科技英语阅读与翻译共38页
科技英语阅读与翻译
科技英语阅读与翻译【牙齿仙女】Primitive peoples believe that hair， nail clippings， and lost teeth remain magically linked to the owner even after they have been disconnected from his body. As any voodoo artist will tell you， if you want to grind someone into powder， you don't need to touch him at all. It's quite enough to stamp on a missing molar and let ;contagious magic; do the rest. This is why peoples all over the world traditionally hide lost body parts， lest they fall into the wrong hands.远古时期的人们认为毛发、剪下的指甲和脱落的牙齿即使离开了人的身体，仍与其主人保持着神秘的联系。
正如任何一个伏都教大师都会告诉你的，假如你想置某人于死地，根本用不着去碰他，只需用脚踩碎那人脱落的一颗臼齿就够了，剩下的事就交给无边的法力去办。
这就是为什么全世界各个民族都习惯于把身体上脱落的东西藏起来，以免落入恶人之手。
American children's ritual of hiding lost teeth under their pillows probably derives distantly from this practice. But there is an obvious difference， for when Suzie conceals her baby milk-tooth， she fully expects it to be found， and by a good magician， not an evil one. Moreover， she expects to be paid for having surrendered it， and at the going rate. Nothing mare clearly suggests the blithe commercial gusto of our culture than this transformation of a fearful superstition into a cheery business transaction。
科技英语阅读翻译(张敏)
Unlocking the Climate Puzzle解开气候之谜(1)Life has prospered on this planet for nearly four billion years. In that time, climate had fluctuated drastically, from ice ages lasting tens of thousands of years to epochs of steamy heat. With each change, sundry species have benefited and flourished.Others adapted, faltered， or died. Now, many experts believe， humans are imperiling their own ecological niche with the threat of global warming. The vaporous by—products of civilization， in the form of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (C0₂), have trapped enough heat in the atmosphere to raise Earth's average surface air temperature a half degree Celsius (one degree Fahrenheit) during this century. If the trend continues， it could alter climate patterns worldwide-thawing glaciers， boosting sea level, scorching plains into deserts, and shifting vegetation zones。
(完整版)《科技英语阅读教程》陈勇版课文翻译
核电与核辐射1986年4月26日，切尔诺贝利核电站的一个反应堆发生爆炸，将相当于400颗广岛原子弹的放射性尘降物散布到整个北半球。
在此之前，科学家对辐射对植物和野生动物的影响几乎一无所知。
这场灾难创造了一个活生生的实验室，尤其是在这个被称为禁区的1100平方英里的区域。
1994年，德州理工大学生物学教授罗纳德·切瑟和罗伯特·贝克是首批获准完全进入该区域的美国科学家之一。
“我们抓了一群田鼠，它们看起来和野草一样健康。
我们对此非常着迷。
”贝克回忆说。
当Baker和Chesser对田鼠的DNA进行测序时，他们没有发现异常的突变率。
他们还注意到狼、猞猁和其他曾经稀有的物种在这片区域游荡，仿佛这里是原子野生动物保护区。
2003年由一组联合国机构建立的切尔诺贝利论坛发表了声明一份关于灾难20周年的报告证实了这一观点，称“环境条件对该地区的生物群落产生了积极影响”，将其转变为“一个独特的生物多样性保护区”。
五年前，贝克和切塞尔在这片区域搜寻田鼠。
Mousseau到切尔诺贝利去数鸟，发现了与之相矛盾的证据。
穆萨乌是南卡罗莱纳大学的生物学教授，他的合作者安德斯·佩普·穆勒现在是巴黎南方大学生态、系统学和进化实验室的研究主任。
他们发现该地区家燕的数量要少得多，而那些存活下来的家燕则遭受着寿命缩短、(雄性)生育能力下降、大脑变小、肿瘤、部分白化病(一种基因突变)以及白内障发病率更高的痛苦。
在过去13年发表的60多篇论文中，Mousseau和Moller指出，暴露在低水平辐射下对该区域的整个生物圈产生了负面影响，从微生物到哺乳动物，从昆虫到鸟类。
包括贝克在内的批评人士对穆萨和穆勒持批评态度。
贝克在2006年与切塞尔合著的《美国科学家》(American Scientist)文章中指出，该区域“实际上已成为一个保护区”，穆萨和穆勒的“令人难以置信的结论只得到了间接证据的支持”。
我们所知道的关于电离辐射对健康影响的几乎所有信息都来自于一项正在进行的对原子弹幸存者的研究，该研究被称为寿命研究，简称LSS。
科技英语阅读与翻译全文
科技英语阅读与翻译全文Humanitarian Aid in SpaceSpace exploration technology will benefit developing countries in a variety of ways. Whether it's information about climate change or communication technologies that give remote areas access to the world outside, space science can come to the aid of vulnerable people in many countries.For the past two decades, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has been sending humanitarian aid dispatched from its space platform. This ambitious project has proved successful, and it’s been praised for its achievements in various aspects.The two strategic areas set forth for JAXA’s humanitarian aid effort are science and education. JAXA’s donations of books and puzzle sets are enabling elementary and junior high school kids in India to study science and math. There are plans to utilize remote sensing data to map out natural resources in Nepalese countryside and expand education related to environmental issues in Vietnam. In addition the agency is sending educational videos to the island nation of Palau tobetter understand their own local wildlife.JAXA is considered to be a pioneer in this area since the launch of their humanitarian aid initiative in 1997. The organization strives to make use of space applications for social welfare and reduce disparities in the world through a number of practical endeavors. The effort currently has a global reach, with projects taking place in seven continent, from Latin America to Africa.JAXA’s humanitarian aid programs will continue to grow with better technology and increased resources. The ongoing work reinforces the concept that space science and technology have the potential to contribute to enhancing the lives of people on Earth.人道主义援助在太空太空探索技术将在各个方面受益于发展中国家。
