广外高翻学院专题口译训练材料
广东外语外贸大学高级翻译学院高级英汉汉英口译课件
Cohesion
It is the linking up of words; the way of linking up all parts of discourse. It may exist inter-paragraph or intersentence, and may exist within a sentence between different parts. It is the tangible network of a text.
Narrative Discourse – Elements
Background Characters Events Ending Comments eg. It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in January.
Cohesion at Work – Substitution
Use of another structure to substitute information given to avoid repetition eg. Your hat is more expensive than mine. 你的帽子比我的帽子贵。 “ Can I have a cup of black coffee with sugar, please?” “Give me the same, please.” “请给我一杯加糖不加奶的咖啡。” “也给我一杯加糖不加奶的咖啡。”
广外高翻学院口译课训练材料原文
Good evening everyone.It’s a very great honor and pleasure to be with you here in Donguan this evening and to pay tribute to this quite remarkable development which um… has left me amazed and impressed and desiring to return again to this wonderful place, thank you.I’d also like to tell you that for me um…China has a special place in my heart and in my family. My brother is actually married to a Chinese lady, a very wise choice. And my little boy, that’s Stuart, um… he is just seven years old, and he’s begun to study Chinese in his school back in London. So who knows, maybe in 40 years’ time he will come along and address you in perfect Chinese. But to the moment NIHAO is all I can say.Now, um… I would like to talk to you reasonably briefly and I understand we’re gonna to have time to take questions and answers, um.. so please feel free then to ask me any questions you want, I will be pleased trying to give you as good answers as I can.But I’d like to, in my remarks to you, address the… this question really, which is how do we develop our economy and society both in countries like this and in countries like mine so that we maximize the potential of our countries and our people.//And I believe there are a number of ways that we have to do this. The first is that we have to have the right partnership between government and business. And I would like to congratulate you, MR vice mayor and all those who are engaged in government in this province, for the very wise and intelligent way that you have partnered the private sector in the developments that have come about. I think that has made a big difference to this region. Thank you, Sir.I also believe that it is only when government and industry work together that we can deal with some of the major questions of planning and urban development that are so critical in making sure we are offering opportunities to everybody in our society, not simply a few.The biggest problem in any modern country today is how do we ensure that the benefits of the wealth that we create are spread amongst the whole of the population. And, in order to do that, we need the closest possible cooperation between those who work in government and those who work in business. I have to… seeing Mr. Chen’s amazing development just a short distance from here, to which congratulations, err…it’s an incredible achievement. But I know that that could not have been done unless with the right cooperation and partnership between those in positions of government and those like yourself who are entrepreneurs. So that’s the first thing, the partnership between public and private sector. //The second thing is the importance of education. I think for all our countries today, the thing that we can do most is to build the knowledge and capability of our people. In every one of our societies, at the moment, there are people of talent and ability. But unless they get the education opportunities that they need, they will never be able to fulfill that opportunity properly. I would like to think in years to come, that there would be partnerships, for example, between the universities and scientific institutes in a country like the UK. And how you develop your university sector and science here? I think for Europe, there is much much more that we can do, to try to make sure that Europe and China work more closely together in developing the knowledgeeconomy of the future.The third thing is that, I think, we need to pay attention to scientific and technological development. And we need to make sure that we are always trying to get to the next phase of innovation and development. I found in my life just over the ten years that I was prime minister of the United Kingdom that the pace and scope and the scale of change was so fast and the scientific development altering so quickly that governments and companies and people constantly have to upgrade their skills, have to retrain, have to find the new frontiers of knowledge and explore them. And I think today, more than anything else, it would be education that is the key to the success or failure of our countries and our economies. //And finally, what we need to do is to pay attention, as we develop our economy, to the environment. This is a concern now everywhere in the world. How do we make sure that the development that we have is sustainable, that it is responsible, that it pays attention to the needs of the environment, to the needs to curb pollution, and provide better quality of life for our people, at the same time must give them the growth and the jobs and prosperity that they need. So these questions are right at the heart of how successful countries develop today: the partnership between public and private sector, the education and knowledge economy of the future, the development of science and technology, and ensuring that as we develop, we pay attention to the environment around us. I think these would be the big questions that dominate economic development here but also right around the world.One other thing I think that is important: we can learn a lot from each other. It’s true that in your economic development, you can learn from Europe, and countries like the UK, that we can also learn from some of the extraordinary developments that are occurring here. 20 years ago, I went to Guangzhou and visited that for the first time. And I suspect 20 years ago, this was a very very different city here. In that period of time, there has been virtually a revolution in terms of the change and transformation to the wonderful place that we have here today. And that came about because people had the leadership and the vision and the foresight to make the changes necessary to bring it about. And if I had any single lesson from my time as leader of my political party but also as prime minister of my country is this: change is the most difficult thing to do, but in today’s world, the most necessary. And the more we are prepared to open up, the more we are prepared to learn from each other, the more we are prepared to embrace the world of globalization and understand its impact, then the better we will be at dealing with its consequences.And I found in my time as leader of my country that every time I had a difficult decision to make about change, and I failed to make the change, I regretted it; and every time I managed to make the change, it was difficult and tough and hard and people objected to it, but in the end it was the right thing to do for the country. And you know it, as business people and as people involved in government, there is nothing harder than to persuade people of the need to change. But my experience has been that persuading them of that need and then doing the change is about as important as active leadership as is possible to imagine. So, it wasn’t always easy, it never is, but I think it’s necessary to do. I suppose, as a leader, you should always expect the unexpected.