复合句定语从句
高考英语容词性从句(定语从句)(复合句考查的重点).doc
[教育资源网] 百万教学资源，完全免费，无须注册，天天更新！形容词性从句（定语从句）（复合句考查的重点）定语从句是主要用来修饰它前面的先行词（名词或代词）的从句，所以又称形容词从句。
根据与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
定语从句主要考查引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词；介词＋关系代词以及非限制性定语从句。
具体考点如下：考点一：引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）和关系副词(as, when, where, why)等。
但是当下列情况出现时，对引导词有特殊要求。
1.指物只能用 that不用which 的情况1).当先行词是不定代词时,如:all, little, much, none, one, everyone, something, anything, everything, nothing 等。
2).当先行词被the only, the very, the same, little, few, no, 等修饰时。
3).当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
4).在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中。
5)当定语从句为there be 句型时，关系代词只能用that,也可以省略。
This is the fastest train (that) there is to Beijing.6).当主句是以which 或 who 开头的特殊疑问句时，关系代词只能用 that。
Who is the girl that is talking with Mr. Brown？7).如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时，关系代词用that。
We are talking about the people and countries that we have visited.8).当先行词在定语从句中做表语时，关系代词只能用that,也可以省略。
复合句 定语从句(考点三)
复合句考点三定语从句要点梳理定语从句是用做定语的从句。
一般放在它所修饰名词或代词的后面，这个名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的连接词称为关系代词或者关系副词。
关系代词在从句中代表先行词可以作主语、宾语和定语等。
关系副词代表先行词可以在从句中作状语。
2.引导词that 作宾语时可以省略。
引导词that在定语从句中作主语是，不能省略。
例如：（1）Have you seen the book ______ I gave you yesterday? (作__语)（2）The dictionary _____ is on the desk is mine. (作__语)3.使用关系副词应该注意下列几点：以下三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构。
（1）when = on (in, at, during….) + which.例如：I was in Beijing on the day ______( on which) he arrived.（2）where =in(at, on …) + which例如：The office ______(in which) he works is on the third floor.（3）why = for whichThis is the chief reason _____(for which) we did it.4.关系代词只能用that 的情况。
（1）先行词既包括人又包括物时。
The writer and his novel_______ you have just talked about are really well known .你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名（2）先行词贝序数词、形容词最高级以及the only, the very, the same, the last, little,few 等词修饰时。
That is one of the most interesting books ______are sold in the bookshop .The first thing ______we should do is to get some food .（3）先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, something, anything, none, the one 等不定代词时。
主从复合句 定语从句
主从复合句定语从句由关系代词带起的关系从句--------------------------------------------------------------------------------请先复习一下关系代词，再往下看：句式：主句中的名词或代词+ 由关系代词带起的关系从句Ich moechte einen Wagen, der nicht zu viel Benzin verbraucht._____ ___________________________________|_____| 来说明什么样的 Wagen例子：Ich moechte einen Wagen, der nicht zu viel Benzin verbraucht.我想有辆不太费油的车，Ich kauf e das Buch, das im Schauf enst er liegt.我买展窗里放的那本书。
Alle loben die Verkaeuf erin, deren Arbeit jedem Kunden gef aellt.大家都表扬那位女售货员，她的工作每个顾客都满意。
注意：wegen, um...willen 与关系代词连用时，应写成：dessentwegen umdessentwillenderentwegen umderentwillenDie Angelegenheit, derentwegen er gekommen war, hatte sich bereits erledigt. 他为此事而来，但事情已经解决了。
表语es后的关系从句，关系代词的性，数应与主句主语一致：Er ist es, der mich aergert.他是若我生气的人。
使用welcher (welche, welches)是为了避免与句子中的冠词相混：Die Firma, welche die modernen Maschinen ausfuehrt, ist weltbekannt.= Die Firma, die die modernen Maschinen ausfuehrt, ist weltbekannt.那家出口新机器的公司是世界闻名的。
复合句之定语从句
汉语中定语的概念：
1.在汉语中，定语常由形容词、数量词、名词、代词 充当。也可由其他词或短语充当。定语用来修饰主 语和宾语。
例如：1.(暖和的)阳光照着(平静的)湖水。（形容词作定语）
2.我给大家讲（一个）故事。（数量词作定语） 3.（今天）的报纸看过吗？ （名词作定语） 4.（我们的）历史有（自己的）特点。（代词作定语）
What are you doing？
你在干什么啊？
I’m writing letters. My teacher taught me today! 我在写信,老师今天教我的。
Really？What
are you writing?
