amy tan and the joy luck club 谭恩美和喜福会
从跨文化视角看电影《喜福会》的女性形象
从跨文化视角看电影《喜福会》的女性形象1989年，美籍华裔女作家谭恩美(Amy Tan发表了处女作《喜福会》( The Joy Luck Club )，一举大获成功，获得了一系列如“全美图书奖”和“最佳小说奖”等文学方面的大奖。
美籍华人导演王颖于1993 年将其改编拍摄成电影，很好保持了原著的风格和多视角的叙述方式，在好莱坞创下了极高的票房。
无论小说还是电影，《喜福会》取得如此惊人的成绩离不开作者对中国女性形象的独特见解和精心塑造。
一、形象学 -- 异国形象的分析方法19世纪，形象学与比较文学在世界文学界同时产生，到了20世纪80 年代，形象学理论渐趋成熟起来，直到90年代之后才进入我国理论学界。
形象学( Imagology )是比较文学研究领域的一个重要课题，研究主体是某一国文学作品中所塑造或描述的异国跨文化形象，法国当代著名的比较文学学者芭柔(DHPageauX将之概括为“在文学化，同时也是社会化、跨文化的运作过程中对异国看法的总和”。
比较文学形象学研究的中心内容就是：一个国家形象在另一个异国文学作品中是如何嬗变的，也就是这种跨国、跨文化形象是如何被塑造、想象和建构的。
在这个研究过程中，将着重探讨这一跨国形象所产生的跨文化背景及折射在“他者”形象身上的“自我”，从而挖掘“自我”和他者”“本土”与“异域”的跨文化互动过程。
在此从比较文学形象学视角对《喜福会》中国女性的形象进行分析，从而揭示“自我”和“他者”的互动对跨文化交流的深层次影响。
二、美国“自我”文化关照下的女儿们根据形象学的理论，任何异国形象的树立都是“自我”与“他者”互动的结果。
作为第二代华裔的儿女，谭恩美生长于美国、接受了地道的美式教育，自然形成了纯美式的思维方式和行动风格，但另一方面她又不得不接受来自于华人家庭的教育方式和从父母那里所继承的中国文化。
然而在美国主流文化自然属于美国白人文化，因此在这样的成长环境中，谭恩美有意识或无意识地对中国文化及中国人有着排斥甚至抵触。
谭恩美的小说《喜福会翻译
谭恩美1952年出生在美国，并且在中年时期进行学医，但是在这个时期谭恩美发现自己不喜欢学习医学，于是他放弃了进行学习。
然而他自己喜欢学习文学，在文学方面有一定的天赋，并且在圣何塞州立大学进行学习语言学，在这个期间取得了优异的成绩，并且获得了奖学金。
然而他并不满足，在加州大学进行深造进行攻读博士学位，然而在他攻读博士学位的第2年放弃了学业，正式开始了小说创作，经过他不断的努力，在1989年他的一部小说《喜福会》问世，并且震惊了整个文坛。
由于谭恩美从小生活在美国，接受的一些先进的文化教育，这对于他以后的小说创作有一定的帮助。
由于他从小到大接受的都是美国的教育，对于中国文化产生了很多的误解，但是她又将中国传统的文化优秀的一面传送到西方一些国家，促进了中西两国的文化的交流以及融合。
虽然谭恩美具有一定的中国血统，但是他从小到大生活在美国，接受的文化主要是美国的文化，所以价值观以及思维方式都和美国人相同，所以对待中国文化有了一定的客观的看法。
但是在美国充满了种族的歧视，谭恩美对此很是不满，他希望消除种族歧视，并且每个种族都是平等的，他希望中国人能被美国人认可，所以他更需要进行塑造中国人的形象，来展现中国文化优秀的一面。
谭恩美以小说的方式进行诉说中国的形象，并且把中国优秀的一面展现给西方国家，这样能够更好的符合西方人的心理预期，并且加快了中美文化的交流与沟通，使美国更加了解中国文化。
谭恩美在进行小说创作的过程中，他的小说主要的内容是描写母女之间的情感，主要写作的内容是以自己为中心，进行诉说华裔女性母女之间的关系，这是父母之间具有一定的文化认同的差异，同样让西方一些国家更加的了解中国的文化。
谭恩美的一部小说《喜福会》主要是讲母亲和女儿之间的故事，从这个故事中更好的反应出家庭价值观，由于谭恩美不是纯正的中国人，也不是纯正的美国人，所以他能够更好的把中美文化进行兼容，这样有助于中美文化之间的交流，更好的是西方国家了解中国的文化。
喜福会(the joy luck club)
The Joy Luck Club
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Four stories between four mothers and four daughters
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Name:Bao Yunpei
The Joy Luck Club
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➢ Then the woman and the swan sailed across an ocean many thousands of li wide, stretching their necks toward America. On her journey she cooed to the swan: "In America I will have a daughter just like me. But over there nobody will look down on her, because I will make her speak only perfect American English.
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The Joy Luck Club
《喜福会》中象征意象的运用探究
《喜福会》中象征意象的运用探究作者：孟凡菊来源：《颂雅风·下半月》2019年第01期摘要：海外华裔女作家谭恩美的《喜福会》讲述了四位深受中国传统文化熏陶的母亲和四个生于美国长于美国的女儿们之间的情感故事、人生体验。
母女之间的文化差异导致了许多冲突与误解。
作者使用了大量的具有中国味儿的象征符号，起到帮助消弭母女之间的冲突，化解矛盾，建立起东西文化沟通的桥梁作用。
本文探讨了玉坠、鹅毛和花瓶三个象征符号在文本中的意义和作用。
关键词：玉坠鹅毛花瓶象征一、简介《喜福会》是由华裔美籍女作家谭恩美（Amy Tan）于1989年出版的第一部小说，小说一出版立即好评如潮，并多次获奖。
《喜福会》讲述的是四对母女之间的情感故事、人生体验。
日本入侵中国时，四位母亲在广西桂林成立了“喜福会”俱乐部：她们在一起打麻将，在一起分享美食，更重要的是，在几近绝望的岁月里依然对生活充满希望，一起制造喜悦（joy）与期盼福气（luck）。
四位母亲后来相继到了美国，她们又恢复了从前喜福会的活动。
四位母亲都有一个生于美国长于美国的女儿，她们是喝着可口可乐长大的新一代，她们接受的价值观是“自由”“平等”，而母亲是在中国传统文化价值观熏陶中长大的，两代人之间不仅有代际差异，更有中美文化差异，冲突不可避免。
在贯穿于全书的16个故事中，《喜福会》使用了大量的象征符号来达到缓冲或跨越母女间文化冲突的作用，从而架起来自不同文化背景的母女之间沟通的桥梁。
本文探讨了玉坠、鹅毛和花瓶三个象征符号在文本中的意义和作用。
二、赠送玉坠，母女情深玉，晶莹剔透温润高洁。
素云随身佩戴着一个玉坠，我们并不知玉坠来历，但在中国文化背景下，不难想象它的来历，想必也是来自自己的母亲或婆婆，它承载了历代先人及整个家族对下一代的美好祝愿，祝愿他们能在先辈的护佑下远离邪恶，正直高尚，健康平安，丰衣足食。
素云极为珍视这个玉坠，她把它视为自己的生命（“ life’s importance”），几十年来从未离开过她的身体，这块玉坠里早已经浸润了她的体温与激情，她的期望与梦想，她的奋斗与挣扎。
tan amy人物简介
Amy Tan人物简介:谭恩美（Amy Tan），著名美籍华裔女作家，1952年出生于美国加州奥克兰，曾就读医学院，后取得语言学硕士学位。
作品有《喜福会》、《灶神之妻》(又译《灶君娘娘》)、《接骨师之女》、《沉没之鱼》等。
谭恩美三十三岁开始写小说，后出版第一部长篇小说《喜福会》，自此奠定了她在文学界的声誉。
《喜福会》生动地描写了母女之间的微妙的感情，这本小说不仅获得该年度国家书卷奖，还被改编成了电影，创下了极高的票房佳绩。
谭恩美在《喜福会》之后，还出版了《灶神之妻》(The Kitchen God's Wife)及《百种神秘感觉》(The Hundred Secret Senses)，两部都是畅销书。
曾就读医学院，后取得语言学硕士学位。
她因处女作《喜福会》而一举成名，成为当代美国的畅销作家。
著有长篇小说《灶神之妻》、《灵感女孩》和为儿童创作的《月亮夫人》、《中国暹罗猫》等，作品被译成20多种文字在世界上广为流传。
艾米·谭是当代讲故事的高手。
她是一个具有罕见才华的优秀作家，能触及人们的心灵。
异样人生:谭恩美在《命运的反面》里自述曾在十六岁时，为了新交的男友，和母亲发生了激烈争吵。
母亲把她到墙边，举着切肉刀，刀锋压在她喉咙上有20分钟。
最后，她垮了下来，哭泣着求母亲：“我想活下去，我想活下去。
”母亲才把切肉刀从她脖子上拿开。
在叛逆的青春期，她出过两次车祸；被人用枪指着抢劫，几乎被强奸；受到死亡威胁，几乎被泥石流冲走。
20多岁那年，她最好的朋友在生日那天被入室抢劫者捆绑勒死，她被叫去辨认尸体，从此中途辍学，放弃博士学位。
晚年的母亲还告诉她一个秘密：她在中国大陆有3个同母异父的姐姐。
这个秘密深深震撼了谭恩美，成了她创作的主题。
作品描述:1987年，谭恩美根据外婆和母亲的经历，写成了小说《喜福会》，并于1989年出版该书。
该书一出版就大获成功，连续40周登上《纽约时报》畅销书排行榜，销量达到500万册，并获得了“全美图书奖”等一系列文学大奖，还被好莱坞拍成了电影，创下了极高的票房佳绩。
从女性主义视角分析《喜福会》
文学评论·外国文学从女性主义视角分析《喜福会》李袁媛 西安外国语大学孔悦 西安外国语大学王密丽 西安外国语大学摘 要：《喜福会》作为华裔美国文学中的经典，一直备受瞩目。
寒暄问候，你来我往，人们掺杂着英语与汉语的交谈，热闹到有几分中国聚会式，这就是《喜福会》开场的镜头。
本论文从女性主义视角来分析《喜福会》，首先对《喜福会》的结构以及内容进行了简要的概述，其次通过截取《喜福会》中具有经典意义的片段，用女性主义进行系统的分析，最后总结了女性在传统文化中所处的地位。
关键词：女性主义视角；《喜福会》作者简介：李袁媛（1995-），女，汉族，山西省运城人，现就读于西安外国语大学外国语言学及应用语言学专业，研究方向：应用语言学。
[中图分类号]：I106 [文献标识码]：A[文章编号]：1002-2139(2018)-17-148-01一．引言作为经典作品之一的《喜福会》，是由美国华裔女作家谭恩美于1987年所著。
首先，它既不是小说也不是简单的短篇小说集，而是有关于母亲和女儿的故事。
该著作由十六个故事组成，以四组的方式进行讲述：其中六个故事由母亲讲述：An-Mei Hsu, Lindo Jong and Ying-Ying St. Clair.剩下的10个故事由她们的女儿讲述：Jing-Mei Woo, Waverly Jong, Rose Hsu Jordan and Lena St. Clair.在第一组的四个故事中，其中一个由女儿讲述，剩下的故事由母亲讲述；在第二和第三组中，这八个故事都与女儿们有关；最后一组中，这四个故事的讲述顺序正好与第一组相反，即前三个故事由母亲讲述，最后一个故事由女儿讲述。
