstairs every night.e up withB.catch up withC.put up withD.keep up with7.You cannot eat those apples______they are not ripe yet.A.provided thatB.lestC.as long asD.only if8.Being in no great hurry,______.A.did we take the long but scenic route.B.we took the long but scenic route.C.the long bur scenic route was our preference.D.our preference was taking the long but scenic route.9.The speaker was clever enough to wander from his topic to______on a point that had obviously caught his audience’s attention.A.emphasizeB.interruptC.elaborateD.introduce10.When you take the medicine,be careful not to______the recommended highest amount printed on the bottle.A.excelB.exceedC.surpassD.overtake11.Shortly after the earthquake,the local government began to______food,clothing,and other daily necessities among those people who had lost their homes.A.distributeB.contributeC.attributeD.tribute12.Fresh out of college,the young man is ready to take______heavy responsibilities to improve himself in the shortest time possible.A.outB.onC.inD.after13.We advise you to take a larger size for this cotton T-shirt as it is likely to______when it is washed.A.shrinkB.decreaseC.declineD.withdraw14.The seating______for the new auditorium is5000.A.abilityB.capabilityC.capacityD.quantity15.Danny left this______message on my answering machine：“I must see you.Meet me at seven o’clock.”Did he mean early in the morning or in the evening?I am puzzled.A.contradictoryB.ambiguousC.explicitD.considerate16.The singers in this band are planning to go on a national tour to______their new album.A.proposeB.enhanceC.promoteD.expand17.Ever since the death of his wife,the lonely old man considered the loyal dog his closest______.panionB.accompanypanyD.peer18.Human behaviors are a product of learning,______the behavior of animals depend mainly on this instinct.A.otherwiseB.neverthelessC.whereasD.unless19.In China it is quite common for the hostess to______her way to entertain the visiting relatives and guests.A.go out ofB.go in forC.go withD.go back on20.The annual fee for this medical club is______,covering all the medical examinations, consultation and other services.A.IndicativeB.indefiniteC.intensiveD.inclusive21.It is no good______about the current situation.Why not try to work out a solution to these problems?。

翻译硕士英语2014(211)【试题+答案】

2014年江西师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解I. Vocabulary: (1×1, 10 points)Direction: For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.1. —Why, this is nothing but common vegetable soup!— _____, madam. This is our soup of the day.A. Let me seeB. So it isC. Don’t mention itD. Neither do I【答案】B【解析】根据“哎呀，这只是普通的蔬菜汤！”这句话来判断，顾客是在抱怨，而答语是服务员对顾客的话做了“确认”回答，“确实如此，这就是我们今天的汤”。

2. The couple _____ their old house and sold it for a vast profit.A. did forB. did inC. did withD. did up【答案】D【解析】句意：这对夫妇修理了旧房子，然后卖了高价。

do up刷新；修缮。

do for适合。

do in 欺骗；搞垮。

3. —Mother, you promised to take me out.—Well. _____A. So I did!B. So did I.C. So I do!D. So do I.【答案】A【解析】第一个人抱怨妈妈说话不算数，第二句话用了一个语气词well表明她承认自己曾经许诺过这事。

“so+主语+助动词”表示说话人认同对方的看法。

4. Rumors are everywhere, spreading fear, damaging reputations, and turning calm situations into _____ ones.A. turbulentB. tragicC. vulnerableD. suspicious【答案】A【解析】句意：谣言无处不在，散布恐惧，损毁名誉，把平静的局势弄得十分动荡。

2023年暨南大学211 翻译硕士英语考研真题试卷

2023年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（A卷）********************************************************************************************招生专业与代码：英语笔译055101考试科目名称及代码：翻译硕士英语211考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose ONE answer thatbest completes the sentence. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. In parts of the Arctic, the land grades into the land-fast ice so _____ that you can walk off the coast and not know you are over the hidden sea.A. permanentlyB. imperceptiblyC. precariouslyD. relentlessly2. It would have been disingenuous of the candidate to appear _____ when her opponent won the election, but she congratulated the victor nonetheless.A. ecstaticB. crestfallenC. indifferentD. disgruntled3. In the midst of so many evasive comments, this forthright statement, whatever its intrinsic merit, plainly stands out as _____.A. a paradigmB. a misnomerC. a profundityD. an anomaly4. Ever a demanding reader of the fiction of others, the novelist Chase was likewise often the object of _____ analyses by his contemporaries.A. exactingB. copiousC. respectfulD. acerbic5. _____ this afternoon, the walls would be completely dry by tomorrow evening.A. By painting themB. If they would have been paintedC. Were they to be paintedD. After painting them6. The doctor _____ me that discomfort would disappear in a couple of days if I followed his advice.A. ensuredB. assuredC. insuredD. secured7. In Inuit culture, elaborate carving has often been used to enhance _____ objects such as harpoon heads and other tools.A. utilitarianB. functionalC. manufacturedD. ornamental考试科目：翻译硕士英语共11 页，第11 页。

各校翻硕真题(精)

考试科目： 351英语翻译基础适用专业：英语口译（MTI）、英语笔译（MTI）（试题共 3 页）（注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上不给分） I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one pint for each. (30’ 1. OECD 2. NASA 3. IAEA 4. ASEM 5. UNICEF 6. ASEAN 7. APEC 8. IPR 9. CEPA 10. Special Safeguard Mechanism 11. Sub-prime Mortgage Crisis 12. Free Trade Agreement 13. bonded warehouse 14. Encyclopedia Britannica 15. binary opposition 16. 《论语》 17. 《红楼梦》 18. 扫黄打非 19. 西部大开发 20. 高度自治 21. 发烧门诊 22. 转基因食品 23. 小排量汽车 24. 温室气体排放 25. 创业板 26. 中国特色的社会主义市场经济 27. 选秀 28. 外交庇护 29. 稳健的货币政策 30. 摸着石头过河 II. Directions: Translate the following source texts into their target languages respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120’ Source Text 1: For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Persons then were assumed to be what we now have to call--lamely, enviously-- whole persons. If it did occur to the Greeks to distinguish between a person's "inside" and "outside," they still expected that inner beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kind. The well-born young Athenians who gathered around Socrates found it quite paradoxical that their hero was so intelligent, so brave, so honorable, so seductive-- and so ugly. One of Socrates' main pedagogical acts was to be ugly-- and to teach those innocent, no doubt splendid-looking disciples of his how full of paradoxes life really was. They may have resisted Socrates' lesson. We do not. Several thousand years later, we are more wary of the enchantments of beauty. We not only split off--with the greatest facility--the 'inside" (character, intellect from the "outside" (looks; but we are actually surprised when someone who is beautiful is also intelligent, talented, good. Source Text 2: Frankly speaking, Adam, I created Eve to tame you. Indeed she is wiser than you because she knows less but understands more. Charm is her strength just as your strength is charm. Doubtless you are active, eager, passionate, variable, progressive and original but she ispassive, stable, sympathetic and faithful. In other words you are like animals which use up energy, whereas she is like the plants which store up energy. Henceforth you have got to get along with her willy-nilly in sun and rain, joys and sorrows, peace and turbulence. For you the Rubicon has been crossed. It is up to you now to make the situation a blessing or a curse. I would refuse to entertain any more request from you to take her back. Source Text 3: 新疆维吾尔自治区地处中国西北边陲，亚欧大陆腹地，面积166.49万平方公里，占中国国土面积六分之一，陆地边境线5600公里，周边与8个国家接壤，是古丝绸之路的重要通道。