真的啊？你在写些什么呢？
I don’t know.The teacher haven’t taught me how to read!我不知道。老师还没教我怎么阅读。
作定语
2. which, that ，指物
which 作定语从句的主语或宾语.
可省略
This is a truck which / that is made in
China.
作主语
I like the book (which / that) you bought
yesterday.
作宾语
3.只能用that的情况:
Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.
This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.
① 序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时
I’ve read all the books that you lend me.
复合句定语从句
复合句——定语从句1.Mary is a beautiful girl. 形容词作定语Mary is a girl who has long hair. 句子作定语,修饰girl, 叫做定语从句先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词when, why, wherewho, what,that, whom,whose在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
定语从句的基本结构：主句（包括先行词）+ 关系词+ 定语从句。
其中对关系词的考查是中考重要的考点。
关系词作用：1.代替先行词;２．它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分;3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。
（把主句和从句连起来）关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。
关系词判断步骤 :首先，要看先行词。
如果先行词是指人,关系代词可用 who,that,whom,whose。
如果先行词指物,关系代词可用which或that;然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。
请看下表最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致. 注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。
The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother.①定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。
引导词充当成分先行词关系代词that 主语、宾语人、物who 主语、宾语人whom 宾语人which 主语、宾语物whose 定语（后须接名词）人、物关系副词when状语时间where 地点why 原因②当关系代词which, that, whom在定语从句中作宾语时，也可以省略。
③在一般情况下，关系代词that和which(指物)或who(指人)可以互换，但在下列几种情况下，常只用that：△当先行词是不定代词时；△当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时；△当先行词被the very, the only等修饰时；△当先行词既有人又有物时。
定语从句复合句怎么做
定语从句复合句怎么做定语从句复合句怎么做的复合句一般分为三大类型，名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。
定语从句复合句怎么做呢？店铺来帮你看看吧！复合句的介绍复合句分为并列复合句和主从复合句，在英语试题中，复合句占有较大的比例，复习时应该注意：1. 要发散思维，忌单向思维，考各种从属句，常常是不同类型的连接词语正误连缀而至，如果不抓住这一点，不从多方面思考选择，就容易以偏概全，误入歧途;2. 弄清主从复合句中的每一个从属连接词的意思、用法、主句与从句在时态上的呼应、语气、是否需要倒装、固定搭配及逻辑常识等;3. 熟记句型及特殊表达形式;4. 注意各分句之间的特点及区别;5. 注意有些连接词的省略情况及省略后某些语序发生的变化。
总之在做习题时，不能生搬硬套，一成不变，要全方位的思考，摸清出题者的意图，灵活机动，随着不同的语言环境而变化。
复合句的用法(一)名词性从句在整个复合句中起名词作用，充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语等的各种从句，统称为名词性从句。
名词性从句主要有以下几种：1.that引导的从句 e.g. It is reported that one third of Guangzhou citizens plan to buy a private car. (据报道，三分之一的广州市民打算购买私家车。
)2. whether/if引导的从句e.g. Whether motorcycles should be banned in Guangzhou has become an issue of controversy.(广州是否禁摩托车成了有争议的。
)3. how/why/when/where引导的从句e.g. This essay aims to explore why so many white collar workers suffer from insomnia.(本文将探讨为这么多白领失眠的原因。
复合句(定语从句)
关系副词在从句中作状语。
方法二：句子完整法：关系代词引导的定语从句不完整；
关系副词引导的定语从句是完整的。
I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays
together. I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.
