兰州大学20年博士研究生招生考试试题.doc
兰州大学考博英语真题及其精解
兰州大学考博英语真题及其精解1.This rock has to be_______in order to build a road.A.blastedB.exploredC.hiredD.maintained2.He did not go to the party last night,which_______her feelings deeply.A.woundedB.injuredC.hurtD.injury3.When they returned to the river,they found that the boat had _______away.A.framedB.frostedC.frownedD.floated4.If you need further information,please_______our office.A.constantB.constructC.contactD.contain5.During the war,many soldiers were killed not by_______,but by disease.A.bulledtsB.devilC.bibleD.depth6.We watched the ship until it became only a_______in the distance.A.pointB.jarC.stoveD.dot7.The English proverb‘_______the rod and spoil the child’means that if you deep from punishing the child,you will spoil its character.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.A.ruleB.rugC.clapD.spare8.The_______was only sentenced to pay a fine of$10,000.A.wormB.trialC.tubeD.criminal9.Higher education in China is free but the_______for entrance is strong.parisonB.consequencepetitionD.crawl10.The light is too_______for me to read.I can not stand any more.A.ridB.ripeC.soupD.dim11.The water_______from the tap and damaged all the books in my study.A.sprayedB.puzzledC.inclinedD.exported12.In the United States,Congress makes the laws and the President _______them.A.ordersB.conquersC.executesD.hedges13.She is too_______to answer questions in the class.A.eagleB.coughC.eagerD.couch14.We enjoy seeing the glorious_______of the rising sun.A.beamsB.beansC.beefD.beer15.In the_______English reading course,the students have to read a lot.A.extensiveB.mechanicalC.mercuryD.opera16.He gave up his study in college in_______.A.bundleB.butcherC.ashD.despair17.Several people_______the car accident.A.witnessedB.provedC.swallowedD.drugged18.They will_______the project with the necessary funds.A.referB.relateC.furnaceD.furnish19.I took it for_______that you wouldn’t come here again.A.grandB.tameC.grantedD.thumb20.He was sent to London on a special_______.A.missingB.missileC.missionD.mistress21.This light shelf is strong enough to_______all the books here.A.wipeB.waxC.surveyD.sustain22.The_______Court is the highest court in the United States.A.VitalB.ThunderC.ReverseD.Supreme23.Our university has an international student exchange_______ with the University of Wyoming in the United States.A.processionB.provisionC.professionD.program24.He________of me the best way to go.A.investigatedB.inquiredC.frightenedD.resorted25.Mr.White tried to_______this job through the influence of his father.A.harnessB.fetchC.curseD.obtain26.The police dog finally found the_______of the prisoners of war.A.steepB.resolutionC.porterD.trail27.As the only_______in the small village,he not only fixedthe furniture but also made furniture for the villagers.A.symbolB.sourceC.panD.carpenter28.A big crowd gathered around the bus,almost_______the traffic.A.affectingB.blockingC.creatingD.mating29.As far as I see,this book has its own_______.A.meritB.signalC.visibleD.swift30.This tree is too_______to be planted in this area.A.tremendousB.vigorousC.shyD.tender31.This product is_______to change without notice.A.despiteB.evilC.subjectD.crust32.I don’t know how he can_______himself for such conduct.A.justifyB.locateC.rearD.swear33.The