专业学位研究生英语通用教程_第二版,课文翻译
研究生英语系列教材综合教程下 课文翻译二
unit2 商业化及其对于体育的影响杰.J.科克利商业体育已经成为了许多当代社会显而易见的部分。
它们还呈现出全球性的特征，随着经济利益跨越国界，继续在全球扩张。
下文重点探讨商业化如何影响体育运动的开展形式及其组织方式。
1 在整个历史长河中，人们都是把体育当作某种形式的公众娱乐。
然而，体育从未像今天这样作为一种商业产品被如此盛大地包装、推广、呈现和开展，有关体育的决策以及与体育相关的社会关系也同样从未如此显然地受到商业因素的影响。
对许多人来说，账本底线已取代了球门线，体育不再只是为了运动员们自身的兴趣而存在。
今天，乐趣和“好比赛”的定义取决于门票收入、特许权收入、媒体播放权的出售、市场份额、收视率以及广告潜力。
那么，当体育变得商业化时，它会怎样？当体育变得依赖于门票收入和媒体传播权的出售时，它会发生变化吗？2 我们知道，每当任何一项体育运动被转化为商业性娱乐活动时，它的成功就依赖于观众的兴趣。
尽管观众对于体育的拥护背后潜藏着多种动机，但他们对于体育比赛的兴趣通常与三种相结合的因素有关：比赛结果的不确定性，参加一项比赛相关的风险或经济回报，以及预期中的运动员的卓越、英勇表现。
换句话说，当观众提及一场“不错的比赛”或一场“激动人心的比赛”时，这场比赛，通常在比赛即将结束的最后几分钟甚至几秒钟时，结果仍然扑朔迷离；或者比赛涉及高额奖金，因而运动员们都全身心地投入比赛；或者比赛展示了许多出色的或者“英雄式”的表现。
只要运动比赛包含所有这三方面因素，人们就会长时间记得并讨论这场比赛。
3 商业化对于大多数体育运动的结构和目标没有太大的影响。
尽管观众会对其产生影响，但在历史上，运动项目保持了它们的基本结构。
创新也是在这一框架内进行的，并不会完全废除这项运动的基本设计。
例如，奥运会的商业化导致了某些赛事规则的微小变化，但其每项运动的基本结构还是和商家赞助及电视转播权出售之前基本一致。
4 看来，与运动的结构和目的相比，商业化更多的是影响运动参与者的取向。
研第二册Text B课文翻译
参考译文光有善良还不够道·玛德什么样的人算好人?“好人”的“好”是很难定义的。
历代的哲学家们一直在讨论，什么是“善良的人生”？它能否用某些具体的特征来定义。
当然，我们具体到特定的事件，周围的熟人时，很容易看出孰好孰坏。
相信你一定能想起你印象中的好人——列出个名单也不难！我在确定我印象中的“好人”的特征时，（他们都是芸芸众生中善良的人们），有两点很突出：第一，他们急人所急；第二，他们身体力行。
当别人有困难时，他们不会说：“这关我什么事呀？”也不会搓着手，做无助状：“会有人管吧？”因为他们很清楚，如果你环顾四周，想找个会“管事的人”，这人很可能就是你自己！好人的第三个特点是负责任。
他们在做重要的大事时，不光做做表面工作。
他们做事不是追逐私利，也不是明哲保身，而是努力解决问题或者达到某个目的。
他们不会接受这样不负责任的回答：“反正试过了，有什么办法？”怎么样？听起来很带劲吧？看到对这种对“好人”的描述，你大概不会不想：“我就是想这么做的！”我印象中的好人也大致如此。
但在现实世界中，他们的日子可不好过！当今的世界有什么不同？当今世界纵横联系，分工很细，到处是条条框框的组织。
它们的目标任务长远到遥遥无期。
所有这些因素累加在一起，现代人就会有许多我们祖先无法想象的需求。
几百年前，我们的祖先大多生活在欧洲。
当时如果亚洲发生瘟疫，非洲发生饥荒，他们根本不会知道，关注更是无从谈起。
临近村庄发生的事就是大家茶余饭后的谈资，这些事既不重要，也无须紧急处理。
但现在我的朋友远在千里之外，却能伸出援手，帮助受飓风卡吹那灾害的人们重建家园。
2004年袭击东南亚的海啸使得世界各地的人们掏出钱包，献出爱心！在网络信息四通八达的现代，这似乎是他们能做的最菲薄的贡献。
在高度分工的现代社会，我们能加入的组织，扮演的角色几乎是无穷无尽的。
而我们的祖先最多属于他们的家庭、社区或行会。
他们参与更大的政府组织，社会活动往往是无意识的。
研究生英语读写译第二版1-7课练习参考答案和参考译文
《研究生英语读写译教程》（第二版）练习参考答案及参考译文（注：第二版只有第六单元为全新单元，其余单元只是有些调整。
）各单元练习答案UNIT ONE STAY HUNGRY. STAY FOOLISH. COMPREHENSION1 He dropped out of Reed College because he did not see the value of it. (The answer to the second part of the question is open.)2 Life was tough –he slept on the floor in friends’ rooms, he returned coke bottles and he walked 7 miles to get one good free meal…3 He cited the example to demonstrate that what he had learned in his calligraphy class worked when designing the first Macintosh computer.4 Jobs’ first story tells that the dots will somehow connect in your future. (What you have learned/experienced might help in your future career.)5 He was publicly out. (The company that he and Woz established dismissed him.) The fact that he still loved what he did made him start over again.6 He has learned a good lesson from his failure.7 Do the things we love to do.8 Open.9 Open.10 Open. (We should always want more, never be content and when we want to do something that others say is foolish, do it anyway.)VOCABULARY AND STRUCTUREA1 naively2 curiosity3 combination4 let down5 vision6 baton7 creative8 mirror9 trap 10 inventionB1 drowned out2 tuition3 Commencement4 deposit5 typography6 make way for7 animation8 intuition9 destination 10 divergeC1 follow: orders, rules, advice, fads, an ideal, one’s instinct2 trust in: honesty, the Lord, power, intuition, sixth sense3 wear out, fade out, put out, make out, get out, break out4 play writer/playwright, speedwriter, blog writer, letter writer, editorial writer5 habitual, textual, accentual, sexual, spiritual, conceptual6 shocking, stunning, eye-catching, astonishing, striking, dazzling SPEAKING: Open.TRANSLATIONA1热烈的鼓掌2波涛汹涌的海面3熟睡4烟瘾大的人5油腻而难消化的食物6烈酒7悲痛的消息8沉闷冗长的读物9〈化〉重水10他在一家法国银行拥有外国人账户。
研究生综合英语 第二版 曾建彬主编 课文翻译Unit1
Unit one英语简史保罗·罗伯茨想要掌握英语这门语言就必须了解英语的历史，然而对此我们只能做到略有所知。
因为英语的历史漫长而复杂，我们只能抓住其发展过程中的几个关键时期。
英语的历史起源于公元600年之后，而对于公元600年之前的英语史前阶段，我们只能揣测而无法证实。
公元前1000年左右，英语民族的祖先(盎格鲁一撒克逊人)生活在北欧森林之中，他们的语言属于印欧语系中的日耳曼语支。
这些盎格鲁撤克逊人是如何迁移到英格兰的，对此我们知之甚少。
然而据我们所知，在很长一段时间内盎格鲁人、撒克逊人、朱特人一直在为巩固他们在英格兰的定居地而战。
他们与凯尔特人的战争持续了100多年，直到英格兰境内的凯尔特人不是被杀，就是被迫流亡到威尔士或沦为奴隶。
这就是亚瑟王时期。
亚瑟王不完全是一个传说人物，他是个受过罗马文明影响的凯尔特人，是一位将领，或许不是一位国王。
他也曾打败过盎格鲁撤克逊人，但只是一时的胜利。
到了公元550年前后，盎格鲁一撤克逊人才最终定居下来。
英语从此也在英格兰落脚。
我们习惯上把英语的历史分为三个阶段：古英语时期，中世纪英语时期和现代英语时期。
古英语时期从最早的历史记载即公元7世纪到大约1100年；中世纪英语时期从1100年到1450或1500年；现代英语时期从1500年至今。
现代英语也可以再分为早期现代英语(1500年到1700年)和后期现代英语(1700年至今)。
根据最早的历史记戴，当时的英格兰分裂为几个相对自治的王国。
在一定时期，其中的某一个王国对其他王国实行一定程度的统治。
公元6世纪，实力最强大的诺森伯里亚王国取得了令人瞩目的发展，达到了全欧洲最发达的文明程度。
也是在这一时期产生了包括贝奥武夫史诗这样的古英语时期最杰出的文学作品。
到公元8世纪，诺森伯里亚王国衰落了，势力中心向南转移到英格兰中部的麦西亚王国。
一个世纪后，势力中心又转移到位于西撒克逊的威萨克斯，威萨克斯成为实力最强的王国。
研究生英语读写教程2翻译
UNIT 11. During each of these passages, how we feel about our way of living will undergo su btle changes in four areas of perception. One is the interior sense of self in relation t o others. A second is the proportion of safeness to danger we feel in our lives. A thir d is our perception of time—do we have plenty of it,or are we beginning to feel that t ime is running out? Last, there will be some shift at the gut level in our sense of alive ness or stagnation. These are the hazy sensations that compose the background tone of living and shape the decisions on which we take action.在这些变化和转折中，我们对生活方式的看法要经历四个感知方面的微妙变化：第一，在内心中对自己和他人的看法；第二，在生活的各种威胁面前所具有的安全感；第三是我们对时间的认识，是感到来日方长，还是开始感到时日无多？最后是对自己的精力和活力的直觉意识，是感到精力充沛，还是感到力不从心？这些都是在我们内心里产生的若明若暗的感觉，它们构成了我们生活的基调，影响着我们采取行动前的种种决定。
2. The tasks of this passage are to locate ourselves in a peer group role ,a sex role, an anticipated occupation,an ideology or world view. As a result, we gather the impetus to leave home physically and the identity to begin leaving home emotionally.人生这一阶段的任务是，在同龄人中，在性别角色中，在期望的职业中，以及在思想意识和世界观方面确立自己的位置。
