三维DSA与二维DSA在颅内动脉瘤诊疗中应用价值的比较参考模板
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三维DSA与二维DSA在颅内动脉瘤诊疗中应
用价值的比较
【摘要】目的探讨三维数字减影血管造影(3D DSA)在颅内动脉瘤诊疗中的价值及其与二维数字减影血管造影(2D DSA)相比的优势。方法对53例因蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)入院而CT疑诊为颅内动脉瘤的患者同时进行2D DSA和3D DSA检查,分别阅片并记录动脉瘤的检出情况、瘤颈显示情况、瘤体与载瘤动脉的关系及对比剂用量和X线照射剂量,对其结果进行比较分析。结果 53例患者中2D DSA诊断46例共49枚动脉瘤,占84.5%(49/58),诊断的阳性率为86.8%(46/53),灵敏度为92%,特异度为81.8%;3D DSA诊断50例共58枚动脉瘤,占100%(58/58),诊断的阳性率为94.3%(50/53),灵敏度和特异度均为100%。2D DSA检出的动脉瘤中,清楚显示瘤颈者23枚,清楚显示瘤体与载瘤动脉关系者22枚;3D DSA 组清楚显示瘤颈者58枚,清楚显示瘤体与载瘤动脉关系者56枚(P <0.05)。53例患者行2D DSA检查平均所接受的辐射剂量及对比剂用量分别为(178.32±17.39) mGy和(74.57±11.95)mL,行3D DSA 检查则为(99.81±9.48)mGy和(54.15±7.05)mL(P<0.05)。结论 3D DSA能更清晰地显示瘤颈及瘤体与载瘤动脉的关系,提供血管内治疗的最佳工作角度,并能明显减少造影剂的用量和X线辐射剂量,提高了放射防护的安全性。
【关键词】颅内动脉瘤;成像,三维;脑血管造影术
To evaluate 3D digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and 2D DSA in diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms. Method Both 3D DSA and 2D DSA were performed on 53 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) suspected as cerebra1 aneurysms by CT. Results In the 2D DSA group, the accurate rate, positive rate, sensitivity and specificity were respectively 84.5% (49/58), 86.8%(46/53), 92%, and 81.8%. In the 3D DSA group, the accurate rate and positive rate were 100%(58/58) and 94.3%(50/53), and the sensitivity and specificity were both 100%. By 2D DSA, 23 cases of neck of the aneurysm were clearly shown, and 22 cases displayed the source vessel, however, by 3D DSA, 58 cases of neck of the aneurysm and 56 cases of source vessels were clearly shown, the difference between 2D and 3D DSA was significant(P<0.05). The mean radiation dose and contrast medium of 2D DSA were (178.32±17.39) mGy and (74.57±11.95)mL, while those of 3D DSA were (99.81±9.48) mGy and (54.15±7.05) mL, the difference between the two groups was also significant(P<0.05). Conclusions The neck of the aneurysm and source vessel are clearer in 3D DSA than in 2D DSA,also the radiation and contrast medium doses are much lower in 3D
DSA than in 2D DSA.
Key words: Intracranial aneurysm; Imaging, three dimensional; Cerebral angiography
颅内动脉瘤(intracranial aneurysm, ICA)破裂出血是一类凶险的疾病,致残率和死亡率均较高[1]。数字减影血管造影(DSA)被视为诊断颅内血管疾病的“金标准”,但对复杂的血管解剖结构,常规的二维数字减影血管造影(2D DSA)很难提供完整的诊断信息,而三维数字减影血管造影(3D DSA)在颅内动脉瘤瘤颈及瘤体与载瘤动脉关系的显示、小动脉瘤的确诊及巨大动脉瘤瘤腔内有无“危险”动脉穿支的辨别方面均较2D DSA有明显优势。本研究旨在通过对3D DSA 与2D DSA动脉瘤检出率、瘤体细节解剖结构、对比剂用量及X线照射剂量的比较分析,探讨3D DSA在颅内动脉瘤诊疗中的价值。
l 资料与方法
1.1 临床资料
自2006年3月至2007年2月,选择因蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)疑诊为颅内动脉瘤的53例患者行常规2D DSA后再行旋转DSA并三维重建。其中男31例,女22例,37~72岁,平均56.8岁。临床有
间断或突发头痛、单侧动眼神经麻痹等表现,CT扫描高度怀疑脑血管性疾病。
1.2 仪器设备
采用Philips公司生产的Allura Xper FD20数字平板血管造影机,X线球管和平板探测器可围绕患者体轴做等中心旋转,最大旋转范围305°,C臂旋转速度55°/s。DSA 全视野采集,2?048×2?048矩阵,14?bit高分辨率图像采集。3?D局部重建,512×512矩阵。
1.3 检查方法
① 2D DSA检查:局麻下经股动脉Seldinger法穿刺插管,先行常规正、侧位和斜位颈内动脉和椎动脉造影(即行2D DSA)。注射对比剂(欧乃派克,300?mgI/mL)参数为4~5?mL/s,总量为9~10?mL;② 3D DSA检查:将C臂围绕人体头部纵轴进行2次旋转采集,分别获得蒙片数据和造影数据;同时将2次旋转采集的数据连续向三维工作站(Advantage Workstation 4.0)传输。具体技术参数如下:C臂的旋转角度为207°,速度40°/s,影像采集频率8.8幅/s,对比剂总量15~20?mL,注射速度3~4?mL/s。旋转采集的影像数据在3?min内传送到AW4.0工作站,5?min内可得到重建图像。采用最大密度投影法(maximum intensity projection,MIP)、表面阴影成像(surface shaded display,SSD)、容积再现技术(volume rendering,VRT)、仿真内窥镜技术(virtual angioscopy,VA)等。