//I think if you told me, 20 years ago, when probably I traveled through here on my way further north, and it was virtually nothing that would have been here recognizable today, if you said to me then, in 20 years time, you would be in this extraordinary ball room, in this amazing hotel, in the middle of this wonderful development, I would have said: you may have a little too much wine. But I am here, and I am here in part because of what I heard about Dongguan, what I know your future is gonna be, what I can see happening here is as exciting in its possibilities as anything happening in the world today. And you should be very proud of what you’ve created. And then you should ask, what is the next step? How do we reach the next level? Because one other thing I learned at my time as leader, which is never be satisfied with standing still. By all means congratulate yourself on the success that has been achieved, but then think of the next goal, the next objective, the next thing that can be done. And I think you carry that attitude in mind, and carry it with optimism, that what you believe you want to do you can actually do, then I think the possibilities are without limit. There is nothing that you cannot achieve.So it’s a real honor and privilege to be with you here this evening to say these few words of introduction and now to engage in question and answer with you. And above all else, let me thank you for the warmth of your welcome here today. Thousands of miles from my home, it means a very great deal to me. And I shall carry back to my family the most happy memory of my visit here, of your kindness and your warmth, and the good welcome that you have given me. And I shall be telling my people back in Britain: forget all these other places, get out to Dongguan, because that’s where it’s happening. Thank you.。
广外口译笔记精选1
口译笔记精选·上册1. Due to the financial crises in Asia, the number of tourists coming andgoing between the Asian countries has dropped by a large margin since summer 1997. The growth speed of world tourism decreased from 5.5% in 1996 to 3.8%in 1997.由于金融危机的影响，亚洲各国之间出入境旅游人数从1997年夏季开始大幅度减少，世界旅游业的增长由1996年的5.5％下降到1997年的3.8％。
2. From January to August 1998, the number of tourists entering Chinatotaled 41.3284million people/times or an increase of 12.22% over the figure for the corresponding period of last year. Foreign exchange earnings generated by tourism reached 8.198 billion us dollars or an increase of 5.55% over the figure for the corresponding period of last year. The number of overseas tourists coming to China has kept growing, except from the other Asian countries, the number of whose tourists has shown a slight reduction.1998年1－8月份，我国旅游入境人数达到4132.84万人次，比1997年同期增长12.22％，旅游收入达到81.198亿美元，比1997年同期增长5.55％，国际客源市场中，除了亚洲市场有所下降，其他各大洲市场均有增长。
Teaching Notes for Interpreting 1广外口译1
Teaching Notes forInterpreting 1口译1教案（三年级用—技巧训练）Unit 1 Tourism Industry (I)Skills: Memory trainingMaterials: textbook materials and supplementary materialsProcedures:I. Requirements for and evaluation of students 10min1. Attendance2. After-class preparation for related topics and vocabulary3. In-class performance and involvement4. Individual presentation at the beginning of each class5. Final examII. An Introduction to Interpreting 30min1. History and present situation of interpreting2. Types and criteria of interpreting1) Types: consecutive interpreting, simultaneous interpreting, whispering interpreting, sightinterpreting2) Criteria: accuracy and fluency3. Procedures of interpretingreception→decoding→memory→encoding→ expression4. Basic requirements for interpreters: quite-witted, calm, resourceful1) Strong sense of responsibility and good professional ethics2) Linguistic competence and phonetic competence3) Encyclopedic knowledge and subject knowledge4) Outstanding memory and note-taking ability5) Quite-wittedness6) Cross-cultural awareness7) Calmness5. Training and mastery of interpreting skills1) Memory traininga. Source language repetitionb. Target language repetitionc. Shadowingd. Logic analysis2) Figure training3) Note-taking4) Sight interpreting5) Training of various translation skillsIII. Memory training 30minSource language reproduction: Chinese-Chinese and English-EnglishMaterials: Memory training exercises in Unit 1, Book 1.IV. Interpreting Exercise 20minMaterials: supplementaryV. Homework1. Go over the reading passages in Unit 12. Prepare a wordlist of tourism industry3. Two students prepare presentations on tourismVI. Supplementary materialsChina's Tourism in the 21st centuryChairman He Guangwei ---- September 8, 2000, New YorkAs China initiated the policy of opening & reform, China's tourism industry witnessed tremendous achievements. In 1999, total tourist arrivals to China and the revenue generated from inbound business ranked 5"' and 7"' respectively among the world top destinations. At the turn of new century, China has worked out its strategic plan for tourism development for the next 20 years and the goal is to become the world's leading tourism country.China and the United States are among the hottest tourist destinations in Asia and America. As China quickens steps towards internationalization and gears up the development of tourism facilities, there will be more opportunities of cooperation between China and the United States in the field of tourism. We welcome more U.S. tourists to visit China. We also welcome U.S. investors with a long vision to invest in China, especially in tourism infrastructure of China's central and western areas. China's tourism industry in 21" century will be promising one with unlimited opportunities.He Guangwei, worked as Secretary of the Secretariat of (he Central Committee of the Communist Youth League of China, and Vice Chairman of All China Youth Federation from 1981 to 1986. In April 1986, he was appointed Executive Vice Chairman of the National Tourism Administration of China and was promoted to chairman in 1995.中国加入WTO对旅行社业的影响加入ＷＴＯ，对旅行社业会带来严峻的挑战：一是外国旅游商进入中国以后，可能会以优厚的待遇向中方旅行社“挖人”，在一定时期内形成人才跳槽，对中方旅行社造成不利影响；二是如果外资旅行社经营顺利，外方旅行社依靠中国的旅游资源开拓新的市场，有可能打破现有入境组团的市场格局，目前一些大社的市场占有份额可能下降，实力弱小的组团可能退出竞争；三是随着全方位的对外开放，有可能出现一些有实力的外国旅行社，通过设立控股或独资旅行社并与其国内航空公司及国内拥有股份的饭店、商场、餐厅联手经营的方式，实现入境接待“一条龙”服务，造成对我国有关企业的排斥和部分旅游经营利润的外流。
广东外语外贸大学高级翻译学院高级英汉汉英口译课件12
变体（Varieties）
1．Regional Varieties (地域变体，指按地 域划分的同一种语言的方言形式)； 2．Social Varieties (社会变体，指由于使 用人群不同而出现的术语、行话等形式)； 3．Written Varieties (书面变体，指根据场 合不同而表现出来的口语和书面语形式)； 4．Stylistic Varieties (风格变体，指由于语 域差异而区分的不同风格语体，如公文、 科技、法律等)。
情景因素(Ghadessy, 1993)
1）话语范围 (field of discourse) nature, content and functions of communication 2）话语方式 (mode of discourse) internal organization, cohesion and coherence of discourse 3）话语基调 (tenor of discourse) permanent or temporary relations between the speakers
Examples Analysis
为什么呢？美国它今天说你对我出口太多，进 口太少，造成了我的外贸收支不平衡，明天又 说另外一套，你，对我外贸也是造成了不平衡。 Because at some point, the United States will accuse one country of exporting too much and importing too little, and therefore causing its trade imbalance; at another point, it may accuse another country of causing its trade imbalance.
