失眠症英文版
关于睡眠_(About_sleeping)Presentation
4.How much time does it take to take a nap for you ?
A. Not a second B. Within 0.5 hour C .0.5-1 hour D. 1-1.5 hours E. Over 1.5 hours 12 19 11 1 0
Sleep deficiency affects many Americans: CDC
More and more American adults are suffering from a decline in overall sleep duration, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said on Thursday. It's recommended that adults should sleep seven to nine hours a night to maintain good health, but more than one-third of Americans do not meet that requirement, according to the CDC.
A .Study B .Work C .Mental problems D. Noise and light E. Internet ,games F. Others 8 1 13 15 3 3
11.How much time are your actual sleep time and ideal sleep time differ？
医学英语
Insomnia Charles E. Henley失眠(卡劳尔·布赖宁)Insomnia is more than just being unable to fall asleep. It is a subjective condition of insufficient or nonrestorative sleep despite an adequate opportunity to sleep. The Institute of Medicine and most current studies place the prevalence of insomnia at 30% to 40% in the general adult population. Although the need for sleep does not necessarily decrease with age, the incidence of sleep disturbances appears to increase with age, particularly among women. Actually, the elderly are more prone to sleep maintenance problems, whereas younger people tend to have trouble falling asleep.失眠并不仅仅是无法入睡。
失眠是在有足够睡眠机会时睡眠仍不充分或睡后精力无法恢复的一种主观病症。
美国医学研究院和现有的多数研究都认为，失眠在普通成人中的流行率为30%至40%。
虽然睡眠需要未必随年龄增长而减少，但睡眠障碍的发生率似乎是随年龄而增加的，特别是妇女。
事实上，老年人更容易在睡眠维持方面出问题，而年轻人则往往是难以入睡。
I. Approach. I. 诊断思路：Insomnia represents a symptom of an underlying problem and is not in itself a disease entity. Sleep and alertness are regulated by a complex interaction between the body's internal biologic clocks, the reticular activating system, and various influences such as light or anxiety that can interfere with the normal sleep cycles. The approach to diagnosis should recognize the potential for various causes and use history and special studies to determine the cause of the insomnia.失眠是某种潜在疾病的一种症状，失眠本身并不是一种病质。
睡眠障碍中西医诊断标准
睡眠障碍中西医诊断标准英文回答：Western Medicine Diagnostic Criteria for Sleep Disorders.The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) is the primary diagnostic tool used by clinicians to diagnose sleep disorders in Western medicine. The DSM-5 provides specific criteria for diagnosing various sleep disorders, including:Insomnia Disorder: Difficulty falling or staying asleep, waking up too early, or poor quality sleep that causes significant daytime impairment.Hypersomnolence Disorder: Excessive daytime sleepiness that interferes with daily activities, despite getting enough sleep at night.Narcolepsy Type 1: Irresistible daytime sleep attacks, often accompanied by cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by emotions).Narcolepsy Type 2: Excessive daytime sleepiness without cataplexy.Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders: Conditions characterized by abnormal breathing patterns during sleep, such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and central sleep apnea (CSA).Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders: Disturbances in the body's natural sleep-wake cycle, such as delayed sleep phase disorder (difficulty falling asleep at the desired time) and advanced sleep phase disorder (falling asleep and waking up earlier than desired).Parasomnias: Unusual behaviors or experiences that occur during sleep, such as sleepwalking, sleep terrors, and REM sleep behavior disorder (acting out dreams while asleep).Chinese Medicine Diagnostic Criteria for Sleep Disorders.In Chinese medicine, sleep disorders are believed to result from imbalances in the body's qi, blood, yin, and yang. The diagnosis of sleep disorders in Chinese medicine typically involves a comprehensive evaluation of thepatient's symptoms, physical examination, and tongue and pulse diagnosis.Common patterns of imbalance in Chinese medicine diagnosis of sleep disorders:Qi Deficiency: Symptoms include difficulty falling asleep, shallow sleep, early morning awakening, and daytime fatigue.Yin Deficiency: Symptoms include difficulty falling asleep, restless sleep, night sweats, and dry mouth.Yang Deficiency: Symptoms include difficulty waking up,cold hands and feet, and daytime drowsiness.Blood Deficiency: Symptoms include difficulty falling asleep, pale complexion, dizziness, and palpitations.Liver Qi Stagnation: Symptoms include difficulty falling asleep, vivid dreams, and irritability.Phlegm Accumulation: Symptoms include difficulty falling asleep, heavy breathing, and chest tightness.中文回答：西医睡眠障碍诊断标准。
失眠症的定义和分类的英语作文
失眠症的定义和分类的英语作文## Insomnia: Definition and Classification ##。
Definition:Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by persistent difficulty falling or staying asleep. It can significantly impact an individual's overall health, well-being, and functioning. Insomnia is typically diagnosed when it lasts for at least three months and causes substantial distress or impairment in daily life.Classification:Insomnia is classified into different types based on its underlying causes and characteristics:Primary Insomnia: This type of insomnia is not directly caused by any underlying medical or psychiatric condition. It is the most common form of insomnia.Secondary Insomnia: This type of insomnia is caused by an underlying medical or psychiatric condition, such as anxiety, depression, thyroid disorders, or chronic pain.Paradoxical Insomnia: This type of insomnia is characterized by a discrepancy between subjective and objective measures of sleep. Individuals with paradoxical insomnia report severe sleep disturbance, but polysomnographic studies may show normal or near-normal sleep patterns.Comorbid Insomnia: This type of insomnia co-occurs with another primary sleep disorder, such as obstructive sleep apnea or restless legs syndrome.Transient Insomnia: This type of insomnia is short-lived and typically lasts for a few days or weeks. It can be caused by situational factors such as stress, travel, or a change in schedule.Chronic Insomnia: This type of insomnia is persistentand lasts for three months or longer. It can significantly disrupt an individual's ability to function during the day.Other Classifications:In addition to the primary classifications mentioned above, insomnia can also be classified based on its timing and duration:Early Insomnia: Difficulty falling asleep.Middle Insomnia: Awakening during the night and having difficulty returning to sleep.Late Insomnia: Awakening too early in the morning and being unable to fall back asleep.Acute Insomnia: Short-term, lasting for a few days or weeks.Subacute Insomnia: Lasting for a few months.Chronic Insomnia: Lasting for three months or longer.Impact of Insomnia:Insomnia can have a significant impact on anindividual's overall health and well-being. It can lead to:Fatigue and daytime sleepiness.Impaired cognitive function and performance.Mood disturbances, such as irritability and difficulty concentrating.Increased risk of accidents and injuries.Physical health problems, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes.Treatment:The treatment of insomnia depends on its underlyingcause and type. Treatment may include:Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)。
失眠症的定义和分类的作文
失眠症的定义和分类的作文英文回答：Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or both, which results in poor quality sleep and daytime impairment. Insomnia can be classified into three main categories: transient, acute, and chronic.Transient insomnia is the most common form and usually lasts for a few nights or weeks. It is often caused by temporary factors such as stress, jet lag, or changes in sleep schedule. For example, when I have an important exam coming up, I may experience transient insomnia due to the anxiety and pressure.Acute insomnia is a more severe form that lasts for several weeks or months. It is often a result of a specific event or situation, such as a traumatic experience or amajor life change. For instance, when I went through a breakup, I had trouble sleeping for a few months because of the emotional distress.Chronic insomnia is the most serious and long-lasting form, lasting for at least three nights a week for three months or more. It is often caused by underlying medical or psychiatric conditions, such as depression, anxiety, or chronic pain. My friend, for example, suffers from chronic insomnia due to her ongoing battle with fibromyalgia.In addition to these categories, insomnia can also be categorized based on its primary cause. Primary insomnia refers to sleep problems that are not caused by any other medical or psychiatric condition. It is often related to behavioral or psychological factors, such as poor sleep habits or excessive worrying. For example, my cousin has primary insomnia because she constantly stays up late playing video games.On the other hand, secondary insomnia is caused by an underlying medical or psychiatric condition. It can be asymptom of conditions such as sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, or depression. A friend of mine, for instance, developed secondary insomnia after being diagnosed with sleep apnea.In conclusion, insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or both, resulting in poor quality sleep and daytime impairment. It can be classified into transient, acute, and chronic categories based on the duration of symptoms, as well as primary and secondary categories based on the underlying cause. Understanding the different types of insomnia can help individuals seek appropriate treatment and improve their sleep quality.中文回答：失眠症是一种常见的睡眠障碍，影响着全球数百万人。
insomnia
Differentiation
• Dysfunction of the Stomach胃气
不和:: • Main Manifestations： Insomnia, suffocating feeling and distending pain in the epigastric region, poor appetite, difficult defecation, sticky tongue coating, rolling pulse.
