高中语法省略句,倒装句
语法中的省略句和倒装句
语法中的省略句和倒装句在语法学中,省略句和倒装句是常见的句型。
省略句指的是在句子中省略某些成分,而倒装句则是改变了正常的词序。
本文将从基本概念、用法及实例等方面详细介绍这两种语法现象。
省略句的定义和用法省略句是指在句子中省略某些成分,但通过上下文可以明确意思。
省略的成分可以是主语、谓语、宾语、状语等。
省略句在英语中常见,可以减少重复,简化句子结构,使语言更加简洁有力。
省略句的用法多种多样,下面将分述几种常见的情况:1. 主语省略:当谓语动词是不及物动词或者使用了“there be”结构时,主语常常省略。
例如:(1) Was late for the meeting.(主语“I”被省略)(2) There is a book on the table.(主语“a book”被省略)2. 谓语省略:当句子的主语和谓语之间存在着某种逻辑关系,且谓语动词与上下文能够呼应时,可以省略谓语部分。
例如:(1) John plays tennis, and Kate does too.(谓语“plays tennis”被省略)(2) Tom likes pizza, and Jerry likes hamburger as well.(谓语“likes pizza”被省略)3. 宾语省略:当上下文已经明确了宾语的内容时,可以省略宾语。
例如:(1) Can you drive?(宾语“a car”被省略)(2) He bought a book, and I bought one too.(宾语“a book”被省略)倒装句的定义和用法倒装句是指将句子中的某些语序进行倒置的一种句型。
正常语序是主语在前,谓语在后,而倒装句则是将谓语提前或将主语放在谓语之后。
倒装句的使用可以起到强调某个部分的作用,改变句子的语气或加强语言表达的效果。
下面列举几种常见的倒装情况:1. 全部倒装:将整个谓语放在主语之前。
例如:(1) Out rushed the students.(主语“The students”在谓语“rushed”之前)(2) Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.(主语“I”在谓语“seen”之前)2. 部分倒装:将助动词、情态动词或be动词与主语之间的顺序进行倒置。
语法中的省略句和倒装句的常见形式和结构
语法中的省略句和倒装句的常见形式和结构在语法学习中,我们常常会遇到一些特殊的句式,如省略句和倒装句。
省略句是指在句子中省去了部分成分,通过上下文可以推断出省略的内容。
而倒装句则是将句子中的某些成分颠倒位置,以突出某种语气或达到修辞的目的。
本文将详细介绍语法中的省略句和倒装句的常见形式和结构,并通过例句加以说明。
一、省略句的常见形式和结构1. 主语的省略主语的省略是最常见的省略句形式,常出现在特殊疑问句、祈使句和感叹句中。
例如:- Are you coming with us? (主语"You"被省略)- Open the door! (主语"You"被省略)- How beautiful! (主语"It"被省略)2. 谓语的省略谓语的省略常出现在上下文已经明确的情况下,避免重复使用谓语动词。
例如:- I like apples. Kate, too. (省略了第二个"I like")- He can speak English. So can I. (省略了第二个"can speak")3. 宾语的省略宾语的省略通常出现在特殊疑问句和祈使句中,或者通过上下文可以推断出省略的内容。
例如:- Did you buy milk? Yes, I did. (省略了第二个"milk")- Give me some water, please. (省略了第二个"water")4. 宾语补足语的省略宾语补足语的省略常出现在带有情态动词或者某些动词(如see, watch, hear等)的句子中。
例如:- She can play the piano. So can I. (省略了第二个"play the piano")- I heard him speak in Chinese. (省略了第二个"speak in Chinese")5. 状语的省略状语的省略常出现在上下文已经明确的情况下,避免重复使用状语词语。
专题11.必过语法---①强调句 ②倒装句 ③省略句 ④祈使句 ⑤感叹句 ⑥附加疑问句-2023年高
特殊句式1.特殊句式包括:①强调句①倒装句①省略句①祈使句①感叹句①附加疑问句2.高考考查热点:①强调句中的it和that①特殊句式中的there be①一些常用的固定表达结构高频考点突破考点1倒装句一、完全倒装完全倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
此结构通常只用于一般现在时或一般过去时。
二、部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分,如助动词或情态动词,置于主语之前。
如果句中的谓语部分不含有助动词或情态动词时,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
将下列句子变为倒装句①She didn’t have supper until her mother returned.→Not until her mother returned .①I hardly think it possible to finish the job before dark.→Hardly .①He learned the sad news only after the war.→Only after the war .①He speaks English so clearly that he can always make himself understood.→So clearly .【答案】1.did she have supper2.do I think it possible to finish the job before dark3.did he learn the sad news4.does he speak English that he can always make himself understood考点2强调句强调句型的基本结构单句语法填空/补全句子①It was when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors.①It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house __we saw Lily in the passenger seat.① the noise of the street stopped.直到午夜,街上的嘈杂声才停止。