211翻译硕士英语试题11

河南科技大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目代码：211 考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语（如无特殊注明，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，否则以“0”分计算）Part ⅠGrammar and Vocabulary (30%)A. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence (20%).1. ____ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.2. ____ for a long time, theC. There having been no rainD. There being no rain3. The millions of calculations involved, ____ by hand, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.A. had they been doneB. they had been doneC. having been doneD. they were done4. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact momentgC. which they happenD. when they have happenedA. to leaveB. leavingC. to have leftD. leave6. As the train will not leave until one hour later,8. Betty advised mA. Concerning C. In terms of D10. A well written composition ____ good choice of words and clear organization among other11. It is ____ with the customer not to let the shop assistants guess what she really likes and wants until13. George was introduced to ____ activities at a young age, when she was hire to act as a lookout for drug dealers.14. An institution that properly carries the name university is a more comprehensive and complex institution tA. settlementB. establishmentC. constructionD. structure16. JacA. strengthB. directionC. traditionD. tre18. Outside my office window there is a fire ____20. The electricA. pauseB. breakC. interruptionD. breakdownB. Put a word in each blank that is appropriate for the context (10%).Ah, daydreaming. Is 1 anything more pleasant than sitting back and letting your thoughts drift? Well, yes: 2 letting your thoughts drift, for one. Because according to a study published in the journal Science, people are least happy when their minds wander. [M. Killings and Daniel Gilbert, A Wandering Mind Is an Unhappy Mind]Humans, to a degree unmatched by other 3 , are capable of thinking about things outside the here and now— 4 that happened yesterday, or something they hope will happen tomorrow. It’s that sort of itinerant intellect 5 allows us to plan and to learn. But at what cost?Psychologists at Harvard used an iPhone app to find out. 6 random times throughout the day, the program asked some 2,200 participants what they were doing, what they were thinking about and 7 they felt. It turns out that people spend nearly half their waking hours thinking about something other than what they’re doing. And8 whether and where their thoughts tend to 9 is a better predictor of their feelings than what they’re actually up to. The scientists conclude that a wandering mind is an unhappy mind.10 try to focus on, and live in, the present. You might discover that happiness is just being where it’s happening.Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (40%)A.Read the following passages and answer the questions by choosing A, B, C, or D (20%)1.Bragging about your fancy new cell phone is a fleeting pleasure; after all, today's coolest modelsmeasured in years. So if you really want to be ahead of the tech curve, forget the cell-phone wars and check out the new 5.8-GHz cordless phones.Named after the frequency of the radio wave (measured in billions of cycles per second) that carries the signal between the handset and the base station, 5.8-GHz phones promise more clarity because there are fewer devices that operate on the same frequency and thus fewer to cause interference. If you have a cordless phone that is a couple of years old or even a new one that costs less than $50, chances are it is a 900-MHz model that is highly susceptible to static or buzzing from baby monitors, wireless speaker systems and your neighbors' 900-MHz phones. The newer 2.4-GHz units, introduced as an improvement over the 900-MHz models, do get less static, but wireless home networks and microwave ovens can still trigger a snap-crackle-pop effect. Not so the 5.8 GHz. So far, only a few companies sell the new models, and they don't come cheap. Uniden's TRU5865 costs $149, while the Vtech 5831 is $179. I preferred the Uniden because it was static free both inside my apartment and up to a block away. Its compact design hides the antenna inside the handset, and the glowing orange keys and display look sharp. The Vtech got equally clear reception indoors, but I could stray only a few buildings down the block before buzzing set in.But is it really worth an extra $100 (or more) to step up to 5.8 GHz? Maybe, when I tried out the Panasonic KX-TC1481B, a $39 900-MHz model, I could hear other conversations and even music coming through the phone. I got much clearer reception with the Motorola MA351, a $60 2.4-GHz model--except when I turned on my microwave oven and was assaulted by weird vibrating noises coming through the handset. Still, the Motorola is a decent option at a fair price.No matter which kind of phone you're considering, a few other factors are worth keeping in mind. First, ask about battery life. While I liked the reception best on the Uniden, for example, it can go only four hours between charges vs. eight on the Vtech.Next, find out if the phone is analog or digital. Both 5.8-MHz phones are digital, but that's not always the case with the models that use other frequencies, and this makes them an easier target for eavesdroppers. The best digitals use digital spread-spectrum (DDS) technology, which sends the signal down a broad range of frequencies to ensure that it gets through.Finally, shop at a store that offers a money-back guarantee. That way you can torture test the phone for a few days. Then, once you're certain everything's O.K., go ahead and start bragging about it to all your friends.1. How does the author introduce the topic?A. Explaining a phenomenonB. Justifying an assumption.C. Posing a contrastD. Making a comparison.2. Which of the following can be an advantage of Vtech over Uniden?A. A longer battery lifeB. Free of static interference.C. Fashionable outlookD. Compact design.3. The expression “susceptible to” (Line 5, Paragraph 2) most probably means __________.A. relevant withB. adaptable toC. immune fromD. sensitive to4. What is the most distinctive feature of5.8-GHz phones?A. Fairer priceB. Higher clarityC. More attractive modelD. No easier target for eavesdroppers.5. Which of the following is true according to the text?A. It is worthwhile to buy any of 5.8-GHz phones.B. Battery life determines your selection of the phone.C. The earlier you bought the phone, the more static interference you got.D. 5.8-GHz phones are becoming popular with consumers.2As colleges and universities send another wave of graduates out into the world this spring, thousands of other job seekers with liberal-arts degrees like Martin's find themselves in a similar bind. True enough, this is an era of record-breaking lows in unemployment. But technology companies, which are contributing the lion's share of new jobs, are simultaneously declaring a shortage of qualified workers. The emphasis is on the word qualified.It's no surprise that high-tech companies rarely hire liberal-arts graduates. "Our people, our marketers, even our attorneys have technical talent," says Tracy Koon, director of corporate affairs at Intel. The need for technical expertise is so pervasive that even retailers are demanding such skills. "Company-wide, we're looking for students with specific information-systems skills," says David McDearmon, director of field human resources at Dollar Tree Stores. "Typically we shy away from independent-college students who don't have them."Fortunately for Martin, some invaluable help was at hand when he needed it. The Virginia Foundation for Independent Colleges, a network of 15 liberal-arts colleges in the state, has teamed up with local companies to bridge the learning gap faced by its members' graduates. VFIC invited 30 companies, including First Union and Electronic Data Systems, to link the needs of businesses with the skills being taught in college classrooms. With grants from corporate sponsors like AT&T, VFIC asked 20 information-technology managers to help its members create an exam, based on the work students will be expected to do in the real world, to test and certify their technological proficiency.The result, Tek-Xam, is an eight-part test that requires students to design a website, build and analyze spreadsheets, research problems on the Internet and demonstrate understanding of legal and ethical issues. Says Linda Dalch, president of VFIC: "If an art-history major wants a job at a bank, he needs to prove he has the skills. That's where this credential can help." This year 245 students at VFIC's member colleges have gone through the program. The long-term hope is that Tek-Xam will win the same kind of acceptance as the LSAT or CPA for law or accounting students. "To know a student has taken the initiative and passed could mean that less training is needed," explains John Rudin, chief information officer at Reynolds Metals, one of the corporations that helped create the test.All this begs an important question: Has the traditional liberal-arts curriculum become obsolete? College presidents naturally argue that the skills their schools provide are invaluable. A B.A. degree, says Mary Brown Bullock of Atlanta's Agnes Scott College, "gives graduates the ability to reinvent themselves time and time again...and the knowledge and thinking skills that transcend a particular discipline or time frame."Martin is finding that to be the truth. "It would be nice to have computer classes on my transcript,"he says, but Tek-Xam has armed him with the power to learn those skills on his own--and a credential to show he has done so. He's now waiting to hear when his job as a network-support assistant for a large Boston firm will start.6. The main problem many liberal-arts students face in job seeking is ____________.A. too much competition in job marketB. their lack of technical expertiseC. company’s discrimination against liberal-arts studentsD. the recording-breaking unemployment rate7. It can be inferred from the text that _____________.A. in the modern era, technical talent means everything in securing a jobB. independent colleges are not giving their students proper educationC. retailers are following the fashion only to promote salesD. there is a big demand for students with technical skills8. Tek-Xam is designed to _____________.A. offer VFIC members’ graduates more job opportunitiesB. compete with LSAT and CPAC. help students cope with real world problemsD. test students’ technical skills9. We can draw a conclusion from the text that ____________.A. liberal arts education still proves valuable to studentsB.Tek-Xam is gaining wide acceptance among employers and students alikeC. technology companies are eager to promote Tek-XamD. computer classes will be excluded from the curriculum of liberal-arts students10. From the text we can see that the writer seems____________.A. positiveB. suspiciousC. pessimisticD. disapprovingB. Read the following passage and decide whether the statements are TRUE, FALSE, or NOT GIVEN (10%).3There's a dimmer switch inside the sun that causes its brightness to rise and fall on timescales of around 100,000 years - exactly the same period as between ice ages on Earth. So says a physicist who has created a computer model of our star's core.Robert Ehrlich of George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, modelled the effect of temperature fluctuations in the sun's interior. According to the standard view, the temperature of the sun's core is held constant by the opposing pressures of gravity and nuclear fusion. However, Ehrlich believed that slight variations should be possible.He took as his starting point the work of Attila Grandpierre of the Konkoly Observatory of theHungarian Academy of Sciences. In 2005, Grandpierre and a collaborator, Gábor Aacute calculated that magnetic fields in the sun's core could produce small instabilities in the solar plasma. These instabilities would induce localised oscillations in temperature.Ehrlich's model shows that whilst most of these oscillations cancel each other out, some reinforce one another and become long-lived temperature variations. The favoured frequencies allow the sun's core temperature to oscillate around its average temperature of 13.6 million kelvin in cycles lasting either 100,000 or 41,000 years. Ehrlich says that random interactions within the sun's magnetic field could flip the fluctuations from one cycle length to the other.These two timescales are instantly recognisable to anyone familiar with Earth's ice ages: for the past million years, ice ages have occurred roughly every 100,000 years. Before that, they occurred roughly every 41,000 years.Most scientists believe that the ice ages are the result of subtle changes in Earth's orbit, known as the Milankovitch cycles. One such cycle describes the way Earth's orbit gradually changes shape from a circle to a slight ellipse and back again roughly every 100,000 years. The theory says this alters the amount of solar radiation that Earth receives, triggering the ice ages. However, a persistent problem with this theory has been its inability to explain why the ice ages changed frequency a million years ago."In Milankovitch, there is certainly no good idea why the frequency should change from one to another," says Neil Edwards, a climatologist at the Open University in Milton Keynes, UK. Nor is the transition problem the only one the Milankovitch theory faces. Ehrlich and other critics claim that the temperature variations caused by Milankovitch cycles are simply not big enough to drive ice ages.However, Edwards believes the small changes in solar heating produced by Milankovitch cycles are then amplified by feedback mechanisms on Earth. For example, if sea ice begins to form because of a slight cooling, carbon dioxide that would otherwise have found its way into the atmosphere as part of the carbon cycle is locked into the ice. That weakens the greenhouse effect and Earth grows even colder.According to Edwards, there is no lack of such mechanisms. "If you add their effects together, there is more than enough feedback to make Milankovitch work," he says. "The problem now is identifying which mechanisms are at work." This is why scientists like Edwards are not yet ready to give up on the current theory. "Milankovitch cycles give us ice ages roughly when we observe them to happen. We can calculate where we are in the cycle and compare it with observation," he says. "I can't see any way of testing [Ehrlich's] idea to see where we are in the temperature oscillation."Ehrlich concedes this. "If there is a way to test this theory on the sun, I can't think of one that is practical," he says. That's because variation over 41,000 to 100,000 years is too gradual to be observed. However, there may be a way to test it in other stars: red dwarfs. Their cores are much smaller than that of the sun, and so Ehrlich believes that the oscillation periods could be short enough to be observed. He has yet to calculate the precise period or the extent of variation in brightness to be expected.Nigel Weiss, a solar physicist at the University of Cambridge, is far from convinced. He describes Ehrlich's claims as "utterly implausible". Ehrlich counters that Weiss's opinion is based on the standard solar model, which fails to take into account the magnetic instabilities that cause the temperature fluctuations.11. The ice ages changed frequency from 100,000 to 41,000 years a million years ago.12. The sole problem that the Milankovitch theory cannot solve is to explain why the ice age frequency should shift from one to another.13. Carbon dioxide can be locked artificially into sea ice to eliminate the greenhouse effect.14. Some scientists are not ready to give up the Milankovitch theory though they haven't figured out which mechanisms amplify the changes in solar heating.15. Both Edwards and Ehrlich believe that there is no practical way to test when the solar temperature oscillation begins and when ends.C. Choose the sentences marked A to E to complete the following passage (10%).________16______.The survey, conducted by the Pew Internet and American Life Project, showed that blog readership has shot up by 58% in the last year._______17________. Despite the explosive growth, more than 60% of online Americans have still never heard of blogs, the survey found._______18_______. Companies such as Google and Microsoft provide users with the tools to publish their own blogs.Reading blogs remains far more popular than writing them, the survey found. Only 7% of the 120 million US adults who use the internet had created a blog or web-based diary. _________19________. Just under one in 10 of the US's internet users read political blogs such as the Daily Kos or Instapundit during the US presidential campaign. Kerry voters were slightly more likely to read them than Bush voters.Blog creators were likely to be young, well-educated, net-savvy males with good incomes and college educations, the survey found. ________20________.A. Getting involved is becoming more popular though, with 12% saying they had posted material or comments on other people's blogs.B. Blogs, or web logs, are online spaces in which people can publish their thoughts, opinions or spread news events in their own words.C. This was also true of the average blog reader, although the survey found there was a greater than average growth in blog readership among women and those in minorities.D. Americans are becoming avid blog readers, with 32 million getting hooked in 2004, according to new research.E. Some of this growth is attributable to political blogs written and read during the US presidential campaign.Part Ⅲ Writing (30%)Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic.What Difference Does Having Money Make to You?。

