现在分词与过去分词作定语比较
过去分词和现在分词作定语 知乎
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过去分词和现在分词作定语知乎过去分词和现在分词都可以作为定语,用来修饰名词或代词。
它们的作用是描述或限定名词或代词的特征或状态。
下面分别介绍过去分词和现在分词作定语的用法和注意事项。
一、过去分词作定语过去分词作定语时,通常表示被动或完成的意义。
它可以修饰名词或代词,表示被动的动作或状态。
例如:1. The broken vase was thrown away.(被动)2. The stolen car was found by the police.(被动)3. The finished project was submitted on time.(完成)4. The exhausted runner crossed the finish line.(状态)需要注意的是,过去分词作定语时,通常与被修饰的名词或代词之间存在被动关系或完成关系。
此外,过去分词作定语时,常常与系动词be连用,构成被动语态或完成时态。
二、现在分词作定语现在分词作定语时,通常表示主动或进行的意义。
它可以修饰名词或代词,表示主动的动作或状态。
例如:1. The running boy is my son.(主动)2. The growing economy needs more investment.(进行)3. The shining sun warmed the earth.(状态)需要注意的是,现在分词作定语时,通常与被修饰的名词或代词之间存在主动关系或进行关系。
此外,现在分词作定语时,常常与系动词be连用,构成进行时态。
三、过去分词和现在分词的区别过去分词和现在分词作定语的区别在于,它们表示的动作或状态的时间不同。
过去分词表示的是过去的动作或状态,而现在分词表示的是现在的动作或状态。
例如:1. The broken vase was thrown away.(过去分词)2. The running boy is my son.(现在分词)需要注意的是,有些动词的过去分词和现在分词形式相同,但它们的用法和意义不同。
过去分词作定语现在分词作定语
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a building to be built here a building being built here a building built here
归纳总结 to be done 表将来 being done表正在进行 done表完成
He will speak in the meetingt_o_b_e(hhoelldd) on Friday.
C. first played
D. to be first playing
5. The research is so designed that once _D__
nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins
B. having begun
C. beginning
2. As we joined the big crowd, I got ___A_ from my friends
A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
3. Cleaning women in big cities usually get __C_ by the hour.
一个发展中国家
a developing country
正在沸腾的水
boiling water
一个令人吃惊的表情 a surprising look
a fallen tree fallen leaves
a falling tree falling leaves
boiling water boiled water
D. begun
6. The television is a __A_ machine.
A. newly-invented
现在分词和过去分词的区别
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过去分词作表语
描述主语的状态或信仰,如 "I am convinced."
现在分词作状语
时间
Using Facebook every morning is his habit.
原因
Feeling bored, she passed the time by making pizza.
方式
The cowboy crossed the plain riding his horse.
过去分词作定语
被动语态
The lost ball was found behind the couch.
描述状态
The broken pencil cannot be used.
描述感受
The frightened deer ran away immediately.
过去分词作表语
1 描述状态
2 描述感受
3 描述事件结果
The flowers are wilted.
I was thrilled with the gift.
The job was done.
构成方式
1
现在分词
大多数动词加 -ing,但有一些变化,如双写结尾的词,或结尾为 -ie 的动词变为 -ying。
2
过去分词
大多数动词加 -ed 结尾,但是一些动词有它们自己的形式。也有其他表示过去的 形式,如- d 或 -t。
3
不规则动词
有些动词的现在分词和过去分词是相同的形式,如 cut 和 put。
用法区别
现在分词作定语
描述正在发生的动作,如 “the running man”。
现在分词作状语
描述一个动作发生的时间、原因、方式等, 如 "Walking slowly, he enjoyed the breeze."