2025届高中语文统编版高考学案考点:牢记文言句式5类型
牢记文言句式5类型(答案在最后)——文必相辅,气不孤申高考对本考点的要求:理解与现代汉语不同的句式。
“不同的句式”主要包括判断句、被动句、省略句、倒装句、固定句式等。
在高考命题中,句式通常隐含在文言文翻译题中。
本考点将细致讲解各种句式以及翻译方法和技巧,并借助课文中熟悉的例句帮助考生理解和掌握,为解答翻译题奠定坚实的基础。
类型一判断句—— 分清类别,译成含有“是”的句子文言文里的判断句,一般不用判断词,而是直接用名词或名词性短语作谓语表示判断,并往往借助于一些助词、语气词、副词来表示或加强判断的语气。
主要格式见下表:判断句翻译时一般要译成“是”或“不是”。
当用副词加强判断时,翻译中应把副词的基本义译出,并补上判断词“是”,如“必”“亦”“即”“诚”“皆”“则”“素”“乃”可以依次译成“一定是”“也是”“便是”“确实是”“都是”“原来是”“本来是”“就是”。
【即练即悟】1.下列句子中,不是判断句的一项是()A.廉颇者,赵之良将也B.刘备,天下枭雄C.然而不王者,未之有也D.汝是大家子2.翻译下列句子。
(1)君者,舟也;庶人者,水也。
(2)富与贵,是人之所欲也。
(3)天下者,高祖天下。
(4)孙膑亦孙武之后世子孙也。
(5)子非鱼,安知鱼之乐?3.翻译下面文段中画线的句子。
宋陈谏议家有劣马,性暴,不可驭,蹄啮伤人多矣。
一日,谏议入厩,不见是马,因诘仆:“彼马何以不见?”仆言为陈尧咨售之贾人矣。
尧咨者,陈之子也。
谏议遽招子,曰:“汝为贵臣,家中左右尚不能制,贾人安能蓄之?是移祸于人也!”急命人追贾人取马,而偿其直。
戒仆养之终老。
时人称陈谏议有古仁人之风。
(1)仆言为陈尧咨售之贾人矣。
尧咨者,陈之子也。
(2)汝为贵臣,家中左右尚不能制,贾人安能蓄之?是移祸于人也!4.翻译下面文段中画线的句子。
晏子至,楚王赐晏子酒,酒酣,吏二缚一人诣王。
王曰:“缚者曷为者也?”对曰:“齐人也,坐盗。
”王视晏子曰:“齐人固善盗乎?”晏子避席对曰:“婴闻之,橘生淮南则为橘,生于淮北则为枳,叶徒相似,其实味不同。
高考英语语法专题复习-倒装句和省略句
专题十六倒装句和省略句I、重点难点解析倒转句的考查主要从以下几个方面入手:1)含有否定意味的词置于句首,部分倒装;2)only+状语/状语从句置于句首,部分倒装;3)so/such…that句型中,so+形容词/副词提前,部分倒装;4)表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首,要完全倒装。
二特别提示1. There be结构的倒装句型中,there后还可接lie, live, seem to be等。
例如:There lived an old man in the village long long ago.2. here, there, now, then(只用过去式), up, down, away, out等副词位于句首,主语为代词时不倒装。
例如:Out he rushed.3. 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首,主句倒装。
但是主语为代词时不倒装。
“You had better stay at home,” she said.4. So位于句首不倒装的情况:主语与前句相同,表赞同, 译为“确实如此”。
例句:---Mike studies hard.---So he does. (确实是。
) 比较: (---So do I .我也是。
)5. 表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事,前句如果列举了两种事实以上,用“So it is/waswith sb/sth.”回答。
---Tom is kind and often helps those in trouble.---So it is with his father.省略句高考命题导向:省略是一种避免重复,保持简洁的语法手段。
缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分,但在一定语境中能够独立存在,意义明确,并且能发挥交际功能的句子叫做省略句。
高考主要是考查省略在固定结构中的运用。
省略句用法一览表II、实战演练根据括号中的提示完成句子。
1.Not until __________________ (I; shout) at the top of my voice ________________ (he; turn) his head.2.I won the prize at last. Never in my life ___________________ (I; feel) so happy.3.Hardly _____________________ (the thief; see) the police ___________ he ran away.4.---Hurry up! There _______________________ ( the bell; go).---My goodness! Has Mrs Li come yet?---Look! Here ___________________ (he; come)5.Not only ___________________ (he; like) singing, but __________________ (he; have)a good voice.6.---David has passed the final exam smoothly.---So _________________ (he; have), and ___________________ (I, have).7.So ____________________ (he; be frightened) in the darkness that he did not dare to move an inch.8.Up _________________________ (the balloon; go) into the air.9.At the foot of the mountain _________________________ (a village; lie)10.I’v tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _______________________ (the teacher, be satisfied) with my progress.11.If Joe’s wife doesn’t go to the party, neither ______________________.