硕士英语综合教程2课文翻译Unit6
Unit 6奥巴马获胜演讲1.2.是那些今天在学校和教堂排着长队、数不胜数的选民做出了同――他们的声音会让这次不同。
3.这个回答来自青年、老人、穷人、富人、民主党、共和党人、黑皮肤、白皮肤、拉美人、亚裔、印第安人、同性恋和非同性恋者、残疾人和健全——美利坚合众国。
4.望的新的一天。
5.6.象的。
这位勇敢而无私的领袖的付出会让我们的国家更强大。
7.8.他一道乘火车上下班的特拉华州人民的声音。
现在他将是美国的副总9.如果不是我过去十六年间最亲密的朋友、我的家庭的基石和是如此爱你们。
我们会带着你们刚赢得的小狗一起搬进白宫。
10.在看着呢——想念他们。
我知道我欠他们的难以偿还。
11.感谢我的竞选经理——David PlouffeDavid Axelrod牲我永远感谢。
12.13.我从来都不是总统的最佳人选。
刚开始时我们没有太多经费也没有很多要人的支持。
我们的竞选不是孵化自华盛顿的会议大厅Iowa普通人家的客厅、以及查尔斯顿的某个前廊。
14.拿出五元、十元来支持我们的理念。
15.我们的胜利来自于年轻人——那些远离家人承担辛苦但收入微薄的竞选工作的年轻人。
他们反驳了关于他们是冷漠的一代的谬中走街串巷向完全陌生的选民进行宣传。
我们的胜利来自数以百万计民有、民治、民享的政府仍然长存。
16.17.我。
你们这样做是因为你们知道我们面临的任务之艰巨。
即便我们今——两场战争、一个奄奄一息的星球、和一场百年不遇的经济危机。
18.国人明早会在伊拉克的沙漠或是阿富汗的山地中醒来——他们在为我们冒生命危险。
19.我们知道父母们在孩子睡下后辗转难眠付按揭、医疗账单、或是为孩子上大学筹款。
我们需要去开发新能源、创造新就业机会、建设新学校、面对新挑战、和修复我们的战略联盟。
20.题。
21.前面会有挫折和弯路。
很多人不会完全同意我作为总统做出的政策和决定。
而且我们知道政府不会解决所有问题。
但关于面对的——特别是当我们意见相左时。
22.——穿。
硕士综合英语教程2Unit1、2、3、4、5 Text A译文
硕士综合英语教程2参考译文Unit 1成功机构，以人为本“我们公司的经营模式是公司和每一位员工共同成功，绝不落下任何人，这也是成功经营一个企业的典范……”——霍华德·舒尔茨1.英特尔公司奉行它。
微软、摩托罗拉、戈尔、西南航空公司、班杰瑞、惠普、林肯电气以及星巴克也都奉行它。
它是什么？它就是这些公司所奉行的“以人为本”的策略。
2.越来越多的例子证明，成功的组织都是以人为本的。
为什么？因为精明的经理人们已经认识到他们企业的员工才是它们唯一真正的竞争优势。
竞争者可以在产品、工艺、选址、销售渠道等诸多方面与其不相上下，但却很难效仿的是拥有一支由专业素质高和工作动机强的人组成的劳动力队伍。
几乎在所有的行业，那些成功的公司之所以超越它们的对手们，主要的区别就在于他们所能够得到和留住想要的人。
3.哪些做法才能区分以人为本的公司呢？我们至少可以列出四条：第一，它们重视文化的多样性。
它们根据年龄、性别和种族积极寻求一支多元化的员工队伍。
第二，它们具有家庭氛围。
公司通过为其员工提供灵活的工作时间以及现场托儿服务设施等帮助员工平衡工作和个人职责之间的关系。
第三，它们对员工培训进行投资。
这些公司花费巨资以确保员工的技能水平始终保持最新状态。
这不仅确保员工可以处理该公司的最新技术和工艺，而且还使这样的员工极具市场竞争力。
第四，以人为本的公司将权力下放给员工。
它们将权力和义务下放到公司的最底层。
4.那些奉行以人为本的组织拥有一支更敬业、更忠诚的工作团队。
因而这样的团队精神转化成了高生产率和工作满意度。
这些员工会愿意做出更大的努力——为了准确彻底地完成他们的工作，他们会全力以赴。
我们来看一看其中的一个因奉行“以人为本”而取得成功的公司：星巴克。
星巴克的卓越成就5.让你在咖啡中醒来！——星巴克无处不在。
作为世界首屈一指的专业咖啡零售商，星巴克在世界上30多个国家开设和授权开设了8000多家咖啡店。
这些咖啡店销售各种各样的咖啡饮品、食物、咖啡及咖啡用品。
研究生英语应用教程(第二册)完整版课后翻译unit 1-8单元
Translation第一单元A．Western teachers working at Chinese preschools express shock at the levels of strictness imposed ,and the ways in which the most difficult children are chastised.While this high degree of discipline has the negative effect of making children reluctant to initiate play , it does succeed in teaching self-control and respect for authority-precisely those qualities that are seen to be lacking in U.S school.Friends and family in North America often tell me that between piano ,art and sports lessons , their kids are already overscheduled and subject to pressures beyond their years.Yet , regardless of the number of extracurricular activities, the lives of western children are leisurely when compared to Chinese.对于校纪实施的严格程度和对最难管教学生的处罚方式，在中国幼儿园工作的西方教师表示震惊。
如此高度的纪律性虽然会产生令孩子们不愿意玩耍的消极影响，但也会教会他们自控和尊重权威，而这些品质恰恰是美国学生所缺少的。
硕士英语综合教程2课文翻译Unit8
Unit 8美国的房地产泡沫1.在2005-2006年期间达到了高峰。
随后已经不断上涨的“次贷”违约率和可调利率抵押贷款开始迅速增加。
打包贷款、营销等方面的提高励借款人承担困难的抵押贷款,以为他们能够在更有利的条件之下迅速筹集资金。
然而,一旦利率上升,房产价格在2006-2007年开始在美国的很多地区适度回落, 筹集资金变得更加困难。
违约和丧失抵押赎回权激增, 的那样上涨, 可调利率调得更高。
2. 在这次金融危机爆发前的许多年低利率和大量的外国资金流入创造了方便的信用条件,资消费。
信用和资金流入的结合造成了美国房地产泡沫。
各种类型的贷款(例如,抵押贷款、信用卡、汽车)所未有的债务负担。
随着部分的房市和信贷的繁荣,被称为抵押贷款证券和债务抵押证券的金融协议的数量大大增加了, 他们的价值来自于抵押贷款偿还和房价。
这样的金融创新使得世界各地的机构和投资商纷纷在美国的房地产市场投资。
当房价下跌, 已经借贷和大力投资次级抵押贷款证券的全球主要金融机构蒙受了重大的损失。
房价下跌也导致了房屋价值比抵押贷款低,进而刺激财务进入丧失抵押品赎回权。
始于美国2006年末的丧失抵押品赎回权一直在蔓延,并继续从消费者身上榨取财富并且侵蚀金融机构的金融实力。
随着危机从房市球的损失总额估计在数万亿美元。
3. 当房市泡沫和信贷泡沫加剧,一系列的因素导致金融体系不断的扩展,而且变得越来越脆弱,其过程被称为金融体系化。
政策制定者们没有看到如投资银行、对冲基金,也称为影子银行系统的金融机构所扮演的越来越重要的角色。
有些专家认为这些机构为美国经济提供信贷,同样规则的约束。
这些机构以及某些规范银行也承担了大量的债务负抵押贷款证券损失的财务储蓄。
这些损失冲击了金融机构的贷款能力,减缓了经济发展。
对金融机构的稳定性的关注使得中央银行提供资金鼓励借贷和恢复商业票据市场的信心,这对商业运作提供资金至关重要。
政府也帮助金融机构摆脱困境和执行经济刺激计划, 承担额外的财政承诺。
研究生英语第二册课文翻译
研究生英语第二册课文翻译第一单元如何应对恭维H·艾伦·史密斯尽管我确信蓄胡子会使我更加气度不凡，走在大街上会使女性发笑，但我从不留胡子，原因是我不敢冒险，因为哪怕蓄一点点胡子也很危险，它会招来别人的恭维。
例如，如果一位女士走到我跟前，说道：“你的胡子最迷人，”我会无所适从，不知怎样回答才好。
我可能会惊慌得脱口而出：“我也喜欢您的胡子。
”在社会交往中，应对恭维比对付辱骂要艰难得多，这话听起来有点矛盾，却有一定的道理。
闲聊时来句恭维话，往往让我们大多数人不知所措。
例如，有人对我们说上一句动听、赞美的话，我们就慌得说不出话来，膝盖开始瑟瑟发抖。
如果别人称赞不是真正属于我自己的东西时，我根本无法欣然接受。
我家住在一个小山上，俯瞰山下一片宽广的谷地。
来访者惊叹道：“天哪！你这儿的景色太美了！”整个山谷原本就在那里，不是我造的，也不属于我。
然而我傻乎乎地笑着说：“噢，没什么——无非是过去留下的一片土地而已。
”我在接受这种特定的恭维时，表示最能完全接受的说法就是“嗯，我们喜欢。
”采用这种答话必须得小心谨慎。
就某样东西说“我们喜欢”，言外之意就是，还有许多其他人都认为它很令人讨厌。
不久前，我和一批人在一起时，其中有位来自澳大利亚的地球物理学家在滔滔不绝地谈论宇宙中的奇观。
“我们生活的这个地球，”他说道，“是个了不起的、生机勃勃的、旋转的行星，是由一些不可思议的奇观组合而成。
”随后便是长时间的停顿。
这时，一位被他的这种极度夸张的恭维话所吸引的妇女，禁不住说道，“嗯，我们喜欢这个地球。
”我认为，对待恭维采取否定和贬低的态度是错误的。
“多漂亮的礼服啊！”你的朋友赞美道。
“噢，这么破的旧衣服！”你回答道。
这种情景，与我上述提出的观点非常相似。
别人赞美你的礼服，你无权为此感到羞愧或恼怒——除非这件礼服恰好是你自己亲手缝制的。
如果你这么说，“我是在麦茜商场的地下室和另一个妇女经过一番争抢才买下来的，”你可能会感觉更好些。
研究生公共英语(下)课本翻译
Unit 1: Science vs. the Humanities科学是一门知识，是解决工业、农业、战争和医疗方面技术问题的非常有用的工具。
要了解科学在于解决个人和国家面临的物质和精神方面可以达到什么广度和深度，就必须了解科学的真实含义是什么。
科学一词来自拉丁语Scire，它的意思是“知道”。
所以，从广义上讲，科学不过是指我们所知道的事情，是人类知识的总和。
但是，把科学定义为人类的全部知识是不切实际的，因为很明显，有各种不同门类的知识。
这些知识根据其获得的方法以及它所适合的经验范围而有所不同。
我们所了解的有关艺术、文学、法律、宗教和专门技术知识等都不同程度地分属于各种独立的知识财富，与我们通常所说的科学没有什么联系。
Science is a kind of knowledge which is a very useful tool in solving the technical problems of industry, agriculture, warfare, and medicine. To understand the width and depth to which science can be applied to the material and spiritual problems that confront individuals and nations requires an understanding of what science really is.The word science comes to us from a Latin word, Scire, which means “to know”. Then, in a broad sense, science is simply what we know, the total of all human knowledge. But the definition of science as all human knowledge would not be a workable one, for it is obvious that there are different types of knowledge. The kinds differ according to how the knowledge was obtained, and also according to what frame of experience it fits. What we know of the arts, literature, law, religion, and technical know-how, are more or less separate funds of knowledge. They have little to do with what we commonly call science.Unit5: The Science of Custom对人类学家来说，文化的涵义远胜于修养、品味、温文尔雅、教育以及美术欣赏等。