一直以来，很多学者和评论家们都从不同的角度来解读《喜福会》，大多都是“女人地位低于男人”，Edward Said’s 的“东方主义”以及“中华文化与外来文化的碰撞”等角度。
本文也将从以上角度详细分析《喜福会》。
汉语言文学毕业论文 谭恩美长篇小说《喜福会》作品分析
正文：1作者及其作品简介1.1作者简介谭恩美（Amy Tan），著名美籍华裔女作家，1952年出生于美国加州奥克兰，曾就读医学院，后取得语言学硕士学位。
三十三岁开始写小说，此后出版的第一部长篇小说《喜福会》，自此奠定了她在文学界的声誉。
《喜福会》生动地描写了母女之间的微妙的感情，这本小说不仅获得该年度国家书卷奖，还被改编成了电影，创下了极高的票房佳绩。
她的作品被译成20多种文字在世界上广为流传。
谭恩美曾在十六岁时，为了新交的男友，和母亲发生了激烈争吵。
母亲把她到墙边，举着切肉刀，刀锋压在她喉咙上有20分钟。
最后，她垮了下来，哭泣着求母亲：“我想活下去，我想活下去。
”母亲才把切肉刀从她脖子上拿开。
在叛逆的青春期，她出过两次车祸；被人用枪指着抢劫，几乎被强奸；受到死亡威胁，几乎被泥石流冲走。
20多岁那年，她最好的朋友在生日那天被入室抢劫者捆绑勒死，她被叫去辨认尸体，从此中途辍学，放弃博士学位。
晚年的母亲还告诉她一个秘密：她在中国大陆有3个同母异父的姐姐。
这个秘密深深震撼了谭恩美，成了她创作的主题。
1987年，谭恩美根据外婆和母亲的经历，写成了小说《喜福会》，并于1989年出版该书。
该书一出版就大获成功，连续40周登上《纽约时报》畅销书排行榜，销量达到500万册，并获得了“全美图书奖”等一系列文学大奖。
《喜福会》以四对母女的故事为经纬，生动地描写了母女之间的微妙的感情，奠定了她在文学界的声誉。
谭恩美擅长描写母女之间的感情纠葛，不少小说家以此为写作题材，但身为第二代华裔的谭恩美，比起其他作家多了一层文化挣扎。
谭恩美常以在美国出生的华裔女性为主角，这群华裔女性不但面对种族认同的问题，还必须随来自父母的压力。
母亲们来自战乱频繁的中国，通常有段不堪回首的过去，来到新大陆之后，她们把所有的希望寄托在女儿身上，“望女不成凤”的心情却带给女儿极大的压力；母亲们更用传统方式管教女儿，传统的中国父母不习惯赞美小孩，而且要求子女绝对服从，女儿们眼见美国父母“民主式”的教育方式，再看到自己连英文都说不好的母亲，心里更是愤愤不平。
浅析《喜福会》中的中美文化差异综述
浅析《喜福会》中母女关系折射出的中美文化差异摘要：本文通过对谭恩美《喜福会》中母女关系的分析，分别从语言差异、主客礼仪差异、思维差异和孝道文化差异四个方面来阐述母女间冲突产生的原因。
小说中母女间的矛盾、冲突一直存在，直到女儿们到了为人母的年纪，母女间的关系才慢慢走向缓和融洽。
所谓文化有国界但爱无国界。
理解、真诚和爱是化解文化差异最好的良方。
关键词：母女关系文化差异冲突融洽Analysis of The Joy Luck Club in the mother-daughter relationships reflects the Sino-US cultural differencesTANG Xian(School of foreign languages，Kunming University，YunnanKunming650214 ，China )Abstract: Based on Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club the essay analyses the causes of the conflict between mother and daughter. Respectively, in four aspects from the differences of language, differences of hosts and guests etiquette, differences of way of thinking and differences of filial piety. The conflicts between mother and daughter has always existed, until the daughters have grown up to the age of be mothers , the relationship between them is slowly becoming in harmony. As the proverb goes cultures have borders but love without borders. Understanding, sincerity and love are the best remedy to resolve the cultural differences.Keywords: mother-daughter relationships; cultural differences; conflicts ; harmony《喜福会》作为美国华裔女作家谭恩美的代表作，1989年一经出版，便在《纽约时报》上连续九个月成为销量冠军。
喜福会论文thejoyluckclub
The Joy Luck ClubAbstractThe Joy Luck Club is written by Amy Tan，a famous Chinese American writer. In the novel, she presents the stories of four Chinese-immigrant women and their American-born daughters. Each of the four Chinese women has her own view of the world based on her experiences in China and wants to share her experiences with her daughter, and they never cease to try to build a bridge over the cultural differences and conflicts between them and their daughters with their maternal love of vari ous forms. At first the daughters don’t understand their mothers and the Chinese culture that their mothers represent, but as time elapses, the daughters begin to understand and appreciate their mothers' past and accept their mothers in the end. In fact, it is the maternal love the Joy Luck Club mothers extend to their daughters that finally makes their daughters understand them and the Chinese culture that they represent. In this sense, the maternal love not only symbolizes Chinese culture, but more importantly serves as a bridge over the mothers and daughters, and over Chinese culture and American culture.Key WordsThe Joy Luck Club; conflicts; understanding; culture; maternal love摘要《喜福会》是美国著名的华裔女作家谭恩美的代表作品。
喜福会的参考文献
BibliographyAmy, Tan. The Joy Luck Club.New York: Ivy Books, 1989.Guan Jing 关晶. Cong Xifuhui Kan Zhongmei Wenhua Chayi 从《喜福会》看中美文化差异(……Differences Between Chinese and American Cultures in The Joy Luck Club.‟‟)Foreign Language Institutes 10 (2005): 68-69.Jing Chen 景晨. Cong Cifuhui kan Zhongmei Wenhua de Chontu yu Jiaorong 从《喜福会》看中美文化的冲突与交融（……The Conflicts and Fusions of Chinese and American Cultures in The Joy Luck Club.‟‟) Writer Magazine 3 (2013): 56-57.Liu Cuilan 刘翠兰. Amy Tan and the Mother- daughter Relationship in The Joy Luck Club. Wulumuqi: Leimenggu University Press, 2004.Ling Jingjing 李晶晶. Cong Xifuhui de Munvchontu Kan Zhongmei Wenhua Chayi 从《喜福会》的母女冲突看中美教育文化的差异(……The Differences of Chinese and American Education Cultures from the Mother-daughter Conflict in The Joy Luck Club.‟‟) Social Science 2(2011): 70-73.Ma You 马友. Cong Xifuhui kan Zhongxi Wenhua de Chayi yu Jiaorong 从《喜福会》看中西文化的差异与交融（……The Difference and Blending of Chinese and Western Cultures in The Joy Luck Club.‟‟) Journal of Xi’an Aerotechnical College 11 (2011): 64-68.Scow, John. “Tiger Ladies.”Time108 (1989): 115-17.Wang Bijuan 王碧娟. Xifuhuizhong de Wenhua Chongtu Jiedu《喜福会》中的文化冲突解读(……Interpretation of Cultural Conflicts in The Joy Luck Club.‟‟)Foreign Literature Studies 5(2009): 43-45.Wang Dehua 汪德华. Zhongguo yu Yingmei Guojia Xisu Wenhua Bijiao 中国与英美国家习俗文化比较(……The Comparison of Custom Between China and English-Speaking Countries.