(他也不去)12.Should _________________________ (如果明天下雨), we would have to put off the sports meet.13.Child __________________ (尽管只是孩子), he shows great consideration towards the others.14.---Mike hadn’t passed the exam and was afraid of being scolded.--- ________________________. (我也一样)15.________________________________ (我们一听到铃声) than we rushed into the classroom.16.---He hasn’t finished the work yet.---Well, he _________________.(本该完成)17.The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _______________ (see) whether he was going in the right direction.18.---Is your mother a teacher?---No, but she __________________.(过去是)19.---Do you know Anna’s telephone number?--- _______________ .(恐怕不知) As a matter of fact, I don’t know any Anna, either.20.---Who should be responsible for the accident?---The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order ____________ (按被告诉的).答案:1. I shouted; did he turn 2. have I felt 3. had the thief seen; when 4. goes the bell; he comes 5. does he; he has 6. he has; so have I 7. frightened was he8.went the balloon 9. lies a village 10. is the teacher satisfied 11. will he 12. it rain tomorrow 13. as/though he is 14. So it was with me. 15. No sooner had we heard the ring 16. should/ought to have 17. to see 18. used to be 19. I’m afraid not 20. as told。
高中文言文特殊句式
与现代汉语比较而言,文言中存在以下几类特殊句式:判断句、省略句、被动句、倒装句、固定格式。
在文言的翻译中要注意将其转化为现代汉语的正常语序。
一、【判断句】判断句是以名词、代词或名词性词组为谓语,对主语直接表示判断的句子。
在现代汉语里,一般是在主语和谓语之间用一个判断词“是”来联系。
如:“鲁迅是绍兴人。
”但也有不用判断词的。
如:“鲁迅,绍兴人。
”文言文中的判断句式通常是借助于虚词构成一定格式来表示的,主要表示法有以下几种:1.“……者,……也”格式。
“者”“也”都是语气词,“者”表提顿,“也”表肯定。
这是古汉语判断句的典型结构。
“者也”可以单用,可以双用,可以合用,也可以不用。
如:廉颇者,赵之良将也。
(司马迁《廉颇蔺相如列传》)柳敬亭者,扬州之泰州人,本姓曹。
城北徐公,齐国之美丽者也。
(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》)和氏壁,天下所共传宝也。
秦,虎狼之国。
小试牛刀把“刘备,天下枭雄”这个句子用所有的“者”和“也”的结构表达一遍。
2.用动词“是”“为”表判断。
如:“不知木兰是女郎。
”《木兰诗》“自言本是京城女。
”《琵琶行》“同是天涯沦落人。
”《琵琶行》“此为何若人?”(这是怎样的人?)《墨子》公子姊为赵惠文王弟平原君夫人。
“如今人方为刀俎,我为鱼肉。
”已后典籍皆为板本。
3. 副词“乃”“即”“则”“皆”表判断。
“若事之不济,此乃天也。
”《赤壁之战》“吾翁即汝翁。
”(我刘邦的父亲就是你项羽的父亲。
)《汉书、项籍传》“此则岳阳楼之在观也。
”《岳阳楼记》“吾村十里皆平原。
”《冯婉贞》4. 用”非“表示否定判断。
“人非生而知之者。
”《师说》“人非圣贤,孰能无过。
”以上是判断句常见的表示形式,译成现代汉语时,都要在主语和谓语之间加判断词“是”。
但是,在一些文言句子中,有的原来有“是”字,从表面上看,这个“是”字很像是判断词,其实,在绝大多数情况下它不是判断词,而是一个指示代词,复指前文内容,译为“这”“此”。
翻译时,有时要另加判断词“是”。
倒装句与省略句的区别及用法解析
倒装句与省略句的区别及用法解析倒装句和省略句是英语语法中常见的两种特殊句式。
它们的运用可以增加句子的多样性,使语言更加丰富,并帮助我们有效地表达思想。
本文将分析倒装句与省略句的区别,并介绍它们的用法。
一、倒装句倒装句是指在句子中调整主语和谓语的位置,通常有两种情况:完全倒装和部分倒装。
1. 完全倒装完全倒装句的结构为:助动词/情态动词/系动词 + 主语 + 谓语。
常见的倒装情况包括以下几种类型:1.1 肯定形式的完全倒装例如:- "Not only did he finish the project ahead of schedule, but he also exceeded our expectations." (他不仅提前完成了项目,而且超出了我们的预期。
)- "Rarely have I seen such a beautiful sunset." (我很少见到如此美丽的日落。
)1.2 否定形式的完全倒装例如:- "Never have I seen such a funny movie." (我从未见过这么有趣的电影。
)- "Little did they know what awaited them."(他们并不清楚等待他们的是什么。
)1.3 倒装的条件句例如:- "Had I known about the event, I would have attended." (要是我早知道这个事件,我就去参加了。