硕士英语综合教程2课文翻译Unit2
Unit 2耗时又费力的学位1. 法律专业的学生需要花费三年时间获得毕业文凭。
医学专业要平均花费九年多的时间完成学业。
一些博士学位的获得者可能没有份学院或者大学的有终身任职权的教师的工作—甚至从未找到一份。
2.研究生教育十多年的危机意识已经变得更为强烈。
威廉姆·帕纳潘克一位英语等教育纪事报写专栏。
3.心碎。
而当他于1999组织了一次抗议活动。
现代语言协会是由语言和文学方面的学者和教授组成一个组织。
在提到歌雅的一幅巨大残忍的绘画作品《萨恩图吞4.博士生可能不会面对像医学和法律学院的同伴那样令人头疼的课程负担或者以不正当手段进研究时间。
三年级的医学专业学生因为在医院的轮流值班而累得两眼种工作至少是为了取得他们的学位。
5.的时间负责。
在许多国家,三年或者四年里完成博士学位。
6.士学位的时间可能需要将近十二年。
大约一半的攻读人文学科博士学是3523000美元的贷款还要面临历史上不景气的就业市场。
兼职工作——没有福利和保障——这可能是唯一的选择。
7.路易斯·梅南德, 哈佛大学的一名英语教授和另一位关于博士教育过程的评论家,指出:,“从更永远无法完成学业并且大多数将找不到工作。
8.语教授和该组织的主席西顿尼·史密斯重新又提出已经困扰蓝带工作小组和教育专门小组多年夹、数字出版物和陈述报告。
她认为,缩短博士的学习过程将使奖学金不再热不可得并且更有意义。
9.规模的改变都是不可能。
理查德.博士的要求的改变都是放之四海而皆准。
他是临时代理学校工作的副校长以及伊利诺伊大学厄班那—香槟分校研究生院的前任院长。
谁想去参加另一所大学——并且是潜在的雇主——认为这次活动是对普遍存在的不满和具体就业问题的抗议。
“有失望10.威乐博士用了四年时间完成学业并于1969获得他的英语专并且对学位的获得者所要完成的事情的期望有根本性地增的简历中能有一长串出版的研究成果。
11.就业问题已经形成多年。
1989会科学博士学位。
研究生英语读写译第二版第六单元课文翻译
学术会议往往是相当沉闷的事，至少对于外行来说，美国人类学协会（AAA）的年度会议，通常也不例外。
但今年，最近在华盛顿哥伦比亚特区举行年会，是一个彻头彻尾的喧闹的聚会。
当然，也是最活跃、最激烈的，因为越南战争分裂的日子，当一些人类学家是自愿还是无意教唆暴力反叛乱袭击。
有一些严重的谩骂以及指名道姓的威胁，指责或排除某些同事。
激烈争吵的是那些少数但数量不断增加的和美国政府反恐合作的人类协会成员。
两年前，美国中央情报局悄悄开始招聘社会科学家，在学术期刊上的广告和提供高达400000美元的丰厚的薪金。
但在过去的几个月里，五角大楼已经与象牙塔合作达到一个新水平。
九月，华盛顿把一个称为“人类地域小组“的试点项目全面展开，耗资40000000美元的计划，将包括人类学家，社会学家和社会心理学家等学者的四或五人小组配备到美国在伊拉克和阿富汗的26个战斗部队。
虽然目前评估这些新领域团队的进展为时太早，但一些初步的报告是令人鼓舞的。
来自阿富汗，第四旅报道称在人类学的顾问建议将宣传从村里的老人集中在当地的毛拉后，在塔利班和盟军的巴基斯坦人和阿拉伯人占领的高峰，攻击下降60-70%。
一个毛拉据说很感动被邀请去祝福恢复在附近的美军基地的清真寺，于是他很快同意录制后反塔利班的广播广告。
“这听起来是真实的当然很好，我相信还有其他方面，但原则当然是有逻辑的，这是谁主管谁是你要面对的人。
”杰姆斯孔雀说，一个北卡罗来那大学的印度尼西亚的专家，目前主持一个研究人类学家参与国家安全事务的特设AAA委员会来。
紧跟着伊拉克占领区的巨大的处理不当，这一新的伙伴关系体现军事重新欣赏文化的重要性。
“对手越不传统，越远离西方文化规范，也更需要我们去了解社会和潜在的文化动力”蒙哥马利麦克法特说，她是海军的人类学家，她早期的观点被称为为人类学化的军事，而不是军事化的人类学。
然而，在许多业内人士认为，任何这种性质的合作损害了人类学领域的完整性。
在这样的情况下，人类学的部署”只是一个武器…而不是一个人民之间搭建桥梁的工具，罗伯托冈萨雷斯，，圣何塞州立大学人类学地副教授，人类学家组织中的主要成员。
研究生英语2课文翻译
1纽约大学的Robert A Fowkes是我过去的一位老师。
他喜欢讲在上世纪30年代他在德国上，古威尔士语课的故事。
第一天上课，教授大步走上讲台，翻了翻笔记，咳嗽了一声，开始说道：“早上好，女士们、先生们。
”Fowkes不安地扫视一番。
他是上这门课的唯一学生。
在学期中间，Fowkes因病缺了一次课。
他回到课堂的时候，教授毫无表情地向他点了点头。
接着令Fowkes大吃一惊的是，教授没有按照顺序讲下一课，而是讲了后面一课。
难道他真的在他唯一的学生缺席的情况下对着空教室讲了一课？Fowkes认为这太有可能了。
今天美国的大学受到了各方面的严厉指责。
人们指责老师没有教好，学生没有学好。
美国的商业和工业饱受无进取心的，缺乏创造力的管理人员之苦，这些人受的教育是自己不要思考，而是说一些时时的、在世界上其他地方早已抛弃的陈词滥调。
大学毕业生既没有基本技能也没有全面修养。
有人对高等教育的状况做了研究并发表了报告，但由此引发的变化在很大程度上不是表面的，就是使已经糟糕的情形变得更糟。
美国教育中很少被挑战的方面是讲课制度。
教授不停地讲，学生不停地记笔记，就像十三世纪时的情形一样，那时是因为书本匮乏又昂贵，很少有学生买得起。
我们早就该舍弃讲课制度，开始使用真正有用的方法。
想要了解现行体制的不足只要跟着一个假设的一年级学生就行了。
我们暂且称她为玛丽，我们还是跟她去上一个学期的心理学导论。
她到的第一天环顾巨大的课堂，看到班级这么大有些吃惊。
一旦一百或一百多个注册的学生发现教授从不点名，班级就缩小到不那么吓人的规模了。
有几天玛丽坐在前排，她可以看到教授在读一叠几乎和他的年纪一样老的发黄的讲义。
她听课烦了，其他大部分同学也听烦了，这从他们的行为中可以判断出：他们要么在打盹，要么在笔记本上涂鸦。
渐渐地她意识到教授和他的听众一样感到无聊。
每次课结束时他都问道：“有问题吗？”他的语气明显表明他更希望没有问题。
他不必担心，学生和他一样感到下课是一种解脱。
专业学位研究生英语通用教程_第二版,课文翻译
In the United States most people are simultaneously consumers and producers; they are also voters who help inf luence the decisions of the government. The mixture among consumers, producers, and government changes constantly, making a dynamic rather than a static economy. In the last decade consumers have made their concern known and government has responded by creating agenci es to protect consumer interests and promote the general public welfare. In another development, the population and the labor f orce have moved dramatically f rom farms to cities, f rom the f ields to the f actori es, and above all to service industries, thus providing more personal and public servi ces. In today’s economy these providers of services f ar outnumber producers of agricultural and manuf actured goods.﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏Every year 80000 Chinese die f rom antibiotics abuse, making China one of the worst offenders in the world. Statistics show that among the country’s 15 best-selling medicines, 10 are antibiotics. More than 50 per cent of the medical expenses f or Chinese in-patients goes to cover di ff erent kinds of antibiotics, while the f igure in Western countries is just 15 to 30per cent.The side eff ects of antibiotics use can damage organs, cause disorders in the body’s normal bacteria and increase the resistance of disease causing germs. Many Chinese believe the myth that antibiotics can diminish inf lammation, so they use them to treat everything f rom toothache to f ever. A story from the Xinhua News Agency said that more than 80 per cent of Chinese families have antibiotics stored on shelves at home in case of different kinds of infections.Children have becom e the biggest victims of antibiotic abuse where the drug kills normal bacteria leading to damage of children’s still growing organs. Statistics in Guangzhou showed the some 17 per cent of local residents now suffer from antibiotic-resisitant diseases while the f igure was 50 per cent for children, according to data f rom the local children’s hospital. The marked increase of asthma in children recently has a lot to do with antibiotics abuse.﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏Television news reports and programs bring about both positive and negative inf luence. From the news reports, people will happen in the world, such as wars in the Middle East and famine in Af rica. As a result they broaden their mind. By watching television programs people also get to know other peoples and their cultures. However, television news reports and programs may mislead people. V iolence and drug problems are harm f ul to young people. Political scandals, illegal campaign contributions an illegal f inancial manipulation greatly damage the nation’s image. Things t o worse especially when international audiences lack context f ram e of reference.﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy, and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of potential listeners declined, and thus there was some reduction in the need of read aloud. As reading f or the benef it of listeners grew less common, so came the f lourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and off i ces, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers.Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used f or inf ormation or treated respect f ully, and over whether the reading of materi al such as newspapers was n some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand by books and periodicals f or specialized readership on the other.﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏什么叫抠门？你是否会在快用完的洗发水瓶里加点水可以再多洗一次？或者在垃圾筐里陈一个塑料袋？是否会把大孩子穿过的一条牛仔裤或一条裙子给小孩子穿？或者用前一天的剩菜再做一顿新的吃？这些事情是否表明你是一个守财奴或吝啬鬼呢？尽管“抠门主义者”会说一分钱扮成两半用并不意味着抠门的生活方式，但是如果我们有意节省，我们会更能掌控手中的钱财。
专业学位通用英语教程汉译英参考译文
Unit 0neIn the United States most people are simultaneously consumers and producers; they are also voters who help influence the decisions of the government. The mixture among consumers, producers, and government changes constantly, making a dynamic rather than a static economy. In the last decade consumers have made their concern known and government has responded by creating agencies to protect consumer interests and promote the general public welfare. In another development, the population and the labor force have moved dramatic from farms to cities, from fields to the factories, and above all to service industries, thus providing more personal and public services. In today’s economy these providers of services far outnumber producers of agricultural and manufactured goods.Unit TwoPsychotherapists warn that people are now spending up to one quarter of their waking lives either talking or texting on the telephone or e-mailing, at the expense of face-to-face conversation. Amongst the most extreme cases were a teenage boy who spent 6,000 pounds compulsively texting people he didn’t even know and a married couple who could only communicate by text message, even when they were sitting side by side. “The concern is that too much ‘techno talk’ makes us uncomfortablewith more intimate face-to-face conversations and means we stop communicating effectively with each other,” psychologist David Lewis said.Unit ThreeThere is no question that today e are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, to possess more, and to become a success. Workaholism, a modern addiction, has thus arisen. The cause of workaholism is the perception that by working longer hours and completing more projects, we will enhance our self-worth. Many women today feel the same stress to produce and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder a variety of domestic responsibilities. Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to labor longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process.Unit FourYour partners should be a person who likes you and is interested in you, and therefore pays close attention to you. Attention is a matter of listening, asking and confirming understanding. Through your partners attention you are confirmed in your personality and you acquire the self-esteem that equips you to deal with the rest of the world. Your interaction with your partner should give you new insights that strengthenyour self-knowledge, and provide confirmation that you are a worthwhile person.The dialogue between partners builds people. It is an active process, and without it your relationship would just tread water, or sink, and your personality would be dull. The potential for mutual discovery and self-development is a rich sea running through every long-term relationship. It holds both sustenance and excitement, the ingredients for committed and erotic love.Unit FiveMore than most people, scientists pursue their calling for its own sake. The public acknowledge for a lifetime dedicated to research may be a footnote in a scientific journal. But for those who change the face of science through their work, they are the Noble laureates. The Noble prizes are not only prestigious but carry an award that may go as high as $124,000. So meticulous is the selection process that scientists have seldom disagreed over the choice of the more than 200 who have been picked since 1901. Noble once pointed out “Don’t take the nationality of those candidates into consideration.” The winners “should be those who have brought the human being the greatest benefit.”Unit SixWhat do you do when someone says something unfair or unkind? Do you suffer in silence, not knowing what to say? Do you speak up, not to wish you hadn’t? It’s natural to take offense if someone is rude. But blurring out how you feel sets an adversarial words.In almost every controversy each side has legitimate points, so agreeing to disagree is