stolen watch has been_______to its owner.A.retiredB.pitchedC.restoredD.cured34.It is_______cold this winter in Xi’an.A.considerablyB.tightC.navalD.moreover35.It has been my_______to meet with this accident.A.journalB.reductionC.affectD.fate36.Her smile_______her secret even though she didn’t admit the fact.A.reviewedB.reversedC.respondedD.revealed37.He________that he could finish the job without any help.A.designedB.headedC.claimedD.preserved38.Professor Li_______his success to his mother.A.ownsB.ruinsC.owesD.roars39.The election_______for the State governor has begun this year.A.campaignB.boltC.hellD.immense40.Anyone without_______illness can do this simple job.dB.mindC.mentalD.mend41.Glass may_______at high temperature.A.profitB.pronounceC.stingD.melt42.Silver_______electricity far better than other materials.A.equipsB.strikesC.cracksD.conducts43.Everyone is encouraged to_______food or clothing for those who suffered a great deal in the flood.A.attributeB.distributeC.contributeD.drift44.White teeth are a sharp_______to black skin.A.contentB.contractC.contrastD.contain45.Tom is_______about photography.He spends nearly all his money on it.A.justiceB.innocentC.fierceD.crazy46.We need help from the other countries.But we do not_______ on others for support.A.engageB.leanC.stripD.multiply47.We will_______the plan because of the cost.A.councilB.journalC.dampD.oppose48.Our train is_______at Shanghai at seven o’clock this evening.A.dueB.crystalC.cushionD.cooperation49.Her voice was_______in the noise.A.filledB.entertainedC.enormousD.drowned50.He is very_______in his family and never does anything against his wife.A.henceB.possessC.outerD.humble答案：1.A2.C3.D4.C5.A6.D7.D8.D9.C10.D11.A12.C13.C14.A15.A 16.D17.A18.D19.C20.C21.D22.D23.D24.B25.D26.D27.D28.B29.A 30.D31.C32.A33.C34.A35.D36.D37.C38.C39.A40.C41.D42.D43.C 44.C45.D46.B47.D48.A49.D50.D本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
兰大法学院考研试题
2008年兰州大学招收攻读硕士学位研究生考试试题初试科目名称：法理学（含中国法制史）一、辨析题（每题10分，共计五十分。
要求：答出概念的定义，并分析相互之间的区别或联系）1、法的要素与法律规则要素。
2、法律事件与法律行为。
3、民事法律责任与行政法律责任。
4、“公室告”与“非公室告”。
5、“三司推事”与“三司会审”。
二、分析判断题（每题8分，共计40分。
要求：先判断正误，然后说明理由，只判断正误不说明理由，不得分）。
1、法律关系既具有意志性又具有客观性。
2、主观过错是行为人承担法律责任的必要条件。
3、法制现代化进程是世界性与民族性的有机统一。
4、《法经》是中国历史上正式公布的第一部成文法典。
5、《晋律》开创了以《唐律疏仪》为代表的封建法典律疏并行编纂体例的先河。
三、简答题（每题10分，共计30分）1、什么是法律行为的构成要件？构成法律行为须具备哪些要件？2、原始习惯于法律有哪些异同？3、清律对资本主义经济因素的遏制主要表现在哪些方面？四、论述题（每题15分，共计30分）1、试论法律在构建社会主义和谐社会中的重要作用。
2、试论法律监督的功能。
兰州大学法学院2009年硕士研究生考试诉讼法学试题一、概念辨析（每题8分，共48分）诉讼标的与诉讼请求；申请撤诉与按撤诉处理；客观事实与法律真实；刑事代理制度与刑事辩护制度；具体行政行为与抽象行政行为；行政诉讼与行政复议。
二、简答题（每题10分，共60分）妨害民事诉讼行为的构成要件；第一审程序与第二审程序的区别；划分刑事诉讼阶段的标准；职权主义诉讼模式的特征；行政诉讼的构成要件；行政诉讼合法性审查的标准。
三、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1、试论民事诉讼的目的；2、试论禁止双重危险规则或一事不再审理原则在刑事诉讼中的移植。
四、案例分析（每题6分，共12分）1、2006年5月，王某向法院起诉，称被告刘某曾与2004年向他借钱5万元，当时约定一年后返还并支付利息一万元。
兰州大学 2004年招收攻读硕士学位研究生考试试题
兰州大学兰州大学兰州大学兰州大学 2004 年研究生考试题招生专业生命科学学院各专业考试科目细胞生物学一、名词解释（每个名词 2 分，共 30 分）1.氧化磷酸化: 氧化磷酸化，生物化学过程，在真核细胞的线粒体或细菌中，是物质在体内氧化时释放的能量供给ADP与无机磷合成ATP的偶联反应2.细胞分化:细胞选择性的表达各自特有的专一性蛋白质而导致细胞形态结构功能的差异3.膜骨架:细胞质膜下，与膜蛋白相连，由纤维蛋白组成的网架结构，他参与维持细胞质膜的性状并协助质膜完成多项生理功能4.静息电位：是指细胞未受刺激时，存在于细胞膜内外两侧的外正内负的电位差。
5.M期促进因子：即CDK1激酶：由CDK1和周期蛋白B结合而成，调控细胞由G2期向M期转化6.中膜体：由细胞膜内陷而成，每个细胞内有一个或数个中膜体，其性状差异很大，革兰氏阴性菌中常见，可能起DNA复制支点作用7.转运肽：是一种12~60个氨基酸残基的前导序列，它引导在细胞溶质中合成的蛋白质输入线粒体和叶绿体。
