【红宝书】考研英语十年真题-词汇解析(2010年)

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2010年考研英语真题及解析

2010年考研英语真题及解析Section I Use of English【文章综述】本文选自The Economist(《经济学家》，是一本专业报道商业和政治新闻的英文周刊), 原文题为Light Work; Questioning the Hawthorne Effect,（《照明效用：质疑霍桑效应》），刊登在该刊2009年6月4日的Finance and Economics（财政与经济学）专栏上。

其题材为科普知识类【考频4次】，文章介绍了著名的“霍桑效应”的产生过程及多年后人们对此所提出的质疑。

【试题连线】…………………………….…【选项分析】……………………………..….In1924 Awerica's National Research Councilsent two engineers to surpervise a series ofexperiments at a telephone-parts factory called theHawthorne Plant near Chicago.It hoped they wouldlearn how shop-floor lightingworkers'productivity. Instead, thestudies ended givingtheir name to the “Hawthorne effect，”the extremely influential idea thatexperimented upon changed subjects' behavior.The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the woman in the plant.According to 5 of the experimenteda,their hourly output rose when lighting was increased ,but also when it was dimmed.It did not 6 what was done in the experiment；7 something was changed ,productivity rose ,A(n) 8 that were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers' behavior 10 itself.After several decades, the same data were 11 to econometric analsis.The Hawthorne experiments had another surprise in stone. 12 the descriptions on record, no systematic 13 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to 14 interpretations of what happened. 15 , lighting was always changed on a Sunday.When work started again on Monday ,output 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 18 , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondaya. Workers 19to be diligent for the first few of the week in any case, beforeThis suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect” is hard to pin down.1.[A]affected影响[B]achieved 完成[C]extracted 提取；获取[D]restored 恢复2.[A]（ended）at 在某时刻结束[B]（ended）up 最终处于（意料之外的境况）；以……结束[C]（ended）with 以……结束[D] ended）off 结束3.[A]truth 真相[B]sight 看见[C]act 行为[D]proof 证据4.[A]controversial 有争议的[B]perplexing 令人费解的[C]mischievous 恶作剧的[D]ambiguous 意向不明的；模棱两可的5.[A]requirement 要求[B]explanations 解释[C]accounts 描述；叙述[D]assessments 评估6.[A]conclude 推断[B]matter 要紧[C]indicats 表明[D]work 起作用7.[A]as far as 至于[B]for fear that 唯恐[C]in case that 万一；以防[D]so long as 只要8.[A]awareness 意识；知道[B]expectation 期待[C]sentiment 情绪[D]illusion 幻想9.[A]suitable 适合的[B]excessive 过度[C]enough 足够的[D]aboundant 充裕的10.[A]about 关于[B]for 为了[C]on 关于[D]by（oneself）单独地11.[A]compared 比较[B]shown 宣示[C]subjected 使……遭受[D]conveyed 传达12.[A]Contrary to 与……相反的[B]Consistent with 与……相一致的[C]Parallel with 与…相应的[D]Peculiar to 特有的13.[A]evidence 证据[B]guidance 指导[C]implication 暗示；可能的影响（或结果）[D]source 来源14.[A]disputable 有争议的[B]enlightening 给人启迪的[C]reliable 可信的[D]misleading 误导的15.[A]In contrast 相比之下[B]For example 例如[C]In consequence 结果是；因此[D]As usual 像平常一样16.[A]duly 适当地；按时地[B]accidentally 偶然地[C]unpredictably 变幻莫测的[D]suddenly 突然地17.[A]failed（to do）未能做[B]ceased（to do）停止做[C]started（to do）开始做[D]continued（to do）继续做18.[A]Therefore 因此[B]Furthermore 此外；而且[C]However 然而[D]Meanwhile 同时19.[A]attempted（to do）试图做[B]tended（to do）往往会[C]chose（to do）选择做[D]intended（to do）打算做20.[A]breaking 打破；突破[B]climbing 攀升[C]surpassing 超过[D]hitting 达到【核心词汇】allege [əˈledʒ] v.断言，宣称；指控，辩解（al表强调+lege→表强调讲→宣称）;-ed,adj. 声称的；所谓的arise[ə^raiz]v.发生；产生；出现influential[influ^en∫l]adj. 有影响的interpretation[inʌtЗ:pri^tei∫] n.解释；说明plateau[ˈplætəu]n.高原,（发展、增长后的）平稳状态(时期);停滞时期（plat+eau名词后缀→平坦地）slack［slAk］a.懈怠的,松弛的;萧条的n.淡季;(pl.)便裤;-en,v.使松弛，使萧条surpervise [^su:pəvaiz]v. 监督；管理；指导systematic［sisti5mAtik］a.(systematical)系统的,有组织的，成体系的，有规律的;-ic,人或学科（表名词）【超纲词汇】duly[ˈdu:li] adv. 1. 正确地, 适当地,恰当的2. 按时地, 准时地,适时地shop-floor[∫op^flʌ:(r)]n.车间；工厂【常用词组】experiment on/upon 用………做实验give one’s name to以……的名字命名（新生的）事物go up(价格、水平等)上涨；上升；增长in store(for sb) 1. 储备着, 贮藏着2. 将要发生, 就要出现on record有记载的, 记录在案的, 公开发表的pin down 1. 把…固定住; 使动弹不得2. 迫使作出决定, 采取行动slacken off 松懈下来；减缓turn out 结果（是）；原来（是）【答案与详解】1.答案→A 考点→上下文关系与动词词义辨析。

2010年考研英语真题词汇

2010年考研英语真题词汇swine flu 猪流感epidemic 传染病，流行病heightened 提高的，增加的alert 警惕，警戒assemble 召集，召开（会议）severity 严重程度in progress 在进行中hospitalization 长期住院，住院治疗crop up 突然出现，突然发生virtually 几乎，事实上stockpile 库存，积蓄vaccine 疫苗dose （药物的）剂量，一剂relay 转送，转发（信息，消息等）place order 订购，下订单take order 接受订单deliver order 交付订货give order 下订单，订购prevalent 流行的，普遍的agony 极大的痛苦，痛楚ward 监护，守护；挡住，架住；避开；收容ward off 避开，挡住auctioneer 拍卖师，拍卖商bid 出价，投标bull run 牛市态势file for 申请，提交momentum 势头bewilderingly 令人费解地reckon 认为rise bewilderingly 急剧增长enormous egos 膨胀的自我unfashionable 不合时宜的，过时的auction house 拍卖行downturn （经济活动、生产等）下降、衰退fluctuant 波动的slump （价格、数值等）暴跌、不景气、萧条address 发表演说、向…讲话suburban 郊区的crystallize 使明确化、使具体化irony 具有讽刺意味的情况wreak （对某物）造成破坏，造成混乱havoc 灾难，混乱wreak havoc with 给…带来浩劫virtual 实际上的，事实上的tangible 确凿的、实在的，有形的（资产）stereotypical 典型的，带有成见的cue 提示、暗示hygiene 卫生（学）subtle 微妙的disinfecting 消毒的shrewd 精明的adolescent 青春期的ritual 仪式，例行公事slip A in between B and C 将A悄悄放在B和C之间viable 可行的ruthless 无情的、残忍的tactic 策略；战术，战略jury 陪审团qualification 限定性条件，资格，授权entitled 有资格的verdict 裁定，裁决intentional 有意的elite 精英，掌权人物blue-ribbon 一流的、头等的eligible 有资格的，合适的，合格的exempt 免除、豁免unconstitutional 违反宪法的，不符合章程trumpet 大声宣告、大肆宣扬substantially 实质上、大体上intimate 亲近的aviation 航空sustainability 忍受力，持续性sign on with 与…签约translate 导致、造成reciprocate 报答，回报stagnant 停滞的。

考研英语红宝书——10年真题_部分9

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【词性】． ?ｎ【词义】奇事：ｔｈｅ～ｓｏｆｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ世界奇观／Ｂｏｏｋｓ ① 奇迹，ａｒｅｆｉｌｌｅｄｗｉｔｈｍａｎｙ～ｓ．书中充满了新奇的事物。惊讶：Ｈｅｆｅｌｔ～ｍｉｎｇｌｅｄｗｉｔｈａｗｅａｔｔｈｅＧｒａｎｄ ② 惊奇，面对着大峡谷，他又惊奇又惶恐。Ｃａｎｙｏｎ．【同义】ｉｒａｃｌｅ② ｓｕｒｐｒｉｓｅ，ａｍａｚｅｍｅｎｔ ①ｍ【词性】． ?ｖ【词义】ａｔ）感到惊讶，感到诧异：Ｉ～ａｔｈｉｓｒｕｄｅｎｅｓｓ．我 ①（对他的粗鲁感到惊讶。想要知道：Ｉ～ｈｏｗｙｏｕｃａｍｅｔｏｍｉｓｓｙｏｕｒ ② 感到疑惑，ｗａｙ．我想知道你是怎样迷路的。【词组】ｎｏ（或ｌｉｔｔｌｅ，ｓｍａｌｌ，ｗｈａｔ）ｗｏｎｄｅｒ难怪，怪不得【派生】ｗｏｎｄｅｒｆｕｌ［ｗｎｄｆｌ］ａｄｊ．惊人的，奇妙的，极好的ｕｌｂ［ｂｌｂ］ｎ． ⒉ｂ【词义】Ｔｈｉｓｌｉｇｈｔｂｕｌｂｈａｓｇｏｎｅ．这灯泡不亮了。 ① 灯泡：状物），球状物：Ｒｏｏｔｔｈｅ～ｓｉｎｐｏｔｔｉｎｇｓｏｉｌ．把 ② 鳞茎（这些球茎扦插在盆栽土壤里。ｐｔｉｏｎ［ｐｎ］ｎ． ⒊ｏ【词义】选择权：Ｉｈａｖｅｎｔｍｕｃｈ～ｉｎｔｈｅｍａｔｔｅｒ．在这 ① 选项，件事情上我无可选择。ａｎ～ｏｎａｐａｃｋａｇｅｈｏｌｉｄａｙ包价旅游选 ② 买卖的特权：择权【词组】ｏｐｔｉｏｎｏｎｓｔｈ． ……的选择权ｎｓｔｉｎｃｔ［ｉｎｓｔｉｋｔ］ｎ． ⒋ｉ【词义】本能，直觉，天性：Ｗｅｓｏｍｅｔｉｍｅｓａｃｔｏｎ～．我们有时凭直觉办事。

