第三讲：韦伯和古利克(中英双语)

Why Weber emphasized that large organizations should ordered by rules? Are the rules important to small organizations?为什么韦伯特别强调在 大型组织中，要由规则主导组织运行， 规则对于小型组织有没有重要性? Flat organization has become a trend in modern society, is it contradictory with the bureaucratic system theory.扁 平化组织已经成为现代社会的一种潮流， 这与官僚制理论是矛盾的吗？
Webb believes, the awakening of the spirit such as to work hard, to be aggressive, should have something to do with Reformed Church. And such spirit was the key motive force to drive development of capitalism? What do you think?韦伯认为，艰苦劳动精神、积极进取精神的
2.韦伯的学术贡献
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit f Capitalism新教伦 理与资本主义精神 Political Essays政治论文集 Academic and political学术与政治 Social science methodology社会科学方法论 Economic and social经济与社会 Basic Concepts of Sociology社会学基本概念 Sociology of Religion宗教社会学 National sociology国家社会学 Confucianism and Taoism儒教与道教 Indian Religion: Hinduism and Buddhism印度的宗教：印度教与佛教 Ancient Judaism古代犹太教 On the Russian Revolution论俄国革命 Economic History经济通史 Nation-state and economic policy民族国家与经济政策 Max Weber on Universities韦伯论大学
思 考 题
3. Weber's political thought韦伯的政治思想
Politics should be seen as anything that would affect the distribution of power to control the activities of violence. Therefore political purely comes from power .政治应该被视为是任何会影响到控制暴力的权力分配的活动。 政治也因此是纯粹来自于权力。 Definition of nation: Nation is an entity which has the monopoly to use violence legally 关于国家的定义：国家是一个拥有合法使用暴力的垄断地位 的实体 Three types of political authority （Three sources of legitimacy）: Charismatic authority （clan, religion ）, Traditional authority (suzerainty, patriarchal, feudal system), Bureaucratic authority or reasonable and lawful authority (modern law and state, bureaucracy)三种政治权威类型(合法性的 三个源泉）：魅力型权威（家族和宗教）,传统权威（宗主、父权、封建制 度）, 官僚型权威或合理合法权威（现代的法律和国家、官僚）。 Bureaucratic system of public administration and political forms of domination官僚制的公共行政与政治统治形式
第三讲
Max Weber and
Luther Halsey Gulick
韦伯和古利克
I. Max Weber(1864-1920)
1.A master of modern intellectual history现代思想史 的集大成者 Modern sociologists, political scientists, social theorists, thinkers of modern society, the most viable.现代社会学家、政治学家、社会理论家，现代 社会最具生命力的思想家。 The most influential role in academic history.学术史上最有影 响力的人。（熊彼特语） He was like Raphael, a man without hand, although had not merit but had unlimited potential.他就象没有手的拉斐尔，虽然没 有显赫的功绩，但却有着无限潜能。（雅斯贝尔斯语） Weber is the only thinker who can compare with Karl Marx.韦 伯是唯一一个可以和卡尔· 马克思相提并论的思想家。（罗思语）
What is the advantages and fraud to separate owners and managers in an organization? Who are the owners of government? 所有者和管理者分开，对于组织运行有 何利弊？政府组织的所有者是谁? Managers should be set as a career, and tenure, then is it discrepant with the election of key government officials ？管理者应该职业化、终身制，与政府 政务官要随选考 题
5.The position of the official组织中的管理者
Officials are selected by exam, and should have the ability to work as a manager.管理者要通过考试选拔，要具备从事管理工作的能力 The role of a official is impersonal, he only serve the function of the organizational goals管理者的角色是非人格化的，他仅服务于功能化的组织目标。 In an organization, managers and owners are separated组织中的管理者与 所有者是分开的 Managers are generally appointed管理者一般都是被任命的
Questio ns
思 考 题
4. Weber‟s discussion of the bureaucratic system 韦伯关于官僚制的总体论述
There is the principle of fixed and official jurisdictional areas, which are generally ordered by rules, that is, by laws or administrative regulations.在复杂 且正式的机构中，组织主要由规则，也即法律或行政规范主导运行，这是一个 基本规律。（规范） The principles of office hierarchy and of levels of graded authority mean a firmly ordered system of super and subordination in which there is a supervision of the lower offices by the higher ones.组织中层级分工与权力 等级原则意味着拥有一个强有力的指挥体系，在这个体 系中下级服从于上级。（分工与等级） The management of the modern office is based upon written document (the files), which are preserved in their original or draught form.现代组织奉行文档主义原 则，所有工作都以文档形式保存。（文档主义）
Office management, at least all specialized office management-and such management is distinctly modern-usually presupposes thorough and expert training.现代组织管理，至少具有显著现代化特征的专业性管理，要 以彻底和专业的培训为前提条件。（专业培训） When the office is fully developed, official activity demands the full working capacity of the official, irrespective of the fact that his obligatory time in the bureau may be firmly delimited.当组织发展完善后，管理工作要 求管理者有充分的能力，即使他在特定的时间里只承担依分工要完成的工 作。（能力主义） The management of the office follows general rules, which are more or less stable, more or less exhaustive, and which can be learned.组织管理所遵循的 一般规则应该是稳定的、详细的、可习知 的。（稳定、简约）
List the concept of nation that you know, which do you think is more appropriate?列举你所知道的关于国家 的概念，你认为哪一种更为合适？ Which type of authority that now China's political system is more like? 你 认为现代中国的政治合法性，符合韦伯 所说的哪一种类型？
觉醒，应归功于新教。而这又是驱动资本主义发展 的关键动力。你怎么看？ Webb believed that Confucian ethics had hampered China development capitalism. What do you think of it? 韦伯认为是儒教伦理道德阻碍了中国产生资本主义。 你怎么看？
Normally, the position of the official is held for life管理者任职终身制 The official receives the regular pecuniary compensation of a normally fixed salary and the old age security provided by a pension管理者通 过工作获取固定的薪水与养老金。 Official is considered a “career” within the hierarchical system 管理者被认为是等级制体系 中的一种职位.