《翻译专业本科(BTI)系列》教学资源-口译能力-专题口译-专题口译教学建议
二、教学目标
“专题口译”以专题知识为线索组织教学，目标是让学生通过接触常见的口 译主题，掌握以做好口译为目的百科知识能力的建设方法、提升双语能力、强化 交传技能，全面打造学生的口译能力。要理解这一教学目标，就要从其中的关键 词：专题口译教学、口译目的导向、百科知识能力、双语能力和交传技能出发， 厘清各核心要素的定义和关系。
虽然学生最终也是熟记了主题相关表达，看起来和内容型专题口译教学相似， 但是这种记诵是在泛读、精读完成之后才进行的，而且是学生自行整理得出的， 它代表的是学生对该主题的主动积极探索，有了认识沉淀以后再形成的。这样的 记诵是有根基并且扎实的。因此，它和内容型教学方法有本质的区别。该方法的 实施从教师引导开始，逐渐到学生自主探索，直至学生完全掌握。
图一：“广外模式”的课程体系设置 浮点纹——必开课程（must-have courses）、斜线纹——应开课程（should-have courses） 和竖线纹——可开课程（could-have courses）
广外模式是广外口译教学团队在主持人仲伟合教授带领下，历经三十年的教 学实践形成的口译教学智慧的结晶。这一教学模式的框架性基础是仲伟合对译员 知识结构的解剖。他认为译员的知识结构由三大板块构成：语言板块、百科知识 板块、技能板块，并提出公式 KI = KL + EK + S (P +AP) （仲伟合，2003: 63-5）。
广外口译与翻译考纲
广外专升本--口译与听力（0602）试题类型听力(50分)，选择题第一部分：单句听力，Statements ，听一遍（10个，每个1分，共10分）第二部分：听对话，Conversations，放一遍（5个对话，每个对话2个问题，每个问题1分，共10分）第三部分：短文听力，News，放两遍（两段，每段5个问题，每个问题1.5分，共15分）第四部分：新闻听力，Passages，放两遍（两至三个段落，共10个问题，每个问题1.5分，共15分）口译(50分)第一部分：汉译英(25分)1．单句（5个，每句2分，共10分）2．段落（1个，大约150个字左右，共15分）第二部分：英译汉(25分)1．单句（5个，每句2分，共10分）2．段落（1个，大约200个字左右，共15分）口译评分标准：1．英译汉和汉译英各占25分。
2．以语段（两个//符号之间的一个句子或数个句子为单位）中的信息单位的准确完整记分。
3．语法和语音语调方面基本不扣分，但是如果差到令人不知所云则扣分，以语段中的信息点为单位扣分。
考试说明：本课程为实践考核，考试时间约为1个小时。
听力部分，第一、第二部分只读一遍，第三、四部分读两遍，每个问题之间的时间间隔大约为10秒。
口译部分，单句只读一遍，段落先整个通读一遍，然后再根据意群分小段读一段，翻译一段。
两部分的英语语速皆控制在每分钟130--150词左右。
本课程满分为100分，60分为及格。
考试一般在语音室内进行，考试时每个学生发一盒空白磁带供录音用。
1。
毕业考核教材：毕业考核是没有教材的，有同学说跟八级考试的题型相似，我没有买过八级的资料看，不知道是真是假。
题型及分值：考试内容还是蛮全面的，有听力，语法，阅读，翻译，写作。
听力部分占二十分，有对话和MONOLOGUE，语速较慢，个人感觉和SPECIAL VOA差不多，还是比较容易的。
关键是拿到试卷后别急着看后面的笔试题，抓紧时间把听力部分的问题和答案过一次，这样在听的时候就可以有针对性的抓住关键词了。
广外资料-口译1
（一）Part One Chinese-English Interpretation (25%)Section A Sentences (10%)1．中国在控制人口增长方面取得了巨大的成就，受到了联合国的高度赞赏。
With its outstanding achievements in controlling population growth, China won high praise from United Nations experts.2．3．4．在石窟最早由印度传入中国，是一种佛教建筑形式。
The grotto was originally a Buddhist architectural form that was brought to China from India.5.开放的中国需要吸收人类一切优秀文化成果和有益经验，也需要得到各国的最大理解与支持。
An open China needs to absorb all the excellent elements from other cultures and beneficial experiences of human beings. It also needs the maximum understanding and support of other countries.Section B Passage (15%)1. 世界人口正在以惊人的速度增长着，现在地球上人口已超过60亿。
1）// 将来人们会住在哪里呢？人们将不得不修建更多的房子、公寓楼和高层建筑。
2）// 或许人们将不得不在海底建造房屋，科学家正在研究这种可能性。
3）// 如果发现其他星球上有生命的话，或许许多人就可能到那儿去居住。
4）//这样，在地球和这些星球之间，就可能会有宇宙飞船定期来往飞行。
The population of the world is increasing at an alarming rate. Now there are more than 6 billion people on the earth. 1)// Where might people live in the future? More houses , blocks of flats and skyscrapers will have to be built. 2) // Maybe man will have to build houses under the sea . Scientists are already working on this possibility. 3)// Many people will probably go to live on other planets if life is found to be possible there . 4) // Thus, there will probably be regular flights in spaceships from the earth to these planets .Part Two : English-Chinese Interpretation (25%)1.The role of the UN is indispensable to the achievement of genuine peace and developmentand to the establishment of a just and reasonable new international order.要真正实现和平与发展，建立公正合理的国际新秩序，联合国的作用不可或缺。
广外高翻翻译练习
07级研究生翻译作业（汉译英）David Pollard的译文：Thus Friends Absent SpeakWritten by Yu Guangzhong and Translated by David PollardIf it is conceded that replying to letters is to be dreaded, on the other hand not replying to letters is by no means a matter of unalloyed bliss. Normally a hundred or so letters are stacked on my bookshelf, of diverse maturity of debt outstanding, the longest being over a year. That kind of pressure is more than an ordinary sinner can bear. A stack of unanswered letters battens on me like a bevy of plaintive ghosts and plays havoc with my smitten conscience. In principle the letters are there for replying to. I can swear in all honesty that I have never while of sound mind determined not to answer people’s letters. The problem is a technical one. Suppose I had a whole summer night at my disposal: should I first answer the letter that was sent eighteen months ago, or that one that was sent seven months ago? After such a long delay even the expiry date for apology and self-recrimination would surely have passed? In your friends’ eyes, you have already stepped beyond the pale, are of no account. On the grapevine your reputation is “that impossible fellow”.Actually even if you screw up all your moral courage and settle down at you desk to pay off your letter debt come what may, the thing is easier said than done. Old epistles and new missives are jumbled up together and stuffed in the drawers or strewn on shelves; some have been answered, some not. As the poet was told about the recluse he was looking for: “I know he’s in these mountains, but in this mist I can’t tell where.” The time and energy you would spend to find the letter you have decided to answer would be several times that needed to write the reply itself. If you went on to anticipate that your friend’s reaction to receiving your letter would be less “surprised by joy” than “resentmentrekindled”, then your marrow would turn to water, and your debt would never be cleared.To leave letters unanswered is not equivalent to forgetting friends, no more than it is conceivable that debtors can forget their creditors. At the bottom of such disquietude, at the end of your nightmares, there forever lurks the shadowy presence of this friend with his angry frown and baleful looks: no, you can never forget him. Those who you really put out of your mind, and do so without qualm, are those friends who have already been replied to.Note:“尺素寸心”假如直译则不达，只好用对策。
广外英语翻译基础短语中英互译真题(2010-2016)
20101.CPPCC 政协2.UNESCO 联合国教科文组织3.ASEM 亚欧会议4.China-ASEAN Expo 中国东盟博览会5.SWOT analysis SWOT 分析法6.Global Sourcing 全球采购rmation Asymmetry 信息不对称8.Shanghai World Expo 上海世博会9.Innocent Presumption 无罪推论10.The Civil Law System 民法系统11.The Book of Rites 礼记12.Mencius 孟子13.Consecutive Interpreting 交传14.The House of Commons 众议院15. A Farewell To Arms 永别了，武器1.全国人民代表大会NPC2.外交部Foreign Ministry3.会展经济exhibition economy4.注册会计师certified public accountant5.次贷危机subprime crisis6.董事会board of directors7.中国证监会China Securities Regulatory Commission8.廉政公署ICAC (independent commission against corruption)9.暂行规定temporary provisions10.有罪推定presumption of guilt11.佛经翻译translation of Buddhist scripture12.百年老店century-old shop13.论语Analects of Confucius14.三国演义Romance of Three Kingdoms15.南方都市报Nanfang City News20111.UN Security Council 联合国安理会2.OPEC 石油输出国组织3.CPI 消费者价格指数4.International Herald Tribute 《国际先驱论坛报》5.CFO 首席财务官6.Assosiate Press 联合通讯社mon Law system 英美法系8.FIBA 国际篮球联合会9.Appeal Court 上诉法院10.Phrase Translation 短语翻译11.Liaision interpretation 联络口译12.For Whom the Bell Tolls 《丧钟为谁而鸣》13.capital venture 风险投资1.海关总署General Administration of Customs2.司法部Ministry of Justice3.中国红十字会Red Cross Society of China4.中国译协TAC5.大运会Universiade6.