三、关系词通常有下列三个作用？
1.引导定语从句； 2.代替先行词； 3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。 Eg. The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
四、关系代词和关系副词有何区别及方法？
方法一：句子成份法：关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语；
place（case, point, situation, condition, scene, stage, country, room, house, museum, school等）＋where… That is the house where he lived two years ago. (In which)
2.非限制性定语从句中，表示先行词的一部分时，可用 “数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构。
There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have
been to Beijing.
11
3. Whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型， whose的先行词指物时, 可用of which代替, 但词序 不同， 即whose+n=the +n + of which =of which + the + n. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south. Of which the door open to the south.
含定语从句的复合句例子
含定语从句的复合句例子：
1．"我喜欢那本红色的小说，它是我去年买的。
"
2．"那本红色的小说"是定语从句，修饰"书"，整句是复合句。
3．"我见到的那个人是我的老师。
"
4．"的那个人"是定语从句，修饰"我见到的"，整句是复合句。
5．"昨天我收到的那封电子邮件来自我的老板。
"
6．"昨天我收到的那封电子邮件"是定语从句，修饰"电子邮件"，整句是复合句。
7．"住在隔壁的那个人是个音乐家。
"
8．"住在隔壁的那个人"是定语从句，修饰"人"，整句是复合句。
9．"我正在读的这本书非常有趣。
"
10．"我正在读的这本书"是定语从句，修饰"书"，整句是复合句。
复合句之定语从句
复合句之定语从句（一）定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。
（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.That is the teacher who teaches us physics.2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus.Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see.The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come.3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.The factory which makes computers is far away from here.He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.4．That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。
复合句法：定语从句进阶
复合句：定语从句进阶综述：定语从句也称为形容词性从句。
与之形成对比的是：状语从句常被称为副词性从句，而主语、宾语、表语从句则被称之为名词性从句。
定语从句不但是初中、高中最常考察的语法，同时也是日常英语阅读中最经常出现的语言现象。
同时，定语从句更是英语学习登堂入室的关键门槛，能否真正意义上掌握定语从句，决定了一个学习者究竟还是入门者，还是已经真正的进入了英语世界。
定语从句的定义和构成问题一：什么是定语（功能）？定语是修饰和限定名词（或代词）的句子成分。
例如：There is a beautiful pen. 其中，beautiful为修饰功能，而冠词a为限定功能。
名词pen被定语“a”和“beautiful”限定或修饰。
中文里也有定语。
比如“大/灰/狼”，“小/白/兔”。
定语从句，就是用一个完整的句子来充当定语。
例如：There is a big wolf. = There is a wolf which is big.在很多情况下，一个带有定语从句的句子，也可以拆分成两句话来理解。
There is a wolf which is big.=There is a wolf. + The wolf is big.问题二：定语从句由什么部分构成？1，先行词。
所谓先行词，就是被定语“修饰和限定”的那个名词(代词)。
2，关系词。
关系词的作用有两个：a)引导定语从句。
关系词的存在告诉语言的接受者，以下句子是一个从句，并且先行词起限定作用。
b)关系词代替先行词，在定语从句中充当一个成分。
3，剩余部分。
定语从句= 先行词+ 关系词+ 剩余部分举例：He who laughs last laughs best. （谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好）1，he为先行词，被此后的句子“who laughs last”修饰；2，who为关系词，关系词的出现，说明此后一部分句子内容为从句。
另外，who还代替he，在定语从句“who laughs last”中充当主语。
定语从句句型
定语从句句型定语从句句型导语：定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它通常只能放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。
以下店铺为大家介绍定语从句句型文章，欢迎大家阅读参考!定语从句句型定语从句: 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中充当定语,所以叫作定语从句.先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词.关系词：引导定语从句的词,分为关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）和关系副词(where,when,why,).复合句： The man who (that) came is Mike.先行词关系代词Li Ming is the one that got full marks in our class.先行词关系代词上句的黑体字为复合句中的主句,蓝体字为定语从句.一定语从句的关系代词 Which的用法: 若先行词指物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语.This is the pen which was given by my friend.先行词指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语This is the pen which my friend gave to me.先行词指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语二定语从句的关系代词 Who的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语(如果前面带介词则必须用whom) The man who is wearing a white suit is my brother.