one of graceful exits from a no-win discussion. If it’s obvious that you won’t change the other person’s mind and he or she won’t change yours, stop. Before you do irreparable harm, remember the Russian proverb: “A spoken word flies; you won’t catch it.”No matter what the situation is, arguments are a waste or, at best, a misuse of time. By avoiding fruitless arguments, everybody wins.Unit SevenChildren who cannot solve problems without violence are likely to drop out of school, do drugs, become isolated and are likely to have problematic interpersonal skills as an adult. Further there is a correlation between family violence and the incidence of adolescent dating violence that will possibly lead to domestic violence in adulthood. Hence the patterns of violence continue from one generation to the next. Children who are exposed to adults who cope with problems by becoming violent destroy themselves and those they love.Unit EightEvery year 80,000 Chinese die from antibiotics abuse, making China one of the worst offenders in the world. Statistics show that among the country’s15 best-selling medicines, 10 are antibiotics. More than 50 per cent of the medical expenses for Chinese in-patients goes to cover different kinds of antibiotic, while the figure I Western countries is just 15 to 30 per cent.The side effects of antibiotics use can damage organs, cause disorders in the body’s normal bacteria and increase the resistance of disease causing germs. Many Chinese believe the myth that antibiotics can diminish inflammation, so they use them to treat toothache to fever. A story from the Xinhua News Agency said that more than 80 per cent of Chinese families have antibiotics stored on shelves at home in case of different kinds of infections.Children have become the biggest victims of antibiotics abuse where the drug kills normal bacterial leading to damage of children’s still growing organs. Statistics in Guangzhou showed that some 17 per cent of local residents now suffer from antibiotics-resistant disease while the figure was 50 per cent for children, according to data from the local children’s hospital. The marked increase of asthma in children recently has a lot to do with antibiotic abuse..Unit NineIn a hundred years’ time, great progress will have been made in medicine, too. In a hundred years’ time, a cure for the common cold will have been found. Perhaps a cure will have been discovered for the most terrible f all diseases---cancer and AIDS.Now let’s think about the environment. Pollution is a problem we must solve. In a hundred years’ time we will have controlled all kinds of pollution, water pollution, air pollution, white pollution, what not?In a hundred years’ time, we will have used up most of the earth’s land to build our cities, so we will build floating cities. The Japanese already have plans for cities of this kind. And we will build cities under the sea.Many people didn’t think about the future. When you mention it they say, “I don’t care. I’ll be dead.”B ut it is our duty to care because the world in a hundred years will be the world of our children’s children and their children after them.Unit TenAlthough the United Stateshas been shaped by successive waves of immigrants, Americans have often viewed immigrants as a problem. Established Americans often look down on new immigrants. The cultural habits of immigrants are frequently targets of criticism, especially when the new arrivals come from a different country than those in the established community. Despite such tensions, economic needs havealways forced Americans to seek immigrants as laborers and settlers, and economic opportunities have beckoned foreigners. The vast majority of immigrants to the United States have become in search of jobs and the chance to create a better life for themselves and their families. In all of American history, less than 10 per cent of immigrants have come for political or religious reasons. Regardless of the reasons they come to the United States, new immigrants typically work in menial, labor-intensive, low-paying, and dangerous jobs---occupations that most other Americans shun.Unit ElevenMany critics question the appropriateness of targeting children in Internet advertising and press to require that children be treated as a “special case”by advertisers. Because the children lack the analytical abilities and judgment of adults, they may be unable to evaluate the accuracy of the information they view, or understand that the information they provide to advertisers is really just the data collected by an advertiser. Children generally lack the ability to give consent to the release of personal information to an advertiser, an even greater problem for children when they are offered incentives for providing personal information, or when personal information is required before they are allowed to register for various services. Children may not realize that in many cases these characters provide hotlinks directly to advertising sitesUnit TwelveTelevision news reports and programs bring about both positive and negative influence. From the news reports, people get to know the great events that have happened, and are happening or will happen in the world, such as wars in the Middle East and famines in Africa. As a result they broaden their mind. By watching television programs people also get to know other peoples and their cultures. However, television news reports and programs may mislead people. Violence and drug problems are harmful to young people. Political scandals, illegal campaign contributions and illegal financial manipulation greatly damage the nation’s image. Things go worse especially when international audiences lack context and frame of reference.。