翻译硕士MTI考试各高校真题汇总

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翻译硕士《翻译硕士英语》考研名校考研真题库

翻译硕士《翻译硕士英语》考研名校考研真题库第一部分真题类型：一、虚拟语气、定语从句、状语从句二、倒装句、强调句、独立结构三、同位语从句、反意疑问句题1. Since the development of an effective vaccine in 1963, measles _____ much less frequent.A. becameB. becomesC. has becomeD. have become【答案】C查看答案【解析】状语从句或短语用since引导时，主句一般用完成时。

measles 麻疹，形式是复数，实际是单数。

题3. Perhaps I should not have done so, but I changed my mind about the new job even though I was _____ last week.A. to be startedB. to have startedC. to have been startingD. start【答案】B查看答案【解析】过去将来完成时，表示未完成的计划。

题5. The operetta first _____ as a popular form of musical theater in the nineteenth century.A. to emergeB. emergingC. had emergedD. emerged【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：19世纪小歌剧最初以流行音乐剧院形式出现。

本句陈述的是过去发生事实，用一般过去式。

题6. The pollution problem as well as several other issues _____ to be discussed when the Congress is in session next spring.A. are goingB. were goingC. was goingD. is going【答案】D查看答案【解析】句子主语是the pollution problem，谓语动词用单数。

兰州大学翻译硕士考研真题,考研招生简章,出题趋势

兰州大学翻译硕士研究生入学考试试题考试时间：180分钟命题时间：2015年11月26日试卷分值：150分考试科目：448汉语写作与百科知识一、名词解释1.诗仙和诗圣2.鲁迅vs胡适3.盲人摸象4.儒释道5.王国维的治学三境界6.世界银行和亚投行7.chinadaily和the times8.语言，文化和翻译9.明末清出的翻译。

二、小作文：申请，你和你的朋友要成立翻译公司，给省政厅写个申请，写出公司名称，宗旨，职能，服务项目等内容，450字。

三、大作文是曾国藩先生的三段文字，写关于写文章的，首段大意是人不能两首，文不能两题，第二段写的是，文章，字，句的关系，大致意思是能把文章写好的人选词造句的能力不会差，同样没有哪个不会选词而能把句子文章写出来的，以此类推。

第三段，是说文章的雄气和惬适，前者天之命也不强企也，后者是，日积月累可有成效也。

育明教育考博分校针对中国人民大学翻译硕士专业考研开设的辅导课程有：专业课一对一·全程集训营·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。

每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在85%以上。

育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考研成功的基础保障。

一．翻译硕士考研资料：（全套）（一）汉语写作与百科知识---天津出版传媒集团李国正，夏衍教授主编，这本书针对近三年各个翻译硕士院校的真题进行了分析和统计，并总结了历年各个院校翻译硕士考研规律。

