TerminologyinFlight
模拟飞机降落过程中的眼动和认知研究(英文)
模拟飞机降落过程中的眼动和认知研究(英文)
柳忠起;袁修干;刘伟;王睿
【期刊名称】《航天医学与医学工程》
【年(卷),期】2002(15)5
【摘要】目的对眼睛运动规律和大脑认知进行实验分析 ,研究被试者的注意力分配特点。
方法通过模拟飞机的降落过程 ,用眼动测量设备采集眼动数据并对眼动数据进行分析。
结果实验得到的眼动数据表明 ,被试者的注意力主要集中在飞机平显上的 3个目标兴趣区域 ,被试者主要在目标兴趣区域之间进行视觉活动、分配和转换注意力。
结论被试者主要利用由上到下 (top down)的认知机制驱动眼动 ,分配注意力。
【总页数】2页(P379-380)
【关键词】飞机降落;工效学;眼动;注意力;情景意识
【作者】柳忠起;袁修干;刘伟;王睿
【作者单位】北京航空航天大学飞行器设计与应用力学系
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】R857.1
【相关文献】
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3.利用眼动技术提高英文阅读认知水平的实证研究 [J], 徐宁骏
4.偶然情绪在驾驶决策认知加工过程中的眼动研究 [J], 梁超;陈晓晨;乔春玲
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航空缩英语略语
非侵入区（No-transgression zone）
NIL*
无或无可发送（None or I have nothing to send you)
NOTAM*
航行通告（Notice to Airman, i.e. A notice containing information concerning the establishment, condition or change in any aeronautical facility, service procedure or hazard, the timely knowledge of which is essential to personnel concerned with flight operations)
AOR
责任区（Area of reቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱponsibility)
ATC
空中交通管制（Air traffic control)
ATD
实际离场时间（Actual time of departure)
ATIS*
自动终端情报服务（Automatic terminal information service)
ATS
TCAS或ACAS*
机载防撞系统（Traffic alert and collision avoidance system/Airborne collision avoidance system）
TAF*
机场预报（Aerodrome forecast）
TMA
终端管制区（Terminal control area）
SELCAL*
选择呼叫（A system which permits the selective calling of individual aircraft over radiotelephone channels linking a ground station with the aircraft）
飞行技术专业英语
飞行技术专业英语Aircraft (飞机):Fixed-wing aircraft (固定翼飞机) Rotorcraft (旋翼机)Jet aircraft (喷气式飞机)Propeller aircraft (螺旋桨飞机)Flight Operations (飞行操作):Takeoff (起飞)Landing (着陆)Cruise (巡航)Climb (爬升)Descent (下降)Trim (配平)Autopilot (自动驾驶仪)Aviation Principles (航空原理):Lift (升力)Drag (阻力)Weight (重量)Thrust (推力)Bernoulli's Principle (伯努利原理) Newton's Laws of Motion (牛顿运动定律) Aircraft Systems (飞机系统):Flight Control System (飞行控制系统) Navigation System (导航系统) Communication System (通信系统) Engine (发动机)Fuel System (燃油系统)Hydraulic System (液压系统) Electrical System (电气系统) Navigation (导航):GPS (全球定位系统)Radar (雷达)VOR (甚高频全向信标)DME (距离测量设备)ILS (仪表着陆系统)Meteorology (气象):Wind (风)Turbulence (湍流)Icing (结冰)Thunderstorm (雷暴)Ceiling (云底高)Visibility (能见度)Safety (安全):Emergency Procedures (应急程序)Evacuation (撤离)Fire Protection (防火) Life Raft (救生筏) Parachute (降落伞) Other Terms (其他术语): Altitude (高度) Airspeed (空速) Groundspeed (地速) Attitude (姿态)Stall (失速)Spin (螺旋)。
航空飞行专业英语