关于科技的英文阅读,适合初中八年级学生
关于科技的英文阅读，适合初中八年级学生Technology has become an integral part of our daily lives in the modern world. It has transformed the way we live, work, and communicate with one another. From the invention of the wheel to the development of the internet, technology has continuously evolved, bringing about significant changes and advancements in various aspects of our lives.One of the most remarkable advancements in technology has been the rise of digital devices and the internet. The internet has revolutionized the way we access and share information, connect with others, and conduct our daily activities. With just a few clicks, we can access a vast amount of knowledge, communicate with people across the globe, and even work remotely from the comfort of our homes.The integration of technology in education has also been a game-changer. Digital tools and resources have made learning more engaging, interactive, and accessible. Students can now access a wealth of information online, participate in virtual classrooms, andcollaborate with their peers through various digital platforms. This has not only improved the overall learning experience but has also made education more inclusive, allowing students from different backgrounds and locations to access quality education.Another significant impact of technology has been on the healthcare industry. Advancements in medical technology have led to the development of life-saving devices, improved diagnostic tools, and more efficient treatment methods. Telemedicine, for instance, has made it possible for patients to receive medical care remotely, reducing the need for in-person visits and increasing access to healthcare services, especially in remote or underserved areas.The integration of technology in various industries has also led to increased efficiency and productivity. Automation and artificial intelligence have revolutionized manufacturing processes, streamlining operations and reducing the need for manual labor. Similarly, the use of data analytics and machine learning has enabled businesses to make more informed decisions, optimize their processes, and better understand their customers.However, with the rapid advancements in technology, there have also been concerns and challenges that need to be addressed. One of the primary concerns is the impact of technology on the environment. The production and use of electronic devices, as well asthe energy consumption required to power them, have contributed to increased greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation. Addressing these issues through the development of sustainable technologies and responsible consumption practices is crucial for ensuring a greener future.Another concern is the impact of technology on social interactions and mental health. The widespread use of social media and digital devices has led to concerns about decreased face-to-face interactions, increased social isolation, and the potential for cyberbullying and online harassment. It is important to strike a balance between the benefits of technology and the need to maintain healthy social connections and mental well-being.Furthermore, the rapid pace of technological change has also led to concerns about job displacement and the need for continuous skill development. As automation and artificial intelligence continue to transform various industries, individuals must be prepared to adapt and acquire new skills to remain competitive in the job market.Despite these challenges, the benefits of technology are undeniable. It has the potential to improve our lives in countless ways, from enhancing our education and healthcare systems to increasing our productivity and efficiency. As we continue to navigate the ever-evolving landscape of technology, it is essential that we approach itwith a critical and responsible mindset, ensuring that the advancements we make are not only innovative but also sustainable and beneficial to society as a whole.In conclusion, technology has played a pivotal role in shaping our modern world. While it has brought about numerous benefits, it has also presented us with new challenges that require careful consideration and responsible management. By embracing technology while also addressing its potential drawbacks, we can harness its power to create a better future for ourselves and generations to come.。