翻译硕士英语真题解析---天津科技出版社出版英语翻译基础真题解析----天津科技出版社出版（二）真题集汇总：2010年翻译硕士考研真题集2011年翻译硕士考研真题集2012年翻译硕士考研真题集2013年翻译硕士考研真题集2014年翻译硕士考研真题集2015年翻译硕士考研真题集2016年翻译硕士考研真题集翻译硕士考研词汇精编-----分类汇总翻译硕士考研词汇精编-----分频汇总考研政治必备宝典：政治考试主观题答题技巧★选择题：16单选，17不定项————总共用不超过35分钟做★分析题：小题，5分钟看题打草稿，10分钟写★材料题：5分钟分层次，20分钟写★选作题：30分钟1、各种题型答题要求：1、以命题者的思路为中心；2、选择题：哲学、政经——理论分析实际，要加强理解，不确定的选项宁可多选也不要少选。

兰州大学357英语翻译基础2020年考研真题试卷

兰州大学2020年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：357英语翻译基础专业：翻译说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效一、汉译英（75分）Directions:Translate the following texts into English其实乡村工作的朋友说乡下人愚那是因为他们不识字，我们称之曰“文盲”，意思是白生了眼睛，连字都不识。

这自然是事实。

我决不敢反对文字下乡的运动，可是如果说不识字就是愚，我心里总难。

“愚”如果是智力的不足或缺陷，识字不识字并非愚不愚的标准。

智力是学习的能力。

一个人如果没有机会学习，不论他有没有能力学习还是学不到什么的。

我们是不是说乡下人不但不识字，而且识字的能力都不及人呢？说到这里我记起了疏散在乡下时的事来了。

同事中有些孩子送进了乡间的小学，在课程上这些孩子样样比乡下孩子学得快、成绩好。

教员们见面时总在家长面前夸奖这些孩子们有种、聪明。

这等于说教授们的孩子智力高。

我对于这些恭维自然是。

穷教授别的已经全被剥夺，但是我们还有别种人所的遗传。

但是有一天，我在田野里看放学回来的小学生们捉蚱蜢，那些“聪明”而有种的孩子，扑来扑去，屡扑屡失，而那些乡下孩子却反应灵敏，一扑一得。

回到家来，刚才一点似乎又没有了着落。

二、英译汉（75分）Directions:Translate the following texts into ChineseI will begin at the beginning,and ask what the accusation is which has given rise to this slander of me,and which has encouraged Meletus to proceed against me.What do the slanderers say?They shall be my prosecutors,and I will sum up their words in an affidavit."Socrates is an evil-doer,and a curious person,who searches into things under the earth and in heaven,and he makes the worse appear the better cause;and he teaches the aforesaid doctrines to others."That is the nature of the accusation,and that is what you have seen yourselves in the comedy of Aristophanes;who has introduced a man whom he calls Socrates,going about and saying that he can walk in the air,and talking a deal of nonsense concerning matters of which I do not pretend to know either much or little-not that I mean to say anything disparaging of anyone who is a student of natural philosophy.I should be very sorry if Meletus could lay that to my charge.But the simple truth is,O Athenians,that I have nothing to do with these studies.Very many of those here present are witnesses to the truth of this,and to them I appeal.Speak then, you who have heard me,and tell your neighbors whether any of you have ever known me hold forth in few words or in many upon matters of this sort....You hear their answer. And from what they say of this you will be able to judge of the truth of the rest.As little foundation is there for the report that I am a teacher,and take money;that is no more true than the other.Although,if a man is able to teach,I honor him for being paid.There is Gorgias of Leontium,and Prodicus of Ceos,and Hippias of Elis,who go the round of the cities,and are able to persuade the young men to leave their own citizens, by whom they might be taught for nothing,and come to them,whom they not only pay, but are thankful if they may be allowed to pay them.There is actually a Parian philosopher residing in Athens,of whom I have heard;and I came to hear of him in this way:-I met a man who has spent a world of money on the Sophists,Callias the son of Hipponicus,and knowing that he had sons,I asked him:"Callias,"I said,"if your two sons were foals or calves,there would be no difficulty in finding someone to putover them;we should hire a trainer of horses or a farmer probably who would improve and perfect them in their own proper virtue and excellence;but as they are human beings, whom are you thinking of placing over them?Is there anyone who understands human and political virtue?You must have thought about this as you have sons;is there anyone?""There is,"he said."Who is he?"said I,"and of what country?and what does he charge?""Evenus the Parian,"he replied;"he is the man,and his charge is five minae."Happy is Evenus,I said to myself,if he really has this wisdom,and teaches at such a modest charge.Had I the same,I should have been very proud and conceited; but the truth is that I have no knowledge of the kind.。

兰大大学英语试题及答案

兰大大学英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The new policy will come into _______ next month.A. effectB. useC. serviceD. operation答案：A2. He is too _______ to understand the truth of the matter.A. youngB. tallC. shortD. old答案：A3. The teacher asked us to _______ the text and then answer the questions.A. read throughB. go throughC. look throughD. get through答案：B4. The company has _______ a new marketing strategy to increase sales.A. carried outB. put forwardC. brought upD. come up with答案：D5. The _______ of the meeting has been changed to next Friday.A. dateB. timeC. placeD. subject答案：A6. She is _______ to be the best candidate for the job.A. likelyB. probableC. possibleD. potential答案：A7. The _______ of the project was delayed due to bad weather.A. completionB. accomplishmentC. achievementD. realization答案：A8. He is always _______ in his work and never makes mistakes.A. carefulB. cautiousC. meticulousD. thorough答案：D9. The book is _______ interesting that I can hardly put it down.A. soB. veryC. tooD. quite答案：A10. The _______ of the old building has been approved by the city council.A. demolitionB. destructionC. removalD. pulling down答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The _______ (教授) gave us a lecture on the history of the English language.答案：professor2. She has a _______ (天赋) for music and can play the piano very well.答案：talent3. The _______ (会议) was postponed due to the heavy rain.答案：meeting4. He is a _______ (诚实的) person and always tells the truth. 答案：honest5. The _______ (经理) of the company announced the new policy. 答案：manager6. The _______ (孩子) are playing in the park.答案：children7. The _______ (科学家) made a great discovery in the fieldof physics.答案：scientist8. She is a _______ (护士) and works in a hospital.答案：nurse9. The _______ (工程师) designed a new type of bridge.答案：engineer10. The _______ (学生) are studying for their exams.答案：students三、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）阅读下面的短文，然后回答1-5题。

2012年兰州大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2012年兰州大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解I. Vocabulary and grammar (30’)Multiple choiceDirections: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.1. Blue jeans, the ________ denim work pants invented by Levi Strauss during the California Gold rush, were worn everywhere by French teenagers.A. sturdyB. flabbyC. desirableD. subtle【答案】A【解析】句意：牛仔裤是加利福尼亚淘金热时李维·斯特劳斯发明的一种结实耐磨的、用粗斜纹布制作的工装裤，当时在法国到处都有青少年穿着牛仔裤。

sturdy坚固的，耐用的。

flabby（肌肉）松弛的；肥胖的。

desirable吸引人的；合意的。

subtle 微妙的。

2. Tom: What would you wish to do if you were a college student again? Jerry: That is very hard to say, but I wish I ________.A. have not studied psychologyB. did study psychologyC. had studied psychologyD. studied psychology【答案】C【解析】句意：汤姆问：“如果回到大学时代，你希望做什么？”杰瑞：“这很难说，但我要是学心理学就好了。

2021_211翻译硕士英语(试题)