研究生学位英语课文全文翻译-unit2
Unit2 家庭企业：下一代的前景美国正处在人类历史上最大的一个财富交接的过程中。
在今后的20年里，估计有150亿美元的资产将会转移到下一代的手中。
大多数的财富交接会以家庭企业的方式进行。
但是很多情况下，财富交接的成功与否令人怀疑。
事实上，多数的交接工作将会失败。
一般来说，只有1／3的企业才能成功地移交到下一代手中。
一个家庭企业能生存到第三代是寥寥无几的。
在下—个十年里，数以千计的家庭企业，其中有些是家喻户晓的企业将会消失。
糟糕的是许多企业只有进行适当的规划才能勉强生存。
然而，很多企业已为时太晚了。
一个家庭企业着手规划交接的适当时机不是提前一年，三年甚至是五年进行的。
确切地说，一个包括复杂的财产规划策略的综合性的交接计划一般至少要在十年的基础上才能适当地完成。
无论规模的大小，技术的高低或名气是否响亮，每一个家庭企业都是不一样的。
但是无论怎样不同，在一个企业顺利地交接到下一代之前，以下四个关键性的因素应计划到位。
计划你的交接管理机构业主／企业创建者不仅进取心强而且精力充沛。
他们往往擅长多种技能。
在很多情况下，他们既是生产专家，又是营销天才或经验丰富的金融家。
要接替他们的工作则需要较多的人。
因此，家庭企业的业主应当通过制定组织机构图来明确规定企业该怎样运作。
参与交接过程的每个主要成员也应制定他们自己的组织机构图。
然后，对它们进行比较。
各机构图之间的不同点将表明管理体制上的差异、存在误会的主要方面及观念上的分歧。
以朱蒂为例。
朱蒂拥有一家软件公司，她共有三个孩子：一个是电脑天才，一个是赛车手，还有一个拿到了商业方面的文凭但对经营公司却毫无兴趣。
另外，朱蒂有一个强有力的管理队伍。
根据她的情况，她应该考虑把公司的所有权移交给她的孩子们，但是依然让她的管理队伍来经营公司。
在家庭内或家庭外物色适当人选担任这些职位是不容易的，或者说不是一夜之间可以敲定的。
因此，提前制定一个行动计划和时间表是非常重要的，以便职责的过渡井然有序地进行。
研究生英语第二册翻译
Unit oneUnit twoI dated a woman for a while — literary type, well-read, lots of books in her place — whom I admired a bit too extravagantly, and one Christmas I decided to give her something unusually nice and, I’m afraid, unusually expensive. I bought her a set of Swift’s Works — not just any set but a scarce early eighteenth-century edition; then I wrapped each leather-bound volume separately and made a card for each volume, each card containing a carefully chosen quotation from Swift himself. I thought it was terribly romantic; I had visions of her opening the set, volume by volume, while we sat by the fire Christmas Eve sipping cognac and listening to the Brandenburg Concertos.How stupid I am sometimes! She, practical woman that I should have known she was, had bought me two pairs of socks and a shirt, plus a small volume of poems by A. R. Ammons. She cried when she opened the Swift. I thought they were tears of joy, but they weren’t. “I can’t accept this,” she said. “It’s totally out of proportion.” She insisted that I take the books back or sell them or keep them for myself. When I protested she just got more upset, and finally she asked me to leave and to take the books with me. Hurt and perplexed, I did. We stopped seeing each other soon after that. It took me weeks to figure out what I had done wrong. “There’s a goat in all of us,” R. P. Blackmur wrote somewhere, “a stupid, stubborn goat.”To my credit, I’m normally more perspicacious about the gifts I give, and less of a show-off. But I have it in me, obviously, to be, as my ex-girlfriend said, totally out of proportion: to give people things I can’t afford, or things that betoken an intimacy that doesn’t exist, or things that bear no relation to the interests or desires of the person I’m giving them to. I’ve kicked myself too often not to know it’s there, this insensitivity to the niceties of gift-giving.Unit sixThe most infuriating conversation is the one where the parent clearly seeks a decisive, career-validating moment of emotional closure. Such individuals believe that securing admission to a top-flight university provides a child with an irrevocable passport to success, guaranteeing a life of uninterrupted economic mirth. Parents such as these upwardly mobile chuckleheads exude an almost Prussian belligerence when announcing their children’s destinations, congratulating themselves on a job well done, while issuing a sotto voce taunt to parents of the less gifted. For them, the hard part of child rearing is now over. Junior went to the right prep school, made the right friends, signed up for the right activities and is now headed for the right school. Now we can get the heck out of here and move to Tuscany.But in reality, life doesn’t end at age 17. Or 21. In real life, some children get the finest educations but still become first-class screw-ups. My own profession is filled with people who went to the right school but ended up in the wrong career. (They should have been flacks; the phone ringing in the next room is not and never will be the Pulitzer committee.) Some of those boys and girls most likely to succeedare going to end up on welfare or skid row. At which point they’ll need parental input. Or cash. A parent’s responsibility doesn’t end once the kids leave. A parent’s responsibility never ends. That’s why Nature gives you the job.Unit sevenAs I look over what I have written, I feel that I have presented an excessively bleak picture of an inherently glorious event. Though the misbehavior described is tragic but true, I still do not share the pessimism of the writer whose most famous work has given him a near-franchise on the digit “1984.” George Orwell viewed the Olympics as “bound up with hatred, jealousy, boastfulness, disregard o f all rules and sadistic pleasure in witnessing violence; in other words, it is a war without the shooting.”This is going much too far. The Olympics are nothing more or less than a reflection of everything that is good as well as bad in human nature. The anecdotes of ancient Greek skulduggery prove that the Games have always suffered from what we might benevolently call “human