科技英语课文翻译及课后答案
第一单元自动化第二部分阅读A自动化的含义“自动化”已经是，而且现在仍然是，一个被大量滥用的词。
但是，人们对其确切的意义以及所包括的内容，正在逐渐地有了较为正确的了解。
如果不是下一个定义的话，我也许可以尝试作些解释，把自动化说成是一个概念。
运用这个概念，人们通过对机器装置的性能进行充分的测量、观察和控制，从而使其以最高的效率运转。
这需要对这种装置的功能有一个详细而连贯性的了解，以便需要时便能运用最佳的矫正操作。
自动化按其确切的意义，只有全面运用通信、计算和控制三个主要组成部分（“三C" )才能完全实现。
我认为，确保人们对合为一体的三个组成部分对我们的社会所蕴含着的某些意义有所认识和了解，是很有必要的。
首先，我们不妨考虑工业部门之一的炼钢工业。
在炼钢工业中，自动化已经开始成型。
到过钢厂的人都会知道从高炉开始的各种工艺流程的一些情况，成品条钢或板钢生产出来之后，再准备送往制造工艺车间或汽车厂，这些工艺流程是相互链接的。
为了使工厂中各个车间充分发挥效率，可以使用计算机来控制每个车间。
在此之前，计算机工作所需要的一切资料均输入机内。
就高炉来说，需要给计算机提供装人高炉的原料的信息、高炉工作温度的信息和处理各种各样配料的最好方法等方面的资料。
钢厂的高炉操作是一项复杂而要求技术熟练的作业，需要大量的知识和大量的综合信息，并迅速地做出判定选择，以便确保高炉工艺流程中的下一阶段的有效工作。
计算机对所有这一切都了解得很透彻，能够做出非常大量的中间判定，并且能够把全部信息立刻和不间断地提供给管理人员，以使他们做出高效管理这个工厂所需要的最后决定。
由此产生的信息数据和判定要进行处理，然后转送到下一个工序。
在这里，对操作的一些专门细节再次进行整理，提出最佳和最终的判定，然后对这些信息再一次进行处理并输送给下一道工序。
同时，当信息数据从生产单元的一道工序输送到下一工序并完全结合成为一项新的操作时，每次变化的结果反馈到最初阶段，而且，不断地做进一步的调整，结果是整个工厂的工艺流程便能够高效率地进行下去。
研究生科技英语阅读课文翻译(1、2、4、8、10)
Unit 1 Genetically modified foods -- Feed the World?If you want to spark a heated debate at a dinner party, bring up the topic of genetically modified foods. For many people, the concept of genetically altered, high-tech crop production raises all kinds of environmental, health, safety and ethical questions. Particularly in countries with long agrarian traditions -- and vocal green lobbies -- the idea seems against nature.如果你想在某次晚宴上挑起一场激烈的争论，那就提出转基因食品的话题吧。
对许多人来说，高科技的转基因作物生产的概念会带来诸如环境、健康、安全和伦理等方面的各种问题。
特别是在有悠久的农业生产传统和主张环保的游说集团的国家里，转基因食品的主意似乎有悖自然。
In fact, genetically modified foods are already very much a part of our lives. A third of the corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the US last year were the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year. The genetic is out of the bottle.事实上，转基因食品已经成为我们生活重要的一部分。
科技英语课文阅读P22—P24文章翻译参考
科技英语课文阅读P22—P24文章翻译参考（这里是原文的全文翻译，我们的是使用的是文章节选。
）Can a Small Start-up Build America's Next Spaceship?小型航天器能取代航天飞机吗？这次试验是2004年8月3日、由转型太空公司（t/Space公司）在美国加利福尼州的沿岸进行的。
这家小公司也许将为美国航空航天局的太空计划指明一个新的方向，为他们找到一个比最初的方案（见60页《美国航空航天局的大手笔》一文）更快、更经济地将航天员送入太空轨道的方法。
尽管“发现号”航天飞机成功地发射并安全返回，但成功的光环也无法掩饰低效、拖沓的美国航空航天局无法解决航天飞机设计时就留下的众多缺陷和安全隐患这一事实，“发现号”由于燃料箱外隔热材料脱落的隐患而一再推迟发射时间就很好地说明了这一点。
尽管航天飞机什么时候进行下次发射还是个未知数，但是毫无疑问这种老迈的航天器将会被淘汰。
美国航空航天局正斥巨资开发一种名为“太空探索飞船（CEV）”的全新载人航天器，这种航天器将能完成从低轨道飞行到飞往月球等各种任务。
不过，CEV最早也要在2011年才都投入使用，在这之前，美国航空航天局不得不继续依靠老迈的航天飞机，并为之投入大量的资金，所以美国航空航天局很可能会面临资金不足的窘境。
很多人都认为，美国航空航天局现在需要一种从未拥有过的新式航天器：一种没有机翼、能在航天飞机或者CEV 出现问题时能将航天员迅速送往国际太空站或执行其他低轨道任务的“备用”载人航天器。
“发现号”航天飞机接连不断的问题使美国航空航天局认识到，不能再像以往那样“把所有的鸡蛋都放在一个篮子里”。
就在这样一个背景下，t/Space公司进行了这次试验，它所设计的太空舱成为航天飞机替代方案中一匹极有潜力的黑马。
在去年春天，t/Space公司还仅有两个人和对低成本太空飞行的一些见解，公司的创始人大卫·甘普和加里·哈德森对于公司应该如何运行也有着不同的想法。
张敏版 科技英语阅读教程 英译汉 中文翻译
Unlocking the Climate Puzzle解开气候之谜(1)Life has prospered on this planet for nearly four billion years. In that time, climate had fluctuated drastically, from ice ages lasting tens of thousands of years to epochsof steamy heat. With each change, sundry species have benefited and flourished. Others adapted, faltered, or died. Now, many experts believe, humans are imperiling their own ecological niche with the threat of global warming. The vaporousby-products of civilization, in the form of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (C0₂), have trapped enough heat in the atmosphere to raise Earth's average surface air temperature a half degree Celsius (one degree Fahrenheit) during this century. If the trend continues, it could alter climate patterns worldwide-thawing glaciers, boosting sea level, scorching plains into deserts, and shifting vegetation zones.（1）生命在这个星球上已经发展了近四十亿年。
科技英语阅读课文翻译
第一单元什么是罗素悖论？约翰·T·鲍德温，奥利弗·莱斯曼撰胡志国译罗素悖论是建立在这样的实例基础之上的：想象有一群理发师，他们（给所有，而且）只给不给自己刮胡子的人刮胡子。
假设这个集体中有一个理发师，他不给自己刮胡子，那么，按照这个集体的定义，他就必须给自己刮胡子。
但这个集体中的任何理发师都不能给自己刮胡子。
（否则，他就是在给自己刮胡子的人刮胡子了。
）伯特兰·罗素1901年发现的这个悖论是对他的一位数学同行的打击。
十九世纪晚期，戈特洛布·弗雷格试图通过符号逻辑为所有的数学建立一个基础。
他在形式表达式（如x=2）和数学特征（如偶数）之间建立了一种对应关系。
在他的推导中，人们可以随意使用任何特征为后来的特征定义。
罗素在他1903年出版的《数学原理》中公布了自己的悖论，证明了弗雷格系统存在根本缺陷。
在今天看来，这类系统最好通过所谓的集的结构式用集合的概念来描述。
例如，对于由数字4、5、6组成的集体，我们可以描述为：x是一个整数的集体，若用字母n表示这些整数，则n大于3小于7。
对这一集合的描述，在形式上我们写作x={n: n为整数，3<n<7}。
集合的对象不一定是数字。
我们可以设y={x：x为美国男性居民}。
很明显，对x的任何描述都可以填入冒号后的区域。
但罗素（恩斯特·策梅洛也独立地）发现，x={a: a不属于a}会导致矛盾的结论，就像对理发师集体的描述一样。