海基会即海峡交流基金会SEF：Straits Exchange Fundation7.经济适用房houses for low-income families8.国际惯例international practice9.民事诉讼civil action/civil proceedings/ civil procedure10.易经the Book of Changes11.儒林外史the scholars12.中美联合公报Sino-USA Joint Communique20121.Subprime mortgage crisis2.Christian Science Monitor3.SWOT analysis4.appeal court5.The Tale of Two Cities6.the China-US business council7.liaison interpretation8.World Heritage Organization9.Closed-circuit News Network10.Kyodo News Service11.Savings portfolio12.appeal court13.Summer Davos World Economic Forum cost-consciousness14.Strategic alignment1.广交会2.上海合作组织3.司法部4.国家发改委5.中国译协6.中国银监会7.亚运会8.创业板9.通胀压力10.市场定位11.三农问题12.零关税待遇13.民事诉讼14.孙子兵法15.史记20131.UNDP 联合国开发计划署（United Nations Development Program）2.Eurobond market 欧洲债权市场3.The Guardian 卫报4.Reuters 路透社5.Christian science monitor 基督教科学箴言报6.Zero-sum game 零和博弈；零和比赛；[数] 零和对策7.Savings portfolio 储蓄组合8.CSR 企业社会责任（Corporation Social Responsibility）9.Intentional homicide 故意杀人10.Criminal jurisprudence 刑法学11.Bring an indictment 提起公诉12.Global sourcing 全球采购13.The first-mover advantage 先发优势14.Healthcare interpreting 医疗口译15.The sound and the Fury 《喧哗与骚动》1.民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs2.水利部Mnistry of Water Resources3.对外贸易仲裁委员会foreign trade arbitration committee4.国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council5.中华全国工商联All China Federation of Industry and Commerce6.广外高翻学院Guangdong university of foreign studies college senior translation7.开场白opening remarks8.企业并购merger and acquisition9.农民工rural migrant workers in cities10.产学合作industry-academy cooperation11.居安思危be prepared for danger in times of safety12.生产销售假冒伪劣产品罪Production and sale of counterfeit and shoddy products13.公诉人public prosecutor14.《楚辞》The Songs of Chu15.字幕翻译subtitle translation20141.十八届三中全会2.国家民族事务委员会3.中国地震局4.主管部门5.玩忽职守6.徇私舞弊7.以…为把手8.国际会议口译员协会9.绿化覆盖面积10.行政问责制11.暂行规定12.一站式服务13.国际惯例14.得寸进尺15.《西厢记》1.National Council for US-China Trade2.Special United Nations Fund for Economic Development3.The Baltimore Sun4.court of first instance5.underwriting contract6.licensee of a patent7.China-EU maritime transport agreement8.venture capital9.The Great Depression10.strategic agility11.occupational health and safety12.low-end processingrmation asymmetry14.diamonds cut diamonds15.The Catcher in the Rye20151.民族凝聚力national cohesion/cohesiveness2.十八届四中全会the Fourth Plenary Session of the Communist Party of China\'s 18thCentral Committee3.综合国力comprehensive national power4.一站式服务one-stop service5.零和博弈zero-sum game6.费改税tax-for-fee7.廉租房low-rent housing8.暂住证Temporary Residential Permit9.货物吞吐量cargo throughput10.剩余劳动力surplus labor11.洲际轨道导弹inter-continental ballistic missile(ICBM)12.农田水利化bring most farmland under irrigation13.博士后研究员post-doctoral researcher14.申请注册域名domain name application and registration15.镇馆之宝treasure of the museum1.royalty rate 版税率2.income tax return 所得税申报表3.export tax refund 出口退税4.collegiate tribunal 合议审判庭5.consumer credit消费者信用度6.inflation-proof bank savings 保值储蓄7.mission statement 宗旨，使命陈述8.light literature 通俗文学9.consulate-general 总领事馆10.civic responsibility 公民责任11.deluxe suite 豪华套房12.relief supply 救灾物资13.Financial Times金融时报14.public service interpreting 公共服务口译15.merger and acquisition 企业并购20161.大众创业万众创新popular／mass entrepreneurship and innovation（出自2015年政府工作报告）2.中澳自贸协定Free Trade Agreement between the Government of Australia and theGovernment of the People‟s Republic of China3.一带一路the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road (the Beltand Road Initiative／the Land and Maritime Silk Road Initiative, B&R)4.城镇化urbanization5.世界反法西斯战争World's Anti-Fascist War (the Second World War)中国人民抗日战争China'sResistance Waragainst Japanese Aggression6.新常态New normal（出自2015年政府工作报告）7.命运共同体Community of Common Destiny8.经济发展快车道fast-track of economic growth（出自2015年政府工作报告）9.产能过剩overcapacity（出自2015年政府工作报告）10.多边贸易体系multilateral trading system11.千年发展目标the MillenniumDevelopmentGoals12.生态足迹Ecological Footprint13.董事总经理Managing Director14.商务部部长助理the assistant Minister of the Ministry of Commerce15.区域经济一体化regional economy integration1.United Nations Economic and Social Council联合国经济及社会理事会2.provice chancellor副校长3.the ASEAN Community (the Association Of Southeast Asian Nations)东南亚国家联盟共同体4.mutural but distinctive responsibility5.corrupt fugitive repatriation6.crowdfunding platform众筹平台7.global governance全球治理8.shale gas页岩气9.postdoctoral fellow博士后研究员10.social inclusiveness社会包容性11.multimodal transportation综合运输12.credit crunch信贷危机13.White House Chief of Staff白宫办公厅主任／白宫幕僚长14.The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine诺贝尔生理学或医学奖monwealth of Nations英联邦16.。
广外高翻学院口译课训练材料原文
Good evening everyone.It’s a very great honor and pleasure to be with you here in Donguan this evening and to pay tribute to this quite remarkable development which um… has left me amazed and impressed and desiring to return again to this wonderful place, thank you.I’d also like to tell you that for me um…China has a special place in my heart and in my family. My brother is actually married to a Chinese lady, a very wise choice. And my little boy, that’s Stuart, um… he is just seven years old, and he’s begun to study Chinese in his school back in London. So who knows, maybe in 40 years’ time he will come along and address you in perfect Chinese. But to the moment NIHAO is all I can say.Now, um… I would like to talk to you reasonably briefly and I understand we’re gonna to have time to take questions and answers, um.. so please feel free then to ask me any questions you want, I will be pleased trying to give you as good answers as I can.But I’d like to, in my remarks to you, address the… this question really, which is how do we develop our economy and society both in countries like this and in countries like mine so that we maximize the potential of our countries and our people.