这些肽通常富含碱性氨基酸，但几乎没有酸性氨基酸。
苏氨酸和丝氨酸通常很常见。
转运肽识别特殊膜蛋白，但本身不转移到靶细胞中，而是被肽酶切除。
不同转运肽似乎没有保守序列。
转运肽是在翻译后靶向目标的。
一些线粒体和质体蛋白没有这些可切除的N末端序列。
靶中的路径似乎受羧基末端或蛋白质内部序列的影响。
转运肽使若干蛋白质定位于细胞器膜中。
之后细胞内蛋白质在叶绿体侣伴蛋白60的帮助下折叠。
8.CDK 激酶：即周期蛋依赖性蛋白激酶，一类含有一段类似氨基酸序列的蛋白，它们可以和周期蛋白结合并受后者的调节，可以磷酸化其他蛋白，比如组蛋白H1、核纤层蛋白等9.自主复制DNA 序列：具有一段11~14bp的同源性很高的富含AT的共有序列，其上下游各200bp左右的区域是维持ARS功能所必须的。
他确保染色体在细胞周期中能够自我复制，确保染色体在细胞世代中的连续性10.核纤层：核纤层普遍存在于高等真核细胞中，是内层核被膜下纤维蛋白片层，其纤维直径为10毫微米左右，纤维纵横排列整齐呈纤维网络状11.karyotype：核型；指染色体组在有丝分裂中期的表型，包括染色体数目、大小、形态特征的总和，它具有种属特异性。
兰州大学分析化学和物理化学2007-2011年考研真题及答案解析
目录Ⅰ历年真题试卷 (2)兰州大学2007年招收攻读硕士学位研究生考试试题 (2)兰州大学2008年招收攻读硕士学位研究生考试试题 (6)兰州大学2009年招收攻读硕士学位研究生考试试题 (10)兰州大学2010年招收攻读硕士学位研究生考试试题 (14)兰州大学2011年招收攻读硕士学位研究生考试试题 (18)Ⅱ历年真题答案解析 (22)兰州大学2007年招收攻读硕士学位研究生考试试题答案解析 (22)兰州大学2008年招收攻读硕士学位研究生考试试题答案解析 (34)兰州大学2009年招收攻读硕士学位研究生考试试题答案解析 (49)兰州大学2010年招收攻读硕士学位研究生考试试题答案解析 (61)兰州大学2011年招收攻读硕士学位研究生考试试题答案解析 (73)Ⅰ历年真题试卷兰州大学2007年招收攻读硕士学位研究生考试试题招生专业：化学化工学院无机化学、分析化学、有机化学、物理化学、高分子化学与物理、化学信息学、药物化学生物学考试科目：613分析化学和物理化学（分析化学占40%）注意：答案请一律写在答题纸上，写在试题上无效分析化学一、填空题（20分）1误差分为系统误差和偶然误差，为了减小系统误差，通常采用____________，____________和____________试验。
为了减小偶然误差，通常____________。
2滴定分析按操作方式可分为____________，____________，____________和____________。
3在配位滴定中常用EDTA为滴定剂，它是____元酸，在水中呈____种状态，只有___与金属配位，为了保证配位滴定的顺利进行，通常体系中加入_____维持EDTA形态。
4氧化还原滴定中，等当点电位的表达式是______________，在滴定结束前，利用_______计算体系的电位。
在滴定200％处，体系电位为______的电位。
5沉淀滴定通常是银量法，分为3种方式，分别为____________，____________，___________。
兰州大学年博士研究生招生考试试题.doc
2019党员创先争优承诺书4篇_承诺书党员就是旗帜，党员就是榜样，党员就是先锋，党员就是表率。
在创先争优活动中，我郑重作出如下承诺：1、带头学习提高。
自觉坚定理想信念，争做报效轧钢的楷模；努力学习科学文化知识和各项技能，积极主动思考和解决工作中存在的问题，争做勤奋学习的典范。
2、带头争创佳绩。
有强烈的事业心和责任感，干一行爱一行，埋头苦干、刻苦钻研，在本职岗位上业绩突出，争做爱岗敬业的先锋。
3、带头服务职工群众。
加强党内团结，维护企业稳定，加强与群众之间的交流，积极帮助职工群众解决实际困难，争做职工群众的贴心人。
4、带头遵纪守法。
自觉遵守党的纪律，模范遵守国家法律法规和企业各项规章制度。
做到党员身边无事故、无违章、无违纪、无盗窃，争做遵章守纪的表率。
5、带头弘扬正气。
转变工作作风，廉洁奉公，敢于同不良风气、违纪违法行为作斗争，争做爱厂护厂的卫士。
社区党总支党员创先争优承诺书为进一步推进社区党组织创先争优活动的深入开展，充分发挥共产党员的先锋模范作用，社区党总支各位党员根据实际情况，现向社区党总支作出承诺，敬请社区党组织予以监督。
1、严格履行党员义务，树立社会主义荣辱观，服从组织分配，积极完成党的任务，在社区建设等方面起先锋模范作用。
2、遵纪守法，遵守社会公德，带头维护并保持社区环境卫生。
3、积极参与社区建设，不定期参加社区义务劳动，积极为社区发展建言献策。
4、密切联系群众，及时向党反映群众的意见和要求，维护群众的正当利益。
5、服从社区管理，参加社区党支部组织的各项活动。
6、关心群众生活，积极为居民做好事，办实事。
7、发扬正气，坚决与各种违法犯罪和不良行为作斗争。
8、积极参加党组织活动，开好民主生活会，开展批评与自我批评。
党员创先争优公开承诺书为积极参加“争先创优”活动，据机关党委的统一部署和要求，争当优秀共产党员，始终体现党的先进性。
作为一个党员的我承诺：一、严格遵守党章的各项规定，清正廉洁，秉公办事，履行职责，牢固筑起廉洁自律的防线，做到“一身正气、两袖清风”，不断提高拒腐防变能力，时刻牢记“权为民所用，情为民所系，利为民所谋”，认真做好组织上交办的各项工作。
兰州大学病理学和病理生理学2019年考博真题考博试卷
医学考博真题试卷
兰州大学
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2019 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：病理学和病理生理学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、选择题（25 个单选，5 个多选）
二、名词解释 5 个 1. nanplasia tumor 2. 肉芽肿性炎 3. 桥接坏死 4. 肺褐色硬变 5. 全身适应综合征
三、简答题 4 个 1. 肺结核的基本病变特征，形成条件 2. 胃溃疡的病理学特点，疼痛的原理 3. 固缩肾由哪些疾动的机制
四、论述题 2 个 1. 发热的分期及热代谢特点 2. 分子病理学的含义。与传统组织病理学的区别
英语 作文是批判性思维 翻译是 copd
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兰州大学 2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生考试试题
兰州大学 2013 年招收攻读硕士学位研究生考试试题注意：答案请一律写在答题纸上，写在试题上无效。
一名词解释（4/题）1 细胞学说:一切：细胞学说是1838~1839年间由德国植物学家施莱登和动物学家施旺最早提出，直到1858年才较完善。
它是关于生物有机体组成的学说。
2 caspase: 是一组存在于细胞质中具有类似结构的蛋白酶。
它们的活性位点均包含半胱氨酸残基，能够特意地切割靶蛋白天冬氨酸残基后的肽键，因此意为天冬氨酸特异性的半胱氨酸蛋白水解酶，负责选择性的切割某些蛋白质，切割的结果是使靶蛋白活化或失活，而非完全降解3.GFP:绿色荧光蛋白；其基因所产生的蛋白质，在蓝色波长范围的光线激发下，会发出绿色荧光。