x自身是否属于x？无论是与否，结论都是矛盾的。
罗素发现这一悖论之后，弗雷格马上认识到他的系统被全盘推翻了。
即便如此，他无法解决这个悖论，而为了绕开这个悖论，人们在二十世纪做了许多尝试。
罗素本人对这一悖论的回答是他的“类型论”。
他分析道，之所以会产生悖论，是因为我们混淆了对数的集合的描述与对数的集合的集合的描述。
于是罗素引入了对象的分级系统：数，数的集合，数的集合的集合，等等。
这个系统曾被作为手段用于对数学基础的第一次形式化，并且在今天的某些哲学研究和计算机分支学科中仍有运用。
科技英语阅读翻译-推荐下载
Unit 2 Physics1. Directions: Work on your own and fill in the blanks with the main idea.Part 1 (Paras. 1-3): Brief introduction to dark energyPara. 1: Dark energy is an unexplained force which tugs galaxies away from each other.Para. 2: Dark energy is somewhat like anti-gravity.Para. 3: Dark energy is scientists’ hypothetic form of energy to explain the universe’s expansion.Part 2 (Paras. 4-9): The discovery of dark energy: confounding expectationsPara. 4: The discovery of dark energy is a case of science confounding expectations.Para. 5: Experts expected that gravity had slowed down the universe’s rate of expansion.Para. 6: The universe’s rate of expansion was speeding up.Para. 7: The result was beyond experts’ expectations which caused much nervous laughter.Para. 8: The measurements of supernovae provided the evidence that the universe’s rate of ballooning was speeding up.Para. 9: The scientists observed many supernovae at different distances to determine how fast they are speeding away from us.Part 3 (Paras. 10-13): The rate of the expansion of the universe: shocking resultsPara. 10: The rate of the universe’s expansion is accelerating.Para. 11: More researches done by other experts also show the same results.Para. 12: Einstein’s cosmological constant has been revived to explain the puzzling findings.Para. 13: The cosmological constant is one of the leading theories to explain the expansion of theuniverse.Part 4 (Paras. 14-17): The difference between dark energy and dark matterPara. 14: The confusion of dark energy and dark matter.Para. 15: Dark matter is an invisible hypothesized form of matter.Para. 16: Dark matter and dark energy seem to make up most of the mass of the universe.Para. 17: The discovery of dark energy stirred up a lot of other issues, such as making some peoplebelieve that there are several universes.2. Directions: Complete the sentences with the words givenin the brackets. Change the form if necessary.1)Skin injury, infection, stress, and certain drugs maytrigger psoriasis. Skin cells move at an accelerated ratefrom the dermis into the epidermis, where they sloughoff, causing inflammation.牛皮癣可能由皮肤外伤、感染、压力和某些药物引起。
科技英语阅读原文及翻译（李健版,单元1-7）
科技英语阅读原文及翻译（李健版,单元1-7）Unit 1 EnvironmentEarth’s Health in Sharp Decline, Massive Study Finds大规模研究发现：地球的“健康”每况愈下The report card has arrived from the largest ever scientific Earth analysis, and many of the planet’s ecosystems are simply not making the grade.有史以来对地球进行的最大规模的科学分析结果表明，地球上的许多生态系统都达不到标准。
The UN-backed Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Synthesis Report found that nearly two-thirds of Earth’s life-supporting ecosystems, including clean water, pure air, and stable climate, are being degraded by unsustainable use.由联合国主持的《千年生态系统评估综合报告》指出，由于不可持续的使用，地球上将近三分之二的用来维持生命的生态系统（包括干净的水源、纯净的空气以及稳定的气候）正遭受破坏。
Human has caused much of this damage during the past half century. Soaring demand for food, fresh water, timber, fiber and fuel have led to dramatic environmental changes, from deforestation to chemical pollution, the report says. The already grim situation may worsen dramatically during the first half of the 21st century, the report’s authors warn.以上大部分的破坏都是人类在过去的半个世纪里造成的。
科技英语阅读翻译
科技英语阅读翻译第一篇：科技英语阅读翻译Before any evidence can be introduced in support of the topic at hand, the definition of invention must be established.Legally, an invention is a new, useful, and non-obvious process, machine, or product.Maurice Fabre, author of A History of LandTransportation(1963), offered an interesting take on the automobile and its inventor.