//And I believe there are a number of ways that we have to do this. The first is that we have to have the right partnership between government and business. And I would like to congratulate you, MR vice mayor and all those who are engaged in government in this province, for the very wise and intelligent way that you have partnered the private sector in the developments that have come about. I think that has made a big difference to this region. Thank you, Sir.I also believe that it is only when government and industry work together that we can deal with some of the major questions of planning and urban development that are so critical in making sure we are offering opportunities to everybody in our society, not simply a few.The biggest problem in any modern country today is how do we ensure that the benefits of the wealth that we create are spread amongst the whole of the population. And, in order to do that, we need the closest possible cooperation between those who work in government and those who work in business. I have to… seeing Mr. Chen’s amazing development just a short distance from here, to which congratulations, err…it’s an incredible achievement. But I know that that could not have been done unless with the right cooperation and partnership between those in positions of government and those like yourself who are entrepreneurs. So that’s the first thing, the partnership between public and private sector. //The second thing is the importance of education. I think for all our countries today, the thing that we can do most is to build the knowledge and capability of our people. In every one of our societies, at the moment, there are people of talent and ability. But unless they get the education opportunities that they need, they will never be able to fulfill that opportunity properly. I would like to think in years to come, that there would be partnerships, for example, between the universities and scientific institutes in a country like the UK. And how you develop your university sector and science here? I think for Europe, there is much much more that we can do, to try to make sure that Europe and China work more closely together in developing the knowledgeeconomy of the future.The third thing is that, I think, we need to pay attention to scientific and technological development. And we need to make sure that we are always trying to get to the next phase of innovation and development. I found in my life just over the ten years that I was prime minister of the United Kingdom that the pace and scope and the scale of change was so fast and the scientific development altering so quickly that governments and companies and people constantly have to upgrade their skills, have to retrain, have to find the new frontiers of knowledge and explore them. And I think today, more than anything else, it would be education that is the key to the success or failure of our countries and our economies. //And finally, what we need to do is to pay attention, as we develop our economy, to the environment. This is a concern now everywhere in the world. How do we make sure that the development that we have is sustainable, that it is responsible, that it pays attention to the needs of the environment, to the needs to curb pollution, and provide better quality of life for our people, at the same time must give them the growth and the jobs and prosperity that they need. So these questions are right at the heart of how successful countries develop today: the partnership between public and private sector, the education and knowledge economy of the future, the development of science and technology, and ensuring that as we develop, we pay attention to the environment around us. I think these would be the big questions that dominate economic development here but also right around the world.One other thing I think that is important: we can learn a lot from each other. It’s true that in your economic development, you can learn from Europe, and countries like the UK, that we can also learn from some of the extraordinary developments that are occurring here. 20 years ago, I went to Guangzhou and visited that for the first time. And I suspect 20 years ago, this was a very very different city here. In that period of time, there has been virtually a revolution in terms of the change and transformation to the wonderful place that we have here today. And that came about because people had the leadership and the vision and the foresight to make the changes necessary to bring it about. And if I had any single lesson from my time as leader of my political party but also as prime minister of my country is this: change is the most difficult thing to do, but in today’s world, the most necessary. And the more we are prepared to open up, the more we are prepared to learn from each other, the more we are prepared to embrace the world of globalization and understand its impact, then the better we will be at dealing with its consequences.And I found in my time as leader of my country that every time I had a difficult decision to make about change, and I failed to make the change, I regretted it; and every time I managed to make the change, it was difficult and tough and hard and people objected to it, but in the end it was the right thing to do for the country. And you know it, as business people and as people involved in government, there is nothing harder than to persuade people of the need to change. But my experience has been that persuading them of that need and then doing the change is about as important as active leadership as is possible to imagine. So, it wasn’t always easy, it never is, but I think it’s necessary to do. I suppose, as a leader, you should always expect the unexpected.//I think if you told me, 20 years ago, when probably I traveled through here on my way further north, and it was virtually nothing that would have been here recognizable today, if you said to me then, in 20 years time, you would be in this extraordinary ball room, in this amazing hotel, in the middle of this wonderful development, I would have said: you may have a little too much wine. But I am here, and I am here in part because of what I heard about Dongguan, what I know your future is gonna be, what I can see happening here is as exciting in its possibilities as anything happening in the world today. And you should be very proud of what you’ve created. And then you should ask, what is the next step? How do we reach the next level? Because one other thing I learned at my time as leader, which is never be satisfied with standing still. By all means congratulate yourself on the success that has been achieved, but then think of the next goal, the next objective, the next thing that can be done. And I think you carry that attitude in mind, and carry it with optimism, that what you believe you want to do you can actually do, then I think the possibilities are without limit. There is nothing that you cannot achieve.So it’s a real honor and privilege to be with you here this evening to say these few words of introduction and now to engage in question and answer with you. And above all else, let me thank you for the warmth of your welcome here today. Thousands of miles from my home, it means a very great deal to me. And I shall carry back to my family the most happy memory of my visit here, of your kindness and your warmth, and the good welcome that you have given me. And I shall be telling my people back in Britain: forget all these other places, get out to Dongguan, because that’s where it’s happening. Thank you.。
广东外语外贸大学高级翻译学院高级英汉汉英口译课件5
The combination of China’s potential market with foreign advanced technology and capital will create/produce/generate many opportunities for development.