南京航空航天大学2011 年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码: 211满分: 100 分科目名称: 翻译硕士英语注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I.Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)1.He proved himself a successor to the former Prime Minister.A.worthwhileB. worthinessC. worthyD. worth2.A.moneyB. fareC. feesD. tuition3.Anthony is a very person and never wastes anything.A.miserlyB. thriftyC. economicD. conservative4.He is seriously ill because his girlfriend has just deserted him. Why don’t you try someoccupational to remove his mind from distress?A.operationB. therapyC. injectionD. medicine5.The curtains have because of the strong sunlight.A.fadedB. dulledC. faintedD. weakened6.A.virtualB. exclusiveC. overallD. flexible7.During the races there were two accidents to motor-cyclists including one accident.A.fatalB. killingC. deadlyD. deathly8.We didn’t catch the train on of the traffic congestion.A.basisB. chargeC. accountD. behalf9.I haven’t enough money to buy a car, so I just have to do .A.nothingB. noneC. withoutD. nobody10.The of these islands is still in dispute and the three countries are to have aconference next month to settle the issue.A.sovereigntyB. rightC. authorityD. power11.The government used their emergency powers to the truth about the accident.A.suppressB. manipulateC. controlD. manage12.The ghostly presence was just a (n) sensation of some people.A.objectiveB. subjunctiveC. subjectiveD. objected13.I was unaware of the critical points involved, so my choice was quite .A.artisticB. artificialC. arbitraryD. mechanical14.When she was crossing the road, she was knocked down by a motor-car and lay bythe roadside.A.asleepB. thoughtlessC. unconsciousD. unaware15.The reader is urged to be a leader, rather than a follower; to rely on his own power, rather than to .rmB. conformC. deformD. reform16. it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.A.BelieveB. To believeC. BelievingD. Believed17.When I caught him I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.A.cheatingB. cheatC. to cheatD. to be cheating18.You see the lightning it happens, but you hear the thunder later.A.the instantB. for an instantC. on the instantD. in an instant19.A.beingB. isC. to beD. been20.It is reported that adopted children want to know who their natural parents are.A.the mostB. most ofC. mostD. the most ofII.Error Correction (10 points)Direction: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided.Americans this year will swallow 15000 tons ofaspirin, one of safest and most effective drugs --21.invented by man. The most popular medicines in the --22.world today, it is an effective pain reliever. Its badeffects are relatively mild, and it is cheap.For millions of people suffered from arthritis, --23.it is the only thing that works. Aspirin, in short, istruly the 20th-century wonder drug. It is also thesecond largest suicide drug and is the leading cause ofpoisoning among children. It has side effects that, if --24.relatively mild, are largely unrecognized between users. --25.Hippocrates, in ancient Greece, understood the medical valueof the leaves and tree bark which today is known to --26.contain salicylates, the chemical in aspirin. during the19th century, there was a great number of experimentation --27.in Europe with this chemical, and it led in the introduction --28.of aspirin. By 1915, aspirin tablets were availablein the United States.A small quantity of aspirin(two five-grain tablets)relieves pain and inflammation. It also reduces down --29.fever by interfering with some of the body's reactions.Specifically, aspirin seems to slow down the formationis not fully understood, and the slowing effect of aspirin --30.is well known.III.Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage One31.The main idea of this passage is that .[A]employers are checking more closely on applicants now[B][C]college degrees can now be purchased easily[D]employers are no longer interested in college degrees32.According to the passage, "special cases" refers to cases that .[A][B]students never attended a school they listed on their application[C][D]students attended a famous school33.We can infer from the passage that .[A]performance is a better judge of ability than a college degree[B]experience is the best teacher[C]past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees do[D]34.This passage implies that .[A]buying a false degree is not moral[B]personnel officers only consider applicants from famous schools[C]most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from school[D]society should be greatly responsible for lying on applications35.The word "phony" (Para. 2) means .[A]thorough [B] ultimate [C] false [D] decisivePassage TwoIt is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It not only includes "remembering" things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed (嗅出)something suspicious in the grain pile.36.Which of the following is TRUE about memory?[A]It helps us perceive things happening around us every day.[B]It is based on the decisions we made in the past.[C]It is rooted in our past habits and skills.[D]It connects our past experiences with the present.37.According to the passage, memory is helpful in one's life in the following aspects EXCEPT that .[A]it involves a change in one's behavior[B]it keeps information for later use[C]it warns people not to do things repeatedly[D]it enables one to remember events that happened in the past38.[A][B][C][D]39.What is the major characteristic of man's memory capacity according to the author?[A]It can be expanded by language.[B][C]It may keep all the information in the past.[D]It may change what has been stored in it.40.Human beings make themselves different from other animals by .[A]having the ability to perceive danger[B]having a far greater memory capacity[C]having the ability to recognize faces and places on sight[D]having the ability to draw on past experiencesPassage ThreeMost shoplifters (商店扒手)agree that the January sales offer wonderful opportunities for the hard-working thief. With the shops so crowded and the staff so busy, it does not require any extraordinary talent to help you to take one or two little things and escape unnoticed. It is known, in the business, as "hoisting".But the hoisting game is not what it used to be. Even at the height of the sales, shoplifters today never know if they are being watched by one of those evil little balls that hang from the ceilings of so many department stores above the most desirable goods.As if that was not trouble enough for them, they can now be filmed at work and obliged to attend a showing of their performance in court.Selfridges was the first big London store to install closed-circuit videotape equipment to watch its sales floors. In October last year the store won its first court case for shoplifting using a evidence a videotape clearly showing a couple stealing dresses. It was an important test case which encouraged other stores to install similar equipment.When the balls, called sputniks, first make an appearance in shops, it was widely believed that their only function was to frighten shoplifters. Their somewhat ridiculous appearances, the curious holes and red lights going on and off, certainly make the theory believable.It did not take long, however, for serious shoplifters to start showing suitable respect. Soon after the equipment was in operation at Selfridges, store detective Brian Chadwick was sitting in the control room watching a woman secretly putting bottles of perfume into her bag."For a moment she paused, but then she returned to counter and started putting everything back. When she had finished, she opened her bag towards the camera to show it was empty andhurried out of the store."41.January is a good month for shoplifters because .[A]they don't need to wait for staff to serve them[B]they don't need any previous experience as thieves[C]there are so many people in the store[D]January sales offer wonderful opportunities for them42.The sputniks hanging from the ceiling are intended .[A]to watch the most desirable goods[B]to make films that can be used as evidence[C]to frighten shoplifters by their appearance[D]to be used as evidence against shoplifters43.The case last October was important because .[A]the store got the dresses back[B]the equipment was able to frighten shoplifters[C]other shops found out about the equipment[D]the kind of evidence supplied was accepted by court44.The woman stealing perfume .[A]guessed what the sputniks were for[B]was frightened by its shape[C]could see the camera filming her[D]knew that the detective had seen her45.The woman's action before leaving the store shows that she .[A]was sorry for what she had done[B]was afraid she would be arrested[C]d ecided she didn't want what she had picked up[D]wanted to prove she had not intended to steal anythingPassage FourThe English have the reputation of being very different from all other nationalities. It is claimed that living on an island separated from the rest of Europe has much to do with it. Whatever the reasons, it may be fairly stated that the Englishman has developed some attitudes and habits distinguishing him from other nationalities.46.One explanation for the different character of English people is that .[A]they are geographically isolated from the European continent[B]they have nothing to do with the other Europeans[C]they like to keep quiet among their acquaintances[D]they tend to be reserved by nature47.The word "inhibited" (Para. 2) in this passage probably means .[A]unable to have good manners[B]unable to express and relax freely[C]able to act properly[D]able to talk freely48.[A]inquire about the code of behavior in the train[B]shake hands with all the passengers[C]shake hands with the person he knows[D]behave like an Englishman49.[A]the English are modest in most circumstances[B]the English feel no less than any other nationality[C]the English tend to display less emotion than they feel[D]50.What does the passage mainly discuss?[A]The differences between the English and the other Europeans.[B]The different character of the Englishman and its reason.[C]The reasons for English people's shyness.[D]The code of behavior of the nationalities in Europe.Part IV Short Answer Questions (10 points)In Britain, the old Road Traffic Act restricted speeds to 2 m.p.h. (miles per hour) in towns and 4 m.p.h. in the country. Later Parliament increased the speed limit to 14 m.p.h. But by 1903 the development of the car industry had made it necessary to raise the limit to 20 m.p.h. By 1930, however, the law was so widely ignored that speeding restrictions were done away with altogether. For five years motorists were free to drive at whatever speeds they likes. Then in 1935 the Road Traffic Act imposed a 30 m.p.h. speed limit in built-up areas, along with theintroduction of driving tests and pedestrian crossing.The main controversy (争论) surrounding speeding laws is the extent of their safety value. The Ministry of Transport maintains that speed limits reduce accidents. It claims that when the 30 m.p.h. limit was introduced in 1935 there was a fall of 15 percent in fatal accidents. Likewise, when the 40 m.p.h. speed limit was imposed on a number of roads in London in the late fifties, there was a 28 percent reduction in serious accidents. There were also fewer casualties (伤亡) in the year after the 70 m.p.h. motorway limit was imposed in 1966.Questions:51.During which period could British motorists drive without speed limits?52.What measures were adopted in 1935 in addition to the speeding restrictions?53.54.What is the opinion of British authorities concerning speeding laws?55.What reason do Americans give for the reduction in traffic accidents?V. Writing (30 points)。