)2. 部分倒装部分倒装句是指将助动词/情态动词/系动词置于主语前,而谓语动词保持不变。
常见的部分倒装情况有以下几种类型:2.1 含有"only, hardly, rarely, seldom"等副词修饰状语从句的部分倒装例如:- "Only in this way can we achieve success." (只有通过这种方式,我们才能取得成功。
高中英语语法系统讲解之十三省略、倒装和强调
省略、倒装和强调省略为了使句子结构更加紧密或为了避免重复,而将前面或后面已经出现过的词语省略,或因习惯上的用法而省略部分词语,这样所形成的句子叫省略句。
一. 简单句中的省略1. 省略主语在祈使句或某些习惯性的用法中常省略主语。
如(You) Close the door at once.(It) Sounds fine to me.2. 省略主语和谓语的一部分在表示建议的问句、比较状语从句、感叹句和there be句型中常省略。
如What (do you think) about a cup of tea? He speaks English as well as you (do).What a (good) girl (she is)! (Is there) anything elso to buy?3. 省略宾语、表语这种省略常见于对话的答语中。
如---Which of the two is better?---It’s hard to tell (it).He is hard-working and so is his sister (hard-working).4. 名词所有格后名词的省略名词所有格修饰的名词有上下文已出现或表示店铺、住宅、教堂等地点时常省略。
如These are John’s books and those are Mary’s (books).At her mother’s (house) she passed many happy days.5. 冠词的省略在某些固定短语the next day(morning,week,year …)中,有时为了使语气紧凑,定冠词the常可以省略;在副词的最高级前面定冠词常可以省略;另外在某些独立结构中和as引导的让步状语从句中,常可省略冠词。
如We went to the farm to help the farmers with the harvest (the) next day.He sings (the) best in the class. Child as she is, she knows a lot.6. 介词的省略一些动词搭配构成的短语,如prevent / stop sb(from)doing,have trouble / difficulty/ problems(in)doing,spend time(in)doing等中的介词常可以省略。
高考英语语法复习教案倒装句和省略句
高考英语语法复习教案-倒装句和省略句教学目标:1. 理解倒装句的定义和分类;2. 掌握倒装句的用法和注意事项;3. 理解省略句的定义和分类;4. 掌握省略句的用法和注意事项;5. 能够正确运用倒装句和省略句进行口语和书面表达。
教学内容:第一章:倒装句概述1.1 倒装句的定义1.2 倒装句的分类1.3 倒装句的用法和注意事项第二章:完全倒装句2.1 完全倒装句的定义和用法2.2 完全倒装句的注意事项第三章:部分倒装句3.1 部分倒装句的定义和用法3.2 部分倒装句的注意事项第四章:倒装句与其他句式的结合4.1 倒装句与疑问句的结合4.2 倒装句与条件句的结合4.3 倒装句与虚拟语气的结合第五章:省略句概述5.1 省略句的定义5.2 省略句的分类5.3 省略句的用法和注意事项教学方法:1. 采用讲授法,讲解倒装句和省略句的定义、分类、用法和注意事项;2. 通过例句和练习,让学生熟练掌握倒装句和省略句的运用;3. 采用互动式教学,鼓励学生提问和参与讨论,提高学生的积极性和理解能力;4. 布置适量的练习题,巩固所学知识,提高学生的应用能力。
教学评估:1. 课堂参与度:观察学生在课堂上的发言和提问情况,评估学生的积极参与程度;2. 练习完成情况:检查学生完成练习题的情况,评估学生对倒装句和省略句的掌握程度;3. 课后作业:布置相关的课后作业,评估学生对课堂所学知识的巩固程度。
教学资源:1. 教学PPT:制作精美的教学PPT,展示倒装句和省略句的定义、分类、用法和注意事项;2. 例句和练习题:提供丰富的例句和练习题,帮助学生理解和巩固倒装句和省略句的知识;3. 参考资料:提供相关的参考资料,供学生自主学习和拓展知识。
教学进度安排:1. 第一章:2课时2. 第二章:2课时3. 第三章:2课时4. 第四章:2课时5. 第五章:2课时教学总结:通过本章的教学,学生应该能够理解倒装句和省略句的定义和分类,掌握倒装句和省略句的用法和注意事项,并能够正确运用倒装句和省略句进行口语和书面表达。
高考语文复习文言特殊句式之省略句、倒装句、固定句式
谢谢观看
①然而不王者,未之有也。 (未有之) 《齐桓晋文之事》 ②然不自意能先破秦入关。(不意自) (意:料想) (《鸿 门宴》) ③保民而王,莫之能御也。(莫能御之) 《齐桓晋文之事》
翻译:【爱护百姓,推行王道,就没有谁能够阻挡。】
(一)宾语前置
1.否定句中,代词作宾语。
注意:一是否定句(一般句中必须有“不”、“未”“毋”、 “无”、“莫”“弗”等否定词);二是代词作宾语。(之、 余、吾等。)
倒装句
4.无标志,语意表被动
(1)王之蔽甚矣! 《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》
(2)而刘夙婴疾病。 《陈情表》
(3)戍卒叫,函谷举。《阿房宫赋》
(4)洎牧以谗诛
(《六国论》
(我)弟弟||【认真】读了〈三遍〉(老师今天刚教的)古文
(一)宾语前置
1.否定句中,代词作宾语。
注意:一是否定句(一般句中必须有“不”、“未”“毋”、 “无”、“莫”“弗”等否定词);二是代词作宾语。(之、 余、吾等。)
高三一轮复习 文言文句式
【省略句、倒装句、固定句式】
省略句
省略句
有些句子在一定的语言环境中,省略了句子的某些成分,这种句 子叫省略句。一般省略的是主语、宾语、介词,还会省略谓语。 1.主语省略(承前省略、蒙后省略) (1)永州之野产异蛇,(蛇)黑质而白章 (柳宗元《捕蛇者 说》)(承前省略) (2)沛公谓张良曰:“……度我至军中,公乃入。”(《鸿门 宴》)(蒙后省略) (“度”前省略主语“公”可根据后一句“公乃入”推测出来。) (3)(桃花源中人),见渔人,乃大惊 (陶渊明《桃花源 记》) (4)樊哙曰:“今日之事何如?”良曰:“(今日之事)甚急!” (司马迁《鸿门宴》)
(二)定语后置
4.中心语+数量词