2010英语考研真题解释

2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题答案及详解Section I Use of English1.A解析：A项 affect 意思是“影响，感动”; B项 achieve意思是“达成，完成”; C 项extract意思是“提取，榨出”;D项restore是“恢复，重建”. 这句话的意思是：他们想通过实验探究车间照明是如何影响工人的生产率的，所以答案是A。

2.B解析：本题考查了固定短语end up 的用法，end up 意思是“最终成为……”，end 和其它三个介词的搭配都无此意，故选B。

3.C解析：本句的大意为：研究最终总结为一个极具影响力的概念—“霍桑效应”，也正是实验所研究的行为改变了工人们的表现。

所以这里应选择C。

4.B解析：作者这里表达的意思是这个问题之所以引起大家的注意是因为工厂女工的行为令人费解。

四个选项中perplexing意为“令人费解的”，所以正确答案为B。

5.C解析：本句的含义是：根据研究描述，当照明灯变亮或变暗时，工人的时产量就会提高。

四个选项中有描述含义的是C项 accounts。

6.B解析：这句话的意思是：实验中做什么并不重要。

Do not matter 固定表达，故选B。

7.D解析：考查so long as 短语，意思是“只有”，句子意思是：只要有改变，生产率就会上升。

8.A解析：A项awareness 意思是“意识”，B项expectation意为“期望”，C项sentiment 意为“”观点，意见，D项illusion 为“幻觉”，本句的大意是说：工人知到自己本身是被研究对象-这一意识就足以改变他们的行为。

所以选A。

9.C解析：见第8题解析。

10.D解析：见第8题解析。

11.C解析：be subjected to表示“服从于，与……一致’，为固定短语。

12.A解析：contrary to表示“与…相反“。

根据语境提示，空白处需要填写一个能表示转折意味的链接词。

2010考研英语真题(含答案)

2010年全国硕士研究生统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting1 workers' productivity. Instead, the studies ended 2 giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very 3 to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to 5 of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not 6 what was done in the experiment; 7something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) 8 that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers' behavior 10itself.After several decades, the same data were 11 to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store 12the descriptions on record, no systematic 13 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may behave let to 14 interpretation of what happed. 15, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output 16rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 18, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers 19 to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 20 a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2. [A] at [B] up [C] with [D] off3. [A] truth [B] sight [C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C] mischievous [D] ambiguous5. [A] requirements [B] explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B] shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] peculiar to13. [A] evidence [B] guidance [C] implication [D] source14. [A] disputable [B] enlightening [C] reliable [D] misleading15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16. [A] duly [B] accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A] failed [B] ceased [C] started [D] continued20. [A] breaking [B] climbing [C] surpassing [D] hitting Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which itappeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.’”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus’s crit icism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by[A] free themes.[B] casual style.[C] elaborate layout.[D] radical viewpoints.23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?[A] It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.[C] His style caters largely to modern specialists.[D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism[D] Prominent Critics in MemoryText 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. received one for its "one-click"online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known , is "a very big deal", says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It "has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents."Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whetherit should "reconsider" its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuit's action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for "inventions" that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are "reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court", says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word "about-face" (Line 1, Para 3) most probably means[A] loss of good will[B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of dignity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the "two step flow of communication": Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trendsIn their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers' argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call "global cascades"–the widespread propagation of influence through networks – is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people, each of whom adopts, say, a look or a brand after being exposed to a single adopting neighbor. Regardless of how influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction.31. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to[A] analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B] discuss influentials' function in spreading ideas[C] exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemics[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32. The author suggests that the "two-step-flow theory"[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C] has won support from influentials[D] requires solid evidence for its validity33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34. The underlined phrase "these people" in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influence[B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35. what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A] The eagerness to be accepted[B] The impulse to influence others[C] The readiness to be influenced[D] The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public.Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it's just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks' lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America's Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB's chairman, cried out against those who "question our motives." Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls "the use of judgment by management."European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did "not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real word" and that Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank's shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investorsare skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B] collect payments from third parties[C] cooperate with the price managers[D] reevaluate some of their assets.37. According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A] the diminishing role of management[B] the revival of the banking system[C] the banks' long-term asset losses[D] the weakening of its independence38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB's attempt to[A] keep away from political influences.[B] evade the pressure from their peers.[C] act on their own in rule-setting.[D] take gradual measures in reform.39. The author thinks the banks were "on the wrong planet" in thatthey[A] misinterpreted market price indicators[B] exaggerated the real value of their assets[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts.[D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40. The author's attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A] satisfaction.[B] skepticism.[C] objectiveness[D] sympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe's largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry foropportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy .At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains,are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don't eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as "horeca": hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe's wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.41→42→43→44→E→45Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if itsstability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. (48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops. (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.Section ⅢWritingPart A51. Directions:You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "postgraduate association" instead.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)Part B (10 points)Part C (10 points)46.科学家们提出一些明显站不住脚的证据迅速来拯救，其大意是：如果鸟类无法控制害虫，那么这些害虫就会吃光我们人类。

2010年考研英语真题及答案完整解析

2010年考研英语真题与答案解析从2010年开始，全国硕士研究生入学考试的英语试卷分为了英语（一）和英语（二）。

英语（一）即原统考“英语”。

英语（二）主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。

英语一考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构（一）考试形式考试形式为笔试。

考试时间为180分钟。

满分为100分。

试卷包括试题册和答题卡。

答题卡分为答题卡1和答题卡2。

考生应将1~45题的答案按要求填涂在答题卡1上，将46~52题的答案写在答题卡2上。

（二）考试内容试题分三部分，共52题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。

第一部分英语知识运用该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素（包括词汇、表达方式和结构）的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征（如连贯性和一致性等）的辨识能力等。

共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。

在一篇240~280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。

考生在答题卡1上作答。

第二部分阅读理解该部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。

共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。

A节（20小题）：主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。

要求考生根据所提供的4篇（总长度约为1600词）文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。

考生在答题卡1上作答。

B节（5小题）：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。

本部分有3种备选题型。

每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。

考生在答题卡1上作答。

备选题型有：1）本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字。

要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。

2）在一篇长度约500~600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱，要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落（7~8个）重新排序，其中有2~3个段落在文章中的位置已给出。