西北大学2011MTI翻译硕士英语

B. owing the change
C. the change do owe
D. owe the change
30. Blame for the invention of nuclear weapons must fall upon
西北大学 2011 年招收攻读硕士学位研究生试题
科目名称：翻译硕士英语
科目代码：211
适用专业：英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学
共 10 页
答案请写在答题纸上，答在本试题上的答案一律无效
I． Vocabulary and Grammar: Multiple Choice (30%) Part 1: Vocabulary Selection (10%) 1. Being both spoiled and lazy, he everyone else for his n invention of ingenuity and impact
B. it was an invention of ingenuity and impact
C. an invention of ingenuity and impact
D. invention of ingenuity and impact
success. A. accused B. changed C. criticized D. blamed 2. The prisoner that he had assaulted a policeman. A. denied B. rejected C. contradicted D. refused 3. The jury gave a of not guilty. A. sentence B. judgment C. charge D. verdict 4. Only hotel guests have the of using the private beach. A. occasion B. possibility C. privilege D. allowance 5. He was always finding with his daughter’s friends. A. blame B. error C. mistake D. fault 6. Children who are praised for their work are always on. A. encouraged B. approved C. inspired D. spurred 7. Your usual teacher has lost his voice and I am taking his place today. A. nevertheless B. however C. moreover D. accordingly 8. Sadly, while the academic industry thrives, the practice of translation continues to . A. stack B. stage C. stagnate D. stamp 9. Uncle Vernon, quite unlike Harry Potter who looked nothing like the rest of the family, was large, very fat, and _____, with an enormous black mustache. A. neckless B．necklace C．reckless D．rackless 1o. Americans who consider themselves ______ in the traditional sense do not usually hesitate to heap criticism in domestic matters over what they believe is oppressive or wasteful. A．pedestrian B．penchant C．patriarch D．patriotic

2014年硕士研究生入学考试初试专业课211翻译硕士英语试题

北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 211 试题名称：翻译硕士英语（共 12 页）适用专业：翻译说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