屁股坐下来，张口喘气。
英语兼语式的表达
1.综合型 1) 使役意义的单纯词 2) 加缀法 2.分析型 V+O+C
汉语兼语式的表达
1.使役意义的谓语动词 eg. 使、让、嘱咐、命令、请(求)、(劝)告 2. 情感意义的谓语动词 eg. 喜欢、讨厌、感谢、嫌 3. 感官动作的谓语动词 eg. 看见、听见、闻到
into the hinterland with a prolonged war.
Examples Analysis
我早就想亲眼看一看你们美丽的国家。 I longed to see your beautiful country
with my own eyes.
Examples Analysis
汉英谓语对比
Comparing Western and Chinese
Philosophies:
Western: Binary opposition between the subject and
object.（物我两分） The subject and its narration form a complete
广外高翻学院专题口译训练材料
广外高翻学院专题口译训练材料Full text of the remarks by Craig Barrett, Intel Corporate Chairman at Sun Yat-sen University Well, distinguished faculty, students, it is a pleasure to be on any university campus, but to be on the university site with so many students in such a large university is indeed a pleasure. today I wanted to briefly talk about the world as a whole and then come down and talk a little bit about China, and then a little bit about university and then a little bit about you as students and what you might expect going forward.If you look at the world as a whole I think there are two major changes that have taken place in last ten years and have influenced all of our futures. E rr…The first is that practically every country in the world now is part of the world free economic system, part of the world free trade system as others say, easy interchange of goods and services between most countries. And this is a major change from where we were only a few years ago. Err…About half of the world’s population has joined the free economic system in the last ten years, China is included, India, Russia, Eastern Europe, some of Latin America. So there has been a major change in the world free economic structure, which means that if you are in any one country, you can deal with any other country, especially in goods and services and ideas which are knowledge based.// The other change that has taken place in the last ten years is associated with technology and the Internet. Today it’s very easy to communicate between any two spots on the earth. It is very inexpensive to do so, such as you can transfer knowledge, transfer information and communicate anywhere in the world today for almost nothing. And if you take these twomajor changes together, what it means is, eh there’s great op portunity in the world as well as great competition. And the competition is what drives us and the opportunity is what drives us. And so every country has to accommodate this change. Every country has to accommodate in its economy this new competition and this new opportunity. So if you look at what countries can do, eh, they can really only do three things for their citizens to make them more competitive going forward. One of the things they can do is the reason you are here at this university. They can provide you good education, and generally standard of living goes directly with education level, so the higher the education level within the country, the greater the opportunity for standard living, the greater the opportunity for economic competitiveness. So providing an education to the whole citizenry is very important.//The second thing that any country can do is in fact to invest in research and development. Research and development creates ideas for the future. And ideas create new products, new services, new companies. So we need to invest in research and development and just as the standard of living of any country is directly related to the education level of the workforce, refine the standard of living and the economic competitiveness of any country is usually related to its investment in research and development. And obviously China has recognized both of these characteristics with a great emphasis on education in the last decade. And the more recent emphasis on increasing and expanding the research and development.The third thing that any country can do is in fact to create an environment that allows smart people, well-educated people to come together with smart ideas, generated from research anddevelopment and create new products, new companies, new services, new economic growth. So the government, the central government of any country can focus on education, research and development in creating an environment to allow people to be successful and an environment that allows entrepreneurs to succeed. And increasingly we see this sort of entrepreneurial spirit here in China. My company happens to be the largest high-tech venture capital investor in the world. Andincreasingly we see more and more high tech venture capital investments made here in China. It used to be ten years ago those investment were predominantly made in the United States. Now only but 50% of those investments are made in the United States. About 50% are made here in Asia. So those are the three things that any country can do, education, research and development and setting the environment. //By the way, companies are not much different than countries. If you look at our company the three things that we focus on to be successful, our hiring the best and brightest in the world, well-educated people, investing a large amount of money in research and development to create the next generation of products, and then providing an environment for our researchers to be successful, to bring their ideas into the market place. So company like Intel or any major successful multinational company today does exactly the same sort of thing that central governments do, trying to promote their competitiveness.Now you might also then ask what should the individual do? If the world has changed and t he world is much smaller today than it used to be, if there’s much more competition for jobs, if countries are focusing on education, on research and development and on right environment or atmosphere, whatshould the individual do? And I have a few just comments for you as individuals going forward. Obviously the reason you are here is to get the best education that you possibly can achieve. And I always recommend to young students that you get the best education you can. That is the best foundation you can have. But once you do that, I think you should recognize that your education has a relatively short half-life. What you learn at the university may be out of date in a few years. So you have to convince yourself that you are going to continuously learn after you leave the university. And you have to continuously learn in your professional life as you go forward. So you never stop learning, you never have the opportunity to stop learning. You must continue the learning as you go forward. //I’ve a few othe r pieces of advice for you as well. One of them is even doing your education but perhaps more importantly as you start to work in your professional career, is never being afraid to ask the question why. If you’re going to solve problems, if you’re going to figure out how to be successful, how to create new things, you always have to ask the