高中语文特殊句式练习各类倒装句省略句
高中语文特殊句式练习各类倒装句省略句1.各类倒装句1.主谓倒装如:贤哉,回也。
(《〈论语〉十二章》)2.宾语前置①否定句中,代词作宾语如:忌不自信。
(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》)②疑问句中,疑问代词作宾语如:大王来何操?(《鸿门宴》)③用“之”“是”作宾语提前的标志如:夫晋,何厌之有?(《烛之武退秦师》)唯才是举,吾得而用之。
(《求贤令》)3.定语后置①中心词+之+后置定语如:蚓无爪牙之利。
(《劝学》)②中心词+之+后置定语+者如:马之千里者。
(《马说》)③中心词+后置定语+者如:求人可使报秦者。
(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)④中心词+而+后置定语+者如:缙绅而能不易其志者。
(《五人墓碑记》)⑤中心词+数量词如:沛公兵十万,在霸上。
(《鸿门宴》)4.状语后置①动词+以+状语如:申之以孝悌之义。
(《寡人之于国也》)②动词+于+状语如:月出于东山之上。
(《赤壁赋》)③形容词+于+状语如:青于蓝。
(《劝学》)练习翻译下面的倒装句。
(1)甚矣,汝之不惠。
译文:你太不聪明了。
(2)①然而不王者,未之有也。
译文:这样还不能建立王业的,从来没有过这样的事。
②夫晋,何厌之有?译文:晋国,有什么能让他满足的呢?③君何以知燕王?译文:您凭什么知道燕王(会收留你)?(3)①居庙堂之高则忧其民。
译文:在高高的朝廷上做官时,就为百姓担忧。
②高余冠之岌岌兮,长余佩之陆离。
译文:加高我高高的帽子,加长我长长的佩带。
③客有吹洞箫者。
译文:有会吹洞箫的客人。
④纵一苇之所如,凌万顷之茫然。
译文:任凭小船儿在茫无边际的江上飘荡,越过苍茫万顷的江面。
⑤楚人有涉江者。
译文:有个渡江的楚国人。
(4)①后之览者,亦将有感于斯文。
译文:后世的读者,也将对这次集会的诗文有所感慨。
②管弦呕哑,多于市人之言语。
译文:弦的声音嘈杂,比市民的言语还多。
③去以六月息者也。
译文:凭借六月的大风离开北海。
2.省略句文言文语句中根据习惯,省略某词或某种成分的句子叫省略句。
有承前省略、蒙后省略、承宾省略、对话省略以及概括性省略等。
特殊句式之倒装句以及省略句讲义
特殊句式之倒装句以及省略句讲义知识点一:倒装句英语最基本的语序是主语在前,谓语动词在后。
但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调,就要采用倒装形式。
一、全部倒装全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。
常见的结构有:1.here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.〖10江苏〗—Is everyone here?—Not ye t……Look , there_______ the rest of our guests!A. comeB. comesC. is comingD. are coming2.表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语是表示运动的动词。
In came the teacher.老师进来了。
注意:上述全部倒装的句型的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here he comes. 他来了。
〖10重庆〗At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China.A. lies ChongqingB. Chongqing liesC. does lie ChongqingD. does Chongqing lie3.表地点的词语置于句首或强调地点概念时用全部倒装。
On the table were some flowers.桌子上有一些花。
二、部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。
如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
常见的情况有:1.带有否定意义的词或短语放在句首,语序需要部分倒装。
高考英语总复习-倒装句与省略句用法
倒装句与省略句用法第一、倒装句用法英语的基本句型是主语 + 谓语。
如果将主语与谓语调换, 称倒装句。
倒装句分全倒装句和半倒装句。
一、全倒装: 主语与谓语交换位置不需任何助动词, 叫全倒装。
全倒装有以下三种情况:1、当here, there, out, in, up, down等副词放在句首时, 句子需全倒装:There goes the bell! 铃响了!There lived an old man in the village.村里有一位老汉。
Here comes the bus.汽车来了。
注意:①在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词, 像go, come, rush,march等。
②主语如果是代词时不需倒装如Away he went. 他走远了。
2、方位状语在句首, 如:In front of the house stopped a police car.房前停一辆警车。
Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.附近有两只小船,他们乘着来到这个小岛。
Under the tree sat a boy.树下坐着一个小男孩。
3 、直接引语在句首, 这种情况可倒装也可不倒装“What does it mean?” asked the boy或the boy asked.二、半倒装: 主语与谓语的助动词交换位置称半倒装, 有以下数种情况:1、否定意义的词在句首, 句子半倒装, 例如: little, never, not, no, hardly, rarely, seldom 等。
Never shall I forget you.我绝不会忘记你。
At no time was the man aware of what was happening. 这人绝不知道发生了什么事情。
Little did I understand what he said to me at that time. 当时我不知道他对我说什么。
高中英语语法特殊句式(倒装、省略、强调)
3.在对话或并列句中,如果主语(zhǔyǔ)、谓语不同,而宾语相同, 则常省去相同的宾语部分。 Tom enjoys dancing, but Peter hates (dancing).