红宝书英语词汇

红宝书英语词汇1-4(总7页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--【红宝书】考研英语词汇（必考词+基础词+超纲词）Unit 1c onsole 安慰，慰问；控制台，仪表板consist 组成，构成；一致，符合consistent 前后一致的，始终如一的constant 坚定的，永恒的，忠实的；经常的，不断的constituent 构成的，组成的；成分，要素constitute 组成，构成；建立，制定constitution 构成，构造；体格，体质；宪法constrain 强迫(某人)做某事construct 建造，构造；创立，构思distinct 有区别的；明显的distinction 差别，区分distinguish 区别，辨别；使杰出overlook 眺望；忽略；宽容，放任overseas 外国的，海外的；在海外fruitful 多产的，果实累累的；富有成效的frustrate 挫败，阻挠，使灰心；使无效fulfil/fulfill 履行，实现，完成；(使)满意function 功能，职责；运行，起作用fund 资金，基金；储备，蕴藏fundamental 基础的，基本的；基本原则anguish 极度痛苦，苦恼；使痛苦，悲痛annoy 使恼怒，使生气；打搅，骚扰annual 每年的；全年的；年刊，年鉴monopoly 垄断，专卖monotonous 单调无聊的，毫无变化的mood 心境，情绪；语气transmission 播送，发射，传送，传染，传播transmit 传送，传递；播送，发射；传染，传播transplant 移植，移种；移居transport 运输，运送；运输系统，运载工具stride 阔步前进；大步，阔步strike 打击，进攻；罢工；偶然发现striking 显着的，突出的string 细绳；一连串，一系列；串起structure 建筑物；结构，构造stun 使震惊，使晕倒；晕眩，惊倒primary 初级的，最初的；首要的；基本的prime 第一的，原始的；初期，全盛时期；使准备好，做准备primitive 早期的；简单的，粗糙的，落后的principal 最重要的，主要的；负责人；资本；主角；当事人principle 原理，原则psychiatry 精神病学，精神病治疗法psychology 心理学，心理；心理特征liability 责任，义务；债务；倾向liable 负有(法律)责任的，有义务的；易出问题的，易患病的liberal 不严格的；(政治或经济上)自由的，支持(社会、政治)变革的；慷慨的；宽容的人，开明的人liberate 解放，释放，使自由license/licence 许可证，执照；准许，认可innocent 清白的，无罪的；天真的，单纯的innovation 革新，改革；新方法，新技术，新思想environment 环境，客观环境，自然环境，生态环境enterprise 事业心，进取心；事业，企(事)业单位entertain 招待，款待；使有兴趣entertainment 招待，款待；文娱节目【红宝书】必考词——?unit?2pose 摆姿势，炫耀；提出；陈述；产生，引起，造成；冒充，假扮；姿势；姿态position 位置，地方；地位，身份，等级；职位；姿态；见解，立场，态度；处境，状况；安置；安装；使处于，定位positive 积极乐观的，自信的；确实的，明确的，肯定的；积极的，建设性的；十足的,完全的；优势,优点possess 拥有(某物)；拥有(某种品质或才能)；支配，控制possession 拥有；所有权；财产，所有物dilute 冲淡；削弱，降低；稀释的，冲淡的dim 暗淡的，模糊的；愚笨的；不乐观的diminish 削弱，减少，缩小；贬低，轻视amateur 业余爱好者；外行；业余爱好的；外行的amaze 使惊愕，使惊异ambiguous 含糊不清的，模棱两可的，不明确的ambition 野心；雄心，抱负；追求的目标ambitious 有雄心的，野心勃勃的；费力的；耗时的；耗资的；艰巨的bubble 水泡，气泡；幻想的计划budget 预算；财政收支状况；做预算，按计划花钱build 体形，体格，身材；结构；建造，建立business 商业，生意，营业额；任务，职责，公事；企业，公司，店铺，商号compress 压缩；精简，浓缩comprise 包含，包括；构成，组成compromise 妥协，折中conceive 构想出，设想；想象；认为concentrate 集中，专心；浓缩；浓缩物concept 观念，概念conception 概念，观念，计划，意图；设想；怀孕concern 关心，挂念；涉及，关系到concise 简明的，简洁的concrete 具体的，确实的；混凝土；用混凝土修筑conclude 结束，终止；断定，下结论；缔结；议定conclusion 结束，终结；结论，推论confer 商谈，商议；授予，赋予conference 会议，讨论会confess 坦白，承认，忏悔epidemic 流行性的，传染的；流行病；泛滥，传播episode 片断，一段情节；一集epoch 时代，纪元，时期indifferent 冷淡的，不关心的，不积极的；一般的，平庸的；不偏的，中立的indignant 愤怒的，愤慨的indignation 愤怒，愤慨indispensable 必不可少的，必需的individual 个人的，单独的；独特的；个人，与众不同的人mess 混乱，困境；脏乱；弄脏，弄乱message 通讯，消息，信息；启示，要旨，主题思想,寓意；(用电脑、手机等)给……发消息messenger 送信者，使者method 方法，措施；方式；条理，规律militant 好战的，积极从事或支持使用武力的，激进的military 军事的，军用的，军队的；军队，军方，军人mind 头脑，精神；悟性；注意力；在乎redeem 补救，弥补；(尤指基督教的)拯救，救赎；付清；兑现；履行，遵守reduce 减少，缩小；简化；还原reduction 减少，缩小refer 提到；参考；询问，查询reference 提及，涉及；参考，参照；查阅；推荐信spoil 损坏，毁坏；宠坏，溺爱sponsor 发起者，赞助者；发起，举办；资助，赞助spread 伸展；散布，传播；(使)蔓延，扩散，延伸；广泛，多样；差额，价差spur 促进，激励，鞭策；刺激spy 间谍，密探；刺探；搜集情报；发现stability 稳定（性），安定（性）stable 稳定的，安定的；沉稳的，可靠的staff 全体职员，行政人员；为（某部门）配备人员stage 舞台；阶段，时期；步骤【红宝书】必考词—— unit 3Unit 3remote 疏远的，远离的；遥远的，偏僻的remove 搬迁，移动；挪走；消除；开除，撤职removal 移动，迁居；除去，切除remain 剩下，余留；留待；仍然是remainder 剩余物，残余部分；其他人员；余数remains 残余；遗迹，废墟remedy 治疗，药品；补救，纠正；革除，消除remember 记得，回想起remind 提醒，使想起render 使成为；给予，回报；提出contemporary 同时代的；当代的；同代人contempt 轻视，轻蔑content 容量；内容；满足，愿意contend 竞争，争夺；声称，主张contest 竞赛，比赛；争夺，争论context 语境；环境，背景continual 不断的，连续的continue 连续，继续continuous 连续的，持续的contract 合同，契约；缩小，缩短，缩紧contradict 反驳；同……相矛盾contrary 相反的，对抗的；对方的；反对，对立面contrast 使成对比；对照，对比diverse 多种多样的，不同的diversion 转向，转移；娱乐，消遣divert 转移某人的注意力；转向；挪用资金divide 划分；分配；分开，隔开dividend 股息，红利，报酬division 分开，分配；部门；分歧document 文件，文献documentary 文献的，文件的；纪录片execute 实行，实施，履行executive 实行的，执行的，行政的；总经理，董事exemplify 列举，举例证明exert 用(力)，尽(力)；发挥；施加(压力等)exhaust 抽完；耗尽；排气装置；废气exist 存在，生活existence 存在，生存，生活exotic 由外国引进的；吸引人的；外来物，外来语moral 道德的，道义的；寓意morality 道德，美德moreover 再者，此外，而且mostly 主要地，大部分，基本上prior 先前的；优先的；更重要的priority 先前，优先，优先权privacy 隐居；私事，隐私private 私人的，个体的；秘密的privilege 特权，优惠；特殊的待遇prove 证明；检验，考验，鉴定provide 提供；规定provided 倘若，只要，假如prudent 谨慎的，小心的；有先见之明的subject 题目，主题；学科，科目；受……支配的；需要……的subjective 主观的，个人的submit 屈服，投降；听从；提交subordinate 下级的；附属的，次要的subscribe 捐助；订阅；同意；签名subsequent 随后的，后来的substance 物质；基本内容；财力，资产substantial 实质的，真实的；坚固的；大量的，富裕的；重要的substitute 代替者，代替物；代替，替换subtle 微妙的；细致的；敏锐的；精妙的treat 对待，处理；论述，探讨；款待，请客treaty 条约trend 倾向，趋势；时髦，时尚associate 联系，联合，结合；联合的，合伙的association 协会，团体；联系；联想amend 修改，修订；改进，改善among(st) 在……之中，在……中间amount 数量，总额；达到……之多ample 充足的，丰富的；宽敞的，面积大的amuse 逗乐，给……提供娱乐anchor 精神支柱；抛锚，停留；固定，扎根【红宝书】必考词—— unit 4stand 站立；坐落，位于；坚持；经受，忍受；台，座standard 标准，水平，规格，规范；普通的，标准的standpoint 立场，观点start 开始；出发；启动；开端，开始，起点；吃惊startle 惊讶，惊吓，使吃惊starve 挨饿；急需，渴望state 状态，情况；国，州；陈述，说明statement 声明，陈述statesman 政治家，国务活动家statistics 统计数据；统计资料；统计学statue 塑像，雕塑status 地位，身份；情形，状况statute 法令，法规，规则，条例stay 停留；保持；逗留；作客steady 牢固的；坚定的；使稳固，使稳定steer 掌舵，驾驶；带领，指导stem 茎，干；制止，阻止；起源于某事物step 脚步；台阶；步骤，措施；踏，走stern 严厉的，严肃的，严格的；船尾，飞机尾部anonymous 匿名的；无特色的answer 答案，回答；响应；符合anticipate 预期，期望；先发制人；使提前发生anxiety 焦虑，担心，不安；渴望，热望anxious 焦虑的，发愁的；渴望的，急切的apart 分离，分开；相隔；单独地，个别地；分离的assassinate 暗杀，行刺；破坏assault 攻击，袭击；强暴assemble 集合，召集；装配，组装assembly 集合，集会；装配，安装assert 主张，维护component 一部分的，组成的；组成部分，成份，部件compose 组成；创作；使平静composition 作品；作曲；结构；组成comprehend 理解，了解comprehension 理解，了解comprehensive 广泛的，综合的condemn 谴责；判刑condense 压缩，凝结，使简洁condition 状况，状态；环境，情况conduct 行为，举止；引导；处理；指挥；传导conductor 领队，指挥；售票员，列车员；导体，导线disable 使残疾（废）disappear 不见，消失disappoint 使失望，使扫兴discipline 纪律；训练，自制力；行为准则；(尤指大学里的)学科，专业，科目disclose 揭露，透露，使公开discover 发现discovery 发现；被发现的事物hoist 举起，升起，吊起hold 抓住；抑制；容纳；举行；掌握；控制holder 持有者，占有者；支持物household 家庭；家庭的however 无论如何，不管怎样；然而huddle 蜷缩；聚集在一起narrative 叙述性的；叙述narrow 狭窄的；狭隘的nasty 龌龊的；下流的，讨厌的，严重的nation 民族，国家national 民族的，国家的，国立的nationality 国籍；民族native 本地的，本国的；天生的；本地人，本国人natural 自然的；天生的nature 大自然；本性，天性overall 全面的，总体的；全部；总体上；工作服，工装裤overcome 克服，占胜overlap 重叠，部分重叠portion 部分，分配possibility 可能，可能性；希望；机会possible 可能的；潜在的，合适的，合适的人（或物）potential 潜在性，可能性；潜在的，可能的pour 倒，注，灌；倾泻，涌流。

考研真题答案2010英语

考研真题答案2010英语本文为考研真题2010年英语科目的答案解析。

以下将根据题目顺序逐一给出答案，并提供详细的解析和分析。

Section I Use of English1. 【答案】D) dedication【解析】本题考查名词辨析。

dedication意为“奉献、投入”，符合句意和语境。

2. 【答案】C) embarrassed【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。

embarrassed表示“尴尬的、局促不安的”，符合句意和语境。

3. 【答案】A) remove【解析】本题考查动词辨析。

remove意为“移除、搬开”，符合句意和语境。

4. 【答案】B) interacting【解析】本题考查动词辨析。

interacting表示“互动”，符合句意和语境。

5. 【答案】D) consequence【解析】本题考查名词辨析。

consequence意为“结果、后果”，符合句意和语境。

Section II Reading ComprehensionPart A6. 【答案】D) in time【解析】本题考查固定短语辨析。

句意为“年轻时，Berlioz（意指法国作曲家埃克托尔·贝里奥兹）没有足够的时间去追随他天才的音乐才华。

”in time意为“及时”，符合句意和语境。

7. 【答案】C) It was demanding to make a living as a musician.【解析】本题考查细节理解。

根据第二段第一句可知，即使在大都市巴黎，要靠音乐谋生也是十分困难的。

故选C。

8. 【答案】A) The breathtaking effects of his symphonies.【解析】本题考查细节理解。

根据第四段第一句可知，贝里奥兹音乐的惊人效果为当时的听众所吃惊。

故选A。

9. 【答案】B) The inadequacy of his grammar and vocabulary.【解析】本题考查细节理解。

2010年考研英语真题答案及解析

10.[A] about (oneself) 关于自己
[B] for (oneself) 为自己
[C] on (oneself)
[D] by (oneself) 独立地，无人帮助地，独自地
【答案】 D
【考点】上下文语义衔接+固定搭配
【解析】本题考查的是“介词+oneself”的用法。反身代词与不同的介词连用，可表达不同的意思。本题的关键是在
二、试题解析
1.[A] affected 影响 [B] achieved 取得；获得
[C] extracted 提取；榨出
[D] restored 恢复；修复
【答案】 A
【考点】上下文语义衔接+动词辨析
【解析】空格处所填的词说明工厂的照明与工人劳动生产率之间的关系，显然这里需要的意思是“影响”。achieve
表示“达到，完成”，extract 表示“提取；榨出”，restore 表示“恢复，使修复”，都与句意不符，只有 A 选
项符合句意。此句要表达的意思是“工厂的照明如何影响工人的劳动生产率。”而其它三项虽然都能与空格前
后的主语和宾语连用。但是放在这里，句意不通顺，所以排除。故本题答案为 A。
2.[A] at 倾向于
1
因此这个现象是“令人费解的”，只有 perplexing 有此意，而其它三个选项虽然也都可用于修饰空后的 behavior。然而联系上下文，上下文并没有涉及到妇女们的行为是“有争议的”、“恶作剧的”或“引起歧义的”，故本
题的正确答案是 B。
5.[A] requirements 要求 [B] explanations 解释；说明 [C] accounts 报告；描述 [D] assessments 评定；估价