“who, for that matter ,can say who invented the automobile? Was it Cugnot with his lumbering 'fardier' of 1769? Was it Trevithick with his steam carriage of 1801, or Benz or Daimler with their first successful internal combustion gasoline engine cars of 1886?It depends what you mean by an automobile.” in the year 2001, what do we consider th e automobile to be ? I invite the reader to take a minute to look out the window.I see a street lined with cars.Many of these cars possess similar shapes and sizes.In fact, some of them are the same make and model, only different colors.What does this tell us about the modern automobile? The modern automobile is not a single vehicle;it is a collection of millions of cars designed for utilization by a mass market.In fact, we could argue that the modern automobile is a giant technological system that entails a way of life.Entire economies depend on this automobile.Engineers design the components, machinists manufacture the components, assemblers assemble the components into complete systems, truck drivers deliver the assembled product, and salesmen sell the product to the masses.This brief description does not even account for the office workers who handle logistics and maintain financial accounts,or the separate companies that mine raw materials or design and manufacture the needed machine tools.What would the economy of the United States be like without the modern automobile?Obviously, the modern automobile and self propelled vehicle are necessarily the same.翻译：在任何证据被介绍来支持这个主题以前，必须建立发明的定义。
最新科技英语阅读理解35篇(英汉对照附练习答案)
科技英语阅读理解目录Contents1.Mae Jemison ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(2)2.Can a Computer Think?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(4)3. BlackHoles,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(6)cation May Protect against Effects of Shrinking Brain,,,,,,,,,(9)5.Radioactivity ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(11)6. Uses of Ultrasound,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(14)7.Challenges for a Webbed Society,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(16)8.The World of Robots ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(19)9.The Scientific Exploration of Space,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(21) 10. Improving IndustrialEfficiency through Robotics,,,,,,,,,,,,(24)11. Heat Loss from the Human Body ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(26) 12. Energy and Public Safety ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(28)13.Earth Resources Technology Satellites ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(32)14.Can Stress Make You Sick? ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(35)15.Can It Really Happen? ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(37)16.An Ultrasonic Torch ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(40) 17. Miracle of theBrain,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(42)18.All Over in a Flash ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(45)19.Control Earthquakes,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(48) 20. Smoking and Cancer,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(51)21.How Well Do You See? ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(54)22. A Killer Is Born ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(56)23.It May Be Easy To Live Longer--Just Stop Eating,,,,,,,,,,,,,(59)24.Study: T. Rex No Speedster ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(62)25.Modern Examination ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(64)26.Ecology,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(68)27.Appearances Can Be Important,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(70)28.Animal Senses ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(74)29.Telecommunications Satellite Spins Out of Control,,,,,,,,,,,,(76)30.Building Better Ultralight Computers ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(78)31.NASA Oks Second Space Tourist ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(81)32.Drink to - and for - Your Health ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(84)33.Three Things That Will Change Your Life,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(86)34.Bye-bye Credit Cards & Hello Digital Money,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(88)35.Gender Detector,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(90)1. Mae JemisonImagine you are lying on your back, strapped into a chair, with your knees bent in front ofyou. You feel your heart beating with excitement as you hear a voice on the earphone inside your helmet counting down slowly,” Three, two, one,” Then, beneath you, a deep rumble start as rocket fuel ignites in the huge engines. You① feel a lurch as the docking mechanisms let go, and your rocket begins to rise. This is the moment Mae Jemison has been waiting and working for since 1987. The firstAfrican-American female astronaut-in-training at the National Aeronautics and