• the stomach.处方
神门 四神聪 三阴交 安眠
• Additional Points Add Xinshu (BL 15), Pishu
(BL 20) for deficiency of the heart and spleen, Xinshu (BL 15), Taixi (KI 3), Zhaohai (KI 6) for disharmony between the heart and kidney, Xingjian (LR 2) for upward disturbance of the liver-fire, Zhongwan (CV 12), Zusanli (ST 36) for dysfunction of the stomach.
------“失眠症”又叫“不寐”
A brief introduction of insomnia ,including the different translations , the related disease in modern medicine ,the diagnosis , the differentiations and the self-conditions methods of insomnia
看病时用的上的英语口语之患失眠症
看病时用的上的英语口语之患失眠症Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a common sleep disorder that affects millions of people around the world. Insomniacs find it difficult to fall asleep, wake up frequently during the night, or wake up too early in the morning. They often feel tired, irritable, and find it hard to concentrate during the day. If you are suffering from insomnia, here are some useful English phrases that you can use when talking to your doctor or healthcare provider.1. I'm having trouble sleeping.This is a simple and straightforward way to let your doctor know that you are having difficulty sleeping. It's a good opening statement that can lead to a more detailed discussion about your symptoms and potential treatment options.2. I'm having trouble falling asleep.If you find that you have trouble falling asleep at night, you can use this phrase to describe your symptoms. Your doctor may ask you some follow-up questions to determine the cause of your insomnia and to recommend appropriate treatment.3. I wake up frequently during the night.If you wake up frequently during the night and have trouble falling back asleep, it can be useful to let your doctor know. This can help them narrow down potential causes and determine the best course of action for treatment.4. I can't stay asleep.If you find that you wake up during the night and have trouble staying asleep, this phrase can be helpful in describing your symptoms. Your doctor may ask you additional questions to determine the cause of your sleep disturbances.5. I wake up too early in the morning.If you find that you wake up too early in the morning and can't fall back asleep, use this phrase to describe your symptoms. Your doctor may suggest changes to your sleep routine or medication to help you sleep longer.6. I'm feeling tired during the day.If you are experiencing daytime fatigue as a result of your sleep disturbances, use this phrase to describe your symptoms. Your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes or medication to help improve the quality and duration of your sleep.7. I'm having trouble concentrating.Insomnia can often make it difficult to concentrate and focus during the day. If you are experiencing this symptom, let yourdoctor know so they can recommend treatment options to help improve your focus and attention.8. I'm feeling irritable.It's not uncommon for people with insomnia to feel irritable or moody during the day. If this is one of your symptoms, let your doctor know so they can recommend ways to reduce your stress and improve your mood.9. I've tried different things to help me sleep, but nothing has worked.If you have tried different strategies to improve your sleep, but nothing has worked, let your doctor know. They can recommend other options for treating your insomnia, such as medication or therapy.10. Can you recommend any treatments for insomnia?If you're unsure how to start the conversation about treatment options, ask your doctor if they can recommend any specific treatments for insomnia. This can help guide the discussion and ensure that you receive personalized care that is tailored to your needs.In conclusion, insomnia is a common sleep disorder that can have a significant impact on your daily life. Talking to your doctor or healthcare provider about your symptoms is the first step in getting the help you need to manage your condition and improve the quality of your sleep. By using these English phrases, you cancommunicate your symptoms effectively and open the door to potential treatment options for your insomnia.。
西医神经科、精神科术语英文翻译
西医神经科、精神科术语英文翻译以下是常见的西医神经科术语英文翻译：1. 神经学：Neurology2. 神经系统：Nervous System3. 大脑：Brain4. 脊髓：Spinal Cord5. 神经元：Neuron6. 神经胶质细胞：Glial Cells7. 突触：Synapse8. 轴突：Axon9. 树突：Dendrites10. 髓鞘：Myelin Sheath11. 神经递质：Neurotransmitters12. 神经传导通路：Nerve Conduction Pathways13. 反射：Reflex14. 痛觉：Pain Sensation15. 感觉运动传导通路：Sensorimotor Pathways16. 自主神经系统：Autonomic Nervous System17. 中枢神经系统：Central Nervous System (CNS)18. 外周神经系统：Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)19. 神经肌肉接头：Neuromuscular Junction20. 癫痫：Epilepsy21. 帕金森病：Parkinson's Disease22. 多发性硬化症：Multiple Sclerosis (MS)23. 脑卒中：Stroke24. 脑外伤：Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)25. 脑瘤：Brain Tumors26. 脑炎：Brain Infections / Encephalitis27. 神经痛：Neuralgia28. 头痛：Headache29. 失眠：Insomnia30. 肌肉萎缩：Muscle Atrophy31. 肌无力：Muscle Weakness32. 神经根病：Radiculopathy33. 神经丛病变：Plexopathy34. 脊髓病变：Myelopathy35. 脑积水：Hydrocephalus36. 脊髓空洞症：Syringomyelia37. 脑电图（EEG）：Electroencephalogram (EEG)38. 肌电图（EMG）：Electromyogram (EMG)39. 经颅磁刺激（TMS）：Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)40. 正电子发射断层扫描（PET）：Positron Emission Tomography (PET)41. 功能磁共振成像（fMRI）：Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)42. 单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）：Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)43. 经颅多普勒超声（TCD）：Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (TCD)44. 认知障碍：Cognitive Dysfunction45. 情绪障碍：Mood Disorders46. 神经退行性疾病：Neurodegenerative Diseases47. 中毒性脑病：Toxic Encephalopathy48. 脑死亡：Brain Death49. 昏迷：Coma50. 意识障碍：Disorders of Consciousness西医精神科术语英文翻译以下是常见的西医精神科术语英文翻译：1. 焦虑症：Anxiety Disorders2. 抑郁症：Depression3. 精神分裂症：Schizophrenia4. 双相情感障碍：Bipolar Disorder5. 创伤后应激障碍：Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)6. 强迫症：Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)7. 失眠症：Insomnia8. 嗜睡症：Hypersomnia9. 睡眠障碍：Sleep Disorders10. 神经衰弱：Neurasthenia11. 精神发育迟滞：Mental Retardation12. 自闭症谱系障碍：Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)13. 注意缺陷多动障碍：Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)14. 抽动症：Tic Disorders15. 创伤性脑损伤：Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)16. 进食障碍：Eating Disorders17. 物质滥用：Substance Abuse18. 心理治疗：Psychotherapy19. 药物治疗：Pharmacotherapy20. 电休克疗法：Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)21. 支持性心理治疗：Supportive Psychotherapy22. 暴露疗法：Exposure Therapy23. 认知行为疗法：Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)24. 人际关系疗法：Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)25. 心理疏导：Psychological Counseling26. 精神科会诊：Psychiatric Consultation27. 心理评估：Psychological Evaluation28. 心理测验：Psychological Testing29. 精神卫生机构：Mental Health Facilities30. 心理健康促进活动：Mental Health Promotion Activities31. 精神疾病预防：Mental Illness Prevention32. 心理健康干预措施：Mental Health Intervention Measures33. 心理疏导热线：Psychological Counseling Hotline34. 心理健康服务：Mental Health Services35. 精神卫生保健工作者：Mental Health Care Workers36. 心理疾病患者支持团体：Support Groups for People with Mental Illnesses37. 精神卫生法：Mental Health Law38. 心理健康政策：Mental Health Policies39. 精神卫生运动：Mental Health Initiatives40. 心境障碍：Mood Disorders (MDs)。