frailty.”And one might argue that our own age can actually claim a tiny bit of moral superiority over classical Greece. Very few of us, I think, would subscribe to the view of a European coach, who was recently quoted as saying: “As long as you are still alive for the victory ceremony, you should get your reward. There is no room for ethics in sports anymore.”Unit eightThe art of pleasing is a very necessary one to possess, but a very difficult one to acquire. It can hardly be reduced to rules; and your own good sense and observation will teach you more of it than I can. “Do as you would be done by,” is th e surest method that I know of pleasing. Observe carefully what pleases you in others, and probably the same things in you will please others. If you are pleased with the complaisance and attention of others to your humors, your tastes, or your weaknesses, depend upon it, the same complaisance and attention on your part to theirs will equally please them. Take the tone of the company that you are in, and do not pretend to give it; be serious, gay, or even trifling, as you find the present humor of the company; this is an attention due from every individual to the majority. Do not tell stories in company; there is nothing more tedious and disagreeable; if by chance you know a very short story, and exceedingly applicable to the present subject of conversation, tell it in as few words as possible; and even then, throw out that you do not love to tell stories, but that the shortness of it tempted you.Of all things banish the egotism out of your conversation, and never think of entertaining people with your own personal concerns or private affairs; though they are interesting to you, they are tedious and impertinent to everybody else; besides that, one cannot keep one’s own private affairs too secret. Whatever you think your own excellencies may be, do not affectedly display them in company; nor labor, as many people do, to give that turn to the conversation, which may supply you with an opportunity of exhibiting them. If they are real, they will infallibly bediscovered, without your pointing them out yourself, and with much more advantage. Never maintain an argument with heat and clamor, though you think or know yourself to be in the right; but give your opinion modestly and coolly, which isthe only way to convince; and, if that does not do, try to change the conversation, by saying, with good-humor, “We shall hardly convince one another; nor is it necessary that we should, so let us talk of something else.”Unit nine“Women’s language” is that pleasant, euphemistic, never-aggressive way of talking we learned as little girls. Cultural bias was built into the language we were allowed to speak, the subjects we were allowed to speak about, and the ways we were spoken of. Having learned our linguistic lesson well, we go out in the world, only to discover that we are communicative cripples — damned if we do, and damned if we don’t.If we refuse to talk “like a lady,” we are ridiculed and criticized for being unfeminine. (“She thinks like a man” is, at best, a left-handed compliment.) If we do learn all the fuzzy headed, unassertive language of our sex, we are ridiculed for being unable to think clearly, unable to take part in a serious discussion, and therefore unfit to hold a position of power.It doesn’t take much of this for a wom an to begin feeling she deserves such treatment because of inadequacies in her own intelligence and education.“Women’s language” shows up in all levels of English. For example, women are encouraged and allowed to make far more precise discriminations in naming colors than men do. Words like mauve, beige, lavender, and so on, are unremarkable in a woman’s active vocabulary, but largely absent from that of most men. I know of no evidence suggesting that women actually see a wider range of colors than men do. It is simply that fine discriminations of this sort are relevant to women’s vocabularies, but not to men’s; to men, who control most of the interesting affairs of the world, such distinctions are trivial — irrelevant.Unit tenCertainly a ma n’s home is no longer his castle, or, if it is, the moat is dry and the portcullis is always up. Nothing can stanch the daily tide of impersonal mail posing as personal mail, of salesmen at the door and strangers on the telephone. In the hands of the inconsiderate the telephone is a deadly weapon, but if a man dons armor against it by refusing to have his number listed in the directory, he must now pay a penalty. The New York Telephone Company has almost half a million of these diehards on its rolls — a figure which suggests that the urge for privacy is still alive, even if the respect for it is not. A few years ago the company became impatient with its unlisted patrons and put an extra charge on their monthly bill, hoping thereby to force them back into the listed world of good fellowship.Modern architecture has also done its share to abolish privacy. The picture window was first designed by men like Frank Lloyd Wright to frame a scene of natural beauty. Today millions of Americans look out of picture windows into otherpicture windows and busy streets. The contractor has no sooner finished installing the picture window than the decorator is summoned to cover it with expensive curtains against an inquisitive world. Even then, privacy is uncertain. In many modern houses the rooms have yielded to “areas” that merge into each other, so that the husband trying to work in the “reading area” (formerly den) is naked to the blasts from the “recreation area” (formerly rumpus room) a few feet away.Unit one我想了片刻，觉得世界上讲西班牙语的人最善于辞令，也许可以从他们身上学到点什么。