air conditioning system空调系统nt 露点enroute 航路atement 减噪arrival 进场very-high-frequency omni-directional range ）甚高频全向信标transition 过渡on 定向、定位procedure 程序(air data inertial reference units) 大气数据惯性基准组件instrument approach 仪表进近（digital distance and r adio magnetic indicator ）数字距离无线电磁指示器SID（standard instrument departure ）标准仪表离场（ground proximity warning system ）近地警告系统STAR（standard terminal arrival route ）标准进场航路d 跑道入口chart layout 航图布局utomatic direction finder ）自动定向仪symbology 符号distance measuring equipment ）测距仪地标领航facility 设施communication frequency 通信频率above ground level ）离地高度MSA（minimum safe altitude ）最低安全高度light path vector ）飞行航经引导plan view 平面图ro 激光陀螺navaid 导航、助航信标台Morse code 莫尔斯代码traffic and collision a voidance system ）空中交通避撞系统nob 锁定旋钮s 危险接近procedure turn 程序转弯outbound 背台holding 等待ir transport association of America ）美国航空协会heading 航向d 入口、标准radial 径向线uxiliary power unit ）辅助动力装置missed approach 复飞MOCA 最低超障高度电路、一圈MAP 复飞点e 放电n 关车MSA 最低安全高度IDA 可用着陆距离ance 维护、维修MLS 微波着陆系统ed 超速SDF 简易定向设施荷PAR 初始进近雷达oor 进口门MSL 平均海平面……隐藏teardrop pattern 修正角集气室n system 进气系统HAT 高出接地点的高HAA 高出机场的高t 早期的MEA 最小航路高inlet guide vanes 可调的进气导片额定的RVR 跑道视程climb 爬升ent flight 仪表飞行rotate 抬轮段e 离场stick shaker 抖杆buffet 发动机抖震overshoot 目测过高fuel prudent 节油orographic turbulence ft岳形态的气流penalty drag 阻力增大cb activitydrag 积云concede a reroute a 提供一条新航路optimum altitude 最适高度（global position system ）全球定位系统飘default 缺席n 接地点LSK （line select key ）行选键ire 电传操纵asymmetric 不对称meter 加速器terminal area 终端区域t 对准、校准or 伺服马达e 陀螺uction alt 减推力高度coordinate 经纬度rnva area navigation 区域导航en-route 在航路上CFDS （centralized fault display system ）集中显示系统反推communication 通讯ght path angle ）飞行航径角航向道位ght path vector ）飞行航径矢量vibrations 振动impulses 脉冲antenna 大线megahertz 兆赫兹curvature 弯曲曲度ionosphere 电离层ockpit resource management ）驾驶舱资源管理transceiver 无线电收发机t-flight ）把杆飞行员imary flight display ）主飞行显示轮动、卷起rack 设备架squelch 静噪、噪声控制passenger address 旅客广播cabin interohone 客舱内话interphone 内话机下选页evacuation 疏散速度loader 数据库装载机rotary 旋转的knob 旋钮mber key board 字母/数字键盘dedicated 专用的ad 草稿栏and background data 动态和背景数据buzzer 蜂鸣声boom set 吊杆耳机se 对流层顶head set 耳机蓝色selcal 选择呼叫x 成本指数t 校准active 正在使用PTT（press to talk ）按下发话提示符latched 锁住estimated fuel on board ）预计机上燃油preempt 优先占有品红色、洋红色stuck 阻塞timated time of arriving ）预计到达时间plug 插入ir data computer ）大气数据计算机strain 滤网thode ray tube ）阴极shexianguan uild-in test equipment ）内装测试设备shield 过滤rock switch 摇式电门flight control syste（m Ⅰ）飞行控制ECTED T/O 中断起飞ventional 通用的el 驾驶盘mn 驾驶杆secondary flight control 辅助飞行操纵high lift device 增升装置al 脚蹬TE（trailing edge ）后缘ace 