Space②Administration (NASA) , Jemison is scheduled to “fly” in September 1992. She is to serve as a specialist on Spacelab—J, a joint Japanese—American research project.Mae Jemison was thirty-three when she was selected for NASA’s astronaut training program. Astronaut candidates must have science degree. They must be fit and healthy with normal blood pressure and good eyesight. They must stand between five feet and six feet four inches tall. They must complete a one-year training program that includes water-survival lessons and weightless walks in a huge antigravity tank. On the 1991 mission, astronaut Jemison says that her “responsibility are to be familiar with the shuttle and how it operates, to do the experiments once you get③ into orbit, to help launch the payloads or satellites, and also to do extra-vehicular activities, or space walks.”How did Mae Jemison grow up to become such a special person? Science —especially astronomy—fascinated her from childhood.She also had a strong desire to help other people. Born in Alabama, but raised in Chicago,she studied chemical engineering and African—American culture and history at Stanford University. To help others, she decided to become a doctor. While still a medical student, she went to Cuba and Kenya on study trips, then worked in④a refugee camp in Thailand. She spent three years in West Africa as a doctor with the Peace Corps. When Dr. Jemison finally returned to the United States, she settled in California to practice medicine. And it was then that she decided to reach for the stars.Mae Jemison’s first application to NASA was not successful. Then, in 1986, the⑤Challenger space shuttle exploded, killing all aboard . NASA did not take in any new astronauts for about a year. When it finally reopened its application process, Mae Jemison was ready, and so was NASA. After being selected as a minority astronaut, Mae Jemison received a good deal of attention from newspaper and television. She explained to reporters that the space program and other fields in high technology offer promising careers for African-Americans and other minorities who study hard⑥ and make the most of their opportunities .1.The first paragraph is about ______.A.how excited Mae Jemison was when she became an astronautB. how Mae Jemisonbecame an astronautC.how the people usually feel when the rocket they take begins to riseD.what Mae Jemison did after she was able to fly a rocket2.Which of the following statements is true?A.Mae Jemison had a strong desire to become famous.B.Mae Jemison was brought up in Alabama.C.Mae Jemison studied astronomy at Stanford University.D.Mae Jemison studied medicine.3.When did the Challenger space shuttle explode? A. Before Mae Jemison became a doctor.B.Shortly after Mae Jemison graduated from Stanford University.C.About a year before Mae Jemison was selected as an astronaut.D.About a year after Mae Jemison became famous all over the world.4.Mae Jemison believed that _______.A.men and women were not equalB.women were better paid than men wereC.American blacks were unable to find satisfactory jobs no matter how hard they studiedD.American blacks were able to find satisfactory jobs if they studied hard and made gooduse of their chance5.What is the attitude of the writer towards Mae Jemison’s achievements?A.JealousB.UpsetC. NegativeD. PositiveNotes:①lurch v. : To roll or pitch suddenly or erratically. 突然倾斜,突然地或者无规则地倾斜或坠落。
科技英语原文及简单翻译
科技英语原文及简单翻译How ASIMO WorksIntroduction to How ASIMO WorksWant a robot to cook your dinner, do your homework, clean your house, or get your groceries? Robots already do a lot of the jobs that we humans don't want to do, can't do, or simply can't do as well as our robotic counterparts.Honda engineers have been busy creating the ASIMO robot for more than 20 years. In this article, we'll find out what makes ASIMO the most advanced humanoid robot to date.The Honda Motor Company developed ASIMO, which stands for Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility, and is the most advanced humanoid robot in the world. According to the ASIMO Web site, ASIMO is the first humanoid robot in the world that can walk independently and climb stairs.Rather than building a robot that would be another toy, Honda wanted to create a robot that would be a helper for people -- a robot to help around the house, help the elderly, or help someone confined to a wheelchair or bed. ASIMO is 4 feet 