现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
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现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别现在分词(动词-ing形式)和过去分词的主要差别在于:现在分词表示“主动和进行”,过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成)。
一、现在分词和过去分词作定语的用法单个的分词放在所修饰的名词前(少数动词除外),分词短语放在所修饰的名词后。
作定语的现在分词和过去分词的区别在于:现在分词与被修饰的名词在逻辑上是主动关系,现在分词表示动作正在发生或与谓语同时发生;过去分词与被修饰的名词在逻辑上是被动关系,过去分词的动作发生在谓语之前或没有时间性。
有一点要指出的是:现在分词的被动式既表进行,又表被动。
1. 前置定语(1)现在分词表进行,过去分词表完成。
二者都表主动。
the rising sun正在升起的太阳the risen sun已经升起的太阳developing countries发展中国家developed countries发达国家the boiling water正在沸腾的水the boiled water已经烧开的水(2)现在分词表主动或进行,过去分词表被动。
remaining money 剩下的钱working people劳动人民____________a sleeping child一个睡着的孩子written English书面英语a man-made satellite人造卫星a newly-built school新修的学校the exciting news令人激动的消息the excited people感到激动的人们a puzzling problem令人迷惑的问题a puzzled look感到迷惑的表情2.后置定语(1)现在分词的主动式表主动或进行;过去分词在语态上表被动,在时间上或表过去发生,或表没有时间性。
There are 20 people working for the project. 有20人参与这个项目。
英语:现在分词和过去分词用法之异同
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4.Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 简析:该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语 从句 who were invited 5.Most of the artists ____ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 简析:该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语 从句who were invited 6.The computer centre, ____ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 简析:该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后, 可以用非限制性定语从句“which was opened last year”代替 7.The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 简析:该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语 从句which were written
1.European football is played in 80 countries, ____ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 简析:首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分在整个句中应作状语; 再根据 European football 对于 make 来说应是主动关系,即欧洲足 球使之本身成为一项最受世人欢迎的运动。因此,该题应选A。 2.____ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 简析:该题应选C。 测试非谓语动词的否定式是在其前直接加 not 。若动作发生在主句动作之前时用非谓语的完成式。 3.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ____ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 简析:该题应选C。测试现在分词可以作补充说明的状语。
现在分词和过去分词作定语
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分词作定语有两种形式。
它可以放在被修饰的名词之前,称为前置定语。
有的放在被修饰的名词之后,称为后置定语。
一. 现在分词用法(1)单个的现在分词作定语时,它总是位于被修饰的名词之前,说明被修饰名词的性质或特征等。
如:This is a very charming village. 这是一座迷人的村庄。
I learnt another astonishing fact. 我了解到另一个令人吃惊的事实。
She found herself in an embarrassing position. 她发现自己处于尴尬的地位。
He is a promising young man. 他是一个有前途的年轻人。
Make less noise. There’s a sleeping child. 不要出太大声音,有个孩子在睡觉。
He is a promising young man.他时一个有培养前途的青年。
It is a fascinating city.这是一座迷人的城市。
Wisconsin is the leading dairy state.威斯康星乳牛产品领先各州。
They are visiting in a neighbouring town.他们在临近一座城市访问。
偶尔也可见到单个的现在分词用作后置定语的情形,但主要见于有较强的动词意义时(接近一个定语从句时):Oh, it’s the cake burning.噢,糕点烤焦了。
There were no soldiers drilling. 没有士兵在操练。
(2)如果是现在分词短语作定语,则总是位于所修饰的名词之后。
如:The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper. 坐在约翰和玛丽之间的那个年轻小伙子是校园报的编辑。
There is someone knocking at the door.有人在敲门。
最新现在分词与过去分词作定语比较
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现在分词与过去分词作定语比较由于现在分词和过去分词具有形容词或副词的特点,在句中可作表语、状语、宾语补足语和定语。
作定语时,既可作前置定语,又可作后置定语。
现将其用法归纳如下,供大家参考。
一、前置定语:单独一个分词作定语时,一般情况下被放在被修饰的名词前面,例如:1.现在分词:几乎所有的现在分词都可以作前置定语,现在分词表示它所修饰名词的动作,二者有逻辑上的主谓关系,并且表示所修饰词的特点、性质等。
(可以转换成定语从)。
例如:Barking dogs seldom bit.=Dogs which barks seldom bit.爱叫的狗很少咬人。
(注意)作前置定语的现在分词前面可有状语修饰,有两种情况:一是已经转化为形容词的现在分词,状语多用very, rather等加强词,如:This is a rather boring film.这是部令人厌烦的影片。