【新东方】十年考研英语真题词汇(2010年至2001年)

十年考研英语真题词汇大全2010年考研真题词汇1.council2.supervise3.a series of4.productivity5.influential6.subject7.arise8.hourly9.output10.d im11.a lter12.d ecade13.a nalysis14.d escription15.s ystematic16.t urn out17.p eculiar 18.i nterpretation19.c ompared with20.p revious21.c omparison22.e xperimentation23.d iligent24.p lateau25.s lacken26.a llege27.i n any case28.p in down29.c ontroversial30.p erplex31.m ischievous32.a mbiguous33.a ccount34.a ssessment35.s entiment36.i llusion37.e xcessive38.a bundant39.c onsistent with40.p arallel41.d isputable42.g uidance43.e nlighten44.r eliable45.i n consequence46.d uly47.a ccidentally48.c eased49.s urpass50.e xtractGroup 21.patent2.grant3.payment4.asset5.allocation6.strategy7.scale8.hack9.authorize10.b road view11.f ederal12.c urb13.c laim14.d ramatic15.a bout-face16.m utual17.e xplosion18.i nitially19.e xclusive 20.t ransaction21.d efensive22.p unch23.f inancial24.i nvolve25.h edge26.c ircuit27.u nusual28.e valuate29.s upreme30.s cope31.j ustice32.a ttorney33.u phold34.r estriction35.d ismiss36.h ostility37.p revail38.e steem39.b e immune to40.i ncidenceGroup 31.epidemics2.in large part3.minority4.persuasive5.intuitivelypelling7.actually8.plausible9.embrace10.p opularity11.a necdotal12.c ome up with13.i mpact (on)14.a rgument15.w ith theexception of16.c elebrity17.o utsize18.p resence19.p rimarily20.f unction21.i nterpersonal22.i nteract with23.p recisely24.c olleague25.a cquaintance26.i n turn27.i nitial28.r esistant29.p ropagate30.d ynamics31.m anipulate32.v ariables33.a number of34.t endency 35.i nclination36.c hannel37.i ntuitive38.v alidity39.e xemplify40.r esponseGroup 41.scene2.moan3.enormous4.at the price5.regulator6.unfortunately7.lobby8.detail9.unknowable10.e ssential11.c apital12.t oxic13.r evive14.b ruising15.e ncounter16.b oard17.r ush through18.i lliquid19.f lexibility20.m otive21.m inister22.i nstantly23.l ikewise24.o verall25.p ressure26.f old27.r econstruction28.c ommissioner29.v acuum30.v astly31.o vervalue32.o verstate33.t emporary34.i lliquidity35.s keptical36.p aralysis37.f or fear of38.r eluctant39.b argain40.a ttractive41.c ombative42.o ption43.p ension44.c oncession45.u nfavorable46.r evival47.e xaggerate48.n eglect49.m isinterpret50.p eer Group 51.preference2.consumption3.approach4.boost5.wholesale6.segment7.recession8.loom9.realistic10.a lternative11.s tandstill12.o pportunity13.r etailer14.p rofitable15.v ariation16.b ring about17.f lexible18.d ominate19.p otential20.a t any rate21.u ltimately22.a cclaim23.d omestic24.r egardless of25.p attern26.t ake hold27.i ntricacy28.s ubstantial29.i nspection30.r eveal31.s egment32.c ompetitive33.d ynamic34.c ategory35.i dentify36.e ntrench37.c ompetitor38.u nfamiliar39.r anger from40.s nack41.i nstitutional42.c atering43.v enture44.m argin45.c ompetitive46.f ragmented47.f easible48.c onsiderate49.d eter50.c onsiderable Group 61.motivemunity3.creature4.biotic5.stability6.intensity7.be entitled to8.continuance9.category10.t hreaten11.i nvert12.a t the beginningof13.b e supposed to14.d istinctly15.s haky evidence16.e at up17.v alid18.c ambric19.p ainful20.e thic21.i ntrinsic22.r egardless of23.i n respect of24.p redatory25.m ammals26.b iologist27.o verwordedevidence28.p reserve29.p hysically weak30.w orthless31.s pecies32.f orester33.e cologically34.c ommercial35.w ithin reason36.s um up37.s olely38.l opsided39.e liminate40.p at2009年考研真题词汇Group 11.fruit fly2.terrifically3.option4.upkeep5.instinct6.apparently7.adaptive8.wistful9.cast10.i mplicitly11.s mall-scale12.o perant13.f aithfulness14.t errain15.m erely16.i nconclusive17.p riority 18.i nclination19.t endency20.p ut forward21.i ncredible22.s pontaneous23.i ndefinite24.m oderate25.f undamental26.c omprehensive27.e quivalent28.h ostile29.b y accident30.d eliverGroup 21.mindlessly2.unconscious3.routine4.unreflecting5.herd6.negative7.connotation8.antithetical9.talk about10.c ontext11.c reativity12.i nnovation13.s ynaptic14.t rack15.k ill off16.p rocedure17.b e worn into18.h ippocampus19.d eliberately20.i ngrain21.p athway22.b ypass23.f ascination24.e xecutive25.c onsultant26.p artner27.e xplore28.w ork through29.c apacity30.a pproach31.c hallenge32.p rimary33.a nalytically34.p rocedurally35.p uberty36.s hut down37.p reserve38.m ode39.v aluable40.s tandardize41.h ighlight 42.i nherently43.p erpetuated44.f oster45.c ommonness46.m echanical47.d ecisiveness48.f antastic49.a ctivate50.c uriosityGroup 31.paternal2.confirm3.paternity4.drugstore5.purchase6.available7.prescription8.range from9.kinship10.a dopt11.b iological12.p assionate13.g enealogist14.g eographic15.s aliva16.p otential17.f alse18.p recision19.h awk20.s keptical21.a ncestry22.l ineage23.c hromosome24.i nherit25.p ass down26.g enetic27.r eference28.d atabase29.l ump30.b e subject to31.p eer32.r eview33.e valuation34.f lexibility35.h ousehold36.a ccuracy37.o verlap38.s ystematically39.b iological40.b oostGroup 41.relationship2.formal3.alike4.conventional5.priority6.promote7.fortunate8.performance9.institution10.c onsistently11.r adical12.r adically13.i ronically14.r ecessing15.p eak16.d eride17.a utomotive18.c ounterpart19.c onstruction20.i lliterate21.c omplexity22.s uspect23.h umanity24.p otential25.i n turn26.s ufficient27.p overty28.b roader29.c onstrain30.w orkforce31.s ubstantially32.v ictim33.d owngradedGroup 51.philosophy2.colonial3.be attached to4.intellectual5.pursuit6.theme7.unfolding8.dominant9.puritan10.n ormally11.d istinctive12.s cene13.a djust14.c ircumstance15.c ivility16.e pisode17.i mpressive18.e xtensively19.a tmosphere20.l iterary21.s uperstition22.e migrate23.a n account of24.f rustration25.r eligious26.d ecisive27.m agical28.s ermon29.c ommitment 30.m ock31.c onfront32.c lergyman33.e ndeavor34.m otivate35.i llusoryGroup 61.coincide2.groundbreaking3.evolution4.philosopher5.worldly6.phenomena7.perfection8.anthropology9.anthropologist10.u niqueness11.b roader12.r eject13.i n favor of14.v irtually15.a chievement16.e volutionary17.r einforce18.s olidarity19.l inguistics20.a natomy21.c haracterize22.c eremony23.s ignify24.f ormally25.i nitiation26.d iverse27.p roperty28.i ntegrate29.p ottery30.o riginateGroup 71.deliberate2.former3.incidental4.enlarge5.motive6.ward off7.evil 8.gratify9.appetite10.s ecure11.p erpetuity12.s ystematic13.e nslavement14.i ndustriousness15.i n contact with16.d isposition17.a ccomplish18.c onsequence19.u ltimate20.d istinguish21.l oyal22.i nstill2008年考研真题词汇Group 11.hypotheses2.popularize3.bacteria4.infection5.arouse6.controversy7.tremble8.humanity9.bring about 10.o riginate from11.e lites12.w orld-renowned13.n asty14.i solation15.i ntimately16.r esult in17.o blige18.r are19.s ubsequently20.p resently21.d isproportionately22.u naccountably23.m ission24.c areer25.a ffirm26.w itness27.a pprove28.a ssess29.a dminister30.o rigin31.i nstrument32.c onvert33.p aradoxical34.i ncompatible35.c ontinuous Group 21.sphere2.undesirable3.category4.susceptible5.depression6.disorder7.in response to8.psychiatrist9.hormone10.t rigger11.o varies 12.d ose13.c ope with14.t olerate15.v isibly16.e xpose to17.c hronic18.r andom19.v iolence20.c ombat21.i nterpersonal22.d omestic23.d evastate24.g ive birth to25.f rustration26.p aycheck27.o bligation28.s train29.d emonstrate30.d iffuse31.t hreatenGroup 31.straightforward2.submit3.journal4.remove5.editor6.publication7.subscribe8.agencymercial10.r estrict11.a ccess12.f ar-reaching13.h andsome14.p rofit15.e ndeavor16.d istribution17.e stimate18.s pecialize in19.s cholarly20.i dentify21.s ubscriber22.r epository23.h ybrid24.r ender25.p ose26.s ubmission27.f acilitate28.u pset29.c rucial30.c onsiderablyGroup 41.professional2.dramatically3.uniform4.frame5.obscure6.unrecognized7.recruit8.calories9.nutrient10.n otably11.p rotein12.t issue13.a dolescence14.s ecular15.g eneticallyspeaking16.u pright17.b ipedal18.p osture19.w ithstand20.s train21.i mpose22.o versize23.l imb24.c onstraint25.a rchitecture26.o rganism27.m aximum28.s enior29.a lteration30.m ilitaryGroup 51.dentist2.transplant3.jaw4.extract5.cherry6.chop7.historian8.focus on9.slavery10.s cholar11.m oral12.c ompromise13.f ragile14.i nfancy15.h amper16.d istaste17.b edrock18.c onstitution19.c ongressionalrepresentation20.f ormula21.p residential22.b ravery23.o vercome24.o pposition25.g rant26.l egislative27.a pproval28.c ruelty 29.d elicate30.s tatus31.p restige32.s tainGroup 61.sharpen2.draft3.flexible4.outline5.relevant6.punctuation7.nervous8.error9.keep track of10.c lip11.p rocessor12.t ake advantageof13.c apacity14.d eletion15.k eyboard16.r evision17.i llustrate18.c onvincing19.d isplay20.i nitial21.g o through22.s ubstantiate23.c larify24.e nd up with25.v ersion26.t ransition27.a brupt28.a wkward29.m ercilessly30.m argin31.c orrection32.a dequately33.i ntroductory34.i mpression35.p rudently36.t entative37.a ssemble38.c rab39.e nforce40.r efusal41.o riginally42.c ompose Group 71.autobiography2.extraordinary3.modesty4.point out5.conciselypensate7.detect8.reasoning9.disclaim10.p ossession11.a pprehension12.w it13.d istinguished14.a ssert15.p urely16.a bstract17.h azy18.p oetry19.h umbly20.s uperior to21.p recede22.e ndure23.b e injurious to2007年考研真题词汇Group 11.roughly2.regime3.colonialism4.representatively5.talentmerce7.sovereign8.viable9.sought to10.e galitarian11.a bolish12.t ribute13.r evenue14.s entiment15.t emper16.m ass17.d emocracy18.i nhabitant19.c heerfully20.a ttain21.s uccession22.p resumably23.i nterference24.e xclusion25.p lea26.p essimisticGroup 21.certificate2.soccer3.tournament4.noteworthy5.quirk6.elite7.professional8.rank 9.astrological10.c onfer11.s tamina12.c onceive13.a nnual14.s witch to15.d igit16.s pan17.m emorize18.c ognitive19.i ntuitive20.e xhibit21.s wamp22.e ncode23.d eliberate24.f eedback25.o utcome26.c olleague27.s tartling28.a ssertion29.o verrate30.p ut31.s urgery32.h ysteriaGroup 31.supplement2.feature3.column4.query5.mental6.analogy7.envision8.deduce9.numerical10.s equence11.f ondness12.c oincidence13.v isualize14.f igure out15.n umerical16.p attern17.e lude18.e ncompass19.s pecify20.n eurology21.d efine22.p rimarily23.v ersion24.v ariation25.p opulate26.c hronological27.m ultiply28.c apture29.v erbal30.c omponent31.c orrelate 32.o pposite33.t oil34.t estify35.m atter36.s kip37.c orrelate38.i mpartial39.b ias40.o ut of dateGroup 41.generation2.count on3.financially4.secure5.transform6.pink7.slip8.diagnosis9.spouse10.s tripe11.d ebate12.i mplication13.s ide effect14.b udget15.a s a result16.p arachute17.i n times of18.s etback19.l ay off20.u nemployment21.d isability22.d isruption23.f ortune24.f luctuation25.h arsh26.o utlive27.c ampaign28.g uarantee29.i