神经系统(解剖)—英语复习整理

神经系统（解剖）整理

一、名解

1.Circle of Willis（Circulus Arteriosus）

*Is formed by the posterior cerebral, posterior communicating, internal carotid, anterior cerebral and anterior communicating arteries.

(由前交通动脉、大脑前动脉、颈内动脉末端、后交通动脉和大脑后动脉吻合而成）

*Forms an important means of collateral circulation in the event of obstruction. (如若颈内动脉阻塞，则会建立侧支循环）

2.Cavernous sinus（海绵窦）

*Surrounds the sella turicica and the body of the sphenoid bone.

（位于蝶鞍点和蝶骨体周围）

*Contains, within the sinus, the internal carotid artery, its periarterial plexus, and the abducent nerve (CN VI)

(窦内有颈内动脉、周围动脉从和展神经通过）

*Contains, within the lateral wall of the sinus, the oculomotor nerve(CN III), the trochlear nerve(CN IV), the ophthalmic nerve(CN V-1) and the maxillary branches(CN V-2) of the trigeminal nerve(CN V).

(窦外侧壁自上而下有动眼神经、滑车神经、眼神经和上颌神经通过）

*Receives blood from the superior and the inferior ophthalmic veins of the orbit. (静脉血供与上、下眶的眼静脉吻合）

*related disease：cavernous sinus thrombosis and thousand-year-eye

(相关疾病：海绵窦血栓与“千年眼”）

3.Cranial epidural space（硬膜外间隙）

*A potential space between the dura mater and the bones of the cranial vault. (位于硬脑膜和颅穹隆骨之间的潜在裂隙）

*Contains the meningeal arteries and veins

(内含脑膜中动脉及其静脉）

*Epidural hemorrhage (hematoma)

Typically result from the rupture of the middle meningeal artery that lies between the dura mater and the inner table of the skull.

(出血：位于颅骨和硬膜之间的脑膜中动脉破裂）

4.Subdural space（硬膜下间隙）

*A potential space between the dura mater and the arachnoid.

(位于硬脑膜和蛛网膜之间的潜在裂隙）

*Subdural hemorrhage (hematoma)

Results from rupture of the superior cerebral veins, the “bridging”veins that drain into the superior sagittal sinus.

(出血：由于大脑上静脉【进入上矢状窦的桥静脉】破裂引起）

5.Subatachnoid space（蛛网膜下隙）

*Located between the pia mater and the arachnoid.

(位于软脑膜和蛛网膜之间）

*Contains CSF.

(内含脑脊液）

*Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Due to rupture of cerebral arteries and veins that cross the subarachnoid space，the circle of Willis.

(出血：由于穿过蛛网膜下隙的一些脑动静脉破裂引起，一般是Willis环)

6.Cervical enlargement (颈膨大)

*From C5-T1

(由第5颈节到第1胸节)

*The source of brachial plexus

(臂丛的来源)

7.Lumbosacral enlargement（腰骶膨大）

*From L1-S3

（由第1腰节到第3骶节）

*The source of lumbar plexus and sacral plexus

（腰丛和骶丛的来源）

8.Conus medullaris（脊髓圆锥）

*The tapered, conical portion of the spinal cord inferior to the lumbar enlargement.

（脊髓在腰膨大前的圆锥形的一部分）

*Below the S2 or S3

（在骶2或3以下）

9.Cauda equina（马尾）

*The spinal nerve root at the lumbar part, sacral part and tail part.

（是腰、骶、尾部的脊神经根）

*Is located in the intervertebral foramina.

（在椎管里面）

*Usually founded from L2-S5.

（一般位于腰2到骶5段）

10.Brain stem（脑干）

*A small part located between the spinal cord and diencephalon.

（是位于脊髓和间脑之间的较小部分）

*Consist of medulla, pons and midbrain, from inferior to superior part.

（自下而上由延髓、脑桥和中脑3部分组成）

11.Decussation of pyramid（锥体交叉）

*Located at the spinomedullary junction.

（位于延髓和脊髓的交界处）

*Consists of crossing corticospinal fibers.

（由皮质脊髓束的大部分纤维交叉而形成）

12.Trapezoid body（斜方体）

*Formed by decussating fibers of the ventral cochlear nuclei.

（由腹侧的蜗核发出的交叉纤维组成）

*Contains the acoustic striae, medial lemnisci, exiting abducent (CN VI) fibers, and aberrant corticobulbar fibers.

（包括听纹、内测丘系、传出的展神经纤维和传出的皮质延髓纤维）