Insomnia《失眠症(2002)》完整中英文对照剧本
下面什么都没有There's just nothing down there, nothing.我二十分钟内一栋楼都没看到I haven't seen a building in, like, 20 minutes.-瞧 -我们不是来旅游的哈普记得吗- Look at that. - We're not on vacation, Hap, remember. 开心点好吗Cheer up, will you?跟她说伙计Tell that to her, partner.扶好了伙计们又该颠了Better hang on, guys. It's gonna get rough again.午饭没了There goes my lunch.艾克哈特警探我是艾利·波尔警探Detective Eckhart, I'm detective Ellie Burr.你好Oh, hi.很高兴见到你我帮你拿Nice to meet you. Here, let me help.你好吗How are you doing?很好Good, good.大♥比♥目鱼垂钓之都很好"Halibut fishing capital of the world." OKay.多莫探长见到你真荣幸Detective Dormer, it's such an honor to meet you.我是艾利·波尔警探I'm Detective Ellie Burr.欢迎来奈特缪特车就在那边Welcome to Nightmute. I've got the car right here.能跟您一起工作真是太好了It's so incredible to be working with you.多莫警探我关注您所有的案子Detective Dormer, I followed all of your cases.狄席多命案法兰克福多凶杀案Theodore Dineli, Frank Prud'homme...海洋公园枪击案...the ocean park shootings and尤其是利兰街的谋杀案especially the Leland Street murders.罗奈尔得·兰利是在利兰街325号♥砍伤你的吗Is that where Ronald Langley cut you in the basement of 325 Leland Street? 你作业真是做到家了警长You certainly did your homework, detective.利兰街谋杀案是我大学的研究课题The leland street murders was my case study at the academy.我把你们送到旅馆然后...So I am gonna just take you guys over to the lodge and...不直接去警局No, just take us to the station.没错我们得开工了Right. We need to get started.多数谋杀案要在72小时之内介入调查Most homicides are solved by work in the first 72 hours.应该是48小时之内我们晚了一天Well, it's 48 hours. We're a day behind.不过也没人在意But who's counting?阿♥拉♥斯加奈特缪特警局他们让你管事儿了They got you behind a desk, huh?亲爱的查理你好吗Charlie bubbles. How you doing?我多久没见你们了I haven't seen you boys since when?你好查理Hey, Charlie.-不记得了七年吗 -是八年- I don't know. Seven years? - Eight years.七年了我是老了Seven years! I am old.艾利叫大家来大办公室带你看看Ellie, get everyone in the bullpen.Gonna show you around.这孩子不错Nice kid.没错很有工作热情Yeah, loves the job.我打电♥话♥问巴克意见的时候You know when I called Buck for advice on this,可没想到他会派你俩来I never actually expected he'd send you guys up here.你们那儿在搞什么Something about that bullshit you got going内部斗争吗on down there with internal affairs?他们开始插手了查理They're moving in, Charlie.拜托这有什么一般手段而已Oh, come on. It's nothing. It's the usual crap.巴克只是觉得你们这儿需要帮手来...Buck just figured you could use some help...他们让缉毒科的费因和肯特去调查连环枪击案They got Finn and Kentor on Narcotics staff clinging on the batch shooting. 现在那帮混♥蛋♥在等着上头条但是...And now the fuckers are waiting through files looking for headlines, but... 会没事的It's gonna blow over.这有个巴尼·沃菲尔德的留言Got a message here from Benny Warfield.内务组的强硬派I.A.'s pit bull.他要我们随时报告你的行动He wants to be posted on your movements.你会发现我们这儿更直接了当You'll find us a bit more straightforward up here.人非好即坏但社会关系少得多Good guys, bad guys, but a lot less public relations.简单得很It's simple.除了这个Except for this.听着这两位是多莫和艾克哈特警探OKay, listen up. Detectives Dormer and Eckhart从洛杉矶劫案谋杀司的巴克·兰加德那儿来on loan from Buck Lundgard, Los Angeles Robbery and Homicide.-帮忙搞康奈尔那个案子 -帮忙?- They are helping us with the Connell case. - Help?他们能来是我们的荣幸We are damm lucky to have them.想看什么带他们去看Anything they want to see, you show them.想去哪儿带他们过去Anyplace they want to go, you take them.这位是弗雷德·杜格警探This is Detective Fred Duggar.他一直在跟进调查He's been heading up for investigation.你好弗雷德Hello, Fred.-见到你很荣幸 -已经开始了- A pleasure. Nice to meet you. - You already on it?看过我们的资料没Seen what we got?看了我想先看下尸体Yeah, I wanna start with the body.你手上没验尸报告吗You got the report?我想自己去看I want to see the body for myself.行OKay.死亡原因明显是Clear cause of death was脑内出血造成的脑疝herniation of the brain stem due to intracerebral hemorrhage. 是被打死的Beaten to death.这些是挫伤吗These contusions?是表皮挫伤Superficial.多数伤口在面部和颈部上端Most of the trauma was to her face and the top of the neck.有被性侵犯的迹象吗Any signs of rape?没No.这个伤下面还有旧伤This one covers an older bruise.这儿也有旧伤There's an older one here too.验尸报告里提到了They're both in the report.他还给她洗了头发He washed her hair.擦洗了指甲Scrubbed her nails.验尸报告里都有It's all in the report.报告里可没说他还给她剪了指甲Doesn't say in the report that he clipped them too.可能是她自己剪的She could have clipped them herself.不指端没有抛光Nope. No polish on the ends of the nails.她自己涂的指甲油She painted them herself.别人把她指甲剪短了脚趾甲也是Someone else cut them shorter. Toes too.是裸尸吗Naked when you found her?没错有人最后一次见到她时她穿的是红裙Yeah. Last seen wearing a red dress.没有衣服纤维毛发什么的吗No fibers, flakes, hairs?我们认识这儿的法医We know the forensics worker.他说从尸体看不出什么门道He told him the body gave us nothing.能看出很多这些烦恼和关爱为什么She gave us plenty. All this trouble, all this care. Why?他认识她He knew her.他知道我们能把他俩联♥系♥在一起He knows we can connect him to her.不是个疯子或是兴起杀人吗This isn't a random psycho? Crime of passion?不知道或许吧但不管怎么样I don't know, maybe. But whatever Happened,他对她做这样的事并不是出于冲动his reaction to her wasn't passionate.他没有惊慌失措碎尸或是焚尸灭迹He didn't panic. Didn't chop her up or burn her beyond recognition.他只是在猜想我们想找什么He just thought about what we would be looking for,然后冷静地毁灭所有线索and then calmly removed all those traces.不假思索不慌不忙No haste. No rush.为什么他擦洗完指甲以后才剪呢Why would he clip the nails after scrubbing them?想延长玩弄尸体的时间Manipulating the body. Prolonging the moment.没有分尸吗No mutilation.这次没有Not this time.-有别的分尸案吗 -目前没- You think there's been others? - No.但会有的But there's gonna be.这个人凶残至极毫不心软This guy, he crossed the line and he didn't even blink.他还没完呢You don't come back from that.我们去瞧瞧凯是何方神圣Okay. Let's go find out who Kay was.弗雷德不让碰任何东西Fred said not to touch anything,所以我都没打扫so I haven't tidied up yet.反正她也不喜欢我进她房♥间She hates it when I go into her room anyway.谢谢康奈尔太太Thank you, Mrs. Connell.她周五晚上去参加了个聚会So she went to a party Friday night.不算聚会只是孩子们在一起玩的小酒吧Not exactly a party. It's a local dive where the kids hang out. 没日记吗No diary?我们没找到We didn't find one.但她妈说她有写日记的习惯But her mom did say that she keeps a journal.她朋友说她周五和男友大吵一架Friends said she argued with her boyfriend Friday.后半夜的时候气冲冲地走了She stormed off just after midnight.是吗She did, huh?有意思This is interesting.这是谁Who is this?她叫塔尼亚·弗兰基凯的死党Tanya Francke, Kay's best friend.我要跟她聊聊I want to talk to her.凯·康奈尔她人怎么样Who is Kay Connell? Who is she?交际型还是孤僻型Is she popular or is she a loner?她喜欢这个镇子吗善于抓住机会吗Did she like this town? She want to bolt first chance she got? 有梦想吗Did she have dreams?她认识凶手She knew this guy.通过了解她或许也能了解到凶手We know her, maybe we can know him.这是标名的奢侈品This is designer. This is expensive.-她男友兰迪 -是兰迪·斯坦兹- The boyfriend, Randy. - Randy Stetz.