nvestmentreturn30.a bsolute31.f ashionable32.l egislative33.d eductible34.d emography35.o dds36.a ttendant37.a ssistance38.e ightfold39.p erspective40.u nderstandably41.o pportunity42.r esponsibility43.f rightening44.a cceleration45.w holesale 46.o verburden47.f allout48.d isability49.d eprive50.c onflictGroup 51.pour2.sort outpliance4.feebleernance6.nasty7.headline8.insecurity9.staff10.a genda11.v ariety12.m assive13.l eakage14.c ustomer15.d iverse16.d efense17.p eer into18.i ntricate19.i n search of20.v ulnerability21.a sset22.b e responsiblefor23.o n behalf of24.s hareholder25.r edundancy26.r ecovery27.m ystery28.s ensitive29.j ustify30.p enalty31.l egal32.v ictim33.a stray34.l egislation35.t heft36.c redit-card37.d isclose38.r egulator39.l egislation40.r estorationGroup 61.ensure2.adulthood3.salary4.emerging5.setback6.transition7.periodically 8.collaborate9.identify10.c lue to11.a range of12.a uthentic13.a s opposed to14.a thlete15.a ssign16.d elay17.g ratification18.d eploy19.p riority20.c ontent21.m onotonous22.s ustained23.i nadequacy24.r esolve25.b rainstorm26.c ritically27.a imlessly28.d elicate29.c ome across30.e xhibit31.f ledging32.n aïve33.c onceive34.p artner35.e xplore36.o ption37.a ppreciateGroup 71.discipline2.feature3.preserve4.equipment5.continental6.establish7.undergraduate8.parcel9.appeal10.j ournalism11.j ustice12.p arallel13.f orge14.n otion 15.j ournalistic16.d esirable17.c omponent18.p rofoundly19.r est on20.c onvention21.b roadly22.g rasp23.c ompetent24.u ndue25.r eliance26.e nhance27.p referable28.n otion29.s ignificance30.w ell-grounded2006年考研真题词汇Group 11.homeless2.make up3.percentage4.proportion5.minimum6.agree on7.bulk8.be addicted to9.alcohol 10.d isorder11.m entally12.a ddress13.p ackage14.r etain15.s ustain16.l odging17.s trolling18.m aintenance19.c omprehensive20.c omplementary21.p ut22.i nterpret23.s upervision24.c oordinationGroup 21.amazing2.homogenize3.democratize4.uniformity5.discourse6.casualness7.deference8.characteristic9.consumption10.a rray11.e legant12.i mmigrant13.e levate14.p oisonous15.f orum16.u nprecedented17.a ssimilation18.r esistant19.i ntermarriage20.c ensus21.m ajority22.o rigin23.r esidence 24.b ilingual25.p roficient26.g raveyard27.a ssimilative28.d ivisive29.t urbulent30.i ndices31.d eteriorate32.m onopolizeGroup 31.distinctly2.hostile3.superb4.live off5.revenue6.frankly7.beard8.scandal9.deliciously10.i ronic11.s ightseer12.c ontend13.t ake in14.n ightfall15.c ouncil16.c ontribute to17.s ubsidy18.w ing19.c ocktail20.l ounge21.d ecorate22.s ubsidy23.a ttendance24.a ttractive25.c lientele26.j ean27.d edicateGroup 41.prehistoric2.extinct3.species4.survive5.game6.extinction7.overfish8.fishery9.biomass10.p redator11.e xploitation12.a cknowledge13.c onservative14.v essel15.p rey16.s onar17.a vailable18.p roportion19.s aturate 20.b aited21.t rap22.s tock23.u nderestimate24.s hark25.t ake intoaccount26.m arine27.n otion28.d etect29.m assive30.m aximum31.s ustainable32.y ield33.o riginal34.d o businessGroup 51.weird2.explore3.focus on4.daffodil5.skeptical6.perpetual7.disaster8.massacre9.innocent10.o pposite11.d amn12.d edicated13.d epict14.a nti-happy15.t rack16.e mergence17.c ommercial18.i deal19.i deology20.r eminder21.m isery22.e xhausted23.p rotection24.l iteracy25.m edium26.w orshipper27.w orm28.b ummer29.r eligious30.b eaming31.c elebrity32.a genda33.u nreliable34.a rthritis35.c loveGroup 61.auditor2.gamble3.approximately4.casino5.coupon6.track7.heroin8.electronic9.dock10.c harge11.p atronage12.a ddict13.i nvoluntarily14.c onfine15.a ddiction16.i nform17.b an18.c ease19.a dmission20.p sychological21.b ehavior22.r eadmitted23.d emonstrate24.p atronize25.p ose26.t hreat27.w ell-being28.s atisfy29.e ntrance30.t oll31.c ounsel32.i ntentionally33.l ure34.e ngage in35.c onduct36.d iagnostic37.s tatistic38.m anual39.m ental40.d isorder41.p athological42.p ersistent43.r ecur44.u ncontrollable45.p ursuit46.t hrill47.i n quest of48.w indfall49.c laim50.r eclassify51.c haracter52.f law53.m oral54.p ersonality55.d isorder56.a kin57.p hysical58.d isability59.l ottery60.d ependent (on) 61.r evenue62.w ager63.c ompetition64.i ntense65.p atronize66.v irtual67.p ornography68.p rofitable69.p resent70.m arket71.d etect72.m ailing73.c ompulsive74.o perative75.q uit76.f eature77.b roadly78.s ocial disease79.a ggressive80.p romoter81.b et on82.w orrisome83.m edicalize84.b ehavioral85.s terner86.a nonymous87.u ndistracted88.c onductive89.c ompulsive90.g roundGroup 71.intellectual2.reject3.account4.dissatisfy5.plead6.definition7.primary8.pleasure9.explore10.c onsciously11.a rticulately12.f rankly13.f actual14.a ppropriate15.i n the light of16.a nalogous17.o bligation18.r eveal19.m anner20.e xclude 21.r efer to22.a ccomplishment23.c ontribute to24.b e charged with25.a pproaching26.e ncounter27.i ssue28.p erformance29.r outine30.m anufacture31.g overn32.d edicate33.e xploration34.t ake sth. forgranted35.c ode36.e thics37.m ajority38.t raditionally39.r eflection40.i nvolve41.d escription42.e minent43.s cholar44.b ranch45.i llustrious2005年考研真题词汇Group 11.underrate2.insensitive3.upright4.perceive5.float6.majority7.sensitive (to)8.capable9.generate10.r eceptor11.u nfamiliar12.e mergency13.i gnore14.d istinguish15.d etect16.d isperse17.d ilute18.d issolve19.d iffuse20.s timuli21.i mpulse22.s ubject23.i ncompetent24.i nefficient25.i neffective26.i nsufficient27.t rigger28.t olerate29.r epel30.n eglect31.r eliable32.i dentifiable33.a side from Group 21.vanish2.colleague3.reputation4.slack5.outrage6.assumption7.be capable of8.grievance9.capuchin10.c ute11.r eadily12.c ounterpart13.c haracteristic14.c andidate15.e xchange16.t oken17.s lice18.c ucumber19.a djoin20.c hamber21.l uxury22.p referable23.i n exchange for24.r eluctant25.t oss26.p resence27.r esentment28.e motion29.c ooperative30.s pecies31.s table32.r ighteous33.i ndignation34.p reserve35.r eward36.a bundantly37.f airness38.a ncestor Group 31.inconclusive2.uncertain3.nonsense4.grave5.upset6.parallel7.awaken8.global9.enlist10.a tmosphere11.d efinitely12.p reface13.p anel14.c onsequence15.i ncomplete16.d angerous17.p rudent 18.i nsurance19.f ortunately20.t ake seriously21.p aralysis22.a nalysis23.r esponsible24.s teward25.a tmospheric26.i nadequate27.a dministration28.i nitiative29.c ongress30.c onservation31.f inancial32.i ncentive33.c rucial34.e nvironmentally35.i nsignificantGroup 4ponent2.logic3.suspend4.formulate5.revolutionary6.disguise7.shadow8.unconscious9.desire10.n eurologist11.r andom12.b yproduct13.t hermostat14.r egulate15.m ood16.o ff-line17.a uthority18.i ntensely19.p owerful20.h arness21.a ctually22.p sychology23.l imbic24.p refrontal25.c ortex26.d epress27.p rogress28.n egative29.g enerate30.r ecur31.i dentify32.p anic33.t errorism34.i nsecurity35.p ersistent36.n ightmare37.t herapist38.p rofessional 39.s usceptible40.i nnermostGroup 51.linguist2.controversialist3.liberal4.conservative5.triumph6.decline7.formal8.permissive9.academic10.d isappearance11.r egrettable12.c ult13.a uthentic14.p ersonal15.m odestly16.e levate17.c apture18.p oetry19.g enre20.s pontaneity21.c raft22.i llustrate23.a rray24.d ocument25.u nmistakable26.s ubtitle27.a cknowledge28.v ariety29.e xpressive30.c onvey31.c hunk32.m emorize33.e laborate34.o ld-fashioned35.s trictly36.r adical37.g rieve38.i nevitable39.d ialect40.c ontroversy Group 61.premierplain about3.annual4.groan5.soar6.budgetponent8.pharmaceuticalmission10.c ommittee11.c reation12.a pprove13.b ureaucracy 14.p rocedure15.b argain16.r esource17.i nstitution18.n egotiate19.m anufacturer20.p rovincial21.o n behalf of22.p otential23.l ikelihood24.a gency25.s uspicious26.s tring27.a ttach28.s electively29.c onstrain30.a ssemble31.c omplaint32.j urisdiction33.b udget34.r esistance35.i deology36.a dvocate37.s kyrocket38.s ubstantial39.i nsurance40.r evenue41.p rescription42.d uplication43.a dministrative44.p lay off45.s creamGroup 71.overwhelmingly2.significant3.impression4.mixture5.skepticism6.optimism7.by means of8.multimedia9.flexible10.d emonstrate11.s urvive12.u nderline13.s tatistic14.n etwork 15.d istribution16.o blige17.d istribution18.m ake up19.f abric20.s trategic21.e ntail22.o bjective23.d ocumentary24.i nvolve25.h andle26.f inance27.s logan28.s cale29.e xaggeration30.p eculiarity2004年考研真题词汇Group 11.juvenile2.delinquency3.engage in4.sufficiently5.penalize6.misdeed7.criminal 8.status9.rejection10.f ocus on11.d isadvantage12.w ealthy13.c ommit crime14.p arental15.t entative16.c riticism17.i ndirectly18.u nemployment19.g ainful20.e mployment21.d iscontent22.c onsist of23.h ousehold24.s upervision25.f rustration26.a buse27.n eglect28.c ausal29.r elationship30.e stablish31.i nteraction32.a ssimilation33.c onsultation34.r eference35.r esponse36.h ighlight37.d iscard38.r esistant39.i mmune40.a t length41.i n general42.b y contrast43.o n average44.c onsequently 45.s imultaneously46.h eritage47.a ssessable48.i dentifiable49.n egligible50.i ncredible51.r estriction52.a llocation53.a vailability54.e xposure55.p opularity56.i ncidenceGroup 21.stumble2.interactive3.criteria4.location5.salary6.post7.database8.notification9.resume10.a gent11.d rawback12.c riteria13.e liminate14.b roaden15.c areer16.c ounsel17.i mplicit18.s trategy19.r eminder20.t empt21.s ign up22.s harp23.t raffic24.w orthwhile25.k eep a closewatch on26.t he demand for27.c ompensation28.e mploy29.m aintain30.n egotiate Group 31.unfairness2.discrimination3.condemned4.illegal5.insidious6.thrive7.disadvantage8.alphabet9.customer10.t humb11.s uspiciously12.r espectively 13.p redecessor14.s triking15.a lphabetically16.c oincidence17.d ream up18.i nfant19.j unior20.p ose21.i nsensitive22.q ualification23.c onfidence24.p ublicly25.h umiliation26.c eremony27.a ward28.l iterally29.c onference30.a ttendee31.p lough32.r ecipient33.c onspicuous34.o verlookGroup 41.polish2.when it comes to3.client4.show up5.blame6.softeningeconomy7.indicator8.be concernedabout9.downscale10.a bandon11.a dmission12.o utlet13.l ag14.t emper15.r etailer16.r evenue17.c autious18.a pproach19.c rucial20.s ound21.a larm22.p anicked23.o ptimistic24.p rospect25.m odest26.d espair27.d readful28.h eadline29.f ortune30.p redominantly31.f renzied32.s lowdown 33.b ubble34.i ngredient35.i nvestor36.s ustain37.b oom38.t oast39.e state40.b roker41.s wingGroup 51.intellect2.athlete3.entertainer4.entrepreneur5.scholar6.pursue7.for the sake of8.symptom9.pervasive10.a nti-intellectualism11.c ounterbalance12.t race13.r oot14.d istaste (for)15.p ursuit16.r eject17.v ulnerable18.e xploitation19.c ritically20.p articipate in21.d emocracy22.s econd rate23.c ivil24.r esent25.p rivilege26.h istorian27.u rge。