‟‟)Foreign Literature Studies8(2011): 77-78. Wang, Dorothy. “AGame of Show Not Tell.”Newsweek, 77 (1989):134-37.Wei Jiaxing韦佳星. Cong Xifuhui kan Zhongxi Hunyinguan de Chayi 从喜福会看中西婚姻观的差异(……The Difference of Marriage Views in The Joy LuckClub.‟‟) Foreign Literature Studies 9(2014): 18-19.Wei Ling魏玲. Cong Wenhua Chontu dao Wenhua Ronghe-Cong Kuawenhua Jiaojixue Fenxi Tanenmei de Xifuhui 从文化冲突到文化融合-从跨文化交际学分析谭恩美的《喜福会》(……Form Cultural Conflicts to Cultural Fusion-an Intercultural Communication to Amy Tan‟s The Joy Luck Club.‟‟)Foreign Literature Studies 5 (2006): 41-45.Xu Xingyan徐行言. Zhongxi Wenhua Bijiao中西文化比较(Comparison Between Chinese and Western Cultures). Changsha: Hunan People‟ s Publishing House, 2004.“Your Mother is in Your Bones.” The New York Times,12 Mar. 1989: A-14.Yu Zhihao于志浩. Lun Waiyu Ketang Jiaoxue zhong Kuawenhua Feiyuyan Jiaojinengli de Peiyang 论外语课堂教学中跨文化非语言交际能力的培养(On the Cultivation of Intercultural Nonverbal Communicative Competence in Foreign Language Teaching). Hangzhou: Zhejiang University Press, 2006. Zhou Ying and Ma Jin 周莹和马瑾. Xifuhui Zhanshide Butongde Zhongguo Jiatingguan he Meiguo Wenhua 喜福会展示的不同的中国家庭观和美国文化(……Different Family Values in Chinese and American Cultures Shown by The Joy Luck Club.‟‟) Foreign Literature Studies 8 (2003): 78-79.。
喜福会摘要
摘要1989年，美籍华裔女作家谭恩美（Amy Tan）发表处女作《喜福会》（The Joy Luck Club）,此书一问世便成为热卖世界的畅销书，在美国掀起了一股华裔文学热，为华裔作品进入美国主流文学做出贡献。
此书不仅向美国人展示了来自神秘东方的传统的中国文化，而且其用四对母女之间的感情冲突淋漓尽致地演绎出了中美文化的巨大冲突。
国内外学者对《喜福会》这部小说的研究主要集中于三个方面：小说的主题，小说背后隐含的深刻文化意义以及小说的创作手法。
鉴于此，本课题以《喜福会》为切入点，对比和比较中美文化诸多方面的差异，主要从亲子观、婚姻观，价值观，语言表达等方面进行讨论，探讨中美文化差异差异和交融对人们的启发和思考。
在中国经济实力、综合国力不断强大，全球化的趋势不断加强的情况下，东西方的文化渐渐地融合在一起，本文又将东西方文化融合的一面展现出来，体现了现实意义和强大的社会价值。
关键字：电视文化平民化真实性悬念度The Joy Luck Club and Its CulturalTranslationAbstractThe Joy Luck Club is written by famous Chinese American writer Amy Tan in the end of 1980s. It is about the experience of four mothers immigrating from China and their four American born daughters living in the United States. This papermainly discusses the application of Mitchell’s Women’s Estate in The Joy Luck Club. Based on the position of women in society and family, writer thoroughly analyzesthe oppressionson women. The paper includes three chapters, theory of “Women’s Estate”, the position of women in The Joy Luck Club and consciousness-raising reflected in the Joy Luck Club. Accordingly, it is reveals that the oppressions given by men on women in families are inevitable, only can women have the ability to liberate themselves.Key Words: women; fa milies; oppressions; Mitchell’s“Women’s Estate”The Joy Luck Club and Its Cultural TranslationIntroductionThe Joy Luck Club develops 16 interrelated but independent stories : the gap between two generations as well as cultural differences in easter and western.Although written in English, it contains lots of Chinese elements, which relate to plenty of Chinese daily life. Although the daughters know some Chinese words and the mothers speak some English, communication often becomes a matter of translation, of words whose intended meaning and accepted meaning are in fact quite separate, leading to subtle misunderstandings.Throughout The Joy Luck Club, the various narrators meditate on their inability to translate concepts and sentiments from one culture to another.1.The Power of Storytelling1.1 Chinese elements in the narratives though written in English1.2 Possible reasons for using Chinese elements in the novel2.Interpretations of the symbols2.1 Suyuan’s Pendant2.2 Lena’s Vase2.3 Lindo’s Red Candle3. Major Characters of EachFamilyand Their Representation3.1 Jing-mei Woo3.2 Lindo Jong3.3 Rose Hsu3.4 Ying-ying St. ClairConclusionThe usage of Chinese elements in the novel is indispensible, for the language is closely interrelated to one culture. Despite the fact that they grow up overseas and are educated through western systems, their roots are Chinese. Interpreting the symbols, we can see the deep maternal wisdom and love of the mothers, the falling and shattering of mixed marriage and the use of tradition in claiming one’s own identity and power.The incomplete cultural understanding of both the mothers and the daughters owes to their incomplete knowledge of language. Additionally, the barriers that exist between the mothers and the daughters are often due to their inability to communicate with one another.Inconclusion, it shows the significant power of family on people's life.。
喜福会
• 霍尔认为, 在高语境文化中,人们有着类似的 经历和信息渠道。长期稳定的交流使人们 形成了对周围环境比较一致的反应。 • 因而,在处理大量日常事务时,他们往往不需 要、也不希望得到过多的背景知识。在交 谈中,无需过多的表达,双方就会心领神会,因 为共同的背景知识和想象空间会帮助听者 把说者含糊的意思拼凑起来。 • 在高语境文化中, 人们并不仅仅通过语言来 表达意思,手势、空间的运用,甚至沉默都可 以传递信息 , 他们认为“沉默比语言更有 力” 。
• 新一代华人子女因为生活在与父母截然不 同的文化环境里, 受着美国文化的熏陶, 平 时读的是英文书籍, 而非孔子的经典,往往在 思想上更倾向于接受美国文化与价值观。 • 然而, 无论华裔青年已经美国化到何种程度, 以白人为代表的主流社会依然把他们看作 是少数民族, 是中国人。这使得新生代的华 裔极易产生一种迷茫和身份危机:“我究竟是 谁?”