-他能买♥♥得起吗 -他还是个高中生- He could afford this? - He's still in school.也不是她母亲买♥♥的Her mother didn't buy it.怎么说What are we thinking?不知道继父或是富叔叔?I don't know. Stepfather? Rich uncles?不是No.一个倾慕者An admirer.我要和她男友聊聊Alright. I want the boyfriend.我把他带到警局去I can get him to the station.不我去学校No, no. I want to go to the school.当他朋友的面把他从课堂上拖出来When he is in his class, pull him out from his friends.出其不意人们就会议论纷纷Catch him off guard. I want get people talking.学校离这儿多远So how far away is the school?多莫警探现在是十点钟It's 10:00, Detective Dormer.没错啊You bet.夜里十点At night.那什么时候天黑呢Oh. So when does it get dark here?不会天黑It doesn't.每年这个时候不会Not this time of year.我听说过哈普你怎么会不知道呢Yeah, I heard about that. How come you didn't know that, Hap? -本土来的 -是吗- Lower 48. - Lower 48?外地人从你们走路姿势能看出来Not from here. Can tell by your walk.-怎么讲 -说不清楚- How's that? -Unsure.多莫和艾克哈特Dormer and Eckhart.我们预定了房♥间We have a reservation.别被我朋友外表的不羁唬住了Don't be fooled by my friend's frivolous demeanor.其实他是认真严肃型的Inside he's all business.餐厅还在营业吧Your restaurant still serving?是但厨房♥要封火了Yeah, kitchen's about to close though.我们尽快谢谢We'll be quick. Thank you.多谢Thanks.这儿有各种比目鱼的做法We got the halibut calabrese, got the halibut olympian.-然后呢 -还有法国风味的- Keep going. - Halibut cajun style.等不及要点甜品了I can't wait to see what they got for dessert.当地人开始骚动了Natives are getting restless.-我们得谈谈 -不需要- We gotta talk. - No, we don't.-就这么坐着吗 -什么都没变- Just wanna sit tight? - Nothing's changed.什么都没变吗Nothing's changed?你以为我们来What do you think we're doing比目鱼垂钓之都是干嘛的in the halibut fishing capital of the world?巴克觉得查理需要帮手我们才来的Buck figured that Charlie could used our help.巴克觉得内务组会来找我他说对了Buck figured I.A. would be coming to me next, and he was right. 沃菲尔德昨天把我叫去他办公室三个钟头Warfield had me in his office for three hours yesterday, Will.他妈的三个钟头Three fucking hours.他想让你自乱阵脚兄弟就是这样Hap, he's rattling your cage, pal. That's all.我和崔西谈过了Me and Trish talked it through,很抱歉我得妥协and I'm sorry, I gotta cut a deal.别跟我说这些屁话Don't even say this shit to me.不会有你什么事的You are not gonna be involved.不会吗当然会I'm not? Of course I am gonna be involved.你可是个大英雄啊You are a goddamn hero.凭你的声望他不敢动你一根手指头With your reputation, he can't touch you.问题就出在我的声望上My reputation's the whole problem.你以为你干掉了几个毒贩You think Warfield gives a fuck about沃菲尔德就会把你当回事吗you shaking down a couple of drug dealers?你以为这样就能让他们大出风头吗You think that will get him his headlines?他们想钓大鱼He needs the big fish.通过你钓到我He's putting the squeeze on you to get to me.但你是清白的威尔But you're clean, Will.没错我是个好警♥察♥I'm a good cop, yeah.但他们总能找到办法But there's always something they could use,来攻击你you know, to get at your credibility.你知不知道结果是什么Have you any idea what this is gonna do?想想我办过的案子You just think about all my cases.所有经我办理的案子All the cases dependentd on my word, my judgment.想想街上的痞子们All those fuckers back on the street. Now you think about that. 这就是你干的That's what you do.胡说It's bullshit.你根本没把柄让他们抓They got nothing on you because there's nothing to get.杜博斯Dobbs.-杜博斯呢 -这不一样- What about Dobbs? - That's different.不一样吗That's different?沃菲尔德也不想放杜博斯那种人♥渣♥出来Because even Warfield doesn't want shit like Dobbs back on the street. 这是连锁效应It's a house of cards.一旦开始就收拾不住了Once it starts, it's just gonna tumble. All of it.我要试试看兄弟That's a chance I gotta take, pal.-我还得养家 -别扯这个- I got family, Will. - Don't give me that.沃菲尔德答应我是缓刑Warfield made it clear. I get probation.我们是警♥察♥ 这不光是我们的事We're cops, man. This is not about us.是关于所有依靠我们的人This is about all the people who depend on us.所有有家庭的人People with families.我一辈子都在做好警♥察♥I spent my life doing this. My life.你这么轻易就毁掉了为什么You're gonna destroy it like that. Why? Why?就为了让个内务组的混♥蛋♥当警♥察♥局长吗So some I.A. Prick gets one step closer to being chief of police?还是他为了和市长Or playing golf with the mayor或其他要巴结的人打高尔夫球呢or whatever the fuck else he's after?说完没You finished?抱歉我要做出妥协Sorry, I gotta cut a deal.决定好点什么了吗So, make any decisions?这儿的活你一个人包办吗Uh...Boy, you do everything around here?十一点以后差不多是这样After 11, pretty much.你点吧威尔. 想吃什么Over to you, Will. What are you having?我没胃口了I lost my appetite.抱歉Excuse me.早上好Morning.你好Hi.你们接什么报♥警♥比较多What kind of calls you get around here?酗酒有关的Mostly drinking-related problems.家庭暴♥力♥ 酒吧殴斗之类Domestic abuse, bar fights, that sort of stuff.这里的人来自四面八方People here, they come from all over.他们来这儿过他们想要的生活They come to live life the way they want to.大家都是各过各的So most people keep themselves to themselves.反正奈特柏克局长也不让我处理大案子Chief Nightback won't let me handle anything over a misdemeanor anyway. 别小瞧了那些小案子Shouldn't knock misdemeanors.不是太鸡毛蒜皮了无聊得很No, but it's such small stuff. It's so boring.小事很重要像小谎言小错误It's all about small stuff. You know, small lies, small mistakes.在小案子里和谋杀案里People give themselves away same人们同样会露出破绽in misdemeanors as in murder cases.这是人的天性你不记下来吗It's just human nature. Aren't you gonna write that down? 是你杀了她吗You killed her?校园里不能抽烟No smoking on the school premises.你爱她吗Did you love her?兰迪你爱她吗Randy, did you love her?当然她很好Sure, she was nice.她很好She was nice.一下子让我心软了That makes me all soft inside.从来没想过她其实并不爱你吗Never occurrd to you she didn't love you back?她爱我She loved me.每晚都要跟我缠绵Wanted me every night.可能只是为了消磨时间呢Oh. Probably to pass the time.像凯·康奈尔那样的女孩Girl like Kay Connell,想要的可不是什么废物she was looking for more than some loser.对吗Right?我能怎么说呢爱情是盲目的What can I say? Love is blind.自己住吗You live on your own?住在他爷爷家顶楼On top of his grandpa's building.你没有周五晚上不在场证明You don't have alibi for Friday night?没想到自己还需要这个Didn't know I was gonna need one.聚会时你们吵什么At the party what'd you fight about?一些小事Stuff. No big deal.我听说是大吵I heard it was a loud fight.可能吧I guess.听说吵得很激烈I heard it was pretty rough.不算是It wasn't rough.总之不像之前的争吵Well, not like the other times.她不听你话Those times she wouldn't listen to you.大吵大闹Couldn't keep her mouth shut.我们看到伤痕了We saw the bruises.他们说她被殴打了They said she was beaten.不是那些兰迪Not those bruises, Randy .是你打的旧伤痕Come on. The old bruises. Your bruises.我受够了Alright.You know what, I'm sick of this bullshit.我什么都没做错I haven't done anything wrong.没有吗You haven't?滚你♥妈♥的♥Hey, fuck you!你只不过是个穿着皮夹克的混♥蛋♥ You're a little prick in a leather jacket.你知道个屁啊What the fuck do you know?兰迪...Randy...你的所作所为This whole thing you're doing, this fuck-the-world act. 可能对你妈It might work with your mother.甚至本地的警♥察♥管用It might even work with local cops因为他们了解你还没聪明到who know you long enough to figure you're too dumb ever能不留痕迹地去杀掉一个人to kill anybody without leaving witnesses and a signed confession. 我不吃这一套It ain't gonna work with me.因为我了解情况明白吗Because I know things. You understand?我知道你殴打你女朋友I know you beat your girlfriend.我知道她跟别人好了I know she was seeing somebody else.那人可能就是周五晚上Someone she might have gone to see她甩掉你之后去见的人after she walked out on you Friday night.要告诉我们他会是谁吗Now are you gonna tell us who that somebody might be?或者你笨到把自己变成Or are you so fucking stupid you're gonna leave yourself杀害凯·康奈尔的最大嫌疑人as the last person to see Kay Connell alive?