舵面LE（leading edge ）前缘der 方向舵PTU （power transfer united ）动力传输装置d-brake 减速板stall 失速襟翼maneuver 机动飞行trim 调整片inboard 内侧rride switch 超控电门outboard 外侧damper 偏航阻尼器slotted 开缝的ering mechanism 定中机械three slotted flap 三开缝襟翼ep back 后掠drag 阻力ler 扰流板comparator 比较仪卡阻roll rate 滚转率滚转（横滚）mixer 混合器h 俯仰deflection 偏转ilizer 安定面aerodynamic mean chord 平均空气动力弦偏航torque 扭力damper rate gyro 偏航率陀螺仪jack 千斤顶itudinal axis 纵轴ical axis 垂轴ral axis 横轴ating cylinder 动作筒d position 中立位into spin 进入螺旋oil翼部面fire protection（Ⅰ）防lock down 下锁inadvertent 疏忽大意shutdown 关车unlock 开锁trip 跳开关探火环thrust reverser 反推inert cold gas agents 惰冷气灭火剂cuit 失效监控电路地icating and crew a lerting system ）发动机指示和机组警戒系统极射线管机舱货舱门oxidizer 氧化剂CO2（carbon dioxide ）二氧化碳N1（nitrogen ）氮inert gas 惰气toxicity 毒性freon 氟利昂solvent 溶剂compatible 与……相溶续环路cartridge 燃爆筒lagging 绝缘材料芯合金管soak 浸、泡residue 滤渣、残余物珠extinguishing agent 灭火剂pressure gauge 压力表manifold 管道雾探测rupture 破裂upholstery 饰面材料noxious gas 毒气electrical system（Ⅱ）电子系perforate 穿孔于thermal anti-icing system 热防冰系统potable water lines 饮用水线windshield 风挡engine cowl 发动机整流罩）变压整流器wiper 刮水器static port 静压口AOA（the angle of attack ）迎角TAT（total air temperature ）全温SAT（static air temperature ）静温vinyl core 乙烯树脂内芯glass pane 玻璃窗格bird-strike 鸟击气驱动发电机conductive coating 导电涂层池acrylic pane 丙烯酸树脂速驱动angle airflow sensor 气流角度传感器delay circuit 延迟电路）综合驱动发电机solenoid valve 电磁活门驱动的发电机sight gage 目视测量表attention gatter 提醒灯电瓶汇流条chronograph 记时器elapsed time 已飞时间parameter 参数checklist 检查单dispense with 省略un-clutter 混乱UTC （coordinated universal time ）协调世界时schematic 图解形式eadi 电子姿态指示器ehsi 水平状态指示器symbol generator 符号发生器arc mode 弧型模式接断路器rose mode 罗盘模式发动机控制组件bearing pointer 方位指针rrent transformers) 压差保护电流变压器decision height 决断高度ADF（automatic direction finder ）自动定向机glide-slope 下滑道deviation 偏差side slip 侧滑interface 界面、接口、连接analog 模拟DFDR （digital flight data recorder ）数字式飞行数据记录器an underwater locator beacon 水下信标机身结构discrete signal 离散信号油箱发动机警告指示结slip ball 球形侧滑仪cross bar 十字指令杆stop-watch way 秒表（跑表）记时方式roll index 横滚标志superimpose 重叠reference line 参考线speed trend arrow 速度趋势箭头true north 真北raw data 原始数据lubber line 航向标线deviation bar 偏离杆course pointer 航道指针graduation 刻度remote 分装a double lined arrow 双线箭头指针（双针）a gray analog a ltitude tape 灰色模拟高度标尺带front course dagger 向台航道箭形符号aids 飞机集成数据系统ECAM（electronic centralized aircraft monitor ）电子飞机集中监控synopsis 概要orientation 定向板盖板indent 缩进discrete input signals 离散的输入信号盖MEL（minimum equipment list ）最低设备清单landing gear 起落架性油尺ground loop 打地转nose over 拿大顶门margin 斜度chock 轮挡bungee cord 弹簧索（减震支柱）aluminum alloys 铝合金shock