• 因此，在这种环境中成长起来的华裔第二 代，由于内外压力，他们认同的是宗主国 文化，而故国的文化则是他们需要超越的 对象，女儿们的最终结果就是: “事实上， 除了她的头发和皮肤是中国式的外表，她 的内部，全是美国制造的。” • 这也导致母女间的隔阂。在这一成长故事 中，母女间的交流障碍实质上体现的是两 种不同价值观的矛盾，女儿们不断试图超 越和弃绝以母亲为代表的东方遗产，从而 形成新的主体性。
• 华裔女作家任璧莲(Gish Jen)在一次接受采访中 谈道:“这种对身份的追求是非常美国化的。在中 国的人们不会探讨根的问题。你一旦开始思考身 为爱尔兰裔美国人、非洲裔美国人或华裔美国人 意味着什么时, 那你就是美国人了。” • 《喜福会》中女儿们一旦有了想做中国人的迫切 愿望,这便表明她们已经非常美国化了,不再是中国 人。” • 既然她们已经是美国人了 ,便不用担心被中国文化 同化。她们渴求具有一定的中国气质 ,在某种程度 上也反映了美国人对异域文化的向往。
喜福会作者谭恩美英文简介[资料]
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Amy T an (Chinese: 譚恩美; born February 19, 1952) is a Chinese American writer whose works explore mother-daughter relationships. In 1993, Tan's adaptation of her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, became a commercially successful film. The book has been translated into 35 languages.Tan has written several other bestselling novels, including The Kitchen God's Wife, The Hundred Secret Senses, The Bonesetter's Daughter and Saving Fish From Drowning. She also wrote a collection of non-fiction essays entitled The Opposite of Fate: A Book of Musings. Her most recent novel Saving Fish From Drowning explores the tribulations experienced by a group of people who disappear while on an art expedition in the jungles of Burma. In addition to these, Tan has written two children's books: The Moon Lady (1992) and Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat (1994), which was turned into an animated series airing on PBS. She also appeared on PBS in a short spot encouraging children to write.Personal lifeAmy Tan was born in Oakland, California to Chinese immigrants John Tan, an electrical engineer and Baptist minister, and Daisy, who was forced to leave her three daughters from a previous marriage behind in Shanghai. This incident provided the basis for Tan's first novel, 1989 New York Times bestseller The Joy Luck Club.[1]Amy is the middle child and only daughter among Daisy and John Tan's three children. In the late 1960s Amy's sixteen-year-old brother Peter died of a brain tumor. Within a year of Peter's death, Amy's father died of the same disease. After these family tragedies, Daisy moved Amy and her younger brother John Jr. to Switzerland, where Amy finished high school.[2] During this period, Amy learned about her mother's former marriage to an abusive man in China, and of their four children, including three daughters and a son who died as a toddler. In 1987 Amy traveled with Daisy to China. There, Amy finally met her three half-sisters.[3]Tan received her bachelor's and master's degrees in English and linguistics from San José State University, and later did doctoral linguistics studies at UC Santa Cruz and UC Berkeley.[4]She resides in Sausalito, California with her husband, Louis DeMattei, a lawyer whom she met on a blind date and married in 1974.Tan is a member of the Rock Bottom Remainders, a rock band consisting of published writers, including Barbara Kingsolver, Matt Groening, Dave Barry, Kathi Kamen Goldmark, Sam Barry (Author), and Stephen King, among others.[5]The Joy Luck Club (1989) is a best-selling novel written by Amy Tan. It focuses on four Chinese American immigrant families in San Francisco, California who start a club known as "the Joy Luck Club," playing the Chinese game of mahjong for money while feasting on a variety of foods. The book is structured somewhat like a mahjong game, with four parts divided into four sections to create sixteen chapters. The three mothers and four daughters (one mother, Suyuan Woo, dies before the novel opens) share stories about their lives in the form of vignettes. Each part is preceded by a parable relating to the game.In 1993, the novel was adapted into a feature film directed by Wayne Wang. The screenplay was written by the author Amy Tan along with Ronald Bass. The novel was also adapted into a play which premiered at Pan Asian Repertory Theatre in New York.Sagwa is the name of a cat in the children's book Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat by author Amy Tan. Sagwa's popularity with children prompted an educational animated series of the same name on PBS Kids. In the series, which is set circa 1900 during the Qing Dynasty, Sagwa has fun in her day-to-day life while learning and teaching valuable life lessons. Theshow is notable for its setting and messages about familial obligations and loyalty.。
浅析《喜福会》中的中美文化差异.