先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语The man whowhom he wanted to see last week is in Shanghai.先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语She is the girl with whom I went there.先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前.三定语从句的关系代词 Whom的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语) ,与who的`区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whomThis is the teacher whomwho we like best.先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语She is the girl whom who I went with there.先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾.I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前.四定语从句的关系代词that的用法: 若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语The animal that which is lost is a panda.先行词指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语She is the person that who we are worried about.先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语注意1 that which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用which ,不用that(1) 关系代词前有介词时.This is the hotel in which you will stay.(2) 如有两个定语从句,其中一句的关系代词是that,另一句宜于用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the liberary which was newly open (新开放) to us.注意2that which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用that ,不用which.(1) 先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级时This is the best that has been used against air pollution(反对空气污染) in cities.English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.(2) 先行词是序数词,或它的前面有一个序数词时He is the last person that I want to see.(3) 主句中已有疑问词时Which is the bike that you lost?(4) 先行词既有人又有物时The bike and its rider that had run over (撞倒了)an old man were taken to the police station.(5) 先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等代词时You should hand in all that you have.We haven’t got much that we can offer you.I mean the one that you talked about just now.(6) 先行词前面有only,any,few,little,no,all,one of,the same,the very等词修饰时The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.Li Ming is the only one that got full marks (满分)in our class.Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class.(7) 有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另外一个宜用thatEdison built up a factory(办了一个工厂) which produced things that had never been seen before.定语从句的关系副词 Where的用法:若先行词指地点且其在定语从句中充当地点状语.This is the house+I was born in the house. (=I was born there) 介词短语副词=This is the house where I was born.这就是我在那儿出生的房子.先行词关系副词in which I was born.介词+关系代词which I was born in.关系代词这里作介宾的which和that可以省略that I was born in关系代词.练习：用which ,where填空1 This is the factory where they want to visit.2 My sister works in a bookshop in which we can read many kinds of books3 Have you visited the city where the famous scientist was born?4 Is this the museum which they visited last month?5 He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.6 The pencil with _which_______ he wrote was broken.7 Is this the shop _which____ sells children’s clothing?8 I still remember the sitting-room _where____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.9 Don’t go in, this is the shop _which____ we have just been to.10 Please show me the book _which____ you bought yesterday _____.二定语从句的关系副词When的用法: 若先行词指时间且其在定语从句中充当时间状语.He came at a time +we needed help at a time.介词短语=He came at a time when we needed help关系副词at which we needed help介词+关系代词which we needed help at关系代词这里的作介宾的which 和that可以省略that we needed help at三关系副词why的用法：在定语从句中只要先行词是the reason,它的关系副词就是why.如：The reason why I’m calling you is to invite you to the party.【定语从句句型】。
复合句—形容词性从句—定语从句
四、分类—3、从句中做表语
四、分类—4、从句做定语