我不知道I don't know.你不知道You don't know.他不告诉我I couldn't get her to tell me.你使劲招数了吗How hard did you try?是的Pretty hard.-你觉得他... -不是- You think he... - No.-怎么样 -查查看这是从哪儿来的- How'd it go? - You are gonna find out where this came from.我去查过了I tried.康奈尔太太和她朋友们都不知道Mrs. Connell doesn't know and her friends did't know.查过珠宝行吗小事记得吗You try the jewelry stores? Small things, remember?你还得忽略一些事情想想看The second you're about to dismiss something, think about it. 再看看它Look at it again.用我记下来吗Want me to write that down?不用我来记No, I'll remember it.艾利·波尔Ellie Burr.在哪儿Where was it?河边垂钓小屋In a fishing cabin on the beach.确定是凯的吗It's definitely Kay's?一些小孩找到的Kids found it.封锁小屋了吗Cabin secured?叫他回来Will you stop him?里奇Rich.生物和代数Biology and Algebra.查查她和谁一起学习Let's find out who she studied with.她在哪儿买♥♥的这个Let's find out where she bought this.差一点就订婚了又一本J. 布罗迪的传奇"Otherwise engaged. Another J. Brody mystery."谁看这种垃圾书Who reads this kind of crap?我看I read this kind of crap.弄干净好好看看Read it. After it's dusted.找到任何有意义的东西情节啊暗语啊Find anything that strikes you, plot-wise, underlined passages.这不就是日记There it is. The diary.一字一句Every word.没了That's it.-我拿去证物科 -不用- I'll put it in evidence. - No.为什么Why?艾利我要你通知安克雷奇附近所有电台Ellie, I want you to call every radio station from here to Anchorage.告诉他们我们在找凯·康奈尔离开聚会时背的包You tell them we're looking for the bag Kay Connell left the party with. -下个钟头内播送 -没问题- Get it on the air in the next hour. - You got it.把书包塞满书然后放回原处Fill that bag up with books and put it back where it's found.凶手犯了大错我们要生吞了他Gonna eat this son of a bitch alive, knowing he missed up this big.你猜怎样查理或许这不是个好主意You know something, Charlie? Maybe this isn't such a hot idea.捡起她的书包并不代表他是凶手A guy picks up a bag, don't make him guilty.这是罪证确凿啊Will, it's solid.我也不知道I don't know. This kind of thing.或许应该按章法来Maybe we do this by the numbers.内务组要来找我事儿了I.A.'s gonna be on my ass.我不想在这个关头I don't want this turning up in some court被传唤去法庭when my rep's in the shit-他们在翻旧案 -拜托别胡说- They're pulling apart my cases. - Come on, Will. It's bullshit.你在乎什么What the fuck you care!有人打死了一个十七岁少女Someone else just beat a 17-year-old girl to death.你的任务是找到他Your job is to find him.你是警♥察♥ 不是律师You're a cop, not a lawyer.别让内务组左右你Don't let I.A. cut your balls off.查理说得对威尔Charlie's right, Will.一组这是二组我们这边还没情况Op 1, this is Op 2. We still got nothing.不错很轻Yeah, it's nice. Light.除了枪筒和撞针全是塑料的不会生锈All plastic except for the barrel and firepin. Never rusts. 你在I.A.用什么枪What do you carry down in l.A.?-史密斯·韦森枪 45口径 -真棒- Smith & Wesson 45. - Excellent.-有动静吗 -没- Anything? - No.可能凶手不听广播呢Maybe this guy doesn't listen to the radio.他喜欢自言自语He prefers the voices in his head.威尔Will?呼叫1队我是2队OP1, this is OP2.有人朝木屋方向走去Be advised we have somebody moving towards the cabin. 好的往两边慢慢散开Okay, fan out. Nice and easy.该死Shit.快行动Come on, go!警♥察♥Police!我们是警♥察♥ 快出来Police! Come out!操Fuck!在下面是吧Down there, huh?下去散开Down to the water. Spread out!快Go!拼了Fuck it.多莫Dormer!站住谁Hold it! Who's there?-你没事吧 -没事- You okay? - I'm okay.-威尔 -别说话- Will? - Don't talk.-威尔 -别说话- Will. - Don't talk. Don't talk.-这个 -你...- Here. - You sh...你...You....你打中You shot....我知道雾太大看不清哈普I know. I couldn't see, Hap. I couldn't see in the fog. 你想...You tried to....你想要杀我吗操You tried to kill me? Fuck you.不是的听着哈普No, listen, Hap.-听我说别 -滚开滚开- Listen to me now. No, no. - Get away, get away!不是的我在浓雾里看不清No, I couldn't see you in the fog. I couldn't.我看不到你哈普I couldn't see you, Hap.挺住振作点Don't go. Come on.有人中枪了Man down!这里有人中枪了Man down here!多莫他往哪里跑了Dormer! Where'd he go? Which way?多莫哪跑了Dormer! Which way?那边That way.操Fuck.法雷尔倒地后Farrell went down.你去追凶手You gave chase.离开法雷尔后听到凶手开了第二枪After you left Farrell, you heard the killer's second shot. 你跑到河边发现了哈普You ran down to the water. You found Hap.威尔Will?事情是这样的吗Is that what happened?-哈普有没说什么 -该死- Did Hap say anything? - Damn it!我怎么会不知道有该死的地道Why didn't I know about the goddamn tunnel?未探明情况怎么能贸然出击You don't move on a suspect without knowing his exits. 听着威尔那里有很多地道Look, Will. There's a bunch of those tunnels out there. 大约6年前都是矿洞Closed 6 years ago when they were mines.就算我这个本地人也不是完全了解I don't even know most of them myself. I grow up here. 我看到他了查理I had him, Charlie.离他就像你我之间这么近As close as you are now.我都能闻到那个混♥蛋♥了I could smell the son of a bitch.-但是我搞砸了 -你没必要自责- And I blew it. - There's no point in blaming yourself.我把整个行动都搞砸了I fucked up everything.别说气话知道吗Don't you come apart on me, understand?我需要你把那混♥蛋♥找出来I need you to find this bastard.进来Yeah.-你找我吗 -你负责艾克哈特警探中弹的案子- You wanted to see me? - You're on detective Eckhart's shooting.但我们已经知道了经过But we know what happened,而且我在负责康奈尔的案子and I'm on the Connell case.安克雷奇警局来电♥话♥ 想派人来调查Anchorage called and said wants to send someone up.我说我们自己能解决你说呢I told them we can handle it ourself. We can, can we?-当然 -做个记录简单明了就好- Sure. - Write it up. Doesn't have to be Shakespeare.最好能给那混♥蛋♥多判几年是吧威尔Just enough to fry this son of a bitch for few seconds longer. Right, Will? 你好Hello?珍妮我是威尔叫你妈妈听电♥话♥好吗Jenny, it's Will. Can you put your mother on?你好Hello?崔西我是威尔Trish, it's Will.出什么事了他们不肯跟我说What's happened? They won't tell me anything.哈普他...It's Hap...他还好吗Is he okay?他牺牲了崔西No, he's gone, Trish.他死了He's dead.什么What?崔西我真的很抱歉Trish, I can't tell you how sorry I am.他怎么牺牲的威尔What was he doing, Will?凶手杀害了一个女孩所以我们...This guy killed a girl, and, so we...我们发现了他...We had him...发现了他准备包围然后他逃跑了...We found him and we had him cornered. And then he ran and... 哈普...Hap...我很抱歉I'm so sorry.-真的很抱歉 -他走得痛苦吗- I'm just so sorry. - Did he suffer?-不我... -他说什么了吗- No, I don't... - Did he say anything?当我发现他的时候Well, when I found him he...他很安详He was peaceful.-你抓到凶手了吗 -没还没有- Did you get him? - No, no. Not yet.你要找到他You find him.找到以后不要逮捕他And when you do, don't arrest him.你明白吗威尔·多莫You understand me, Will Dormer?你♥他♥妈♥绝不能逮捕他Don't you dare fucking arrest him!-好的崔西 -你明白吗- Okay, Trish. - You understand?好的Okay.崔西听着我...Trish, listen. I'm......今晚中弹身亡......was shot and killed this evening...于一次疑犯抓捕行动中...in an attempt to apprehend a suspect in the murder......其杀害了当地一名17岁女孩凯·康奈尔...of 17-year-old local girl, Kay Connell.对不起广播里已经播了几小时了I'm sorry. It's been on the radio for hours.我们还不习惯这些事情We're not used to this kind of stuff up here.昨晚他还在那儿站的好好的He was standing right there. Last night.真希望能对他好点I hope I was nice to him.他喜欢你He liked you.警探麻烦你能不能在图上指出Detective? I'm sorry to bother you, but could you just point out 你听到第二声枪响时所处的位置to where you were when you heard the second shot?很抱歉这种时候让你回忆I am really sorry to make you do this right now.没关系你只是例行公事而已That's all right. You're doing your job.我的位置Where was I?谢谢Thank you.还没找到击中法雷尔的子弹是吗No sign of Farrell's bullet yet, huh?没有我们会在尸检后进行一次No, we'll have the other one for ballistics after弹道分♥析♥the autopsy.真的很抱歉I'm really sorry.-感觉如何 -还好- How are you doing? - OK.-击穿了是吧 -是的- Clean through, huh? - Yeah.不能留纪念了可能掉在石头堆里了No souvenir. Bullet got lost in the rocks, I guess.