question why about five times. Quite often when you’re approaching a problem, the first explanation of the problem you will receive from other people is very shallow. It doesn’t get to the root cause or the fundamentals of the problem. And you can’t be afraid to ask why several times. And I tell all of our employees in Intel to always ask why, why, why. I also like to tell students when they are dealing with their profess ors to always ask their professors why as well. Don’t accept things directly, if you don’t understand them, don’t be afraid to ask why several times because that’s the o nly way you will totaly fully understand the problem.You also obviously need to under stand that the problems you will solve as you’re going to the outside world, outside of universities are generally very complex problems. They are not simple problems li ke you’re given a homework or assignments in class. For example, if you’re in an integrated circuit distance, such as we are in Intel, and you want to solve the problems associated with the next generation of technology, how you go from 65 nm to 45 nm to 30 nm to make these ever smaller transistors. There are usually two or three hundred variables involved in solving that problem. And it’s a very complex experimentation to solve that problem. And you have to get used to these very very complex problems as oppose to very simple problems that have a definitive answer. And when you do this obviously you need to collect a large amount of data, and make data based decisions. So getting used to complex problems and getting used to handling large amounts of data I think is very very critical as you go forward.//I might point out that having read a little bit about your university on the foundation principles for your university, if I understand them correctly.博学、审问、慎思、明辨、笃行That Sun Yat Sen in 1924 when he founded the university basically said to “study extensively”, I think that means to get the best education you possibly can.I have to put my glasses on to read the rest of this. Excuse me.But “inquire accurately”, this means to collect data and ask why several ti mes. To “reflect carefully”, make decisions on complex problems, “discriminate clearly” or make clear decisions when you’re moving forward, and then to “practice earnestly”, practice earnestly might mean that you have tocontinue to educate yourself as you go forward.So I think the five basic foundations of this university described in 1924, some 80 years ago, line up precisely with what I am trying to tell you today, which is to get the best possible education that you can, to continue to study, continue to learn, to ask why about things that you don’t understand, to recognize that you have complex problems to solve, and that you need to spend an immense amount of data to achieve these results. //There’s one other issue that I would like to suggest which is very important to you going forward. That’s never to underestimate the value of a single idea. The single idea can have great value in the market place going forward. And I will use as a very simple example, the case of Microsoft, the largest software company in the world. And if you look at the challenges that Microsoft has had in th e last ten or twenty years, there’ve been three major challenges to Microsoft. And they have each come from a single idea, from essentially a single person in the university environment. These challenges to Microsoft have not come from large corporations like IBM and other corporations investing large amounts of money. They’ve come from single ideas in universities. You can go back to Netscape which was really an university experimentation on the browser to the Internet. You can go to Yahoo, which was an idea created at Stanford University basically on how to access, all of the companies were associated with the Internet or you can go to Google, that search engine, which in fact was a single idea also created to try to analyze all of the information on the Internet. And the three major challenges that Microsoft has had have all come from ideas in the university environment, not from othercompanies. So please never underestimate the value of an idea created in the university environment; it can have great practical and commercial significance.I do want to mention one other observation that I have made in my career at Intel. And that observation actually comes from a fortune cookie. As you know in California in Silicon Valley we have a large number of, of engineers from China, from other Asian countries and there are a lot of Chinese restaurants. And my favorite restaurant in Silicon Valley is called Cha Chu. And I was there about five years ago and after diner I opened my fortune cookie. And the fortune said very simply, the world will always accept talents with open arms. And talent is defined as people who can do things and people who know things. Talent is defined as people who have a good education. And the message in that fortune cookie is if you study at this university and you get the best education that you can, the world will accept you with open arms.So let me conclude my prepared remarks with that comment: get the best education you can, never be afraid to ask why, and always deal with data when you are trying to make complex decisions. Thank you and I’ll be happy to answer any questions that you might have.。
广东外语外贸大学高级翻译学院高级英汉汉英口译课件7
Examples Analysis
中国幅员辽阔，自然资源丰富，廉价劳 动力充裕，税收低，消费者市场不断增 长，基础设施不断完善。 China boasts vast territory, abundant natural resources, rich inexpensive labour, low taxation, a growing consumer market and improving infrastructure.
English language – noun advantage in usage
Dynamic vs. Stative
eg. He is a chain-smoker of cigarettes. (stative) He smokes cigarettes one after another. (dynamic) There are white clouds in the blue sky. (stative) White clouds are floating in the blue sky. (dynamic)
Two Reasons:
1) Lack of prepositions and no particles at all in Chinese. 2) Chronicle style in Chinese vs. Architectural style in English
Chinese language – verb advantage in usage
English: noun advantage high frequency of noun usage stative narration
广东外语外贸大学高级翻译学院高级英汉汉英口译课件2
Vowels and Consonants
English – simple structure more logical strict forms conception-centred, straightforward, ‘masculine’ Chinese – greater varieties different levels of vowels relatively loose forms apperception-centred, beautified, ‘feminine’
Linguistic Functions of Chinese Tones
1.辨义功能（摊子，坛子，毯子，探子） 2.构形功能（和气，一唱一和，好人，好客） 3.分界功能（声调－声调，音节－音节） 4.修辞功能（翻江倒海，高谈阔论，风平浪 静，山青水秀）
Linguistic Functions of English Intonations
Examples Analysis
对于我本人和我的代表团成员来说，这是一个 愉快而难忘的时刻。我接受阁下的邀请前来 前来访 前来 问你们伟大的国家，这使我们有极好的机会重 重 叙旧情，并结交新朋 结交新朋。 叙旧情 结交新朋 This is a happy and memorable occasion for me personally and the members of my delegation. In accepting Your Excellency’s gracious invitation to visit this great county, it has provided us an excellent opportunity to renew old friendships and establish new contacts.