3 inches (1.3 meters) high, This allows ASIMO to do the jobs it was created to do without being too big and menacing.ASIMO's Motion: Walk Like a HumanHonda researchers began by studying the legs of insects, mammals, and the motion of a mountain climber with prosthetic legs to better understand the physiology and all of the things that take place when we walk -- particularly in the joints. For example, the fact that we shift our weight using our bodies and especially our arms inorder to balance was very important in getting ASIMO's walking mechanism right. The fact that we have toes that help with our balance was also taken intoconsideration: ASIMO actually has soft projections on its feet that play a similar role to the one our toes play when we walk. This soft material also absorbs impact on the joints, just as our soft tissues do when we walk.ASIMO has hip, knee, and foot joints. Robots have joints that researchers refer to as \degrees of freedom.\A single degree of freedom allows movement either right and left or up and down. ASIMO has 34 degrees of freedom spread over different points of its body in order to allow it to move freely. There are three degrees of freedom in ASIMO's neck, seven on each arm and six on each leg. The number of degrees offreedom necessary for ASIMO's legs was decided by measuring human joint movement while walking on flat ground, climbing stairs and running.ASIMO also has a speed sensor and a gyroscope sensor mounted on its body. They perform the tasks of:? ?sensing the position of ASIMO's body and the speed at which it is moving relaying adjustments for balance to the central computer These sensors work similarly to our inner ears in the way they maintain balance and orientation.ASIMO also has floor surface sensors in its feet and six ultrasonic sensors in its midsection. These sensors enhance ASIMO's ability to interact with its environment by detecting objects around ASIMO and comparing gathered information with maps of the area stored in ASIMO's memory.To accomplish the job our muscles and skin do in sensing muscle power, pressure and joint angles, ASIMO has both joint-angle sensors and a six-axis force sensor.Unless you know a lot about robotics, you may not fully grasp the incredible milestone it is that ASIMO walks as we do. The most significant part of ASIMO's walk is the turning capabilities. Rather than having to stop and shuffle, stop and shuffle, and stop and shuffle into a new direction, ASIMO leans and smoothly turns just like a human. ASIMO can also self-adjust its steps in case it stumbles, is pushed, or otherwise encounters something that alters normal walking.In order to accomplish this, ASIMO's engineers had to find a way to work with the inertial forces created when walking. For example, the earth's gravity creates a force, as does the speed at which you walk. Those two forces are called the \inertial force.\ground, called the \posture has to work to make it happen. This is called the \zero moment point\(ZMP). To control ASIMO's posture, engineers worked on three areas of control:? ?Floor reaction control means that the soles of the feet absorb floor unevenness while still maintaining a firm stance.Target ZMP control means that when ASIMO can't stand firmly and its body begins to fall forward, it maintains position by moving its upper body in the direction opposite the impending fall. At the same time, it speeds up its walking to quickly counterbalance the fall.?Foot-planting location control kicks in when the target ZMP control has been activated. It adjusts the length of the step to regain the right relationship between the position and speed of the body and the length of the step.ASIMO's Motion: Smooth MovesASIMO can sense falling movements and react to them quickly; but ASIMO's engineers wanted more. They wanted the robot to have a smooth gait as well as do something that other robots can't do -- turn without stopping.When we walk around corners, we shift our center of gravity into the turn. ASIMO uses a technology called \predictive movement control,\Intelligent Real-Time Flexible Walking Technology or I-Walk, to accomplish that same thing. ASIMO predicts how much it should shift its center of gravity to the inside of the turn and how long that shift should be maintained. Because this technolgy works in real time, ASIMO can do this without stopping between steps, which other robots must