it用作形式宾语的四个特殊句式

it用作形式宾语的四个特殊句式

当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移至句末，此时it仍只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”。如：

I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。

I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。

We think it no use complaining. 我们认为抱怨是没有用的。

I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English.（我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。）He makes it a rule never to borrow money.（他立志决不向别人借钱。）

I think it no need talking about it with them.（我认为没必要跟他们谈。）

We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.

He felt it important to learn English well.

They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.

能这样用的动词有：think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为"6123结构"。

6指主句中常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel；

1指的是形式宾语it；

2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；

3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。

但是，以下几种用it作形式宾语的句型比较特殊，同学们需引起注意（同时它们也是高考的常考考点）：

1. 动词+ it + that-从句。如：

I take it (that) he will come on time. 我认为他会准时来的。

You can put it that it was arranged before. 你可以说这是以前安排的。

Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign. 据传闻，国防部长不久就要辞职。

说明：能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有have, take, put等。

2. 动词+ it + when (if)-从句。某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate ，dislike, appreciate, prefer等，往往不能直接接宾语从句，如：

I like it that you came. 你来了，我很高兴。

I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。

We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。

I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作，好就太好了。

3. 动词+ prep + it + that-从句。that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语。如：

Se e to it that you’re not late again. 注意千万不要再迟到。

Look to it that this doesn’t happen again. 注意不要再发生这种事。

I can’t answer for it that he will come. 我不能保证他会来。

You may rely on it that he’ll come to meet you. 你放心，他会来接你的。

You may depend on it that we shall always help you.（尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。）

Would you see to it that she gets home early?（你负责保证她早到家，好吗？）

He insisted on it that he was innocent.（他坚持说自己是无辜的。）

说明：能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer for 等。

4. 动词+ it + 介词短语+ that-从句。由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it。如：

I owe it to you that I am still alive. 多亏有你我才仍然活着。

I took it for granted that he would help us. 我认为他会帮助我们的。

I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it.（我让你自己判断这事是否该做。）We owe it to you that there wasn’t a seri ous accident.（多亏了你才没有发生严重事故。）

说明：能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有take it for granted, bring it to sb’s attention, owe it to sb , keep it in mind that…等。

5. 动词+it + as + 名词、形容词、从句

The lecture takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.

能用于此句型中的动词有：accept, regard, take, see, view等

试比较下列高考题，选出最佳答案：

1. Is _______ necessary to complete the design before National Day? (MET89)

A. this

B. that

C. it

D. he

2. I don’t think _______ possible to master a foreign language without muc h memory work.

A. this

B. that

C. its

D. it

3. Does _______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?

A. this

B. that

C. he

D. it

4. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _______ didn’t help.

A. he

B. which

C. she

D. it

5. _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

A. There

B. This

C. That

D. It

6. I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full.

A. it

B. that

C. these

D. them

7. Don’t _______ that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be the most successful.

A. take as granted

B. take this for granted

C. take that for granted

D. take it for granted

8. I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.

A. this

B. that

C. it

D. one

(2005全国卷3)13. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _______ didn’t help. A. it B. she C. which D. he 代词

(2005全国卷1)35. The chairman thought necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting . A. that B. it C. this D. him 代词

(2006浙江卷)4. _______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. A. As B. That C. This D. It

(2006山东卷)24. I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.

A. that

B. it

C. this

D. you

___ felt funny watching myself on TV. (2007全国卷II)

A. One

B. This

C. It

D. That