============================================================================================================= I.Vocabulary and Structure ( 30 points, 1 point each, 60 minutes) Directions: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, or D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Write your answers on the answer sheet.1.It was nearly always organized by the government, although some club membersacted _______ their own initiative.A.byB. onC. withD. in2.He redesigned the process, thereby ________ the company thousands of dollars.A.savingB. to saveC. savedD. save3.Modern bodies are especially ______ to cancer, because technology produceswaste that inhibits their proper functioning.A.relevantB. invulnerableC. proneD. attractive4.Some of his plans were impractical and ________ good for his work, but he neverwavered in what he considered just.A.too muchB. much tooC. so muchD. much so5.Supporters praised the action as a speedy and judicious solution, but criticscondemned it as ______ and unfairly influenced by recent events.A.delayedB. indisposedC. hastyD. imperious6.It is odd that a person’s worth is measured by his wealth, ______ instead people’scharacter should be measured by their value to society.A.whileB. soC. becauseD. when7.During the 17th century many artists became involved in color theory and ______painting for enlightenment.A.looked up toB. looked outC. looked onD. looked to8.No government can meet the _______ demand for ever more sophisticatedmedical technology by an aging population.A.intransigentB. insatiableC. ingeniousD. inglorious9.It is difficult to distinguish between the things that celebrities do ______ and thosethat are carefully contrived for effect.A.reluctantlyB. publiclyC. spontaneouslyD. prolifically10.The monkeys in the zoo are a group, because primates are inevitably ______ andbuild their lives around each other.A.socialB. independentC. stableD. curious11.When economy, language, culture and history interact, people begin to view themas _______ subjects rather than isolated ones.A.idiosyncraticB. integralC. synchronizedD. synthesized12.Retired people are often willing to _______ their time to help with communityproject.A.give outB. give awayC. give ofD. give off13.Even though formidable winters are the norm in this region, people wereunprepared for the _______ of the blizzard that year.dnessB. ferocityC. inevitabilityD. probability14.The committee provides funding to _______ artists like those of women and ofcolor, in the hopes of rectifying a historical inequality.A.prolificB. prominentC. promisingD. marginalized15.All are in the _____ stages, until architectural historians survey each house todetermine which have historic value.A.preliminaryB. primaryC. prevalentD. predicative16.He has unusual insight and imagination, which has made him succeed in ______new and fundamental principles well in advance of their general recognition.A.coordinatingB. discerningC. acknowledgingD. dispelling17.The storyline of the novel was extremely involved and included many lessercharacters _______ to the central events.A. consequentialB. peripheralC. indispensableD. permeating18.Once I finally _______ finding a definition, I see that it was never any such thing.A.get across toB. get away withC. get round toD. get in with19.Despite the fact that the life span of animals is conveniently divided into separatestages, those periods are not truly _______.A.distinctB. continuousC. reflexiveD. codependent20.In spite of _______ among scientists, and years of contentious discussion, theclaim that earthquake can be predicted with great precision prevails.A.receptionB. popularityC. skepticismD. antipathy21.No dictionary can really capture something as fleeting and ______ as slang.A.equivocalB. equitableC. equableD. ephemeral22.They bought up pieces of old furniture and passed them ______ as valuableantiques.A.outB. byC. awayD. off23.That reason was unique human has come _____ increasingly skeptical scrutiny:more researchers at least entertain the notion that some animals can think.A.inB. underC. toD. with24.Sam was a complete country man, with a pronounced ______ with nature in all itsforms.A.infinityB. conformityC. affinityD. fluidity25.It is no accident that most people find his book disturbing, for it is calculated toundermine a number of beliefs they have long _______.A.cherishedB. deniedC. anticipatedD. misunderstood26.Although the passage of years has softened the initially hostile reaction to hispoetry, even now only a few independent observers _______ his works.A.neglectB. criticizeC. commentD. praise27.The exhibition, though small in scale, succeeded in _______ its members with afirm sense of self-worth and purpose.A.endowingB. imbuingC. ladeningD. providing28.We were all impressed by the style of his books which is strongly ________ ofVirginia Woolf’s novels.A.reminiscentB. symptomaticC. indicativeD. imitative29.Historian can _______ “Augustan peace”only by failing to recognize that thispeace in many respects resemble that of death.A.demandB. ridiculeC. applaudD. disapprove30.Everything becomes collectable in time, particularly when its history and date ofmanufacture can be ________.A.describedB. acknowledgedC. overlookedD. authenticated II.Reading Comprehension (40 points, 2 points each, 60 minutes)Section IDirections: In this section there are two reading passages followed by multiple choice questions. Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet. Passage OneConstant vigilance: that is the task of the people who protect society from enemies intent on using subterfuge and violence to get their way. It is also the watch word of those who fear that the protectors will pursue the collective interest at untold cost to individual rights. Edward Snowden, a young security contractor, has come down on one side of that tussle by leaking documents showing that the National Security Agency (NSA) spied on millions of Americans’ phone records on the internet activity of hundreds of millions of foreigners.The documents, published by the Guardian and the Washington Post, include two big secrets. One is a court order telling Verizon, a telecoms company, to hand over “metadata”, such as the duration, direction and location of subscribers’calls. The other gives some clues about a programme called PRISM, which collects e-mails, files and social-networking data from firms such as Google, Apple and Facebook. Much of this eavesdropping has long been surmised, and none of it is necessarily illegal. America gives wide powers to its law-enforcement and spy agencies. They are overseen by Congress and courts, which issue orders to internet firms.Barack Obama has responded to the leaks by saying that he “welcomes” a debate on the trade-off between privacy, security and convenience. Despite the president’s words, however, the administration and much of Congress seem unwilling to talk about the programmes they oversee; and the politicians and executives who do want to speak out are gagged by secrecy laws. Opinion polls show that Americans are divided about the merits of surveillance—which is partly because they know so little about what is going on. But spying in a democracy depends for its legitimacy on informed consent, not blind trust.You might argue that the spies are doing only what is necessary. Al-Qaeda’s assaults on September 11th 2001 demonstrated to politicians everywhere that their first duty is to ensure their own citizens’safety. With Islamist bombers, there is a good case for using electronic surveillance: they come from a population that is still hard for Western security services to penetrate, and they make wide use of mobile phones and the internet. The NSA’s boss, Keith Alexander, says the ploys revealed by Mr Snowden have stopped dozens of plots. The burden on society of sweeping up information about them has been modest compared with the wars launched against Afghanistan and Iraq. And the public seems happy: if there were another attack on America, Mr Snowden would soon be forgotten.Yet because the spies choose what to reveal about their work, nobody can judge if the cost and intrusion are proportionate to the threat. One concern is the size, scope and cost of the security bureaucracy: some 1.4 million people have “top secret”clearances of the kind held by Mr Snowden. Is that sensible?A second worry is the effect on America’s ties with other countries. The administration’s immediate response to the PRISM revelation was that Americans have nothing to fear: it touched only foreigners. That adds insult to injury in countries that count themselves as close American allies: the European Union, in particular, fastidiously protects its citizens’ data. Fears abound that the spy agencies practice a cynical swap, in which each respects the letter of the law protecting the rights of its own people—but lets its allies do the snooping instead.Lawyerly officials denials of such machinations fail to reassure because of the third worry: the governments acting outside public scrutiny are not to be trusted. James Clapper, America’s director of national intelligence, told Congress in March that the NSA does not gather data on “millions of Americans”. He now says he answered in “the least untruthful manner” possible. Trawls through big databases may produce interesting clues—but also life-ruining false alarms, especially when the resulting decisions are cloaked in secrecy. Those on “no-fly lists”, which ban an unknown number of people from most air travel, are not told what they have done wrong and cannot clear their names. In desperation, 13 American citizens, including some who were exiled from their own country by the travel ban, are suing the government.Our point is not that America’s spies are doing the wrong things, but that the level of public scrutiny is inadequate and so is the right of redress. Without these, officials will be tempted to abuse their powers, because the price of doing so is small. This is particularly true for those who bug and ban.Spooks do need secrecy, but not on everything, always and everywhere. Officials will complain that disclosure would hinder their efforts in what is already an unfair fight. Yet some operational efficiency is worth sacrificing, because public scrutiny is a condition for popular backing. Even allowing for the need to keep some things clandestine, Americans need a clearer idea of what their spies are doing in their name.1.According to the passage, which of the following statements about vigilance istrue?A.President Obama describes the spying as a defense of security.B.Americans differ in their attitude towards the government’s vigilance.C.The administration and Congress feel ashamed of the spying.D.America’s law-enforcement and spy agencies are not entitled to spy.2.The sentence in paragraph two “if there were another attack on America, MrSnowden would soon be forgotten” probably means ________.A.Americans need divert their attention from the spying event.B.Mr Snowden matters little compared to America’s potential enemies.C.Vigilance would be accepted by the public if America was faced with danger.D.Mr Snowden’s revelation of PRISM would be forgotten sooner or later.3.Americans have the following concerns regarding vigilance EXCEPT_____.A.Spy agents leave Americans little privacy and less security.B.Spying will damage America’s relation with other countries.C.It is not sensible to devote much money and energy to vigilance.D.There lacks effective scrutiny of the government’s surveillance.4.The case that some citizens are banned from air travel in paragraph 7 is presentedto illustrate ________.A.the efficiency of spyingB.the absurdity of the banC.the inadequacy of the spying systemD.the interesting findings of spying5.What is the author’s stance on vigilance by the government?A.Vigilance does more harm than good to American citizens.B.Protection of society is merely an excuse for illegal vigilance.C.The legitimacy of vigilance is still open to discussion.D.Vigilance is necessary but should be better scrutinized by the public. Passage TwoA simple idea underpins science: “trust, but verify”. Results should always be subject to challenge from experiment. That simple but powerful idea has generated a vast body of knowledge. Since its birth in the 17th century, modern science has changed the world beyond recognition, and overwhelmingly for the better. But success can breed complacency. Modern scientists are doing too much trusting and not enough verifying—to the detriment of the whole of science and of humanity.Too many of the findings that fill the academic ether are the result of shoddy experiments or poor analysis. A rule of thumb among biotechnology venture-capitalists is that half of published research cannot be replicated. Even that may be optimistic. Last year researchers at one biotech firm found they could reproduce just six of 53 “landmark” studies in cancer research. In 2000-2010 roughly 80,000 patients took part in clinical trials based on research that was later retracted because of mistakes or improprieties.Even when flawed research does not put pe ople’s lives at risks—and much of it is too far from the market to do so—it squanders money and the efforts of some of the world’s best minds. The opportunity costs of stymied progress are hard to quantify, but they are likely to be vast. And they could be rising.One reason is the competitiveness of science. In the 1950s, when modern academic research took shape after its successes in the Second World War, it was still a rarefied pastime. The entire club of scientists numbered a few hundred thousand. As their ranks have swelled, scientists have lost their taste for self-policing and qualitycontrol. The obligation to “publish or perish”has come to rule over academic life. Competition for jobs is cut-throat. Full professors in America earned on average $135,000 