浅析《喜福会》中的中美文化差异.浅析《喜福会》中母女关系折射出的中美文化差异摘要：本文通过对谭恩美《喜福会》中母女关系的分析，分别从语言差异、主客礼仪差异、思维差异和孝道文化差异四个方面来阐述母女间冲突产生的原因。
小说中母女间的矛盾、冲突一直存在，直到女儿们到了为人母的年纪，母女间的关系才慢慢走向缓和融洽。
所谓文化有国界但爱无国界。
理解、真诚和爱是化解文化差异最好的良方。
关键词：母女关系文化差异冲突融洽Analysis of The Joy Luck Club in the mother-daughter relationships reflects the Sino-US cultural differencesTANG Xian(School of foreign languages，Kunming University，YunnanKunming650214 ，China )Abstract: Based on Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club the essay analyses the causes of the conflict between mother and daughter. Respectively, in four aspects from the differences of language, differences of hosts and guests etiquette, differences of way of thinking and differences of filial piety. The conflicts between mother and daughter has always existed, until the daughters have grown up to the age of be mothers , the relationship between them is slowly becoming in harmony. As the proverb goes cultures have borders but love without borders. Understanding, sincerity and love are the best remedy to resolve the cultural differences.Keywords: mother-daughter relationships; cultural differences; conflicts ; harmony《喜福会》作为美国华裔女作家谭恩美的代表作，1989年一经出版，便在《纽约时报》上连续九个月成为销量冠军。
《喜福会》母爱主题的诠释
安徽大学硕士学位论文《喜福会》母爱主题的诠释姓名：吕水华申请学位级别：硕士专业：英语语言文学指导教师：许庆红2010-04摘要谭恩美是当今美国文坛一位杰出的美籍华裔作家。
1989年，她的处女作《喜福会》一经推出，便在美国主流社会引起强烈反响，获得包括“全美图书奖”和“海湾地区小说评论奖”在内的多个奖项。
小说呈现给读者的是四位中国移民母亲与她们在美国长大的女儿之间的故事。
由于语言、价值观、文化传统等不同，母女关系充满着矜持与冲突。
正是《喜福会》中母亲给予女儿们无微不至的母爱，在她们与女儿的文化差异和冲突之间建立起沟通的桥梁，使得女儿们理解了她们的母亲及其代表的中国文化，最终实现了母女关系的融合。
《喜福会》中以包容、沟通与信任为特征的母爱不仅体现了中国文化的精髓, 更重要的是母爱成为连接母女乃至中美两国文化的桥梁。
谭恩美笔下的母爱主题有着深刻的喻意，它不仅折射着东西方文化互相碰撞、沟通和交融的历史，也预示着在全球化时期不同的国家、民族和文化相互共存应具有的精神。
母爱是小说《喜福会》最重要的主题之一，领会其含义对于更加透彻地理解小说的深刻内涵和作者的创作思想会有很大的帮助。
本文共分五章。
引言部分介绍谭恩美的生平和创作，概括《喜福会》的故事情节和研究现状，阐释了本文的研究意义、研究方法以及篇章结构。
第二章解析了中国母女关系以及四位移民母亲与她们的美国女儿之间的文化冲突。
第三章从反东方主义视角，对小说中母爱这一主题做了全面诠释。
喜福会母亲们都表现出了坚强的形象。
这一部分还深入剖析了母亲叙述自身经历中所传递出来的母爱，并阐释了中国式母爱的特点。
第四章进一步突出、升华小说中的母爱主题。
母爱，使母女关系实现了融合。
最后得出结论：母女关系背后的不同文化背景引起她们之间的冲突。
然而，这些冲突揭示了爱的本质。
正是母爱的力量，让她们跨越了文化障碍，构建了文化沟通的桥梁，并重塑和谐的母女关系。
关键词：《喜福会》；冲突；融合；母爱AbstractAmy Tan，an outstanding Chinese American writer in the contemporary American literary world, has drawn considerable attention from mainstream critics at home and abroad. After its publication in 1989, her first novel The Joy Luck Club won her several prestigious awards including the National Book Award for Fiction and the Bay Area Book Reviewers Award.The Joy Luck Club presents the stories of four Chinese-immigrant women and their American-born daughters. Due to the differences of languages, values and heritages, the mother-daughter relationship is always of tension. It is the maternal love the Joy Luck Club mothers extend to their daughters that builds a bridge over the cultural differences and conflicts between them and their daughters and finally makes their daughters understand them and the Chinese culture that they represent. In this sense, the maternal love featured by tolerance, communication and trust not only symbolizes the essence of Chinese culture, but more importantly serves as a bridge connecting the mothers and daughters, and connecting the cultures of the two countries. In Tan's writing, the maternal love conveys profound implication, reflecting the confrontations, communication and convergence of American and Chinese cultures. The maternal love also represents the spirit that different races, nations, and cultures ought to possess in the era of globalization.In the novel The Joy Luck Club, maternal love is one of the most important themes. It is significant for us to grasp the implications of maternal love, which can help us better examine the profound connotations of the novel and the writing intention of the writer.The thesis consists of five chapters. The introductory part gives a brief account of Tan’s life, career and a review of the criticism on The Joy Luck Club. It also provides a glimpse into the organization of the paper and states its objective and significance. Chapter Two elaborates on the conflicting mother-daughter relationship in the United States, which is complicated by the mother-daughter relationship inChina. It presents in details the cultural conflicts behind the mother-daughter relationship from three aspects: conflicts in different languages, conflicts in different values and conflicts in different heritages. Chapter Three gives a full interpretation to the theme of the maternal love in the novel from the perspective of anti-Orientalism. The Joy Luck Club mothers all show a strong image. This part also gives an in-depth analysis of the maternal love expressed through the mothers’ relating to their own experience and presents the characteristics of Chinese-style maternal love. Chapter Four further highlights and sublimes the theme of maternal love in the novel. Through maternal love, the Joy Luck Club Mothers and their daughters find the way of reconciliation. Based upon the analyses in the foregoing chapters, this thesis comes to a conclusion in Chapter Five that the different cultural backgrounds behind the mother-daughter relationship are the cause of their conflicts. However, these conflicts reveal the very essence of love. It is maternal love that conquers the cultural conflicts, and builds the bridge of cultural understanding and reconstructs the harmonious mother-daughter relationship.Key Words: The Joy Luck Club; conflict; reconciliation; maternal loveAcknowledgementsMy Study in the School of Foreign Languages of Anhui University for the master’s degree is an experience of being enlightened by learned experts and scholars in linguistics and literature fields. It is their significant lectures that pave a solid theoretical basis for my research, and it is their constant inspiration that helps me to go on well with my research project. In particular, I would like to extend my thanks to Professor Zhou Fangzhu, Professor Chen Zhengfa, Professor Zhu Yue, Professor Hong Zengliu, Professor Hu Jian, Professor Yang Ling, Professor Chen Bin, Professor Zhan Quanwang and Professor Qi Tao.For this study I have relied upon IVY BOOKS’ paper edition of The Joy Luck Club, and the outstanding work of many Amy Tan critics at home and abroad, such as Professor Chen Aimin, Professor Cheng Aimin, Wendy Ho, Huntley, E. D, Heung, Marina, Kaplan, E. Ann, Mountain, Chandra Tyler, Patricia L. Hamilton. For the references collected, I’d also like to give my thanks to the library staff of Anhui Xinhua University and that of Anhui University, who extend their full cooperation to me whenever necessary.My indebtedness is due particularly to my supervisor, Professor Xu Qinghong, whose vast knowledge, penetrating insight, excellent judgment, persisting patience, and readiness to help have been a source of strength, courage and inspiration to me, without which my research thesis would not have been possible.Last but not the least, I owe great gratitude to my wife who has always been there with me, appreciating my work and providing constructive proposals, and to my baby, who has been a source of drive and motivation for me to go on whenever I am frustrated by some difficulties in the course of writing.Chapter I IntroductionChapter I Introduction1.1 Introduction to Amy Tan and The Joy Luck ClubIn 1952, Amy Tan was born in Oakland, California. In 1949, her parents left China and settled in the United States. When she was fourteen, her father and one of her brothers died of brain tumors, which left a shadow upon her sentimental heart for a long time. In 1968, she and her other brother went to Switzerland together with their mother, and she completed high school there. Then her family went back to California in the following year. Going on with her study at San Jose State University. Amy Tan achieved a Bachelor Degree of Arts in English and linguistics in 1973, and further on a Master Degree of Arts in linguistics in 1974.It is amazing that only a few years later she published The Joy Luck Club, which immediately became one of the highly acclaimed novels, and made a good beginning for her literary career. The book has been published in twenty kinds of languages.Her first book, The Joy Luck Club (1989), won the Bay Area Book Reviewers award for best book of fiction and the American Library Association award for best book for young adults, and she won the L.A. Times Book Award and the National Book Award in 1989. And in 1993 the novel was made into a Hollywood film,.Her second novel, The Kitchen God's Wife (1991), elaborates on the theme of cultural conflicts. This book was also so warmly welcome that some reviewers even assert that it is superior to its predecessor.Her third novel, The Hundred Secret Senses (1993), presents the conflicting cultures in a relationship of half-sisters. One comes from China and the other is an American child of an American mother and a Chinese father.The Moon Lady and The Chinese Siamese Cat are two attractive stories for children,. The Bone Setter's Daughter, was published in 2001.Her latest novel, Saving Fish from Drowning, was published in 2005.Amy Tan is good at interweaving the conflicts between two cultures, twoThe interpretation of the theme of maternal love in the joy luck clublanguages and two generations with Chinese folklore, fairy-tales, etc., and narrating marvelous stories switching over between the past and the present, east and west, fiction and nonfiction. Lyrical as her style is, her stories are extraordinarily fascinating.Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club is a series of stories about Chinese-American mothers and their American-born daughters. The Joy Luck Club was set up in 1949, where four young Chinese women met regularly to play mahjong, to have dinner, and by sharing their stories, keeping in contact with the lives left behind in China mainland. When Suyuan, one of the four women, dies suddenly, her completely Americanized young daughter is persuaded to take her place in the club and finally make a trip to China to meet her twin sisters, whom Suyuan was obliged to abandon many years ago in the chaos of a mass flight from the invasion of Japanese army. The story sections are divided into four parts, each with mothers telling two stories, which are mostly related to their past life in pre-1949 China, and each daughters telling two stories, one about her life of growing up and one about her family’s current situation. The exception to this pattern is Jing-mei Woo, the daughter of the founder of the Joy Luck Club, who narrates a story in each of the four sections and who adds additional continuity by narrating the first and last section. All the separate sections are monologues of the mothers or the daughters. Readers are entitled to understand the stance of both mothers and daughters, and realize the existence of communication obstacles. With the touching scene of three daughters, crying out "mama" together in China, Tan not only invites the reader to share heartfelt sorrow and grief, human imperfectness and fate's uncertainties, but shows us that a life can embrace all dreams as well. The Joy Luck Club arouses readers' interest in Chinese American literature much stronger than the works itself.1.2 Literature ReviewThe Joy Luck Club, a representative work of Chinese American literature, has greatly interested both readers and critics, but it has always been controversial in theChapter I Introductioneyes of critics. First, Amy Tan has received wide critical acclaim for the book. Novelist Carolyn See writes, “The Joy Luck Club is dazzling because of the worlds it gave us.…The only negative thing I could ever say about this book is that I will never again be able to read it for the first time” (Huntley 12). Critic Orville Schell calls the novel "a jewel of a book" , having "a wonderful eye for what is telling, a fine ear for dialogue, a deep empathy for her subject matter, and a guilelessly straightforward way of writing" (qtd. in Huntley 12). Some critics think that The Joy Luck Club creates a new literary style of Asian-American cross-cultural work by joining the family narratives of the plays of David Henry Hwang and Maxine Hong Kingston. For those critics who are not positive about the novel, they also find some praiseworthy elements in it. Rhoda Koenig says, The Joy Luck Club “is not terribly deep…One can not help being charmed by the sharpness of observation, the mixture of familiarity of Tan's themes” (Huntley 12).Chinese critics began studies on The Joy Luck Club in 1994. Zhang Xiang-hua published My View on The Joy Luck Club from the Angle of the Chinese Community in U.S.A. in the Journal of Social Science (Issue 5, 1994), which presents us the life of American Chinese in America, their happiness, anger, grief and joy and how they fight against the assimilation. Afterwards, the study on The Joy Luck Club began to flourish in China. In terms of theme, some scholars explore the cultural conflicts; some probe into the issue of identity represented in the novel; some focus their attention on Tan's depiction of Chinese culture; some take an interest in the mother-daughter relationship. With respect to perspectives, a variety of them have been taken to examine this novel. Some critics adopt cultural criticism to evaluate the novel, some take feminist approach, some examine it from the deconstruction point of view, and some others from postcolonial perspective. Most of the studies concentrate on mother-daughter relationship in the book. For example, Zhang Ziqing published the book "Sino-America Cultural Exchange in Chinese American Literature" in Foreign Literature Review in 1996, in which he comments on the conflicts between mothers and American-born daughters due to the generation gap and West-ChinaThe interpretation of the theme of maternal love in the joy luck clubdifferences. What is more, Zhang Ziqing holds the opinion that such conflicts would end in conciliation although it starts in sharp confrontation. Shi Pingping studies the theme of mother-daughter relationship in The Joy Luck Club, makes a detailed analysis to the conflict and final conciliation between the mothers and the daughters in her The Mother-Daughter Relationship and the Politics of Gender and Race (2004). Some critics concentrate on the west-east cultural conflict in the novel. For example, Cui Wansheng, in his article "A Brief Introduction to and Comment on the Chinese American Writer Amy Tan" (1997), holds that the conflicts between the mothers and the daughters are caused by the difference between Western culture and Eastern culture. Zhang Ruihua, in his paper “A Cultural Critique of Amy Tan's Novel” (2001) makes an analysis to the ethnic and female Other. From the perspective of cultural studies, Chinese American women are trapped in the double Other position. In 2001， the article "Clashes and Acculturation between Chinese Culture and American Culture: A Cultural Reading of The Joy Luck Club from the Language and Cultural Perspectives" by Cheng Aimin and Zhang Ruihua in Foreign Literature, explores how Amy Tan displayed the conflicts, collision, and convergence between the different cultures. Chinese cultural elements in the novel is another theme some critics explore, and some of them comments critically on Amy Tan's giving Westerners a false image of Chinese culture in The Joy Luck Club. One typical representative is "China and the Chinese in Fiction and Cinema" (1999) by Wang Meng.There is no doubt that the mainstream white critics attach much attention to The Joy Luck Club, but some of them hold that the novel presents a tempting, mystic, and romanticized Old China or an exoticism Other.In the meantime, it is quite interesting to note that The Joy Luck Club has received a bombardment of criticisms from Asian American male critics. Some Asian American male critics (such as Frank Chin, Jeffery Chan) don’t accept the Chinese cultural character and Chinese American heritage, while many white American critics are impressed by the inscrutable, exotic, and mysterious China or Chinese describedChapter I Introductionin the book. According to Frank Chin, "The China and Chinese Americans portrayed in her novel are the products of white racists’ imagination, not fact, not Chinese culture, and not Chinese or Chinese American literature”. In contrast, a lot of Chinese American female intellectuals and Chinese critics hold more objective and more favorable comments on The Joy Luck Club. They claim that The Joy Luck Club can be regarded as the marginal literature. They also discern Amy Tan and other Chinese American writers' ceaseless efforts in expecting that the conflicts between generations can be negotiated, and that the new generation of Chinese Americans can integrate both Chinese and American cultures through learning from each other's advantages and offsetting one’s patriarchal conceptions.We