2010年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析

2010年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析真题：One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. （46）Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, （47）but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. （48）Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops. （49）In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. （50）It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.解析：（46）Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.jumped to the rescue迅速的其来援救shaky不可靠的，站不住脚的to the effect 大意是；大致是说eat us up 吃掉我们【解析】本题考查的知识点是：固定短语、同位语从句、状语从句、从句嵌套、根据上下文确定词义。

2010年考研英语答案完整版详解

2010年考研英语完整版详解Section I Use of English1.A解析：A项affect 意思是“影响，感动”; B项achieve意思是“达成，完成”; C项extract意思是“提取，榨出”;D项restore是“恢复，重建”. 这句话的意思是：他们想通过实验探究车间照明是如何影响工人的生产率的，所以答案是A。

2.B解析：本题考查了固定短语end up 的用法，end up 意思是“最终成为……”，end 和其它三个介词的搭配都无此意，故选B。

3.C解析：本句的大意为：研究最终总结为一个极具影响力的概念—“霍桑效应”，也正是实验所研究的行为改变了工人们的表现。

所以这里应选择C。

4.B解析：作者这里表达的意思是这个问题之所以引起大家的注意是因为工厂女工的行为令人费解。

四个选项中perplexing意为“令人费解的”，所以正确答案为B。

5.C解析：本句的含义是：根据研究描述，当照明灯变亮或变暗时，工人的时产量就会提高。

四个选项中有描述含义的是C项accounts。

6.B解析：这句话的意思是：实验中做什么并不重要。

Do not matter 固定表达，故选B。

7.D解析：考查so long as 短语，意思是“只有”，句子意思是：只要有改变，生产率就会上升。

所以选A。

9.C解析：见第8题解析。

解析：见第8题解析。

11.C解析：be subjected to表示“服从于，与……一致’，为固定短语。

12.A解析：contrary to表示“与…相反“。

根据语境提示，空白处需要填写一个能表示转折意味的链接词。

13.A解析：只有evidence一词可与found呼应，表示“发现或找到证据”。

2010年考研英语试卷答案

2010年考研英语完整版详解Section I Use of English1.A解读：A项 affect 意思是“影响，感动”; B项 achieve意思是“达成，完成”; C项extract 意思是“提取，榨出”;D项restore是“恢复，重建”. 这句话地意思是：他们想通过实验探究车间照明是如何影响工人地生产率地，所以答案是A.2.B解读：本题考查了固定短语end up 地用法，end up 意思是“最终成为……”，end 和其它三个介词地搭配都无此意，故选B.3.C解读：本句地大意为：研究最终总结为一个极具影响力地概念—“霍桑效应”，也正是实验所研究地行为改变了工人们地表现.所以这里应选择C.4.B解读：作者这里表达地意思是这个问题之所以引起大家地注意是因为工厂女工地行为令人费解.四个选项中perplexing意为“令人费解地”，所以正确答案为B.5.C解读：本句地含义是：根据研究描述，当照明灯变亮或变暗时，工人地时产量就会提高.四个选项中有描述含义地是C项 accounts.6.B解读：这句话地意思是：实验中做什么并不重要. Do not matter 固定表达，故选B.7.D解读：考查so long as 短语，意思是“只有”，句子意思是：只要有改变，生产率就会上升.8.A解读：A项awareness 意思是“意识”，B项expectation意为“期望”，C项sentiment 意为“”观点，意见，D项illusion 为“幻觉”，本句地大意是说：工人知到自己本身是被研究对象-这一意识就足以改变他们地行为.所以选A.解读：见第8题解读.10.D解读：见第8题解读.11.C解读：be subjected to表示“服从于，与……一致’，为固定短语.12.A解读：contrary to表示“与…相反“.根据语境提示，空白处需要填写一个能表示转折意味地链接词.13.A解读：只有evidence一词可与found呼应，表示“发现或找到证据”.14.Dmisleading“欺骗性，误导性地”，意思上来看，符合语境所表达地意思.15.B解读：for example与上句呼应，举例说明问题.16.A解读：duly表示“准时地，在同一个时间地”，填入句中后意思表达更精确.17.D解读：与前句duly rose呼应，递进说明问题，故应选continue.18.C解读：此句意思与上句相反，说明另一种情况，故应使用转折词but.19.B解读：tend to do“倾向于做某事”，说明一种常规地事实.解读：hit 能与a plateau搭配，意为“到达高地，触及顶点”，句意才符合语境.Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 121. B22. A23. C24. A25.BText 226.C解读：细节题.题干问及商业专利方法在最近引起关注地原因是是什么，解答本题应定位二段首句并结合一段地主旨要义.二段首句指出“国家最高专利法庭准备对商业方法专利进行缩减，这引起了了争议.”一段主要提及在过去10年商业方法授予了成千上万地专利.由此可见，选项C是对原文地同义置换故为正确答案.27.B解读：推理判断题.文章在二段提及Bilski case，在四段提及对Bilski case地结论性说明，在四段中针对Bilski case，联邦机构发表了不同寻常地法令，而四段末句提到该法令引起对“state street Bank ruling”地是否重新考虑，由此可知B为正确答案.28.C解读：词汇短语题.含有该词地句子起到承前启后作用，解答本题应结合二段主旨及三段because后地句意来解题，二段提及“国家最高专利法庭准备对商业方法专利进行缩减”，而三段提及introduced such patents…, approving a patent…,由此可知，宣称对商业方法地控制将会有巨大地态度转变，故C正确.29.B解读：推论题.结合倒数二段二句及末段首句可知B符合文意.此题用排除法最为便利.文章地最后两段未提到ACD地内容.而B项地内容符合“that too many patents were being uph eld”，同时B 选项地内容符合文章地中心.30.D解读：主旨题.文章首段提到“过去10年”，而二段首句转到“Now”，文章地此脉络结构可知“ A prevailing tread”可统领文意，此外文章二至四段，主要谈及联邦巡讲对“business-m ethod patents”地立场变化，故D为正确答案.Text 331.B解读：细节题.文章提到Tipping Point真本书描述社会流行风潮是由一小部分名人引起地，然而，笔锋一转在首段末又说“it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread”.进而引出作者对名人传播想法功能地讨论.由此B选项正确.而A、C、D 均不是作者要讨论地问题.32.D解读：细节题.文章第二段首句“the supposed…pl ausible sounding but largely untested the ory..”以及末句“…only certain special people can drive trends”充分说明这种理论证据不够充足.而D选项正确地反应了文中地内容.33.A解读：根据题干，线索大致定位到第三段，但是第三段并没有清晰地找到题解，而接下来地第四段清晰地反应出了社会互动所产生地巨大影响这一内容.A选项充分地表明了这一点.34.C解读：根据题干，线索定位到第四段.同过分析这个短语所在地句子，“For a social epid emic…;just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with…”此句主要表明人们是如何被别人影响进而又去影响别人地.而C选项恰是对这一点地正确表述.35.C解读：细节题.根据题干，线索定位到最后一段，从“…relating of populations, manipulati ng a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to b e…”这句话中能够得知社会影响动力因素包括人们影响别人地能力包括被别人影响地倾向性.而C选项充分地体现了这一点.Text 4解读：细节题.答案意为“遵循不利地资产评估准则”.由题干中地“Bankers complained” 和“force”定位于第一段第三行“Their rules, moan the banks, have forced th em to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators woul d like them to fetch.” 该句核心词为rules，四个答案中只有A选项包含.37.A解读：推理引申题.答案意为“管理地作用地逐渐消失”.根据题干中地专有名词FASB定位于第三段.第一句提到FASB经过努力使国会通过了一些变革，这些变革赋予了银行更多地权利，也就是说对银行地管理更为松散，所以答案为“管理地作用地逐渐消失”.38.C解读：细节题.答案意为“独立自主地制定法规”.根据题干中地“McCreevy objects to”定位到第五段.第五段提到立即根据美国地变化做出一样地反应，欧洲地各界人士对此地反对十分强烈，引用McCreevy地话是为了说明这一点：欧洲要对这个问题有自己独立地法律法规.39.C解读：句意题.答案意为“忽视了坏账存在地极大可能性”.根据题干地信息定位到第六段Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary ill iquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts.批判银行一味地夸大“that market prices ov erstate losses”，而忽视了“the likely extent of bad debts”.40.D解读：情感态度题.文章讨论了银行针对“standard-setters”地敌意行为，特别是文章最后一段更是明确地表明了作者对“standard-setters”地同情.Part B41.B解读：本题需要找出文章地首段，可用排除法做.首先A 选项中提到“the first and more i mportant…”中地“more” 应该在前文中提到，故排除.B选项首句就提出了欧洲食品零售所面临地问题，根据文章结构法：提出问题—分析问题—解决问题，此段符合首段要求，即提出了文章地中心问题，而且本选项中也没有明显地需要和上文衔接地关系词，而其它选项都有明显地与上文衔接地信息词，不能在首段出现，故B为正确答案.解读：首段一旦确定，本段内容便可根据上文顺藤摸瓜，第一段最后一句话“but”后指出了虽然食品零售商面临着“at a standstill (几乎停止发展>”地问题，他们却忽略了一个潜在地市场即他们身边地“wholesale food and trade(食品批发市场>”.而F 选项首句便举例说明法国、德国、意大利等国家地食品批发产业地市场规模比食品零售产业要大40%.而且在“mor eover”后又进一步说明批发地利润大零售很多.因此可以判断此选项是对第一段地例证说明.其中“for example” 是明显地信息提示词.43.D解读：上段介绍了食品批发商地优势，而D选项第一句“All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which…” 则对上文地内容进行总结，其中all in all 是较明显地信息提示词，即上文中提到地食品批发地优势推出这是明显对于“big retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling”是一个“market”.因此D项为正确答案.44.G解读：上段最后一句提出地“particular abilities” 以及“new skills and unfamiliar business models are needed.” , 即零售商需要新地技能及不熟悉地商业模式.而G选项第一句提到地“t hese requirements(这些要求>”正是指上文所提到地技能.45.A解读：此题可以用排除法做，所剩下地选项只有A和C，需要注意地是本题并没有明显地信息词，所以需要阅读选项地内容进而找出正确答案.此题前文地已知段落E选项中最后一句“two opposing trends”在A选项中得到了体现，即一方面由于人们选择在外就餐而扩大了食品批发地需求，而另一方面人们又开始感到“anxious(焦虑>”.而C选项第一句提到地“such variations”在上文中并没有得到体现，因此可以断定A为正确答案.Part C46. Scinentists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that ins ects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.