do.Essentially, with every step ASIMO takes, it has to determine its inertia and then predict how its weight needs to be shifted for the next step in order to walk and turn smoothly. It adjusts any of the following factors in order to maintain the right position:? ? ? ?the length of its steps its body position its speedthe direction in which it is steppingWhile reproducing a human-like walk is an amazing achievement, ASIMO can now run at speeds up to 3.7 miles per hour (6 kilometers per hour). In order to qualify as a true running robot, ASIMO must have both feet off the ground for an instant in each step. ASIMO manages to be airborne for .08 seconds with each step while running. Honda engineers encountered an entirely new set of challenges while trying to give ASIMO the ability to run. They gave ASIMO’s torso a degree of freedom to aid in bending and twisting so that the robot could adjust its posture while airborne. Without this ability, ASIMOwould lose control while airborne, possibly spinning in the air or tripping when landing.In order to make turns smoothly while running, the engineers enhanced ASIMO's ability to tilt its center of gravity inside turns to maintain balance and counteractcentrifugal force. ASIMO could even anticipate turns and begin to lean into them before starting the turn, much like you would if you were skiing or skating.ASIMO如何工作介绍如何工作。
科技英语阅读翻译
Unit 2 Physics1. Directions: Work on your own and fill in the blanks with the main idea.Part 1 (Paras. 1-3): Brief introduction to dark energy Para. 1: Dark energy is an unexplained force which tugs galaxies away from each other.Para. 2: Dark energy is somewhat like anti-gravity.Para. 3: Dark energy is scientists’ hypothetic form of energy to explain the universe’s expansion.Part 2 (Paras. 4-9): The discovery of dark energy: confounding expectationsPara. 4: The discovery of dark energy is a case of science confounding expectations.Para. 5: Experts expected that gravity had slowed down the universe’s rate of expansion.Para. 6: The universe’s rate of expansion was speeding up.Para. 7: The result was beyond experts’ expectations which caused much nervous laughter.Para. 8: The measurements of supernovae provided the evidence that the universe’s rate of ballooning was speeding up.Para. 9: The scientists observed many supernovae at different distances to determine how fast they are speeding away from us.Part 3 (Paras. 10-13): The rate of the expansion of the universe: shocking resultsPara. 10: The rate of the universe’s expansion is accelerating.Para. 11: More researches done by other experts also show the same results.Para. 12: Einstein’s cosmologica l constant has been revived to explain the puzzling findings.Para. 13: The cosmological constant is one of the leading theories to explain the expansion of theuniverse.Part 4 (Paras. 14-17): The difference between dark energy and dark matterPara. 14: The confusion of dark energy and dark matter.Para. 15: Dark matter is an invisible hypothesized form of matter.Para. 16: Dark matter and dark energy seem to make up most of the mass of the universe.Para. 17: The discovery of dark energy stirred up a lot of other issues, such as making some peoplebelieve that there are several universes.2. Directions: Complete the sentences with the words givenin the brackets. Change the form if necessary.1)Skin injury, infection, stress, and certain drugs maytrigger psoriasis. Skin cells move at an accelerated ratefrom the dermis into the epidermis, where they sloughoff, causing inflammation.牛皮癣可能由皮肤外伤、感染、压力和某些药物引起。
科技英语阅读课文翻译
脸谱网有一个重要的隐私人员，但是我怀疑他将从现在存在10年。
那不是因为脸谱不顾一切去掉隐私保护，但由于脸谱和其他社交网站的普及促进了共享个人的一切事物，消除了从公共分离出私事的结点。
由于共享的个人信息的范围扩展到，几个朋友一起归入脸谱的许多杂项的个人的“朋友”标签中，披露的事情成为很常态和私人的事情变得古怪和不合时宜。
脸谱的年轻成员，是那些高中生或者大学生，以及脸谱开始出现在校园里的时候那些舒适共享任何东西分应届毕业生。
它的老成员是仅仅在2006年打开网络工作场所后加入的。
任何人都调整到一个新的善于自我表达超过沉默的价值体系。
脸谱表示它有1.75亿会员，是世界上最大的社会网络。
但在美国，大多数成员都还比较年轻。
脸谱提供广告给 5440万成员的目标，且不分年龄人人共享。
但是，如果广告客户想缩小它的目标观众到那些25岁或更老的，数量就会下降到2880万。
它缩小到30或以上岁数的人，脸谱只有仅仅提供2030万。
许多超过30 岁的人尚未注册，因此脸谱有一个惊人的增长机会。
每个星期，新成员是在美国以百万和全球范围内以5百万增加的。
30岁以上的群体是其增长最快的人口。
成员也都变得更合群。
根据该公司的发言人，在12月，每名成员的“朋友”，在全球范围内，平均人数为100。
如今，它已跃升至120。
在成员之间，一部和蔼包容性的法律似乎是在揭示：随着时间的推移，许多最简单的途径是，定期接受“好友请求”决定。
当一个成员的旨在作为另一个脸谱网的朋友，是完成一个结果的开始。
换句话说，他们简单地定义“朋友”为：去成为传达希望的脸谱会员。
会员和个人网络的增长，似乎不受公司在其短暂的五年历史的失态的影响。
其中的一个实例是在二月，当它与它的服务条款拨弄时。
新的语言似乎断言脸谱“不可撤销”的权利是去保留和使用一个成员的个人信息。
即使成员已经关闭了他或她的脸谱帐户，也应该多一点编辑。
这个强烈抗议是大声的，仅仅一些成员需要增加他们的声音去创建一个喧嚣声，然后脸谱恢复旧的语言。