can see, in the previous studies on The Joy Luck Club that up until now, there has not been a systematic research work about the maternal love in the novel. This thesis intends to explore systematically the theme of maternal love on the part of the Joy Luck Club mothers from the perspective of anti-Orientalism.1.3 Central Argument and Overview of the ThesisThe mothers want to tell their daughters the lessons from their own miserable experience in China. Their daughters are born in the United States and brought up in American mainstream culture. Therefore, the daughters take a bias against them and the Chinese culture. They think American culture is superior to Chinese culture. Conflicts between immigrant mothers are very common in non-European immigrant families. Many critics put much attention to the mother-daughter relationship. Many more study the conflicts between mothers and daughters. But most articles only study the conflict itself and fail to explore the cause and solution to the conflict. This thesis attempts to make a study of the maternal love to find the key to their conquering the conflicts and realizing reconciliation.It is significant for us to grasp the implication of maternal love, which can help us examine the profound implication of the novel and the writing intention of the writer.The interpretation of the theme of maternal love in the joy luck clubThe thesis consists of five parts. The first part gives a brief account of Tan’s life, career and a survey of the criticism on The Joy Luck Club. It also provides a glimpse into the organization of the paper and states its objective and significance. Chapter Two elaborates on the conflicting mother-daughter relationship. It also analyzes the cultural conflicts behind the mother-daughter relationship from three aspects. Grown up in different cultural background, they do not share the same language, the same value and the same heritage. Chapter Three gives a full interpretation to the theme of the maternal love in the novel from the perspective of anti-Orientalism. The Joy Luck mothers all show a strong image. This part also gives an in-depth analysis of the maternal love expressed through the mothers’ relating to their experience and presents the characteristics of Chinese-style maternal love. Chapter Four further highlights and sublimes the theme of maternal love in the novel. Through maternal love, the Joy Luck Club mothers and their daughters find their way of reconciliation of the mother-daughter relationship. Based upon the analyzes in the foregoing chapters, this thesis comes to conclusion in Chapter Five that the different cultural backgrounds behind the mother-daughter relationship are the cause of their conflicts. However, these conflicts reveal the very essence of love. It is maternal love that conquers the cultural gap, and builds the bridge of cultural understanding and reconstructs the harmonious mother-daughter relationship.Chapter ⅡCultural Conflicts Behind the Mother-Daughter RelationshipChapter ⅡCultural Conflicts Behind the Mother-Daughter Relationship2.1 The Relationship between Mothers and DaughtersThe Joy Luck Club presents to us the mother-daughter relationship in a Chinese American society. From the stories told by the mothers, we can see easily that their own mothers influence all their life. The broader circumstances between China and the United States make the mother-daughter interactions more complex.2.1.1 The Relationship between the Joy Luck Club Mothers and Their Mothers in ChinaThe Joy Luck Club tells us in a lively way about the mother-daughter relationship in a Chinese American society. The Joy Luck mothers are deeply influenced by their own mothers in China. In order to help the readers understand the specific mother-daughter relationship in the Chinese American Society, the book also exposes the relationship between the immigrant mothers and their own mothers in China. Through the memory of the Joy Luck Club mothers, all of us get to know their past stories and hard experiences.A patriarchal Confucian social system used to affect seriously mother-daughter relationship in China. According to Confucian ethics, an ideal woman is supposed to abide by the teaching of Three Obediences and Four Virtues: obedience to her father before marriage, obedience to her husband after marriage, and obedience to her son after the death of her husband; morality, proper speech, modest manner and diligent work.The mothers were heavily influenced by the traditional Chinese morals. According to the old Chinese ideas, women are supposed to be obedient to the elders, to all the men in the family and in the society. Between the mothers and daughters of the older generation, there is much communication and tolerance. The daughters acquire the lessons and experiences on how to survive successfully and peacefully inThe interpretation of the theme of maternal love in the joy luck clubthis society through their communication. In the story of A Red Candle, Lindo Jong was engaged to the Huangs, while she understood that it was not because her mother did not love her that her mother treated her this way.Lindo always hopes to live up to her parents’ hope and bring reputation and honor to her family. After her home was flooded, Lindo Jong was sent to her future husband’s house. Lindo knew that she was supposed to be a good wife and never bring disgrace to her family. So she sacrificed herself for the others. In the new home, although she was treated as a handmaiden, Lindo still resolutely made up her mind to honor her parents’ words so that Huang Taitai had no opportunity to accuse her mother of losing face.She understood the Confucian ethics imposed upon women, and she silently put up with all the unhappiness and sufferings for many years, because she did not want to bring any shame to her family.Mothers are grown up under the Chinese patriarchal system, and out of love, they are very strict wih their daughters. For example, An-mei’s grandmother expels her own daughter and instructs her granddaughter to grow up as “good daughter”. Here the grandmother imparted her grandchildren the severe lessons of survival within the traditional Chinese culture. To be obedient daughters, wives, mothers and women is what the mothers expect their daughters.Mothers are always ready to sacrifice themselves for their children or parents out of love. An-mei’s mother hopes to cure her mother by cutting down her own flesh and putting it into her mother’s soup. To ensure her daughter’s status and future happiness in the house, An-mei’s mother even committed suicide.In the older generation, the mothers and daughters share the same cultural background, which is very important in building up their relationship with obedience and empathy.2.1.2 The Relationship between the Joy Luck Club Mothers and Their American Born DaughtersChinese mothers express their affection in silent way, different from the western tradition, in which mothers show their love for their daughters through verbalChapter ⅡCultural Conflicts Behind the Mother-Daughter Relationshipexpression or by hugging or kissing. Suyuan Woo in The Joy Luck Club is a typical example of the Joy Luck mothers.Suyuan puts high hopes on her daughter and believes that her daughter can be a "prodigy". When Jing-mei is very young, she encourages her to learn piano and does her best to create condition for Jing-mei to practice it. Here Suyuan shows her love for her daughter in the traditional Chinese way: hoping her children will have a bright future.We can see her profound love through some daily details. For instance, there is a scene in the novel when she eats crabs with her family.