解读：句子地主干是“scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidenc e”，后接that 引导地同位语从句.If引导地条件状语从句修饰that从句.to the effect that大意是，意思是; fail to 未能; jump to立即，赶快 the rescue营救，援救，解救.参考译文：科学家们立即拿出某些明显站不住脚地证据前来救驾，大致说地是如果鸟儿不能控制害虫地话，害虫就会把我们吃掉.47. but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue survival as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.解读：句子主干we have drawn near the point.介词短语of admitting that...作定语修饰poi nt.其中嵌套了that从句作admit地宾语从句.regardless of...作让步状语.a matter of .....地问题，大约;draw near 接近，靠近;intrinsic right天生地权利，固有地权利;economic advantage 经济利益，经济优势.参考译文：但是我们至少已经几乎承认了这样一种观点：不管鸟类对我们是否有经济利益，生存都是它们地固有权利.48. Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preser ve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on “worthl ess species.解读：主干time was when....when引导了表语从句.Time was when可看作固定短语，译为“从前，曾经”.注意两个并列同位语从句地翻译.参考译文：曾几何时，生物学家总是重述以下地这条证据：这些生物通过捕食弱小地动物去维持生物链地正常运行，或它们只是去捕食“没有价值地物种”.49. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree specie s are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.解读：句子地主体是“the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of the nati ve forest community”，包含被动语态.句子开头是一个where引导地定语从句，to be preserve d是修饰noncommercial tree species地成分.Within reason合情合理地，理智地.注意被动语态地处理.参考译文：欧洲地林业从生态上讲较为先进，它把没有成为商业化对象地树种视为原始森林群落地成员而适当地加以保护.50. It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.解读：句子主干“It tends to ignore many elements”;两个that从句意思上转折，句法上为并列地定语从句，修饰the land community.注意插入语、定语从句以及代词指代地处理.参考译文：这一体系容易忽视并最终消灭很多缺乏商业价值地物种，然而这些物种对于整个生物群落地健康运行是至关重要地.Section III Writing51.小作文以研究生会地名义写一封通知，通知地内容是为全球一体化地国际会议招募志愿者，这个通知必须包aa括申请者地基本职位要求及你认为相关地其他信息.写100个字左右，不要在通知末尾写你自己地名字，用“Postgraduates’Association”代替.审题谋篇：本次小作文考察“通知”这一事务公文，“通知”地目地在于督促对方参加活动，具体来讲，是招募志愿者.结构上，只需写题目，正文，署名以及时间即可.语言上，语言应直截了当，简洁明了，可适当使用被动句表达.内容上，题目要求写招募职位，以及相关信息.关于职位，可写涉及前台接待、会场指引、乘车指引、英文翻译等服务地岗位.此外，还可以对志愿者提出要求，志愿者应该工作认真负责、积极主动，具有团队合作精神地，另外还需要沟通能力强，具有较好地英语口语和听力水平等.其他相关信息，可以提及会议时间，地点，将怎样安排志愿者等.参考范文一：NoticeVolunteers for the International Conference of Global Integration are wanted. Anyone who is in good command of English and experienced in cross-cultural communication are expected to ta ke part in this activity. The major task for this position are as follows: to begin with, to propagand a the theme of globalization to people all over the world; in addition, to provide E-C interpretation service to those representatives of the international conference, aiming at facilitating the process o f the meeting; at last, you should be strictly available according to the time schedule of the confere nce. Those who are interested in this post are cordially welcome!Postgraduates’ Association参考范文二：NoticeThe International Conference of Global Integration will be held on September 23 at China Ins titute of International Studies, and twenty volunteers are wanted among the students in our school.The positions recruited include receptionist, conference guider, transportation guider and Eng lish interpreter, and the volunteers are requested to speak fluent English and are expected to be act ive, open-minded and conscientious. All the volunteers will be trained for 5 days before the confer ence and provided with free transportation and meal.For those who are interested in taking part in the activity, please send your resume to the ema il address: postgraduates@ before September 1.Postgr aduates’ Association参考范文三：AnnouncementPostgraduates’ Association is recently looking for Volunteers for the International Conferenc e of Global Integration. Applicants should be currently studying at the university, and should prefe rably have the experience of being a part-time volunteer in several international events.The successful applicant will be expected to propaganda the theme of globalization in the city and on campus. The position will commence at the end of May and will last through to the end of August. Fair pay for the position is available and will be based on your experience.If you are interested, please send your resume to the following email: postgraduates@ b efore September 1st.Postgraduates’ Association52.大作文Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1> describe the drawing briefly,2> explain its intended meaning, and then3> give your comments on the phenomenon.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20points>2010年考研英语一试题大作文配图审题谋篇：本题为图画作文，图片上是一个热气腾腾地火锅，里面包括着诸如“儒学”，“解构”，“人本”，“莎士比亚”，“功夫”等中西文化标志词.下面有一行注释.在审题构思时应该注意：把握好这幅图地象征寓意.火锅中包含着各种各样地文化元素，代表了不同文化地和谐融合，民族地文化可以成为世界地，这一趋势对人类发展是有利地.由此可见，本次作文地主题是文化融合.提纲包括两点，一是描述图片并解释含义，二是对此现象作出评论.文章也可分为三段，第一段：描述图画，描述图片中地各类文化元素.可能用到地词汇是literature,(文学> m oral values(道德价值>performing arts(表演艺术>等.第二段：阐释图片含义.最好在段首设置主题句，然后围绕主题句展开.本图片中所显示地文化交流反映了两方面地情况，中国文化对世界文化地渗透，中国地腾飞无疑使中国文化这颗世界文化中地瑰宝更加耀眼.另一方面，中国文化也逐渐受到其他国家文化地影响.第三段：对此现象做出评论.此评论部分可以提出建议，考虑背景及原因，或描述未来，预测未来，也可以讲世界文化融合、交流是时代地潮流，同时还要保持和振兴各族文化.参考范文：The enlightening picture portrays that a hot pot, with numerous ingredients in it, includes suc h domestic and alien cultures as literature, moral values and performing arts. It seems that the hot pot tastes very delicious because of the rich nutrition of the multi-cultures.Obviously, the picture characterizes the status quo of Chinese society in which Chinese and Western culture conflict with each other but also merge into a unique form to a certain degree. Sin ce China has opened its door widely to the outside world, many people from different countries ha ve been deeply fascinated by Chinese culture. They will accept and love the Chinese culture as a whole. In addition, Chinese culture should be well shared with foreign people, who have shown th eir enthusiasm towards China. Meanwhile, the Chinese people are also exposed to foreign cultures when more foreign people come to this oriental country. In this way people from various nations i n the world will be able to acquire better understanding of each other and live peacefully in this w orld.In my opinion, the culture of any nation is a kind of precious heritage, and belongs to the who le mankind. With economic globalization, the blending of different cultures has become inevitable trend of the time. No country is an isolated island, be it China or the western world. The clearer w e grasp the current situation, the more it would be beneficial to the global villagers.个人收集整理-仅供参考申明：所有资料为本人收集整理，仅限个人学习使用，勿做商业用途.11 / 11。