那下次祝你好运了Well, better luck next time.你中弹过吗警探You ever been shot, detective?当然家常便饭了Yeah, I have. Kind of itches, don't it?我们一定要抓到他看清他的长相了吗We gotta catch him. Did you get a look at him?-什么时候 -我离开你的时候- When? - When I left you.-你看到什么了吗 -当时我只感觉很痛...- Did you see anything? - I was in a lot of pain......听到第二声枪声时...and when I heard that second shot,我就低下头了I kept my goddamn head down.我...I'm...为艾克哈特警探感到可惜sorry about detective Eckhart.扩音器的事很抱歉Sorry about that megaphone.-如果我没有... -听着法雷尔- Maybe if I hadn't... - Farrell, listen.我们在浓雾里到处跑为了什么What were we doing out there running around in the fog? 不是在锻炼身体而是抓拿疑犯We doing it for our health? We were chasing someone.所有河滩上发生的一切都不是你的错So anything that happened on that beach is not your fault. 这都归咎于一个人That's the fault of one man and one man only.就是那个把凯·康奈尔打死的人And that's the man who beat Kay Connell to death.多莫警探在这里遇到了布鲁克斯警官At this point, Detective Dormer encountered Officer Brooks. 藏在浓雾中的疑犯击中了布鲁克斯警官的The suspect, obscured by fog, shot Officer Brooks左大腿外侧in the vastus externus of the opposite left thigh.弗朗西斯你扮演法雷尔你腿部中弹Francis, you're Farrell. You were shot in the leg.饶了我吧艾利Come on, Ellie.拍的时候注意角度When you get this, make sure we get the cone.-这是他的血吗 -也许是番茄酱- This his blood? - Ketchup maybe.他有吃热狗吗Was he eating a hot dog?只要发现有可能是他掉落或碰过的东西Anything he might have dropped or stepped on就放到袋子里You put in a bag.烟头口香糖纸硬币任何东西Cigarette butts, gum wrappers, coins, anything.疑犯总会留下蛛丝马迹Suspect will often leave something behind.多莫警探去追疑犯Detective Dormer gave chase却在浓雾中迷路了然后losing the suspect in the fog then heard a shot...听到从东北方传来的枪声coming from a northeasterly direction.-他不是这么躺的 -你怎么知道- He is lying in that way. - How do you know?我看到了Because I saw him.-是这么躺的 -搞定了没- He is on this way. - Are we almost done here?我的屁♥股♥冻僵了My nads are freezing off.艾利我发现点什么了Ellie! I think I found something.他们不应该从远点的地方开始吗Should they start further over?。
失眠症的定义和分类的英语作文
失眠症的定义和分类的英语作文英文回答：Insomnia.Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that is characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep. It can range from mild to severe, and can have a significant impact on a person's quality of life and overall health.Types of Insomnia.There are several different types of insomnia, each with its own unique symptoms and causes. The most common types of insomnia include:Primary insomnia is a type of insomnia that is not caused by any other medical condition or medication. It is the most common type of insomnia and can be caused by a variety of factors, such as stress, anxiety, and irregularsleep habits.Secondary insomnia is a type of insomnia that is caused by another medical condition or medication. For example, insomnia can be a symptom of depression, anxiety, thyroid problems, or chronic pain.Acute insomnia is a type of insomnia that lasts for a short period of time, usually less than a month. It is often caused by a stressful event, such as a job loss or the death of a loved one.Chronic insomnia is a type of insomnia that lasts for a long period of time, usually more than a month. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including stress, anxiety, depression, and certain medical conditions.Symptoms of Insomnia.The symptoms of insomnia can vary depending on the type of insomnia a person has. However, common symptoms include:Difficulty falling asleep.Difficulty staying asleep.Waking up too early in the morning.Feeling tired or unrested during the day.Difficulty concentrating.Irritability.Anxiety.Causes of Insomnia.The causes of insomnia can be complex and vary from person to person. However, some common causes of insomnia include:Stress.Anxiety.Depression.Certain medical conditions, such as thyroid problems, chronic pain, and diabetes.Medications, such as stimulants and antidepressants.Caffeine and alcohol consumption.Irregular sleep habits.Treatment for Insomnia.The treatment for insomnia depends on the type of insomnia a person has and the underlying causes. However, common treatments for insomnia include:Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of therapy that helps people to change their thoughts and behaviors that are contributing to their insomnia.Relaxation techniques, such as yoga, meditation, and deep breathing, can help to reduce stress and anxiety and promote sleep.Medications, such as sleep aids and antidepressants, can be helpful in treating insomnia. However, it is important to note that medications should only be used under the supervision of a doctor.中文回答：失眠。
《失眠症英文版》课件
Identifying and managing risk factors: Identifying and managing risk factors for Indonesia can help prevent recurrence This includes addressing teachers in life, improving lifestyle habits, and seeking treatment for any underlying conditions that may contribute to Indonesia
Effects
Daytime fatigue, lake of energy, concentration disorders, memory problems, and mood changes, such as anxiety and depression
The causes of Indonesia can be diverse, including physical, psychological, environmental, and behavioral factors
Questions naires
01
Sleep questions naires, such as the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), can be used to assess the severity and impact of Insomnia
Sleep diaries
Etiology
Age (older adults), gender (female), genetic predisposition, chronic diseases, mental illness, lifestyle habits (smoking, alcohol consumption), and environmental noise are some of the risk factors for Indonesia
最新整理医学常识双语阅读：失眠
医学常识双语阅读：失眠下面学习啦小编为大家带来医学常识双语阅读：失眠，欢迎大家学习!I n s o m n i a i s m o r e t h a n j u s t b e i n g u n a b l e t o f a l la s l e e p.I t i s a s ub j ec t i v e c o nd i t i o n o fi n s u f f i c i e n t o r n o n r e s t o r a t i v e s l e e p d e s p i t e a n a d e q u a t e o p p o r t u n i t y t o s l e e p.T h e I n s t i t u t e o f M e d i c i n e a n d m o s t c u r r e n t s t u d i e s p l a c e t h ep r e v a l e n c e o f i n s o m n i a a t 30% t o 40% i n t h e g e n e r a l a d u l t p o p u l a t i o n. A l t h o u g h t h e n e e d f o r s l e e p d o e s n o t n e c e s s a r i l y d e c r e a s e w i t h a g e,t h e i n c i d e n c e o f s l e e p d i s t u r b a n c e s a p p e a r s t o i n c r e a s e w i t h a g e, p a r t i c u l a r l y a m o n g w o m e n.A c t u a l l y,t h e e l d e r l y a r e m o r e p r o n e t o s l e e p m a i n t e n a n c e p r o b l e m s,w h e r e a s y o u n g e r p e o p l e t e n d t o h a v e t r o u b l e f a l l i n g a s l e e p.失眠并不仅仅是无法入睡。
失眠症的定义和分类的作文英语