absorber 减震器、缓冲器rubber block 橡皮块（减震器）oil-air strut 油气式减震支柱tailwheel gear 后三点式起落架tricycle gear 前三点式起落架antiskid 防滑装置shock strut 减震支柱uplock hook 上位锁钩（起落架的）alternate extension （起落架）备用放出纵actuator 致动器、动作筒飞行操纵面PSEU （proximity switch electronic unit ）接近电门电子组件torsion links 扭力臂truck assembly 轮架组件trunnionlink 轴颈连杆tiller 操纵杆nosewheel steering 前轮转向操纵thrust reverser 反推装置shuttle valve 往复活门down-lock link 下锁连杆tilt 倾斜centering cam 定中凸轮over-centering 过中bearing 轴承carbon brake 碳素钢刹车air conditioning system空调系stb y（standby）备份DC（direct currency ）直流电PSI（pound per square inch ）磅/平方英尺ditch 水上迫降supercharger 增压器inadvertent 偶然的leakage 漏、渗apron 停机坪ceiling 顶板freight 货机accessory 副件状态throttle lever 油门杆cruise 巡航negative relief valve 负压释放活门positive pressure 正压airport elevation 机场标高autopilot 自动驾驶momentum 动量mimicking 模仿glare-shield 遮光板actuators 制动器surveillance 监视trajectory 轨迹quadrant 油门操纵杆FLEX（flexible ）灵活的MCT（maximum continue thrust ）最大连续推力elevators 升降舵aileron副翼navaid 助航SID（standard instrument departure ）标准仪表离场STAR（standard terminal a rrival route ）标准进场程序missed approach （go around ）复飞dynamic 动力的augmentation 增加、增益flight envelope 飞行包线CDU（control display unit ）控制显示组件FMA（flight mode annunciator ）飞行方式显示器ADIRS （air data and inertial references system ）大气数据及惯性基准系统MCP （mode control panel ）方式控制面板膜盒气压。
微软模拟飞行 英语词汇
微软模拟飞行英语词汇以下是微软模拟飞行中常见的英语词汇：1. Cockpit 驾驶舱2. Aircraft 飞机3. Airspeed 空速4. Altitude 高度5. Heading 航向6. Ground 地面7. Clouds 云层8. Runway 跑道9. Taxiway 滑行道10. Airport 机场11. Instruments 仪表12. Compass 罗盘13. Radio 无线电14. GPS 全球定位系统15. Engine 发动机16. Throttle 节流阀17. Flaps 襟翼18. Gear 起落架19. Stall 失速20. Landing 着陆21. Climb 爬升22. Descent 下滑23. Takeoff 起飞24. Cruise 平飞25. Emergency 紧急情况26. Traffic 交通情况27. Controls 控制装置28. Accelerate 加速29. Decelerate 减速30. Climb 上爬31. Descend 下滑32. Bank 倾斜转弯33. Turn 转弯34. Level off 拉平35. Land 着陆36. Reverse Thrusters 反推装置37. Air Brakes 气动刹车38. Autoland 自动着陆39. Flight Management System (FMS) 飞行管理系统40. Heading Mode (HMD) 航向模式（HMD）41. VOR Mode (VOR) VOR模式（VOR）42. Transponder 转发器43. Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) 地形警告系统（GPWS）44. Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) 交通碰撞避免系统（TCAS）45. Instrument Landing System (ILS) 仪表着陆系统（ILS）46. Non-Directional Beacon (NDB) 无向信标（NDB）47. DME Distance Measuring Equipment 测距设备（DME）48. Weather Radar System (WXR) 气象雷达系统（WXR）49. Head-Up Display (HUD) 平视显示器（HUD）50. Autopilot自动驾驶仪。
飞行技术外文翻译及原文
精品合同，仅供参考，需要可下载使用！毕业设计(译文)天气传播和航线飞行员要求一个半开玩笑式的说法在航线飞行员中存在，“…谁需要天气情况啊，反正无论如何我们都要出发的”。