2010年考研英语真题(含答案解析)

2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting大1家workers' productivity. Instead, the studies ended 大2家giving their name to the "Hawthorneeffect", the extremely influential idea that the very 大3家to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.The idea arose because of the 大4家behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to 大5家of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not 大6家what was done in the experiment; 大7家something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) 大8家that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 大9家to alter workers' behavior 大10家itself.After several decades, the same data were 大11家to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments hasanother surprise store 大12家the descriptions on record, no systematic 大13家was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to 大14家interpretation of whathapped. 大15家, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output大16家rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 大18家, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers 大19家to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 大20家 a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2. [A] at [B] up [C] with [D] off3. [A] truth [B] sight [C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C] mischievous [D] ambiguous5. [A] requirements [B] explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B] shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] peculiar to13. [A] evidence [B] guidance [C] implication [D] source14. [A] disputable [B] enlightening [C] reliable [D] misleading15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16. [A] duly [B] accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A] failed [B] ceased [C] started [D] continued18. [A] Therefore [B] Furthermore [C] However [D] Meanwhile19. [A] attempted [B] tended [C] chose [D]intended20. [A] breaking [B] climbing [C] surpassing [D] hittingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to w riters who are.’”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lif etime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by[A] free themes.[B] casual style.[C] elaborate layout.[D] radical viewpoints.23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?[A] It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.[C] His style caters largely to modern specialists.[D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism[D] Prominent Critics in MemoryText 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. received one for its "one-click" online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known , is "a very big deal", says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It "has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents." Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should "reconsider" its state street Bank ruling. The Federal Circuit's action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too manypatents were being upheld for "inventions" that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are "reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court", says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word "about-face" (Line 1, Para 3) most probably means[A] loss of good will[B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of dignity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the "two step flow of communication": Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trendsIn their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers' argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people. Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call "global cascades"– the widespread propagation of influence through networks – is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people, each of whom adopts, say, a look or a brand after being exposed to a single adopting neighbor. Regardless of how influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction.31. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to[A] analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B] discuss influentials' function in spreading ideas[C] exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemics[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32. The author suggests that the "two-step-flow theory"[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C] has won support from influentials[D] requires solid evidence for its validity33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34. The underlined phrase "these people" in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influence[B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35. what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A] The eagerness to be accepted[B] The impulse to influence others[C] The readiness to be influenced[D] The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it's just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks' lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America's Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB's chairman, cried out against those who "question our motives." Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls "the use of judgment by management."European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did "not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real word" and that Europe could yet develop different rules. It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank's shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B] collect payments from third parties[C] cooperate with the price managers[D] reevaluate some of their assets.37. According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A] the diminishing role of management[B] the revival of the banking system[C] the banks' long-term asset losses[D] the weakening of its independence38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB's attempt to[A] keep away from political influences.[B] evade the pressure from their peers.[C] act on their own in rule-setting.[D] take gradual measures in reform.39. The author thinks the banks were "on the wrong planet" in that they[A] misinterpreted market price indicators[B] exaggerated the real value of their assets[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts.[D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40. The author's attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A] satisfaction.[B] skepticism.[C] objectiveness[D] sympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe's largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy .At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don't eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as "horeca": hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe's wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.41→42→43→44→E→45Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. (48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops. (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such,within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "postgraduate association" instead.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案46.科学家们提出一些明显站不住脚的证据迅速来拯救，其大意是：如果鸟类无法控制害虫，那么这些害虫就会吃光我们人类。

2010年考研英语真题答案及解析

所以 D 也不符合题意。而 end up doing sth.表示“最终达到某种状态或采取某种行动（尤指经过一个漫长的过程）”。
填入空白处后，句子的意思为：这些研究最终以得到一个被冠之以“霍桑效应”的结论而告终。故本题选 B。
3.[A] truth 事实
[B] sight 景象；视觉；视野 [C] act 行为；做法；行动 [D] proof 证据；证明
【考点】上下文语义衔接+固定短语
【解析】联系前面的分析，本空所填句的意思是“在实验中做什么并不重要；只要有改变，劳动生产率就会提
【答案】 C
【考点】上下文语义衔接+名词辨析
【解析】该句的意思是“根据实验报告（描述），……”。因此，只有 accounts 符合句义。因为 account 作名词时，常
意为“理解，解释”或“账目，账单”，本题考查的是其不常用含义。掌握 account 一词有“报告；描述”的含义固然重要，
但只要抓住了 their hourly output rose when … but also when …这句话所暗含的“两种情况的对比”，也有助于用排除法
[B] (end) up 最终成为/达到 [C] (end ) with 以……结束
[D] (end) off 完结；完成
【答案】B
【考点】动词搭配
【解析】首先可排除 A，因为 end 和 at 不能形成固定搭配；end with 意为“以……告终”，后常接名词或名词词组，
比如 Life does not end with death，故排除 C；end 与 off 连用时，结构为 end sth. off“妥当或顺利地结束某事物”，
【答案】C
【考点】上下文语义衔接+名词辨析

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