4、替代前面的先行词，在从句中充当定语，
whose , of whom/which He is a man whose book is wonderful He is a man the book of whom is wonderful
四、分类—5、从句中做时间状语
四、分类—6、从句中做地点状语
6、替代前面的先行词，在从句中充当地点状语 1)地点 letter / environment ----where=in which 2)例句 I went to a park in which （where ）I met my girlfriend . 3)配题 2013年江西卷33. A. what D. How 2013年四川9. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _____they live. A. what B. which C. when D. where He wrote a letter ______ he explains what had happened in the accident. B. which C. where
2014年陕西13. Please send us all the information _________ you have about the candidate for the position. A. that B. which C. as D. what
2014北京26. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ______ my classmates recommended to me.. A.who C. when B. which D. Where
英语复合句之定语从句
英语复合句之定语从句复合句（Complex Sentence）分为并列复合句和主从或从属复合句，并列复合句是有并列连词：and、or、but连接；从属复合句由一个主句（Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。
用疑问词作引导词，主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存在。
从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样。
所不同在于，从句须由一个关联词（connective）引导。
根据引导从句为主不同，大致可分为：名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句）、定语从句、状语从句等。
定语从句:定语从句在句中作定语，用来修饰一个名词、名词词组或者代词。
被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词叫做先行词；在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做引导词。
引导词分为“关系代词”和“关系副词”。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。
关系副词有：when, where, why。
注意：关系副词里面没有how。
如果要修饰方式，用that或in which引导，或者不用引导词：I don’t like the way (不用引导词.that, in which) he eyed me.我不喜欢他看我的那个样子。
1）定语从句关系代词：who（关系代词who在从句中主要作主语，在非正式语体里who还可以作从句中的宾语）He is the man who wants to see you.2）定语从句关系代词：whom（whom在从句中作宾语）He is the man（whom）I saw in the park yesterday.3）定语从句关系代词：whose（用来指人或物，只能用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。
Please pass me the book whose cover is green. （of which the cover/the cover of which）4）定语从句关系代词：which（1）which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时在非正式语体中可以省略。
定语从句用法(含例句及解析)
定语从句---关系代词的用法一、定语从句概述1.定义:在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。
它所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
2.构成:先行词+关系词+定语从句关系词作用:连接主句和从句; 指代先行词; 在从句中充当句子成分。
3.分类:限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句。
4.关系词关系代词: that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词: when, where, why关系代词的具体用法见下表:关系代词先行词在从句中所做的成分that 人、物主语、宾语、表语which 物主语、宾语who 人主语、宾语whom 人宾语whose 人、物定语as 人、物主语、宾语、表语二、关系代词的用法1. that指人也可指物, 在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
The number o f people that come to visit this city each year re ache s one million.每年来游览这座城市的人的数量达到了100万。
(指人, 作主语)This is the suitcase (that) she is lo o king fo r.这就是他在找的那个手提箱。
(指物, 作宾语)2. which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
They ignored the details which might account for the accident.他们忽略了那些或许可以解释事故发生原因的细节。
(作主语)3.who指人, 在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
We are concerned about people who have suffered a lot in the earthquake.我们为在地震中遭受重创的人们担心。
(作主语)Danny was the man (who) we rescued from the ruins.丹尼正是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。
复合句 , 定语从句 , 宾语补足语 , 长难句
复合句, 定语从句, 宾语补足语, 长难句
1. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that weaken the court's reputation for being independent and impartial.
【分析】复合句。
主句主干为 justices acted。
in several instances 和 in ways作状语，that 引导定语从句修饰 ways。
【译文】然而，在一些情况下，法官的行为方式削弱了法院保持中立且公正的名声。
【临摹】不同于硅谷的那些企业，印度这些公司在思路上可能更有创意。
2. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court's decisions will be accepted as impartial judgements.