研究生综合英语第二版曾建彬主编课文翻译Unit5
研究生综合英语第二版曾建彬主编课文翻译Unit5Unit Five一个小时的故事凯特·肖班马拉德太太有心脏病，要告知她丈夫意外身亡，得格外小心才是。
她姐姐约瑟芬来亲口转告，吞吞吐吐，年遮半掩。
马拉德先生的好友理查兹也在场，就坐在马拉德太太身边。
火车事故的消息传来时，他正好在报馆，发现布伦特利马拉德先生的名字就是“遇难者”名单上的第一个。
他只来得及根据接下来的一份电报确认了一下使匆匆赶了过来，唯恐那些不那么细心体贴的人说漏了嘴，冒冒失失地把噩耗告诉马拉德夫人。
马拉德太太听到这一噩耗，并没有像大多数女人那样手足无措，无法接受这个事实，她一头栽进姐姐的怀里，号啕痛哭。
当悲伤的风暴平息之后，她独自走进房间，不让任何人进来。
房间的窗户敞开着，对面放了张舒适、宽大的沙发。
身体的疲惫令她精疲力竭这种疲惫感似乎浸透到她的灵魂处，让她一下子瘫倒进沙发里。
她看得见房前开阔的广场上大树的树梢，树梢上洋溢着初春的勃勃生机。
空气中散发着春雨的醉人气息，楼下有个小贩吆喝着，远处隐约传来阵阵歌声，屋檐下成群的麻雀叽叽喳喳地闹个不停。
窗外西边的天际，浮云相聚后重叠在一起，只露出几处依稀可辨的蓝天。
她头靠着沙发坐着，几乎一动不动，喉咙里偶尔抽泣一声，身体会随之微微颤动。
就像个哭睡着的小孩，睡梦中仍在啜泣。
她还年轻，面色白皙，显得从容自若，脸上的皱纹述说着生活的压抑，透露出生命的力量。
可是此刻，她目光呆滞，双眼直勾勾的凝望着远方的一片蓝天。
这种眼神不是沉思的眼神，而像是经过一番理性思考后，随之产生的一种忐忑不安的眼神。
有件事正在降临到她身上，她期盼着，又有点惧怕。
那是什么事呢?她不理解。
这件事情太微妙，太难以名状了，可是她能够感觉得到，它正从空中悄然而下，穿过弥漫在空气中的声音、气味和色彩降落到她身上。
此刻，她胸口剧烈起伏，开始意识到这种莫名的事情慢慢通近，慢慢将她吞噬，她挣扎着用意志力抗拒它——可她的意志力却如同她那白皙纤弱的双手一样绵软乏力。
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In the United States most people are simultaneously consumers and producers; they are also voters who help inf luence the decisions of the government. The mixture among consumers, producers, and government changes constantly, making a dynamic rather than a static economy. In the last decade consumers have made their concern known and government has responded by creating agenci es to protect consumer interests and promote the general public welfare. In another development, the population and the labor f orce have moved dramatically f rom farms to cities, f rom the f ields to the f actori es, and above all to service industries, thus providing more personal and public servi ces. In today’s economy these providers of services f ar outnumber producers of agricultural and manuf actured goods.﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏Every year 80000 Chinese die f rom antibiotics abuse, making China one of the worst offenders in the world. Statistics show that among the country’s 15 best-selling medicines, 10 are antibiotics. More than 50 per cent of the medical expenses f or Chinese in-patients goes to cover di ff erent kinds of antibiotics, while the f igure in Western countries is just 15 to 30per cent.The side eff ects of antibiotics use can damage organs, cause disorders in the body’s normal bacteria and increase the resistance of disease causing germs. Many Chinese believe the myth that antibiotics can diminish inf lammation, so they use them to treat everything f rom toothache to f ever. A story from the Xinhua News Agency said that more than 80 per cent of Chinese families have antibiotics stored on shelves at home in case of different kinds of infections.Children have becom e the biggest victims of antibiotic abuse where the drug kills normal bacteria leading to damage of children’s still growing organs. Statistics in Guangzhou showed the some 17 per cent of local residents now suffer from antibiotic-resisitant diseases while the f igure was 50 per cent for children, according to data f rom the local children’s hospital. The marked increase of asthma in children recently has a lot to do with antibiotics abuse.﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏Television news reports and programs bring about both positive and negative inf luence. From the news reports, people will happen in the world, such as wars in the Middle East and famine in Af rica. As a result they broaden their mind. By watching television programs people also get to know other peoples and their cultures. However, television news reports and programs may mislead people. V iolence and drug problems are harm f ul to young people. Political scandals, illegal campaign contributions an illegal f inancial manipulation greatly damage the nation’s image. Things t o worse especially when international audiences lack context f ram e of reference.﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy, and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of potential listeners declined, and thus there was some reduction in the need of read aloud. As reading f or the benef it of listeners grew less common, so came the f lourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and off i ces, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers.Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used f or inf ormation or treated respect f ully, and over whether the reading of materi al such as newspapers was n some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand by books and periodicals f or specialized readership on the other.﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏什么叫抠门？你是否会在快用完的洗发水瓶里加点水可以再多洗一次？或者在垃圾筐里陈一个塑料袋？是否会把大孩子穿过的一条牛仔裤或一条裙子给小孩子穿？或者用前一天的剩菜再做一顿新的吃？这些事情是否表明你是一个守财奴或吝啬鬼呢？尽管“抠门主义者”会说一分钱扮成两半用并不意味着抠门的生活方式，但是如果我们有意节省，我们会更能掌控手中的钱财。
节省、抠门或经济（无论你用哪个词）是一个见仁见智的事情，或者说，是一个因人而异的事。
就像别的任何事情一样，你投入的精力越多，你的收获越大。
人们过着各自不同的抠门生活。
有些人天生就很节约，有些人是迫不得已而为之，还有些人是看样学样。
但是，对于有些人来说，那种有意不买很多东西的念头是不正常的、愚蠢的、不可思议的。
美国的主流社会已经太过习惯在购物、驾车和吃喝中寻求满足感，不去疯狂购物就好像是上帝赋予的追求幸福的权利的亵渎。
当这种对幸福的追求将我们诱入债务的圈套，使我们面临破产和财政崩溃的深渊时，又会怎样呢？“抠门”这个词可能使人联想到日复一日的黑豆汤和垫纸板的写字。
“吝啬”和“小气”是两个很快想到的同义词。
将就、匮乏、贫穷是用来描述一种状态的另外词语，这种状态并不是好事，而是一种威胁：是竭力去避免的而不是去追求的。