“And my mother... gave the one that looked the best to Old Chong, because he was nearly ninety and deserved that kind of respect, and then she picked another good one for my father. That left two on the latter: a large crab with a faded orange color, and number eleven, which had the torn-off leg. “My mother shook the platter in front of me. `Take it, already cold,’ said my mother. I was not too fond of crab, ever since I saw my birthday crab boiled alive, but I knew 1 could not refuse." (The Joy Luck Club:227)Jingmei has come to be aware how the Chinese mothers extend maternal love to their children."That is the way Chinese mothers show they love their children, not through hugs and kisses but with stern offerings of steamed dumplings, duck's gizzards, and crab." (Joy Luck Club: 227) and the mother insists that her daughter eat the big crab when her daughter chooses the crab with the missing leg —"No! No! Big one, you eat it. 1 cannot finish." (The Joy Luck Club: 227) Through her words, the mother’s personality speaks out itself that she holds others prior to herself and we can sense her deep love for her family. Though knowing that eating the crab with the missing leg could bring bad luck, Suyuan, the mother, does not give it to her husband and her daughter. Instead, she keeps it to herself. There is another characteristic common to the Chinese mothers which makes them stand out among other mother figures throughout the world —the Chinese mothers tend to be very strict and evenThe interpretation of the theme of maternal love in the joy luck clubintolerant towards their daughters’mistakes. For example, when the Chinese daughters have done something wrong, the mothers will criticize them harshly instead of encouraging them to do better the next time. However, the criticism means nothing but the tough love towards their daughters since the mothers have very high expectations of their daughters. They just reserve their true emotions beneath their feigned harshness.While the mother-daughter relationship in Tan's works always seems to be of tension, the fact that the Chinese way of expressing love is unacceptable to the Americanized daughter. But the root lies in the linguistic and cultural barrier that exists between the immigrant mother and her American-born daughter, besides the universal generational conflicts. As the mothers sail to America, they dream of raising their daughters amid the plentiful opportunities of the new country. But although they desire to live out their hopes through their daughters, the lack of communication between them prevents their wish from being fulfilled, since they cannot speak "perfect American English". Even if the mothers were to learn that, they would never be able to translate fully the nuances of their story. As the stories of The Joy Luck Club demonstrate, since the Chinese culture are different from American culture, learning simple vocabulary words is not sufficient for conveying the full meaning of stories. In fact, the language gap creates a lot of trouble in many more aspects of life. As for the daughters, they have never known the sorrows that their mothers experienced in China, hence cannot appreciate the good fortune. Their assimilation into the mainstream culture is at the expense of the rejection of their own mother's culture. As they eagerly embrace everything American, they find their Chinese mother unacceptable everyway: clothing, cooking, way of speaking and instructing. Along with their adolescent rebellion, they become impatient at whatever their mothers tell them. The lack of communication leads to alienation between mother and daughter and causes a sense of desire for both sides. The readers gradually realize, as each story moves on, that this "fraught with tension but loving" relationship overwhelmingly ends with the reconciliation of mother and daughter. On the oneChapter ⅡCultural Conflicts Behind the Mother-Daughter Relationshiphand, the mothers patiently explain their attitudes to their daughters hoping that their daughters understand their ways of doing things by telling them the stories. On the other hand, as the daughters become gradually mature to sense the two different cultures, they judge things more objectively. After years of imbalance, the American daughters ultimately share a balance between Chinese ancestry and American circumstances.2.2 Cultural Conflicts behind the Mother-daughter RelationshipAmy Tan presents vividly before us several types of conflicts between different cultures, languages, and generations by arranging stories craftily, guiding us to travel through the past and present in eastern and western cultures. While analyzing the conflicts between the mothers and the daughters, we can come to conclusion that the different cultural backgrounds play an important role in these conflicts. In The Joy Luck Club, the Chinese immigrated mothers were born and grew up in China. For this reason, it is natural that they have been influenced by Chinese culture. On the contrary, born and brought up in America, the daughters are deeply influenced by American culture. In this way, the cultural background behind the mothers and the daughters are different, which causes fierce conflicts between them. Generally, the cultural conflicts between the mothers and daughters fall into three categories: the conflict of languages, the conflict of value orientations, and conflict of religious beliefs.2.2.1 Conflicts in Different LanguagesLanguage is a spokesman of its cultural background. Living in a different context, it is impossible to be integrated into the culture if the immigrants can not speak its language. Changes in living style and different language lead to the immigrants’ anxiety and alienation in expression of thoughts. Through different types of expressions like monologue, dialogue, talk-stories and narration, language plays an important role in weaving a bond between different cultures and races.The Joy Luck Club mothers grew up and were educated in their motherland,。
解析《喜福会》中母女关系的冲突折射出的中美文化差异
解析《喜福会》中母女关系的冲突折射出的中美文化差异摘要: 美国华裔女作家谭恩美(Amy Tan)的小说《喜福会》(The Joy Luck Club,1989)一发表,立即获得巨大成功。
小说讲述了四个美籍华人家庭母女两代人的故事。
母亲们在旧中国受尽磨难,最终迫不得已远离故土赴美国以求生存,女儿们则生在美国,在美国文化与教育熏陶下成长,分别代表中国和美国文化的母亲女儿两代人之间相互冲突、相互融合的心灵历程。
本文通过对四对母女间的误解、冲突到沟通、理解的分析,它就像一面镜子,折射出中美两种文化的矛盾与对立是冲突的主因,以及诠释出中美文化由隔阂到交流和融合的可能性和必然性。
关键词: 母女关系折射文化差异1 引言谭恩美是“土生土长”的美国人,血管里却流着中国人的血,美国的根源性让她不仅对美国文化有着切身的体会,父母生活习性的中国味道也让她对中国传统文化有着深刻的了解。
独特的出身和经历赋予了她作品的独特视角和风格。
“1949年谭恩美的父母从中国移民到旧金山。
1952年谭恩美出生于美国加州的奥克兰。
谭恩美的童年生活充满阴霾,对母亲所知甚少,难以理解母亲。
因此,母女俩一直处于矛盾冲突中,直到她于1987年陪着母亲来到中国,她终于理解了母亲,明白自己是美国人,也是中国人。
”[3]2 两种文化价值观的冲突——中美文化的隔阂2.1文化的冲突壳层小说中,随着对这四位女儿成长的描写,展示了四对母女间的代沟与文化隔阂。
例如:韦弗利获得全国象棋冠军后,她妈妈喜欢到处炫耀,自己也跟着出名。
女儿看不惯这一套,抗议道:“为什么您总是用我来炫耀呢?您想出名,自己学下棋好了。
” [2]母亲们望女成凤,把自己年轻时的遗憾用最美好的希望寄托在女儿们身上,无形中给女儿们施加了更大的压力。
女儿成名了,母凭女贵,当妈的自然高兴。
可是小说中女儿们崇尚的是美国精神中的“个人奋斗”。
她们认为自己的成功纯粹是自己努力的结果,与父母无关。
韦弗利对母亲行为的反感使她最终放弃了下棋。
不做沉默的羔羊
不做沉默的羔羊摘要：华裔文学一直因其独特的文化视角而备受关注。
美籍华裔女作家谭恩美的处女作《喜福会》讲述了两代华裔女性母女之间的冲突和融合。
本文着重分析第二代华裔女儿在美国的生存状况，透视她们如何在母亲的帮助下打破男性权威的桎梏，正确认识自己的族裔身份。
美籍华裔女作家谭恩美( Amy Tan) 1989 年出版了其处女作《喜福会》(The Joy Luck Club )。
她是继汤亭亭( Maxine Hong Kingston )之后的美国华裔文坛上的又一颗新星。
小说一经发表就受到美国社会的广泛好评，销售27 万册，雄踞《纽约时报》畅销书榜首长达9个月。
同时，《喜福会》还获得了包括“全美图书奖”、“全美图书评论奖”在内的多个奖项。
1993 年，美籍华裔导演王颖(Wayne Wang 將小说拍成同名电影，邀请华裔演员加盟演出，获得了巨大成功。
就在同一年，由韩裔美国人金•苏珊(Susan Kim)改编的戏剧也在中美两国多个城市上演。
小说的巨大成功吸引了国内外学者的广泛关注。
有人认为小说的成功在于“谭恩美在主题上延续了华裔作家特别是汤亭亭的传统, 描绘了母女两代人所代表的两种文化间相互冲突、相互融合的心灵历程，展现了东西方文化交流的进程”①。
也有人认为“《喜福会》充分满足了西方读者对古老、神秘、浪漫、富于异国情调的东方的好奇心。
故事中心狠手辣的男人和温柔善良、对男性与长辈言听计从的女性无不迎合了西方人民族主义的口味”②。
本文拟对《喜福会》华裔女儿的形象进行分析，探寻处于夹缝状态中的华裔第二代人的生存之道。
一、性别歧视下华裔女儿们的不幸婚姻古往今来，女性一直处于“弱者”的边缘地位。
这种边缘地位具体反映在女性无论在工作中还是在生活中都受到男性权威的压迫。
在号称民主平等的美国社会，性别歧视以一种隐蔽的方式呈现出来。
于是，处于以男权为中心的文化包围中的女性便不自觉地表现出对男性的崇拜和仰望。
《喜福会》的女儿们同样也逃脱不了女性弱者定式思维的影响。
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• Ted talk • Where does creativity hide?
The Joy Luck Club
• The Joy Luck Club is a 1989 novel written by Amy Tan.
• It focuses on four Chinese American immigrant families in San Francisco who start a club known as The Joy Luck Club, playing the Chinese game of mahjong.
• Four sections and sixteen chapters.
Characters
• Mother • Su-yuan Woo 吴素云
• Daughter • Jing-Mei Woo 吴精妹 June
• Thank you
Amy Tan & The Joy Luck Club
Amy Tan
Born February 19, 1952 Explore mother-daughter relationships and the ChineseAmerican experience. The Kitchen God’s Wife, The Hundred Secret Senses, The Bonesetter’s Daughter, Saving Fish from Drowning and The Valley of Amazement. She also wrote a collection of non-fiction essays entitled The Opposite of Fate: A Book of Musings.
• Moral ambiguity • Buddhist fisherman says. • Way of rationalizing that is they are saving the fish from drowning.
Personal life
• born in Oakland, California. • When Tan was 15 years old, her older brother Peter and father both died of brain tumors within eight months of each other. • Move to Switzerland,
Writing style
• controversy
rockbottomremainders
• www.rockbottomremainders. com
• Q. What chords does the band know? A. "E." and "A." Q. What kind of songs does the band play? A. Mainly songs that use the chords "E." and "A." • Q. How often does the band practice? A. Practice?