【分析】复合句，主句为 That kind of activity makes it less likely, it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是 that 引导的名词性从句。
【译文】这类行为使得法院的裁定被认为是公正判决的可能性有所下降。
【词法拓展】
it 作形式宾语放在动词与宾语补足语之间，指代不定式、动名词、从句等，此时，it 无实际意义。
这种情况只能用于能以名词或形容词作宾语补足语的动词后面，如feel, consider, find, believe, make, take, imagine, suppose, think, deem, regard, count 等。
复合句之定语从句
一、认识复合句1.That he didn’t come made me disappointed.2.What you have said might hurt his feelings.3.We know we should study hard.4.I want to know when the plane will take off.5.The question he asked me was how I had got his address.6.I was doing my homework while my brother was playing games.7.If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the train.8.The day breaks because the sun is rising.二、定语从句1.The person won the prize for the Most Beautiful Nature photography isfifteen-year-old Li Wei.2.The girl you met yesterday is my sister.3.The thing surprised me most was the weather.4.The camel I rode had a bad temper.注意：1.The woman speaking at the meeting mymother.(am, is, are)2.The women speaking at the meeting famousscientists. (am, is, are)练习：Have you seen the clothes that made in Shanghai. A. am B. is C. are关系代词的特殊用法：1.用that，不用which1)当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词有最高级修饰时，只宜用that。
语法-句法-复合句-定语从句
定语从句一．定语从句的理解：用来修饰名词或代词的词称为定语，英语中，形容词、名词和句子都可以做定语，如果定语是句子，便称为定语从句。
a tall building the book on the desk anything important the girl in redI know the girl. The girl is in red. (两个简单句) →I know the girl who is in red.被修饰的词是_______，这个词就称为先行词。
其中连接句子的是__________，称为关系词。
关系词在从句中指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的成分，观察上句，关系词在从句中充当。
Yesterday I helped an old man . The man lost his way.→Yesterday I helped an old man who is lost his way.被修饰的词是________。
这个词就称为先行词。
其中连接句子的是______________，称为关系词。
关系词在从句中指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的成分，观察上句，关系词在从句中充当。
☻关系词与先行词的关系：关系词和先行词密切相关，因为关系词用来指代先行词，并且在从句中充当一定的成分。
关系词的作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中担当一个成分。
二．关系词种类（一）关系代词引导的定语从句关系词指代在从句中的作用例句who人主语、(宾语、表语) This is the scientist who camefrom London.whom 宾语、表语She is a student (who/ whom)weshould learn from.that人/物主、宾、表She got a pet that/which is red.whose 定语They rushed over to help theman whose car broke down. which 物主、宾、表She got a pet that/which is red.关系代词的省略关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。
定语从句复合句定语从句复习总结
定语从句复合句定语从句复习总结
定语从句是指在复合句中，修饰限定某一名词或代词的从句。
例如：You must buy me the house , 所有格、引导的是宾格，uch, fee, the last修饰时
例如：The last place that I visited position that he has ous here. b）介词后用…），而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当地点状语，一般用y family moved into the city.
3）先行词是the reason，而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当原因状语，一般用ainly discusses the development of Chinese economy.
The novel given by the professor mainly discusses the development of Chinese economy.
The novel ainly discusses the development of Chinese economy ainly discussing the development of Chinese economy ind.
(2) 表示方式的先行词e does not like the ots.。
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复合句——定语从句is a beautiful girl. 形容词作定语Mary is a girl who has long hair. 句子作定语,修饰girl, 叫做定语从句先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词when, why, wherewho, what,that, whom,whose在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
定语从句的基本结构：主句（包括先行词）+ 关系词+ 定语从句。
其中对关系词的考查是中考重要的考点。
关系词作用：1.代替先行词;２．它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分;3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。
（把主句和从句连起来）关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。
关系词判断步骤:首先，要看先行词。
如果先行词是指人,关系代词可用who,that,whom,whose。
如果先行词指物,关系代词可用which或that;然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。
请看下表最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致. 注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。
The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother.①关系副词when状语时间where地点why原因②当关系代词which, that, whom在定语从句中作宾语时，也可以省略。
③在一般情况下，关系代词that和which(指物)或who(指人)可以互换，但在下列几种情况下，常只用that：△当先行词是不定代词时；△当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时；△当先行词被the very, the only等修饰时；△当先行词既有人又有物时。
△当主句已有疑问词who或which时，用that。