事实上，航线飞行元很清楚的知道了解预定航路的相关天气情况会对航班安全准时完成有巨大帮助的。
过去的几十年里能看到天气的预测在科学技术方面有了很大进步。
终端多普勒气象雷达，下一代雷达，随着不断改善的大气模型，但是有一些技术可以短暂的增加飞行员观察的空间量。
但是当探测领域大踏步的向前进的同时，传播领域也需要有相同的进展。
虽然有一些明显的意外比如说给飞行员的终端天气情报项目和终端多普勒气象雷达实验，它们没有表现出完全像官方和业界保证的天气条件传播能力跟上天气探测的进步那样。
这篇论文阐明了为什么传播是安全有效飞行的关键和说明了现代分配体制的不足。
（作者）摘要一个半开玩笑式的说法在航线飞行员中存在，“…谁需要天气情况啊，反正无论如何我们都要出发的”。
事实上，航线飞行元很清楚的知道了解预定航路的相关天气情况会对航班安全准时完成有巨大帮助的。
过去的几十年里能看到天气的预测在科学技术方面有了很大进步。
终端多普勒气象雷达，下一代雷达，随着不断改善的大气模型，但是有一些技术可以短暂的增加飞行员观察的空间量。
但是当探测领域大踏步的向前进的同时，传播领域也需要有相同的进展。
虽然有一些明显的意外比如说给飞行员的终端天气情报项目和终端多普勒气象雷达实验，它们没有表现出完全像官方和业界保证的天气条件传播能力跟上天气探测的进步那样。
这篇论文阐明了为什么传播是安全有效飞行的关键和说明了现代分配体制的不足。
背景天气几个影响飞行员做出决定的要素之一。
对于一个给定的航班，飞行员会照例做出战略上和战术上的决定。
这些决定很少最终，会因为飞行进行而出现的新的信息而发生改动。
操作的优先顺序通常由航空公司决定。
安全永远是最重要的，紧跟着的是管理。
这两项之后就是满意度，方便，术士和经济效益。
与航班有关的英语词汇
与航班有关的英语词汇-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1飞机旅行相关词汇飞机旅行相关词汇1. civil aviation 民用航空2. plane, aircraft, airplane 飞机3. airliner 班机4. airline航空公司5. jet, supersonic plane 喷气机6. airliner, passenger aircraft 客机7. medium-haul aircraft 中程飞机8. long-range aircraft, long-haul aircraft 远程飞机9. propeller-driven aircraft 螺旋桨飞机10. jet (aircraft) 喷气飞机11. turbofan jet 涡轮风扇飞机12. turboprop 涡轮螺旋桨飞机13. turbojet 涡轮喷气飞机14. by air, by plane 乘飞机15. passenger cabin 客舱16. tourist class 普通舱, 经济舱17. first class 一等舱18. waiting list 登机票名单19. boarding check 登机牌20. airport 航空港21. air terminal 航空集散站22. tarmac 停机坪23. air hostess, stewardess 空中小姐, 女乘务员24. steward 乘务员25. aircraft crew, air crew 机组, 机务人员26. pilot 驾驶员, 机长27. takeoff 起飞28. landing 着陆29. to board a plane, get into a plane 上飞机30. to get off a plane, alight from a plane 下飞机31. non-stop flight to 飞往, 直飞32. in transit 运送中的33. off-peak season淡季34. flight schedule航班时间表35. safety inspection安全检查36. departure time起飞时间37. arrival time到达时间38. seat belt安全带39. air-sickness bag晕机袋40. earplug耳塞41. eye-mask眼罩42. headset plug 耳机插头43. armrest扶手44. life vest救生衣45. luggage compartment行李舱架46. seat recliner button座位倾斜扭47. emergency exit紧急出口48. oxygen mask氧气面罩49. forced landing迫降50. hijacking空中劫持51. rocking, bumping, tossing颠簸52. black box黑匣子53. transfer to flight换机54. luggage tag行李签55. baggage insurance行李保险56. baggage claim area行李认领处57. baggage cart行李车58. baggage clerk, redcap行李搬运员59. airport bus机场巴士60. air pocket 气潭, 气阱61. customs procedure海关手续62. customs formalities 报关单63. dutiable articles上税物件64. customs declaration form报关单65. personal valuables个人贵重物品66. passport护照67. visa签证68. health certificate健康证明69. certificate of vaccination预防接种证书70. channel通道。
民航英语缩略词I