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4.省略作宾语的不定式短语,只保留to,但如果该宾语是动词 be或完成时态,则须在之后加上be或have: —Are you going there? —Yes, I’d like to (go there). 注意(zhù yì):在下列词后常省略不定式但要保留to: want, wish, like, hate, hope, intend, plan, love, refuse, expect,但当 want 和like用于从句中时,to常常省略。
My office was on the tenth floor, and his (office was) on the twelfth (floor). 并列句的省略有时还可出现在前面(qián mian)的分句 中,这时被省略的词语便出现在下文。
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5.only + 状语(zhuàngyǔ)(副词、介词短语、状语(zhuàngyǔ)从句)放在句首时 。(部分倒装) 1)Only then did I realize the value of reading aloud every morning. 2)Only by means of talking can we avoid misunderstanding each other.
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2.方位词in, out, there, here, inside, outside, up, down, away, off, downstairs, upstairs等以及now, then置于句首时,谓语动词常用 be, come, go, lie, run等,并且句子的主语(zhǔyǔ)是名词。为以示 强调或为了使情景更生动, 要全部倒装。(全部倒装) 1) Away flew the bird which I bought yesterday. 2) Now comes your turn to sweep the floor. 注意: 主语(zhǔyǔ)是人称代词时,仍用自然语序。 Away they went. (=They went away.)
英语特殊句式语法
英语特殊句式语法一、概说英语语法中的特殊句式包括省略句、倒装句、强调句和虚拟语气等。
这些句式在英语中有着特殊的表达效果和意义,是英语语言的重要组成部分。
理解和掌握这些特殊句式,对于提高英语阅读、写作和口语表达能力至关重要。
二、省略句省略句是指在英语句子中,为了使语言更加简洁明了,省略掉某些成分的句子。
省略句可以是主语的省略、谓语的省略、宾语的省略等。
例如:It is raining heavily. (省略主语)The train leaves at 7:00. (省略谓语)I like reading books. (省略宾语)三、倒装句倒装句是指英语句子中的语序与常规语序相反,以强调某些词语或表达某种特殊意义。
倒装句可以分为全部倒装和部分倒装。
例如:Here comes the bus. (全部倒装)Only in this way can we solve the problem. (部分倒装)四、强调句强调句是为了突出某个词语或表达某种特殊意义而采用的一种句式。
强调句可以通过改变语序、使用强调词或使用强调结构来表达。
例如:It was he who found the solution to the problem. (使用强调词)It is on this issue that we need to focus our attention. (使用强调结构)五、虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种表示假设、想象或愿望的语气,与实际情况相反。
虚拟语气可以分为三种:与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反和与将来事实相反。
例如:If I were you, I would choose this option. (与现在事实相反)If he had known the answer, he would have given it to you. (与过去事实相反)If it were to rain tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic. (与将来事实相反)六、总结英语特殊句式语法是英语语言的重要组成部分,理解和掌握这些特殊句式对于提高英语阅读、写作和口语表达能力至关重要。
语法中的省略句和倒装句深度解析
语法中的省略句和倒装句深度解析语法中的省略句和倒装句是汉语中常见的句法结构,它们在表达上起到了简洁明了的作用。
本文将对这两种句法结构进行深入解析,分别从省略句和倒装句的定义、分类、用法以及相关例子等方面进行讨论。
通过对省略句和倒装句的深入解析和学习,相信读者能够更好地理解和运用这两种句法结构。
一、省略句的定义与分类省略句指在句子中省略主语、谓语、宾语、状语等成分,从而缩短句子长度,增加表达的简洁性。
省略句主要分为主语省略、宾语省略、谓语省略以及状语省略。
1. 主语省略主语省略是指在句子中省略主语,使得句子的主语并未出现,却能够通过上下文的暗示而得知主语的信息。
例子1:(1) 今天很冷,(我) 身体不太舒服。
(2) 天下大雨,(她) 被淋湿了。
2. 宾语省略宾语省略是指在句子中省略宾语,使得句子的宾语并未明确表达出来,但根据上下文可以推断出宾语的具体内容。
例子2:(1) 我去超市,(买) 了一些水果。
(2) 他看到我,(示意) 我过去。
3. 谓语省略谓语省略是指在句子中省略谓语,使得句子的谓语动词未出现,但能通过上下文推断出谓语的具体动作。
例子3:(1) 别再吃了,太晚了。
(谓语动词"吃"省略)(2) 你能来,真好。
(谓语动词"能来"省略)4. 状语省略状语省略是指在句子中省略状语,使得句子的状语副词或短语未出现,但根据上下文可以推断出状语的具体描述。
例子4:(1) 我们昨天(去)公园玩了一整天。
(2) 明天(要)开会的那个地方在哪里?二、倒装句的定义与分类倒装句是指将句子中的主语和谓语的位置互换,从而使得句子结构上产生一定的变化。
倒装句主要分为全部倒装和部分倒装。
1. 全部倒装全部倒装是指将整个谓语部分放在主语前面,即将主语全部倒装到谓语前。
例子5:(1) 开始了电影。
(全部倒装为"电影开始了。
")(2) 到了周末了。
(全部倒装为"周末到了。
倒装句和省略句
(6)省略if的虚拟条件句,将were,had, should 移至主语前 ①Were he (=If he were ) here now, I could ask him.
②Should he (=If he should) come, tell him to ring me up.
(7)祝愿句
(2)在here, there, away, in, out, down, up, off, now, then开头以及介词短语或方位词组作地
点状语位于句首的句子里 。
comes the bus ①Here ______________.(车来了.)
goes the train. ②There______________.(火车走了.)
B.a girl stood
D.stood a girl
2.(2009·上海卷)Hearing the dog barking
fiercely,away________. A.fleeing the thief B.was fleeing the thief
C.the thief was fleeing
⑤South of the city_____________. (有一个工厂.)
came a frightening sound. ②主语是人称代词时,不倒装。如:Here ⑥From the village_____________. we are. There he comes.
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1.全部倒装全部倒装是指整个谓语放到主语的前面,即谓语在前,主语在后。
有下列几种:(1)there be (lie, stand, live...)句型。
there be是谓语,其后的名词是主语。