失眠症的定义和分类的作文英语Insomnia: Definition, Classification, and Its Impact on Our Lives.Insomnia, a common sleep disorder, is often characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early. This condition can lead to a decrease in sleep quality and quantity, affecting our physical and mental well-being. In this article, we will explore the definition, classification, and impact of insomnia on our lives.Definition of Insomnia.Insomnia is a sleep disorder that involves difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early, despite having an adequate opportunity to sleep. It can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term) and can be caused by various factors such as stress, anxiety, depression, chronic pain, and medication use. Insomnia can lead todaytime fatigue, difficulty concentrating, mood disturbances, and a decrease in overall well-being.Classification of Insomnia.There are three main types of insomnia: primary, secondary, and sleep-wake disorder of circadian rhythm.Primary insomnia, also known as idiopathic insomnia, is characterized by difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep without any identifiable cause. It is often associated with psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, and depression. Primary insomnia is typically chronic and can last for months or even years.Secondary insomnia, on the other hand, is caused by an underlying medical condition or medication use. It can be triggered by a variety of factors including chronic pain, respiratory problems, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, and certain medications. The treatment of secondary insomnia typically involves addressing the underlying condition or changing the medication.Sleep-wake disorder of circadian rhythm, also known as circadian rhythm sleep disorder, is a type of insomnia that is caused by misalignment between the internal biological clock and the external environment. This can lead to difficulty falling asleep at night and waking up early in the morning, even though the person may have had enough sleep. Shift workers, jet lag, and individuals with delayed sleep phase syndrome are common examples of this type of insomnia.Impact of Insomnia on Our Lives.Insomnia can have a profound impact on our lives, affecting our physical and mental well-being. Lack of sleep can lead to daytime fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and a decrease in cognitive function. This can affect our performance at work, school, and in social situations.Moreover, insomnia can also lead to mood disturbances such as anxiety and depression. The lack of sleep canaffect our brain's ability to regulate emotions, leading tofeelings of irritability, stress, and anxiety. This can further exacerbate the insomnia, creating a vicious cycle that is difficult to break.In addition, chronic insomnia can also lead to physical health problems such as heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity. The lack of sleep can affect our body's ability to regulate metabolism, leading to increased appetite and weight gain. It can also affect our immune system, making us more susceptible to infections and chronic diseases.Conclusion.Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that can have a profound impact on our lives. It can lead to daytime fatigue, mood disturbances, and physical health problems, affecting our performance at work, school, and in social situations. Understanding the definition, classification, and impact of insomnia is crucial for seeking effective treatment and improving our overall well-being. If you are experiencing symptoms of insomnia, it is important to seekprofessional help to address the underlying causes and find suitable treatment options.。
睡眠特征 英文版
睡眠特征英文版Sleep, a ubiquitous yet enigmatic phenomenon, plays a pivotal role in the lives of all organisms. It is a state of quiescence that enables the body and mind to regenerate, repair, and rejuvenate. The intricate patterns of sleep, however, vary among individuals, reflecting their unique physiology, lifestyle, and environmental factors. This article delves into the various sleep characteristics and their significance in maintaining optimal health and well-being.**1. Duration of Sleep**The duration of sleep is one of the most fundamental characteristics of sleep patterns. Adults generally require between 7 to 9 hours of sleep per night, depending on individual needs and circumstances. However, the optimal sleep duration can vary depending on age, lifestyle, and overall health status. For instance, newborns require significantly more sleep than adults, averaging around 16 to 18 hours per day. Conversely, older adults may require less sleep due to changes in their circadian rhythm and sleep architecture.**2. Sleep Cycles**Sleep is composed of distinct cycles that alternate between non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Each cycle lasts approximately 90 minutes, and throughout the night, individuals cycle through these stages multiple times. NREM sleep is further divided into four stages, ranging from light sleep to deep sleep. This cycling pattern ensures that all aspects of the sleep architecture are addressed, promoting optimal physical and mental recovery.**3. Sleep Quality**Sleep quality refers to the depth and soundness of sleep experienced by an individual. Factors such as noise, light, temperature, and stress can significantly impact sleep quality. Poor sleep quality can lead to feelings of fatigue, irritability, and difficulty concentrating during the day. Conversely, high-quality sleep can enhance cognitive function, mood, and overall well-being.**4. Sleep Disorders**Sleep disorders are a broad range of conditions that affect sleep patterns and quality. Some common sleep disorders include insomnia, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and narcolepsy. These disorders can significantly impact an individual's ability to obtain restful sleep, leading to a range of physical and mental health issues. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders are crucial for maintaining optimal health and well-being.**5. Circadian Rhythm**The circadian rhythm is a biological clock that regulates sleep-wake cycles and other physiological processes. It is influenced by external cues such as light and darkness, as well as internal factors like body temperature and hormone levels. Disruptions to the circadian rhythm can lead to sleep problems, affecting both the quantity and quality of sleep. Establishing and maintaining regular sleep-wake schedules can help entrain the circadian rhythm and promote healthy sleep patterns.In conclusion, sleep patterns are complex and multifaceted, influenced by a variety of factors. Understanding and optimizing these patterns can haveprofound impacts on an individual's physical and mental health. By recognizing the significance of sleep duration, sleep cycles, sleep quality, sleep disorders, and the circadian rhythm, individuals can take steps to improvetheir sleep habits and enjoy the benefits of restful and regenerative sleep.**睡眠特征：多维度的探索**睡眠，这个普遍却神秘的现象，在所有生物体的生命中扮演着至关重要的角色。