民航英语缩略词III Island 岛屿I Index 指数I Interest 利息，兴趣IA Intermediate Altitude 中间高度IA Iowa 衣阿华州（美）IAA Initial Approach Altitude 起始进近高度IAA Intermediate Approach Area 中间进近区IAC International Air Convention 国际航空公约IAC Instrument Approach Chart 仪表进近图IACAInternational Air CarrierAssociation国际航空公司协会IAF Initial Approach Fix 起始进近定位点IAF Indian Air Force 印度空军Iraqui Air Force 伊拉克空军IALInstrument Approach andLanding Chart仪表进近与着陆图IAO IN And Out Of Clouds 出入云中，云层飞行IAP Istrument Approach Procedure 仪表进近程序IAP International Airport 国际机场IAP Initial Approach Procedure 起始进近程序IAPCH Initial Approach 起始进近IAR Intersection Of Air Routes 航路交叉点IAS Indicated Airspeed 指示空速IATAInternational Air TransportAssoci-ation国际航空运输协会IATSC International AeronauticalTeleco-mmunication SwitchingCenter国际航空电信中继中心IAW In Accordance With 按照,与……一致IB Ibidem 此处同上（拉丁语）I/B Inboard 侧，机IBN Identification Beacon 识别灯标IC Integrated Circuit 集成电路I/C Inspection/Check 检验/检查I/C In Charge Of 负责，主管ICAC Initial Cruise Altitude Capability 起始巡航高度能力International Civil Aircraft国际民用航空器标记ICAMMarkingInternational Civil Aviation国际民航组织ICAOOrganizationICC Inner Combusion Chamber 燃烧室ICD Interface Control Document 互相控制文件ICE Icing 结冰ICE Dry Ice 干冰ICE Iceland 冰岛ICS Inter-Communication System 部通讯系统ICU Instrument Comparator Unit 仪表比较器组件ICU Interface Control Unit 交连控制组件ID Identification 识别ID Idem 同上（拉丁语）ID Dinar 第纳尔（货币单位）ID Identify 鉴定，辨认ID Inside Diameter 径IDB Intergrated Data Base 综合数据库IDD International Direct Dialing 国际直拨IDENT Identify 辩认，鉴定IDENT Identification 识别IDG Integrated Drive Generator 整体驱动发电机IDN Indonesia 印度尼西亚IDNT Identification 识别IDR Instrument Departure Route 仪表离场路线IDR Indonesian Rupiah 印尼卢比（货币单位）IDS Integrated Display System 综合显示系统IDS Interactive Display System 相互作用设计系统IDU Integrated Display Unit 综合显示组件i.e. Id Est, That is 即，也就是IE Ireland 爱尔兰I/E Import And Export 进出口Institute of Electrical and电气和电子工程学院IEEEElectronic EngineersIEM Interational Express Mail 国际快邮Instrument,Electrical Radio and仪表，电气，无线电和电子I.E.R.A.AvionicsIF Intermediate Frequency 中频IF Intermediate Fix 中间定位点IF Initial Fix 起始定位点IF Inflight 在飞行中I/F Instrument Flight 仪表飞行IFA Integrated Fault Analyzer 综合故障分析器International Federation Airline驾驶员协会国际联合会IFALPAPilot AssociationInternational Federation of空通管制员IFATCATrafficController Association 协会国际联合会IFC Instrument Flight Center 仪表飞行中心Identification of Friend or Foe敌我识别器IFEDeviceIFMN Information 情报，消息，信息，资料IFMS Integrated Management System 综合管理系统IFR Instrument Flight Rules 仪表飞行规则IFR Infrared 红外的International Frequency国际频率注册局IFRBRegistration