There are different forms of energy.On the top of the mountain there stands an old temple.Once upon a time, there lived a poor fisherman.(2)在以here, there, out, in,up, down, away,now,then等开头的句子中。
There goes the bell.Here comes the bus.Out rushed the boy.Away went the children.The door opened and there entered a middle-aged man.【注意】主语是人称代词时不倒装。
例如:Here it is.给你。
Away he went.他走了。
(3)直接引语在句首。
“What does it mean?” asked the boy.(4)为了使句子保持平衡,有时需要倒装。
Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.On the winding path were to be found footprints of somestrange animals.2.部分倒装即将谓语的一部分提到主语之前。
相当于变为一般疑问句中的谓语。
是倒装句的重点,也是高考考查的热点之一。
部分倒装主要有以下几种情况:(1)Only +状语在句首:Only then did I realize that I was wrong.Only when the war was overin1918 was he able to get happily back to work.【注意】如果only后没有状语,即使在句首也不倒装。
例如:Only a doctor can do it.(2)否定副词在句首。
这类副词主要有:hardly, seldom, little, not,nor, neither, not only...but also, no sooner...than,hardly...when,in no time等。
Little does he care about what others think.Not a single mistake did he make.Never shall I forget it.Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.Not until he came back did I leave.At no time should you leave your post.(3)由so引起的表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人(或东西)或由neither/nor引起的表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句型:She is a teacher. So is her brother.You can drive. So can I.She can’t do the work. Neither/Nor can I.注意:如果是重复相同的意思,不倒装。
例如:—It was cold yesterday.—So it was.(4)so...that 句型,如果so在句首。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.So shallow was the water that there were no fish in the lake. (5)省略了if的虚拟条件句。
Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something.Should anyone call,tell him to wait for me here.Were I not engaged in my present work, I would be quite willing to do what you ask me to.3.只把表语、宾语、状语提到句首。
这类倒装既不是全部倒装,又不同于部分倒装,只把表语、宾语、状语提到句首,谓语动、词并不倒装。
(1)as引导让步状语从句:Young as he is, he is very brave.Child as he is, he knows a lot.(2)however与no matter how引导的让步状语从句:However great the difficulty may be, we won’t lose heart. (3)感叹句:What a warm welcome they received!How fast he ran!(4)the more...the more句型:The farther away a thing is, the smaller it looks.1.省略主语:(I) Haven’t seen you for ages.(It) Doesn’t matter.(It) Looks like rain.2.省略谓语或谓语的一部分:(Is there) Anything you want?(Is) Anything the matter?(Does) Anybody need help?(Are) You hungry?3.省略宾语:—Which of them is the better choice?—Well, it’s hard to tell (it).—Where is George?—I don’t know (where he is).4.省略主语和谓语:What a pity (it is) you can’t go to the lecture.(I’m) Sorry!(I’m) Afraid I can’t come.—Did you like the film?—Oh, very much.5.省略不定式:He didn’t come, though we had invited him to (come).6.简单句中的省略,对话中最普遍。
—Will you join us?—I should love to.—Are you tired?—Not very.—What made Tom unhappy?—Losing the match.—I went to an exhibition this morning.—With whom?Hope to hear from you soon.Anybody against it?7.复合句中的省略:—Did you know anything about it?—Not until you told me.—Shall I make a copy of it?—Yes, if time permits.—Is he coming back tonight?—I guess so.—She may not be free today.—If so, we’ll have to put the meeting off.8.在状语从句中也有省略现象:When (it is) completed, the power station will supply enough electricity.If (it is) necessary, I’ll go there myself.She told the children not to talk while (they were) eating.Anyone, no matter who (he is),may point out our shortcomings.9.并列句中的省略:后面分句与前句相同的部分,可省略。