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Full text of the remarks by Craig Barrett, Intel Corporate Chairman at Sun Yat-sen University Well, distinguished faculty, students, it is a pleasure to be on any university campus, but to be on the university site with so many students in such a large university is indeed a pleasure. today I wanted to briefly talk about the world as a whole and then come down and talk a little bit about China, and then a little bit about university and then a little bit about you as students and what you might expect going forward.If you look at the world as a whole I think there are two major changes that have taken place in last ten years and have influenced all of our futures. Err…The first is that practically every country in the world now is part of the world free economic system, part of the world free trade system as others say, easy interchange of goods and services between most countries. And this is a major change from where we were only a few years ago. Err…About half of the world’s population has joined the free economic system in the last ten years, China is included, India, Russia, Eastern Europe, some of Latin America. So there has been a major change in the world free economic structure, which means that if you are in any one country, you can deal with any other country, especially in goods and services and ideas which are knowledge based.// The other change that has taken place in the last ten years is associated with technology and the Internet. Today it’s very easy to communicate between any two spots on the earth. It is very inexpensive to do so, such as you can transfer knowledge, transfer information and communicate anywhere in the world today for almost nothing. And if you take these two major changes together, what it means is, eh there’s great op portunity in the world as well as great competition. And the competition is what drives us and the opportunity is what drives us. And so every country has to accommodate this change. Every country has to accommodate in its economy this new competition and this new opportunity. So if you look at what countries can do, eh, they can really only do three things for their citizens to make them more competitive going forward. One of the things they can do is the reason you are here at this university. They can provide you good education, and generally standard of living goes directly with education level, so the higher the education level within the country, the greater the opportunity for standard living, the greater the opportunity for economic competitiveness. So providing an education to the whole citizenry is very important.//The second thing that any country can do is in fact to invest in research and development. Research and development creates ideas for the future. And ideas create new products, new services, new companies. So we need to invest in research and development and just as the standard of living of any country is directly related to the education level of the workforce, refine the standard of living and the economic competitiveness of any country is usually related to its investment in research and development. And obviously China has recognized both of these characteristics with a great emphasis on education in the last decade. And the more recent emphasis on increasing and expanding the research and development.The third thing that any country can do is in fact to create an environment that allows smart people, well-educated people to come together with smart ideas, generated from research and development and create new products, new companies, new services, new economic growth. So the government, the central government of any country can focus on education, research and development in creating an environment to allow people to be successful and an environment that allows entrepreneurs to succeed. And increasingly we see this sort of entrepreneurial spirit here in China. My company happens to be the largest high-tech venture capital investor in the world. Andincreasingly we see more and more high tech venture capital investments made here in China. It used to be ten years ago those investment were predominantly made in the United States. Now only but 50% of those investments are made in the United States. About 50% are made here in Asia. So those are the three things that any country can do, education, research and development and setting the environment. //By the way, companies are not much different than countries. If you look at our company the three things that we focus on to be successful, our hiring the best and brightest in the world, well-educated people, investing a large amount of money in research and development to create the next generation of products, and then providing an environment for our researchers to be successful, to bring their ideas into the market place. So company like Intel or any major successful multinational company today does exactly the same sort of thing that central governments do, trying to promote their competitiveness.Now you might also then ask what should the individual do? If the world has changed and t he world is much smaller today than it used to be, if there’s much more competition for jobs, if countries are focusing on education, on research and development and on right environment or atmosphere, what should the individual do? And I have a few just comments for you as individuals going forward. Obviously the reason you are here is to get the best education that you possibly can achieve. And I always recommend to young students that you get the best education you can. That is the best foundation you can have. But once you do that, I think you should recognize that your education has a relatively short half-life. What you learn at the university may be out of date in a few years. So you have to convince yourself that you are going to continuously learn after you leave the university. And you have to continuously learn in your professional life as you go forward. So you never stop learning, you never have the opportunity to stop learning. You must continue the learning as you go forward. //I’ve a few othe r pieces of advice for you as well. One of them is even doing your education but perhaps more importantly as you start to work in your professional career, is never being afraid to ask the question why. If you’re going to solve problems, if you’re going to figure out how to be successful, how to create new things, you always have to ask the question why about five times. Quite often when you’re approaching a problem, the first explanation of the problem you will receive from other people is very shallow. It doesn’t get to the root cause or the fundamentals of the problem. And you can’t be afraid to ask why several times. And I tell all of our employees in Intel to always ask why, why, why. I also like to tell students when they are dealing with their profess ors to always ask their professors why as well. Don’t accept things directly, if you don’t understand them, don’t be afraid to ask why several times because that’s the only way you will totaly fully understand the problem.You also obviously need to under stand that the problems you will solve as you’re going to the outside world, outside of universities are generally very complex problems. They are not simple problems like you’re given a homework or assignments in class. For example, if you’re in an integrated circuit distance, such as we are in Intel, and you want to solve the problems associated with the next generation of technology, how you go from 65 nm to 45 nm to 30 nm to make these ever smaller transistors. There are usually two or three hundred variables involved in solving that problem. And it’s a very complex experimentation to solve that problem. And you have to get used to these very very complex problems as oppose to very simple problems that have a definitive answer. And when you do this obviously you need to collect a large amount of data,and make data based decisions. So getting used to complex problems and getting used to handling large amounts of data I think is very very critical as you go forward.//I might point out that having read a little bit about your university on the foundation principles for your university, if I understand them correctly.博学、审问、慎思、明辨、笃行That Sun Yat Sen in 1924 when he founded the university basically said to “study extensively”, I think that means to get the best education you possibly can.I have to put my glasses on to read the rest of this. Excuse me.But “inquire accurately”, this means to collect data and ask why several times. To “reflect carefully”, make decisions on complex problems, “discriminate clearly” or make clear decisions when you’re moving forward, and then to “practice earnestly”, practice earnestly might mean that you have to continue to educate yourself as you go forward.So I think the five basic foundations of this university described in 1924, some 80 years ago, line up precisely with what I am trying to tell you today, which is to get the best possible education that you can, to continue to study, continue to learn, to ask why about things that you don’t understand, to recognize that you have complex problems to solve, and that you need to spend an immense amount of data to achieve these results. //There’s one other issue that I would like to suggest which is very important to you going forward. That’s never to underestimate the value of a single idea. The single idea can have great value in the market place going forward. And I will use as a very simple example, the case of Microsoft, the largest software company in the world. And if you look at the challenges that Microsoft has had in th e last ten or twenty years, there’ve been three major challenges to Microsoft. And they have each come from a single idea, from essentially a single person in the university environment. These challenges to Microsoft have not come from large corporations like IBM and other corporations investing large amounts of money. They’ve come from single ideas in universities. You can go back to Netscape which was really an university experimentation on the browser to the Internet. You can go to Yahoo, which was an idea created at Stanford University basically on how to access, all of the companies were associated with the Internet or you can go to Google, that search engine, which in fact was a single idea also created to try to analyze all of the information on the Internet. And the three major challenges that Microsoft has had have all come from ideas in the university environment, not from other companies. So please never underestimate the value of an idea created in the university environment; it can have great practical and commercial significance.I do want to mention one other observation that I have made in my career at Intel. And that observation actually comes from a fortune cookie. As you know in California in Silicon Valley we have a large number of, of engineers from China, from other Asian countries and there are a lot of Chinese restaurants. And my favorite restaurant in Silicon Valley is called Cha Chu. And I was there about five years ago and after diner I opened my fortune cookie. And the fortune said very simply, the world will always accept talents with open arms. And talent is defined as people who can do things and people who know things. Talent is defined as people who have a good education. And the message in that fortune cookie is if you study at this university and you get the best education that you can, the world will accept you with open arms.So let me conclude my prepared remarks with that comment: get the best education you can, never be afraid to ask why, and always deal with data when you are trying to make complex decisions. Thank you and I’ll be happy to answer any questions that you might have.。