in 2012—more than judges did. Every year six freshly minted PhDs vie for every academic post. Nowadays verification does little to advance a researcher’s career. And without verification, dubious findings live on to mislead.Careerism also encourages exaggeration and the cherry-picking of results. In order to safeguard their exclusivity, the leading journals impose high rejection rates: in excess of 90% of submitted manuscripts. The most striking findings have the greatest chance of making it onto the page. Little wonder that one in three researchers knows of a colleague who has pepped up a paper by, say, excluding inconvenient data from results “based on a gut feeling”. And as more research teams around the world work on a problem, the odds shorten that at least one will fall prey to an honest confusion between the sweet signal of a genuine discovery and a freak of the statistical noise.Conversely, failures to prove a hypothesis are rarely even offered for publication, let alone accepted. “Negati ve results” now account for only 14% of published papers, down from 30% in 1990. Yet knowing what is false is as important to science as knowing what is true. The failure to report failures means that researchers waste money and effort exploring blind alleys already investigated by other scientists.The hallowed process of peer review is not all it is cracked up to be, either. When a prominent medical journal ran research past other experts in the field, it found that most of the reviewers failed to spot mistakes it had deliberately inserted into papers, even after being told they were being tested.All this makes a shaky foundation for an enterprise dedicated to discovering the truth about the world. What might be done to shore it up? One priority should be for all disciplines to follow the example of those that have done most to tighten standards. Ideally, research protocols should be registered in advance and monitored in virtual notebooks. This would curb the temptation to fiddle with the experiment’s design midstream so as to make the results look more substantial than they are. Where possible, trial data also should be open for other researchers to inspect and test.The most enlightened journals are already becoming less averse to humdrum papers. Some government funding agencies, including America’s National Institutes of Health, which dish out $30 billion on research each year, are working out how best to encourage replication. And growing numbers of scientists, especially young ones, understand statistics. But these trends need to go much further. Journals should allocate space for “uninteresting” work, and grant-givers should set aside money to pay for it. Peer review should be tightened—or perhaps dispensed with altogether, in favor of post-publication evaluation in the form of appended comments. Lastly, policymakers should ensure that institutions using public money also respect the rules.Science still commands enormous—if sometimes bemused—respect. But its privileged status is founded on the capacity to be right most of the time and to correct its mistakes when it gets things wrong. And it is not as if the universe is short of genuine mysteries to keep generations of scientists hard at work. The false trails laid down by shoddy research are an unforgivable barrier to understanding.6.Which issue about science is mainly addressed in the passage?A.Science calls for more verification.B.Flawed science research does harm to humanity.C.Fierce competition exists in science.D.An objective evaluation of science is necessary.7.Which of the following statements can best explain the major issue in science?A.Scientific research is too flawed to be turned into productivity.B.Scientists are unwilling to get papers published for promotion.petition in science leads to irrational pursuit of startling results.D.Peer review mechanism is not fully implemented.8.“cherry-picking of results” in paragraph five refers to ______.A.overstating the results to get papers publishedB.keeping only positive results to get paper publishedC.selecting only papers with the most favorable resultsD.safeguarding the high quality of experiment results9.According to the passage, negative results in scientific experiments should be_____.A.dismissed as complete failures and never to be consideredB.published to avoid unnecessary waste of money and effortC.investigated a second time to confirm their inadequacyD.adapted to incorporate with a new hypothesis10.The passage suggests the following solutions to the issue in science EXCEPT________.A.implementing higher standards in scientific experimentB.carrying out larger scale of inspection and test of trial dataC.allocating more funding for the verification of science resultsD.speeding up the application of science results to the marketSection IIDirections: Read the following two passages and answer in COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow the passages. Write your answers in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.Passage ThreeThe American dream has taken hit after hit the past half-decade. It just suffered another blow, based on a new poll. Yet young people seem determined to turn things around, giving us all cautious cause for optimism.When writer James Truslow Adams coined the phrase in 1931 he called the American dream “that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement.” So it was all about opportunity, which largely has disappeared amid a poor job market, heavy debts, and wages that have stalled for 25 years.In more recent times, the American dream became closely identified with home ownership. But that idea suffered a blow in the housing bust. Just 65% of Americans own their home, down from 69% pre-bust, and four out of five Americans are rethinking the reasons they’d want to buy a house.Perhaps the newest definition of the American dream comes from the National Endowment for Financial Education, which found that nearly half of adults define the dream as a comfortable retirement. Most just want to quit work at 65 or 67 and not worry. That’s their dream, which far outpaces the 17% who cling to homeownership as the embodiment of Adam’s vision.Now we see yet another blow to yet another version of the American dream, which at times has been described as each generation doing better than the last. Seven in 10 Americans say that when today’s children are adults, they’ll have less financial security than adults today, according to an Allstate/National Journal Heartland Monitor poll.Adults overwhelmingly believe childhood and parenthood were better for earlier generations; 79% say it was better to have been a child when they were young. Most believe today’s kids will have a poorer chance of holding a steady job and owning a home without too much debt, and that their children will have less opportunity to achieve a comfortable retirement.The downbeat view doesn’t stop here. Adults also believe that today’s children will display less patriotism, a poorer work ethic, and less civic responsibility when they come of age.All this pessimism would be deadly troublesome if not for one thing: young people aren’t buying it. More than half of teens in the poll say it’s better to be a kid today, and nearly half say that when they are their parents’ age they will have more opportunity—not less.Maybe that’s because young people learned a lot during the Great Depression. They saw their parents get socked. But with no real assets at risk themselves they came through it unscathed, financially speaking, and yet took the lessons to heart and are more conscious about spending and debt than Mom and Dad have been.Maybe that’s because they’ve seen stocks come roaring back and the housing market begin to recover. Mom and Dad may not be whole yet, and still stinging. But those who began their careers in the past five years and were smart enough to sign up for a 401 (k) have been building wealth steadily.Maybe that’s because, stereotypes be damned, they know something about their work ethic that boomers and other elders do not: Millennials are pretty darned committed to their careers—they just see it in different terms.Or maybe it’s just because young people can’t imagine life without the internet or smartphones or, well, reality TV. Toddlers today play on iPads. With mobiletechnology, young professionals can get their jobs done at the beach. By comparison, older generations grew up in the dinosaur age. We had outrageous long-distance bills, three channels and a TV with rabbit ears. Dude, what’s so great about that?11.What is the passage mainly about?12.What specific aspects about American dream are discussed in the passage?13.How do you interpret the first sentence in paragraph eight: “All the pessimismwould be deadly troublesome if not for one thing: young people aren’t buying it.”?14.What is the author’s attitude towards the issue being discussed?15.Could you give a title to the passage?Passage FourIt’s an exciting notion that one’s very self could be broadened by the mastery of two or more languages. In obvious ways (exposure to new friends, literature and so forth) the self-reality is broadened. Yet it is different to claim—as many people do—to have a different personality when using a different language. A former colleague, for example, reported being ruder in Hebrew than in English. So what is going on here?Benjamin Lee Whorf, an American linguist who died in 1941, held that each language encodes a worldview that significantly influences its speakers. Often called “Whorfinanism”, this idea has its skeptics. But there are still good reasons to believe language shapes thought.This influence is not necessarily linked to the vocabulary or grammar of a second language. Significantly, most people are not symmetrically bilingual. Many have learned one language at home from parents, and another later in life, usually at school. So bilinguals usually have different strengths and weaknesses in their different languages—and they are not always best in their first language. For example, when tested in a foreign language, people are less likely to fall into a cognitive trap (answering a test question with an obvious-seeming but wrong answer) than when tested in their native language. In part this is because working in a second language slows down the thinking. No wonder people feel different when speaking them. And no wonder they feel looser, more spontaneous, perhaps more assertive or funnier or blunter, in the language they were reared in from childhood.What of “crib” bilinguals, raised in two languages? Even they do not usually have perfectly symmetrical competence in their two languages. But even for a speaker whose two languages are very nearly the same in ability, there is another big reason that person will feel different in the two languages. This is because there is an important distinction between bilingualism and biculturalism.Many bilinguals are not bicultural. But some are. And of those bicultural bilinguals, we should be little surprised that they feel different in their two languages. Experiments in psychology have shown the power of “priming”—small unnoticed factors that can affect behavior in big ways. Asking people to tell a happy story, for example, will put them in a better mood. The choice between two languages is a huge prime. Speaking Spanish rather than English, for a bilingual and bicultural Puerto Rican in New York, might conjure feelings of family and home. Switching to English might prime the same person to think of school and work.So there are two very good reasons that make people feel different speaking their different languages. We are still left with a third kind of argument, though.People seem to enjoy telling tales about their languages’ inherent properties, and how they influence their speakers. A group of French intellectual worthies once proposed, rather self-flatteringly, that French be the sole legal language of the EU, because of its supposedly unmatchable rigor and precision. Some Germans believe that frequently putting the verb at the end of a sentence makes the language especially logical. We also see some unsurprising overlap with national stereotypes and self-stereotypes: French, rigorous; German, logical; English, playful. Of course.In this case, Ms Chalaris, a scholar, at least proposed a specific and plausible line of causation from grammar to personality: in Greek, the verb comes first, and it carries a lot of information, hence easy interrupting. The problem is that many unrelated languages all around the world put the verb at the beginning of sentences. Many languages all around the world are heavily inflected, encoding lots of information in verbs. It would be a striking finding if all of these unrelated languages had speakers more likely to interrupt each other. Welsh, for example, is also both verb-first and about as heavily inflected as Greek, but the Welsh are not known as pushy conversationalists.Neo-Whorfians continue to offer evidence and analysis that aims to prove that different languages push speakers to think differently. One such effort is forthcoming: “The Bilingual Mind” to be published in April. Meanwhile John McWhorter takes the opposite stance in “The Language Hoax”, forthcoming in February. But strong Whorfian arguments do not need to be valid for people to feel differently in their different languages.16.Which statement or notion is under discussion in this passage?17.Do bilinguals feel more comfortable with their first language? Why or why not?18.According to the passage, why do people feel different when they speak differentlanguages?19.Why are Greeks likely to interrupt in conversation according to some scholar?20.Does the author agree on the causation from language to personality? How doeshe argue for or against it?。

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