二是一般的现在分词不能用加强词作状语,但可用其他副词,例如:不能说:rather moving vehicles但可以说:fast moving vehicles 飞快行驶的车辆2.过去分词:所有的及物动词的过去分词都可以做前置定语,不及物动词过去分词做前置定语时,一般过去分词前有副词修饰,但也有小数几个可以单独作前置定语。
过去分词与已经完全变成了形容词的过去分词做前置定语的区别是:前者表示中心词承受动作的结果或状态;而后者表示中心词的特点。
例如:a newly arrived student新到的学生(arrived是不及物动词,但前有newly修饰)an escaped convict逃犯(escaped不及物)a retired worker退休工人(retired不及物)a locked door上锁的门(locked表示中心词door锁后的状态)an experienced doctor有经验的医生(experienced表示中心词doctor的特点)二、后置定语:1)当被修饰的词是由some/any/no +thing/body/one所构成的不定代词或指示代词those等时,虽然是一个单一的分词作形容词用,但也要放在其后。
中考英语 现在分词和过去分词的区别
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【小艺点睛】现在分词和过去分词的区别:在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义;在时间上,现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生,过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。
如:falling leaves 正在下落的树叶fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶分词的作用1、作定语(1)单个分词作定语,分词前置。
如:The sleeping boy is my son.The excited people rushed into the building.(2)分词短语作定语,分词后置;分词修饰不定代词something等要后置;个别分词如give,left等作定语也后置。
如:The girl standing under the tree is my niece.The building built last year is our library.(3)过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
如:Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.2、作状语现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。
Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.(原因)Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. (条件)Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital. (原因)Though defeated, he didn’t lose heart. (让步)He lay on the grass, looking into the sky. (伴随)He came running to tell me the good news. (方式)注意:主要用于作状语,一般不用作定语。
现在分词和过去分词作定语的意义和用法
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现在分词和过去分词作定语的意义和用法英语中的现在分词即动词?鄄ing形式和过去分词都可以作定语用,但它们作定语时的含义和用法各有不同。
总的说来,现在分词和过去分词作定语时的特点是:1)现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义。
2)现在分词表示动作正在进行,过去分词表示状态或动作已经完成,或表示被动的动作。
下面就对它们的用法和含义作一具体说明。
一、单个分词作定语修饰名词时,通常常放在被修饰的名词前面,说明被修饰名词的性质或特征。
表示“……的”或“用作……的”。
1. 现在分词作定语A. 现在分词表示主动意义。
如: a moving film 一场感人的电影; the surprising news 令人惊讶的消息B. 现在分词表示动作正在进行。
如: a developing country一个发展中国家; a sleeping boy 一个正在睡觉的男孩; boiling water 沸水2. 过去分词作定语A. 过去分词表示被动意义。
如:boiled water 开水(烧开过的水);a broken cup 一个破杯子(被打破的杯子); an honored teacher 一个被人尊敬的老师B. 表示动作已经发生或者完成。
如:an injured boy一个受伤的男孩(已经受伤); a retired worker 一个退休工人(已经退休); a developedcountry一个发达国家(已经完成发展的过程);some fallen leaves 一些落叶(已经落下的叶子)二、分词短语常作后置定语,放在被修饰的名词后面,相当于一个定语从句。
1. 现在分词常带有“正在……”的含义。
例如:The boy standing near the window is my brother. (相当于The boy who is standing near the window is my brother.)正站在窗户旁边的那个男孩是我的兄弟。
分词作表语、定语、状语
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分词作表语、定语、状语一、现在分词和过去分词的区别more beautiful.二、分词的用法1分词作表语1)跟在系动词之后分词作表语,一般跟在be, get, become, look, sound, feel, keep,remain, grow, seem, appear 等系动词后面。
现在分词作表语:一般表主动或主语的性质和特征。
含有“令人⋯⋯”的意思。
主语多数情况下是物。
过去分词作表语:一般表被动或主语所处的状态。
含有“感到⋯⋯”的意思。
主语多数情况下是人。
而作表语用的分词,许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。
常见的原以下:现在分词:moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting,inspiring, boring,surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing,missing, promissing过去分词:interested, moved, discouraged, amused, astonished, frighten, excited, inspired, pleased, satisfied, tired, worried, completed, delighted, hurt, married, crowded。
The news sounds encouraging.这个消息听起来令人鼓舞。
How did the audience receive the new play?观众对这个新剧反映如何?They got very excited.他们非常激动。
How did Bob do in the exams this time?这次鲍伯考得怎么样?Well, his father seems pleased with his results.不错,他父亲似乎对于他的成绩感到高兴。
现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
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现在分词和过去分词都可以作定语修饰名词,它们的区别主要表现在语态和时间关系上。
⾸先,在语态上不同:现在分词表⽰主动的意思,⽽过去分词多表⽰被动的意思。