这个发光的过程中还需要冷光蛋白质水母素的帮助，且这个冷光蛋白质与钙离子可产生交互作用4 氧化磷酸化：氧化磷酸化，生物化学过程，在真核细胞的线粒体或细菌中，是物质在体内氧化时释放的能量供给ADP与无机磷合成ATP的偶联反应5 蛋白酶体：是在真核生物和古菌中普遍存在的，在一些原核生物中也存在的一种巨型蛋白质复合物。
在真核生物中，蛋白酶体位于细胞核和细胞质中。
主要作用是降解细胞不需要的或受到损伤的蛋白质。
6 信号假说：分泌性蛋白N端作为信号肽指导分泌性蛋白到内质网膜上合成，然后在信号肽的指引下蛋白质边合成边通过移位子蛋白复合体进入内质网腔在蛋白质合成之前信号肽内切除的假说叫做信号假说7 巨大染色体：在某些生物的细胞中，特别是发育的某些阶段，可以观察到一些特殊的体积很大的染色体包括多线染色体和灯刷染色体这两种染色体的总称叫做巨大染色体8.zine finger motif：锌指模式；负责5SrRNA，tRNA和部分snRNA基因转录的RNA聚合酶Ⅲ所必须的转录因子，每个锌指单位是一个DNA结合结构域，每个心智的C末端形成α螺旋负责与DNA结合9.NLS：和定位信号；也称核定位序列，是存在于亲核蛋白内的一些短的氨基酸序列片段，富含碱性氨基酸残基。
兰大考博2005年真题
兰州大学2005年招收攻读博士学位研究生英语考试试题Section Ⅰ (20%)1.Hemp, a barsh, stiff fiber, comes from a plant that grows in both hotand mild climates.A. rigidB. stickyC. denseD. woven2. At least six times since the end of the last ice age, the MississippiRiver has dramatically altered its course.A. unfortunatelyB. radicallyC. steadilyD. incvitably3. The Depreasion years of 1930`s brought with them the notion of jobsharing to spread available work around; the workweek dropped to modem low for the United Statesof 35 hours.A. conceptB. pictureC. noticeD. program4. The longest unbroken border in the world is that between Canada andThe United States.A. reciprocalB. incessantC. uninterruptedD. enduring5. A major chatacteristic of parliament government is the fusion ofexecutive and legislative powers in one body.A. alignmentB. fixingC. strengthD. union6. New York is a shopper`s paradise whether one wants to spend afortune in elegant department stores or rifle though goods displayed on street barrows.A. turn one`s back onB. walk casually alongC. search carefully forD. to look quickly over7. The role of the performing artist is to interpret, not alter, the notes ona printed sheet of music.A. reproduceB. omitC. changeD. compose8. Within minutes, as my guide predicted, a beggar accosted me.A. insultedB. intinddatedC. approached and addressedD. asked fou money9. The stories of Sarah Onne Jewerr are considered by many to be moreauthentically regional than those of Bret Harte.A. genuinelyB. blatantlyC. intentionallyD. thoroughly10. With the down of space exploration, the notion that atmosphericconditions on Earth may be unique in the solar system was strengthened.A. continuationB. beginningC. expansionD. outcome11. When a flounder first hatches, it looks like a typical fish.A. emerges from the eggB. maturesC. swims aboutD. rises from the bottom12. Many movies receive disparaging reviews from film experts and yetbecome extremely successful.A. lengthyB. authoritativeC. negativeD. uninteresting13. A vein is a depoait of mineral matter that has filled a fault or seamin a rock.A. a caveB. a crackC. an indentationD. a hole14. During the late 1860`s, thirty-three whaling ships were trapped in aice floe off Alaska and had to be abandoned.A. protectedB. overturnedC. given upD. towed away15. There are numerous manuals available with instructions on how tofix a bicycle.A. steerB. controlC. rideD. repair16. Because he was unaware of the new limit, he was stopped andwarned for speeding.A. ignorantB. obstinateC. IntricateD. adjacent17. The strait is a difficult stretch of water, too perilous for small ferriesto cross.A. surgingB. riskyC. narrowD. windy18. The initial sounds of words are frequently