《失眠症英文版》PPT课件
根据临床表现形式分类： 入睡困难型失眠 保持睡眠困难型失眠 早醒型失眠 根据病程分类： 暂时性失眠（小于一周） 短期性失眠 （一周至一个月） 长期性失眠 （大于一个月） 心理治疗 一般心理治疗。 行为治疗：放松训练、生物反馈 不治者却往往自愈
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失眠症的治疗
失眠症治疗的目的是改善病人的生活质量。 任何减轻夜间压力、使精神放松的措施均有 助于改善失眠 ➢ 药物治疗 ➢ 非药物治疗：1/3的失眠者只需调整生活 — 病因治疗 — 行为治疗
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失眠症的原因
4、昼夜节律紊乱：睡眠时相延迟综合症、睡眠时相 前移综合 症、时差、夜班工作等 5、生理因素：睡眠环境变化、噪音、高温、强光等 6、心理因素：焦虑（入睡困难）、抑郁（早醒） 7、精神疾病：精神分裂症、反应性精神病等 8、行为因素：心理生理性失眠、不良的睡眠卫生
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主要的失眠症类型
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
❖不在床上进行非睡眠活动，如看电视、阅读、 听收音机等；
尽量不要午睡
❖睡前放松、日间规律运动（下午）：30-40分钟
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2、刺激控制训练
—— 稳定睡眠-觉醒节律，提高睡眠效率
❖只在有睡意时上床
❖若在15～20分钟还未入睡，应离开卧室，有
睡意时再回到床上
❖只要需要便重复前2步
❖早上定时起床
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非药物治疗
（一）病因治疗： ❖改善不良情绪：学习工作压力大，生活遭遇变故等 ❖治疗影响睡眠的疾病：睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、慢性疼痛、抑 郁症 等等 ❖避免服用引起兴奋的药、物质 儿茶酚胺、甲状腺素、咖啡 口服避孕药 ，茶、酒精、烟等
二）行为治疗方法 1、睡眠卫生教育——养成良好的睡眠习惯与规律 ❖创造舒适的睡眠环境（温度、噪音、光线、床） ❖避免睡前吸烟、饮酒、茶、咖啡等，少饮水
治疗失眠 专业书籍
治疗失眠专业书籍英文回答：Books for Professional Treatment of Insomnia.Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that can have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life. It is characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep, or waking up too early and not being able to fall back asleep. There are many different causes of insomnia, including stress, anxiety, depression, medical conditions, and medications.Professional treatment for insomnia typically involves a combination of behavioral therapy and medication. Behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a type of therapy that focuses on changing the thoughts and behaviors that contribute to insomnia. CBT-I has been shown to be effective in reducing insomnia symptoms and improving sleep quality.Medication can also be helpful in treating insomnia. There are a number of different types of medication thatcan be used to treat insomnia, including benzodiazepines, non-benzodiazepine hypnotics, and melatonin. Benzodiazepines are a type of medication that works by slowing down the activity of the central nervous system.Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics are a type of medication that has a similar effect to benzodiazepines, but is less likely to cause side effects. Melatonin is a hormone that is produced by the body that helps to regulate sleep.It is important to note that medication should only be used as a short-term treatment for insomnia. Long-term useof medication can lead to dependence and other side effects.In addition to professional treatment, there are a number of things that you can do on your own to helpimprove your sleep. These include:Establishing a regular sleep schedule and sticking toit as much as possible, even on weekends.Creating a relaxing bedtime routine.Avoiding caffeine and alcohol before bed.Getting regular exercise.Making sure your bedroom is dark, quiet, and cool.Seeing a therapist to help you manage stress and anxiety.If you are struggling with insomnia, it is important to seek professional help. There are a number of effective treatments available that can help you get the sleep you need.Here are some recommended books for professional treatment of insomnia:CBT for Insomnia: A Step-by-Step Guide by Colleen Carney and Peter Hauri.The Insomnia Workbook by Stephanie Silberman, PhD.Overcoming Insomnia: A Holistic Approach by Stephanie Silberman, PhD.The Power of Sleep: How to Get a Good Night's Rest and Get the Most Out of Life by Matthew Walker, PhD.The Sleep Solution: Why Your Sleep is Broken and How to Fix It by W. Christopher Winter, MD.中文回答：治疗失眠的专业书籍。
治疗失眠的英文作文
治疗失眠的英文作文下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
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适于睡眠 -觉醒节律障碍如睡眠时相延迟综合症、睡眠时相 前移综合症、时差反应等。
（一）理想的催眠药物应具有以下特点： ?迅速诱导入睡，不妨碍自然睡眠结构 ?白天无残留作用，不影响记忆功能 ?无失眠反跳 ?无成瘾性 ?无呼吸抑制作用 ?不与酒精或其他药物发生作用
根据临床表现形式分类： 入睡困难型失眠 保持睡眠困难型失眠 早醒型失眠 根据病程分类： 暂时性失眠（小于一周） 短期性失眠 （一周至一个月） 长期性失眠 （大于一个月） 心理治疗 一般心理治疗。 行为治疗：放松训练、生物反馈 不治者却往往自愈
失眠症的治疗
失眠症治疗的目的是改善病人的生活质量。 任何减轻夜间压力、使精神放松的措施均有 助于改善失眠 ? 药物治疗 ? 非药物治疗： 1/3的失眠者只需调整生活 — 病因治疗 — 行为治疗
主要的失眠症类型
2、睡眠卫生习惯不良： ?各种可诱发入睡困难的日常生活行为习惯所致 ?表现为入睡困难、觉醒频繁、早醒 ?纠正不良睡眠卫生习惯可缓解失眠 ?早期可适当使用催眠药辅助治疗 3、主观性失眠： 5% ?指对睡眠状态感知不良 ?多主诉失眠，可有焦虑、抑郁症状 ?PSG 显示睡眠潜伏期、睡眠结构、维持时间均正常 ?目前无特殊治疗
什么是失眠症？
①有入睡困难、保持睡眠 障碍或睡眠后没有恢复感 ②至少每周 3次，并持续 至少1个月 ③睡眠障碍导致明显的不 适或影响了日常生活 ④没有神经系统疾病、使 用精神药物或其他药物等 因素导致失眠
失眠症的危害
1、长期失眠 -白天功能障碍（工作能力、认知功 能、精力下降） 2、还可增加患抑郁症的危险 3、促使高血压、糖尿病、肥胖、心脏病发作， 增加脑卒中的发病风险 4、还可导致糖耐量降低、使免疫力降低 5、增加医疗资源的消耗 6、增加意外的发生（世界某些大灾难）
失眠症的原因
1、慢性躯体疾病：如疼痛、心衰、慢性肺疾病、 关节炎、慢性肾衰、帕金森病、脑血管病、脑炎等。 2、原发性睡眠疾患：阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、 周期性肢体运动和不安腿综合征等 3、药物及其他物质：酒精、尼古丁、咖啡因、儿 茶酚胺、甲状腺素、 β-阻滞剂、口服避孕药、皮质 类固醇等
失眠症的原因
?不在床上进行非睡眠活动，如看电视、阅读、 听收音机等； 尽量不要午睡 ?睡前放松、日间规律运动（下午）：30-40分钟
2、刺激控制训练 —— 稳定睡眠-觉醒节律，提高睡眠效率
?只在有睡意时上床 ?若在15～20分钟还未入睡，应离开卧室，有
睡意时再回到床上 ?只要需要便重复前 2步 ?早上定时起床 3、其他： ? 放松训练：减少觉醒
主要的失眠症类型
4、抑郁障碍相关性失眠： ?心境恶劣、动力缺乏突出 ?睡眠障碍以早醒最为常见 ?可伴躯体不适：疼痛、多汗、胃肠道症状等 ?失眠可随情感障碍的缓解而消失 5、焦虑障碍相关性失眠：睡困难为主 ?心理治疗、抗焦虑治疗有效
失眠症的分类
（四）药物种类 1、巴比妥类：1900年 ?曾是有效的催眠药，但其治疗安全范围较小； ?有明显耐药性及依赖性； ?有呼吸抑制作用及过量致死作用； ?目前只用于控制癫痫发作（鲁米那-苯巴比妥）
2、苯二氮卓类药物 1960年引入临床后，因其使用安全、起效快、耐受性良好等特点，
在很短的时间内取代了巴比妥类在失眠方面的治疗。目前，仍是使用最 广泛的催眠药。 ? 可缩短入睡时间、减少觉醒时间和次数、增加总睡眠时间，但改变睡 眠结构、缩短慢波睡眠 ? 副作用：精神运动损害、记忆障碍，滥用或长期使用可产生耐药性、 依赖性及反跳性失眠，短效药物最易出现；而长效药物则有抑制呼吸 作用与白日残留作用（宿醉等）
4、昼夜节律紊乱：睡眠时相延迟综合症、睡眠时相 前移综合 症、时差、夜班工作等 5、生理因素：睡眠环境变化、噪音、高温、强光等 6、心理因素：焦虑（入睡困难）、抑郁（早醒） 7、精神疾病：精神分裂症、反应性精神病等 8、行为因素：心理生理性失眠、不良的睡眠卫生
主要的失眠症类型
1、心理生理性失眠： 15%
3、新型非苯二氮卓类药物
20世纪80年代以来出现了选择性苯二氮卓类受体激动剂 —— 短效类催眠药
? Zolpiclone （佐匹克隆）：T1/2 5小时，ⅠⅡ受体 ? Zopidem （唑吡坦） ：T1/2 2.6小时， Ⅰ受体 ? Zaleplon （扎来普隆）：T1/2 1小时， Ⅰ受体 ? 催眠同时无抗焦虑、肌肉松弛和抗痉挛作用 ? 不影响健康人的生理睡眠结构，改善患者睡眠结构 ? 可缩短入睡潜伏期、减少夜间觉醒次数和时间、增加总的睡眠时间 ? 治疗剂量时不引起反跳性失眠 ? 经肝脏代谢，肾功能不全可不必调整剂量。 ? 唑吡坦和佐匹克隆对呼吸功能并无显著的抑制作用 ，但呼吸功能不全者应慎
?任何原因引起的情绪冲突诱发，青年期发病、女性多见 ?学得性阻睡联想：因对睡眠过分注意而不能入睡 ?躯体紧张：越接近睡眠时越焦虑，肌紧张、血管收缩 ?条件性唤醒：对卧室或睡眠相关行为 ?无意识入睡：看电视、阅读时却可轻松入睡 ?首夜颠倒效应：与睡眠正常者在陌生环境中首夜睡眠变 差的现象相反 ?治疗：良好睡眠卫生+光疗，
用；
? 褪黑素
? 褪黑素是由松果体分泌的一种吲哚类激素，具有催眠、镇静、调节睡眠 -觉 醒周期等作用。
1、在病因治疗和认知行为疗法的基础上，首选 非苯二氮卓类药物。
2、按需服用 ?偶尔失眠最好不用药 ?上床后30分内未入睡时服药 ?次日有重要工作或事情时间断服药（2～4次/周），
短期使用（< 3～4周）。 ?两种催眠药物交替使用
非药物治疗
（一）病因治疗： ?改善不良情绪：学习工作压力大，生活遭遇变故等 ?治疗影响睡眠的疾病：睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、慢性疼痛、抑 郁症 等等 ?避免服用引起兴奋的药、物质 儿茶酚胺、甲状腺素、咖啡 口服避孕药 ，茶、酒精、烟等
二）行为治疗方法 1、睡眠卫生教育——养成良好的睡眠习惯与规律 ?创造舒适的睡眠环境（温度、噪音、光线、床） ?避免睡前吸烟、饮酒、茶、咖啡等，少饮水