1.This is the most interesting story(__________ )I have ever heard.2.Here is something( _________) I will tell you.3.I can remember well t he persons and some pictures (___________) I see.4.Is it the one ___________ you want5. Who is the woman ___________was praised at the meeting④that和who不能紧跟在介词后作介词宾语，应使用关系代词whom，which置于介词后（但如果介词不前置仍放于句尾，则可用that 作引导词，而且可以省略。
）如：［正］This is the room (that/ which) the old man lives in.［正］This is the room in which the old man lives ［误］This is the room in that the old man lives在定语从句中作介词宾语，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom 与which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：That was the man about whom they were talking.【策略指导】解决有关定语从句的题目时，首先要根据先行词确定好关系词，同时要记住一些特殊情况，这样才能做到万无一失。
定语从句的用法:1.当先行词是物时, 用which 或that引导.These are the trees _______________ were planted last year.which 指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Is this the library (which/that) you borrow books fromIs this the library from which you borrow books2.当先行词是人时, 用who, whom, that引导.The man _____________is speaking at the meeting is a worker. ( )The boy who /that sits in front of me is Tom. ( )The man (whom/who/that) everyone likes is kind. (宾语)who, whom, whose, that用法区别.1.who 作定语从句的主语或宾语.作定语从句的宾语,在口语和非正式文体中常用who代替，可以省略.The woman (whom/who/that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)The man (whom/who/that) I talked to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。
I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.【真题再现】1. He is the only student _____plays table tennis better than Jim.A. whyB. whereC. thatD. which解析：题干是一个含定语从句的复合句，先行词the only student是人，关系代词在从句中作主语，关系代词that可指代人。
why和where是可引导定语从句的关系副词，why表原因，先行词往往是表示原因的名词(reason等)，when 表时间，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(time, day, hour, year等)。
2. This is the dictionary _____ Mum gave me for my birthday.A. whichB. whatC. whoseD. whom解析：该定语从句中的先行词the dictionary是物，关系词在从句中作宾语，关系代词which可指代物。
关系代词whose可指代人（的），也可指代物（的），但在从句中常作定语；关系代词whom一般都指代人，在从句中常作宾语。
而what不引导定语从句。
3. This is the question _____ we are talking about now.A. thatB. whoC. whereD. when解析：在这里先行词是the question，指物，关系代词that可以指代物，而其他选项不可指代物。
4. Jack, there is someone in the office _____would like to speak with you.A. whoB. whichC. whomD. when解析：在这里先行词是someone，指人，关系代词在从句中作主语。
关系代词who和whom都可指代人，但whom在从句中充当宾语。
而关系代词which一般指代物。
5. We know Jackie Chan _____ movies are very popular with the young.A. whoseB. thatC. whoD. which解析：该句中先行词是Jackie Chan，关系代词在从句中作定语，选项中只有A项符合题意。
【现场练兵】用关系代词填空2.The boy ____________ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.3.The e-mail ___________ I received yesterday was from my sister.4.I hate people ______________ talk much but do little.5.The car _____________ my father bought last month is very beautiful.6.The man ______ hair is white is his grandfather.7. Is there a student _________ father is a business man8.This is the house in ________ we have lived for 10 years.9.I’ve never heard of the people and things ________ you talked about just now.10.My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things ______ they couldn’t remember.11.Say all ________ you know.12.Is there anything ______ I can do for you单项选择( ) 1. —There are many volunteers _____are helping the children in Sichuan.—And most of them are college students.A. whichB. whenC. whoseD. who( ) 2. —Who is the woman _____ was talking to our English teacher—Oh! It’s Mrs. Baker, our new math teacher.A.whoseB. thatC. whomD. Which( ) place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.A. WhichB. whereC. whatD. in which( ) you know the man _______A. whom I spokeB. to who spokeC. I spoke toD. that I spoke( ) is the hotel _______last month.A. which they stayedB. at that they stayedC. where they stayed atD. where they stayed( ) factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.A. whereB. to whichC. WhichD. in which( ) talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. what( ) letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. Who( )9. The dinner was the most expensive meal we __________.A. would haveB. have hadC. had never hadD. had ever had( )10. Do you know which hotel __________A. she is stayingB. she is staying inC. is she stayingD. is she staying in( )11. There is only one thing __________ I can do. A. what B. that C. all D. which。