请⽐较:
1、surprising news 使⼈吃惊的消息
surprised listeners 吃惊的听众
2、an exciting movie 令⼈激动的电影
excited children 激动的孩⼦
3、The teacher told his students a lot of interesting stories. ⽼师给学⽣讲了许多有趣的故事。
She is interested in Chinese. 她对汉语感兴趣。
值得注意的是,有⼀些过去分词由不及物动词变来,它们只表⽰⼀个动作已完成,没有被动的意味。
例如:fallen leaves 落叶(已经落下的树叶),the exploded bomb 已爆炸的炸弹 a retired miner 退休的矿⼯,returned students 归国的留学⽣。
其次,时间关系上不同:⼀般来说,现在分词表⽰的动作往往正在进⾏,⽽过去分词所表⽰的动作往往已经完成。
请⽐较: 1、the changing world 正在发⽣变化的世界
the changed world 已经变化了的世界
2、boiling water 正在开的⽔
boiled water 已经煮开过的⽔(可能是凉开⽔)
3、developing countries 发展中国家
developed countries 发达国家。
现在分词、过去分词作定语、状语、宾补的区别
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现在分词、过去分词作定语、宾语补足语、状语时的区别现在分词\过去分词作定语的区别.(一)现在分词\过去分词作定语的区别.1.The mobile phone lying on the desk belongs to me. =The mobile phone which is lying on the desk belongs to me. (the mobile phone 和lie为主谓关系,即主动关系,故用现在分词)2.The injured suffering from the shock in the traffic accident were lying in the hospital.=The injured who suffered from the shock in the traffic accident were lying the hospital。
(the injured 和suffer 为主谓关系,即主动关系,故用现在分词)3.The house built 50 years ago will be pulled soon. =The house which was built 50 years ago will be pulled soon. (the house 和build为动宾关系,即被动关系,故用过去分词)The mobile phone laid on the desk belongs to me. =The mobile phone which is laid on the desk belongs to me. (the mobile phone 和lay 为动宾关系,即被动关系,故用过去分词)The injured suffering from the shock from the traffic accident were lying in the hospital.The house built 50 years ago will be pulled soon.The mobile phone lying on the desk belongs to me.The mobile phone laid on the desk belongs to me.小试牛刀:1.The student ________________( speak) to the teacher now is our moniter.2.The problem _______________( discuss) yesterday is of great importance.3.The machine ________________( repair ) yesterday is broken again.4..The guests ________________(invite) to the meeting were all specialists.5.China is a country _______________(belong )to the 3rd world.6 .He lives in the house _______________( face ) the north.7.The temple ________________( stand ) on the top of the hill was built 500 years ago.8.The students ________________( want ) to join the club will gather at the gate.9.The car ____________________(make ) in China is of high qulity.10.A checking deligation ( 代表团)______________( consist ) of 5 people are visiting our school.A checking deligation ( 代表团)_____________( make) up of 5 people are visiting our school.11. The student________________( focus )on his lesson is best in our class.The student _______________ ( lose )in his lesson is best in our class.12.Can you see the boy _________________ ( dress )in a red shirt?Can you see the boy __________________( wear ) a red shirt?13.The students ____________________( sit ) in Row I see the blackboard clearlyThe students __________________( seat ) in Row I see the blackboard clearly.14. The country _____________ ( lie ) to the east of Shandong Peninsula (半岛) is South Korea.The country _____________(locate ) to the east of Shandong Peninsula (半岛) is South Korea.( 辅助信息:Our school is located in the centre of the town)key:1,speaking.2,discussed.3,repaired.4,invited.5,belonging.6,facing.7,standing.8,wanting.9,made.10,consisting;made.11,focusing;lost.12,dressed;wearing.13,sitting;seated.14,lying;locted.现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别find ,make,feel,keep,leave,have ,see,observe,notice,watch,hear 。
过去分词和现在分词作定语的区别 高考英语课件
![过去分词和现在分词作定语的区别 高考英语课件](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/3aa3d03cb8f67c1cfbd6b818.png)
attribute
过去分词和现在分 词作定语的区别
Grammar in life
Aபைடு நூலகம் B.