I work in a factory and my brother (works) on a farm.My room is on the second floor and his, on the third.He majors in English and I in French.高考新剖析1. Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away____________ .[2009年高考上海卷]A. fleeing the thiefB.was fleeing the thiefC. the thief was fleeingD. fled the thief2. — Shall we have our picnic tomorrow?—____________ it doesn’t rain.[2009年高考山东卷]A. UntilB. WhileC.OnceD.IfDD3. Never in my wildest dreams____________ these people areliving in such poor conditions.A. I could imagineB. could I imagineC. I couldn’t imagineD. couldn’t I imagine4. It was announced that only when the fire was undercontrol____________ to return to their homes.[2008年高考江西卷]A. the residents would be permittedB. had the residents been permittedC. would the residents be permittedD. the residents had been permitted5. —Who should be responsible for the accident?—The boss, not the workers. They just carried out theorder____________ .[2008年高考福建卷]A. as toldB. as are toldC. as tellingD. as they toldBCA6. — How was the televised debate last night?—Super! Rarely____________ so much media attention.A. a debate attractedB. did a debate attractC. a debate did attractD. attracted a debate7. I have been living in the United States for twenty years, butseldom ____________so lonely as now.A. have I feltB. I had feltC. I have feltD. had I felt8. ____________homework did we have to do that we had no timeto take a rest.A. So muchB. Too muchC. Too littleD. So little9. —It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?—Yes. ____________ yesterday.A. So was itB. So it wasC. So it isD. So is it10. Little ____________we were watching his every move, so heseemed to be going his own way in this business.A. he realizedB. he didn’t realizeC. didn’t he realizeD. did he realize精题新探究1. — We have managed to put out the fire.—But, ____________we can’t be too careful.A. even thoughB. even soC. thereforeD. so2. You may take them all home____________.A. if possibleB. if canC. if impossibleD.if you are possible3. Water, ____________ enough, can change into vapor quickly.A. when heatedB. while heatingC. when to be heatedD. when is heated4. —Should I look up each word that I don’t understand?—No, turn to your dictionary only when____________.A. you are necessaryB. you needC. necessaryD. you are needed5. ____________that he found it difficult to stop at the red light.A. So fast he was drivingB. So fast he droveC. So fast was he drivingD. So fast drive he6. They waited and waited,____________they had been lookingforward to.A. then came the hourB. then did come the hourC. then the hour cameD. the hour then came7. ____________,I have never seen anyone capable as John.A. As long as I have traveledB. Now that I have traveled so muchC. Much as I have traveledD. As I have traveled so much8. ____________,I will learn it well.A. Whatever difficult English isB. No matter how difficult is EnglishC. However difficult English isD. Difficult as is English9. — Why can’t I smoke here?—At no time____________ in the meeting room.A. is smoking permittedB. smoking is permittedC. smoking is it permittedD. does smoking permit10. ____________ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were IB. I wereC. Were ID. Was I11. On the top of the hill_________ where the old man once lived.A. a temple stands thereB. a temple standingC. stands a templeD. does a temple stand12. —Can you tell me where my uncle is?—Yes, of course, _________.A. here your uncle comesB. here comes your uncleC. comes your uncle hereD. your uncle here comesC13. ____________ ,he would have passed the exam.A. If he worked hardB. If he were to work hardC. Had he worked hardD. If he was to work hard14. No sooner ____________the top of the mountain _________thesun rose.A. they had arrived on; thanB. had they reached; thanC. had they climbed to; whenD. they got to; when15. Only____________ as an interpreter____________ howimportant it was to practise speaking English.A. when I worked; I realizedB. when did I work; did I realizeC. when I work; did I realizeD. when I worked; did I realize。