stressed.A. alphabeticalB. vowelC. hardD. beginning19. Weather forecasers must know as much as possible about the stateof the atmosphere.A. organizationB. locationC. conditionD. composition20. A kiin is a type of oven in which clay is fired so that it hardens intoform of ceramic material.A . lightenced B. repairedC. meltedD. bakedSectionⅡ(20%)21. no two people think exactly alike, there will always bedisagreement, but disagreement should not always be avoided; it can be healthy if handled creatively.A. WhyB. There areC. BecauseD. That22. Until the eighteenth century , charcoal was used in blastlurnaces, as well as in glassmaking, blacksmithing, and metalworking.A. the chief fuel wasB. what the chief fuelC. the chief fuel thatD. the chief fuel23. The early cultures of the genus Homo were generally byregular use of stone tools and by a hunting gathering economy.A. well-knownB. admittedC. distinguishedD. condidered24. Mamufacturing is Canada`s most important economic activity,17 percent of the workforce.A. engagesB. engagingC. and to engageD. that it engages25. Railway industry must the growing demands for carryingfreight and passengers.A. keep pace withB. keep a pace withC. keep paces togetherD. follow the pace of26. In war time, pigeons to fly as fast as 75 miles an hour andto cover distances of 500 to 600 miles.A. are to be knownB. have been knownC. are supposed to have knownD. usually know27. The American frontier the relatively unsettled regions ofthe United States, usually found in the western part of the country.A. included inB. make up ofC. includingD. consisted of28. In carlier times there were more sheep in the South of New Zealandthan in the North; now, with increasing attention to cross-bred flocks, the reverse .A. being trueB. being the caseC. are trueD. is the case29. Most people would agree that, our age exceeds all previous ages inknowledge, there has been no increase in wisdom.A. respectiveB. relatedC. correspondingD. consistent30. Statuses are marzelous human inventions that to getalong with one another and to determine where we “fit” in society.A. enable usB. make us capableC. give us powerD. we are able31. Tidiness means keeping things out of sight and availablewhen wanted.A. so thatB. alsoC. soD. yet32. A few years ago a brand of bread to dieters with themessage that there were fewer calories in every slice.A. was offeredB. had offeredC. was offeredD. being offered33. The business institutes have more prestige in American society thanany other organization the government.A. including ofB. to includeC. includedD. including34. that life began billions of years ago in the water..A. It is believedB. In the beliefC. The beliefD. Believing35. as food additives ,antioxidants prevent fats and oilsfrom becoming rancid when exposed to air, and thus extend their shelf life.A. While usedB. When usingC. When usedD. Using36. As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child,is very important in parental tasching.A. firmnessB. consistencyC. harmonyD. correlation37. John was the only one who knew how to cook because he hadin the kitchen when he was a boy.A. helped withB. helped upC. helped outD. helped himself38. Methods of measuring mass, time, and distance are ofhuman culture.A. among the oldest skillsB. they