C.
Participles can make our language vivid and concise.
a man coming from England 现在分词短语作定语
分词短语作定语,则置于被修饰词的_后__面___.
Do you know the difference between the –ing form and the past participle as the attribute
1. Most of the artists _____ to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited B. to invite C. inviting D. to be inviting
分析:A, 被邀请去聚会的艺术家,此 处过去分词表示被动的动作。
3. A study of travelers _c_o_n_d_u_c_t_ed__ (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 【2015 全国1卷】
分析:一项网站所进行的调查。过去 分词作后置定语,表示被动关系
4. A travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people__l_iv_i_n_g__(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.【2015 全国1卷】
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现在分词与过去分词作定语比较
由于现在分词和过去分词具有形容词或副词的特点,在句中可作表语、状语、宾语补足语和定语。
作定语时,既可作前置定语,又可作后置定语。
现将其用法归纳如下,供大家参考。
一、前置定语:单独一个分词作定语时,一般情况下被放在被修饰的名词前面,例如:
1.现在分词:几乎所有的现在分词都可以作前置定语,现在分词表示它所修饰名词的动作,二者有逻辑上的主谓关系,并且表示所修饰词的特点、性质等。
(可以转换成定语从)。
例如:Barking dogs seldom bit.=Dogs which barks seldom bit.爱叫的狗很少咬人。
(注意)作前置定语的现在分词前面可有状语修饰,有两种情况:一是已经转化为形容词的现在分词,状语多用very, rather等加强词,如:This is a rather boring film.这是部令人厌烦的影片。
二是一般的现在分词不能用加强词作状语,但可用其他副词,例如:不能说:rather moving vehicles但可以说:fast moving vehicles 飞快行驶的车辆
2.过去分词:所有的及物动词的过去分词都可以做前置定语,不及物动词过去分词做前置定语时,一般过去分词前有副词修饰,但也有小数几个可以单独作前置定语。
过去分词与已经完全变成了形容词的过去分词做前置定语的区别是:前者表示中心词承受动作的结果或状态;而后者表示中心词的特点。
例如:
a newly arrived student新到的学生(arrived是不及物动词,但前有newly修饰)
an escaped convict逃犯(escaped不及物)
a retired worker退休工人(retired不及物)
a locked door上锁的门(locked表示中心词door锁后的状态)
an experienced doctor有经验的医生(experienced表示中心词doctor的特点)
二、后置定语:
1)当被修饰的词是由some/any/no +thing/body/one所构成的不定代词或指示代词those等时,虽然是一个单一的分词作形容词用,但也要放在其后。
(可变为定语从句)例如:
There has been nothing changed since I left Harbin two years ago.自从两年前离开,哈尔滨一直没有什么变化。
2)当分词短语作定语时,一定要放其之后。
例如:
The bottle containing(=which contained) the poison was sent to the laboratory.盛毒品的瓶子被送到实验室。
They have intimate knowledge of the subject being investigated(=which is being investigated).他们对所研究的题目非常熟悉。
注意:现在分词的完成式不能做后置定语。
但是,如果中心词是泛指的,偶尔可用现在分词的完成式做后置定语。
例如:
不能说:
The man having written that book is our teacher.
应该说:
The man who has written that book is our teacher.写那本书的人是我们的老师。
Any man having written such a book is worthy of praising.(泛指)无论是谁,能写出这样的书,都应该受到表扬。