are among the oldest skillsC. what among the oldest skillsD. the skills that among the oldest39. The first glass factory the North American continentwas started in Jamostown, Virginia, in 1607.A. was established onB. being establishedC. established onD. that established it40. The notion that students are not sufficiently involved in theireducation is for the recent surge of support for undergraduate research.A. reason thatB. one reasonC. the reason whichD. reasonPart Two Translation (40%)Section Ⅰ (From English into Chinese)Directions Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(20%)I lost my sight when I was four years old by falling off a box car in a freight yard in Atlantic City and landing on my head. Now I am thirty-two, I can vaguely remember the brightness of sunshine and what colorred is. It would be wonderful to see again, but a calamity can do strange things to people. (1) It occurred to me the other day that I might no t have come to love life as I do if I hadn`t been blind. I believe in life now. I am not so sure that I would have believe in it so deeply, otherwise. I don`t mean that I would prefer to go without my eyes. I simply mean that the loss of them made me appreciate the more what I had left.Life, I believe, asks a continuous series of adjustments to reality. (2) The more readily a person is able to make these adjustments, the more meaningful his own private world would become. The adjustment is never easy. I was bewildered and afraid. But I was lucky. My parents and my teachers saw something in me – a potential to live, you might call it – and they made me want to fight it out with blindness.The hardest lesson I had to learn was to believe in myself. That was basic. If I hadn`t been able to do that, I would have collapsed and become a chair rocker on the front porch for the rest of my life. When I say belief in myself I am not talking about simply the kind of self- confidence that helps me down an unfamiliar staircase alone. That is part of it. But I mean something bigger than that a assurance I am, despite imperfections, a real, positive person; (3) that somewhere in the sweeping intricate pattern of people there is a special place where I can make myself fit.It took me years to discover and strengthen this assurance. It had to start with the most elementary things. Once a man gave me an indoorbaseball. I thought he was mocking me and I was hurt. “I can`t use this,” I said. “Take it with you, and roll it around,” he urged me. The words stuck in my head. By rolling the ball I could hear where it went. (4) This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought impossible playing baseball. At Philadephia`s Overbrook School for the Blind I invented a successful variation of baseball. We called it ground ball.All my life I have set ahead of me a series of goals and then tried to reach them, one at a time. I had to learn my limitations. (5) It was no good to try for something I knew at the start was wildly out of reach because that only invited the bitterness of failure. I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made progress.Section Ⅱ (From Chinese into English)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into English (20%)盼头（6）细娃盼过年，大人盼开春。