BoardInternational Flight Service国际飞行服务站IFSSStationIntegrated Functional Test综合功能检测系统FTSSystemIFUN If Unable 如不能IG Imperial Gallons 英加仑IGA International General Aviation 国际通用航空IGB Inlet Gearbox 入口齿轮箱IGN Iguiter 点火箱IGN Ignition 点火IGN Ignore 不理睬IGPM Imperial Gallons Per Minute 英加仑IGR Igitur 所以（拉丁语）IGS Instrument Guidance System 仪表引导系统IGS Integrated Graphic System 集成图形系统IGV Inlet Guide Valve 进气道导向活门IGV Inlet Guide Vanes 进气道导向叶片IGVA Inlet Guide Vane Actuator 进气道导向叶片作动器IHP Indicated Horse Power 指示马力IHPH Indicated Horse Power Per Hour 指示马力/小时I/L Import Licence 进口执照IL Illinois 依利诺斯州International Language For国际航空用语ILAAviationILEF Inside Leading Edge Flaps 侧前缘襟翼ILES Inside Leading Edge Station 侧前缘襟翼站位ILLUM Illuminate 照明、亮ILLUS Illustrate 图解ILLUS Illustration 图解ILM Independent Landing Monitor 独立着陆监视器ILO In Lieu Of 代替ILS Instrument Landing System 仪表着陆系统ILS Integrated Instrument System 综合着陆系统ILS Back Beam Only(No Glide仅有ILS背台航道（无下滑道）ILS BBPath)ILS C ILS Autopilot Coupled Approach ILS自动驾驶耦合进近ILS CP ILS Control Panel ILS控制板ILS H Handfloum ILS Approach 人工飞行ILS进近IM Inner Marker 指点标IM Import 进口IMBAL Imbalance 不平衡Instrument Meteorological仪表气象条件IMCConditionsIMD Immediate(Ly) 立即IMDIAT Immediate(Ly) 立即IMDT Immediately 立即IMG Immigrate 移民IMG Immigration 移民局IMG Imperial Gallons 加仑IMI Instrument Memory Indicator 仪表存储指示器IMLI Import Licence 进口执照IMM Immigration 移民局IMM Inflight Maintenance Message 飞行中维护信息IMM Immediately 立即IMMEDT Immediate 立即IMMEDT Immediately 立即IMMG Immigration 移民局IMMIG Immigrant 移民IMMIG Immigration 移民局Intergrated Maintenance Monitor综合维护监控系统IMMSSystemIMO International Money Order 国际汇票IMN Indicated Mach Number 指示马赫数IMP Important 重要的IMP Import 进口IMP Improve 改进，变好IMP Imperial 英制的IMPCE Importance 重要性IMP GAL Imperial Gallons 英加仑IMPER Imperative 紧急的，强制的IMPO Impossible 不可能IMPOSS Impossible 不可能IMPR Improve 改进，变好，好转IMPR Improvement 改进，改善IMPROV Improve 改进，变好IMPSBL Impossible 不可能IMPT Important 重要的IMPT Import 进口IMPV Imperative 紧急的，强制的IMPVD Improved 改进的，变好的IMPVMT Improvement 改进，改善IMR Indicated Mach Reading 指示马赫数Information Management信息管理系统IMSSystemIMT Immediately 立即IMTA Intensive Military Training Area 集中军事训练区IN Inch 英寸N Infant 婴儿IN Inspection 检验，检查IN Input 输入IN India 印度IN Interest 利息，兴趣I/N Inventory Number 清单，INA Initial Approach 起始进近INABL Inability 无能力的INADQT Inadequate 不适合的INB Inbound 进场，向台INB Inboard 机，侧INBD Inboard 机，侧INBD Inbound 进场，向台INBND Inbound 进场，向台INC Include 包括INC Including 包括INC In Cloud 云中INC Incorporated 并入的，联合的INC Increase 增加IN/C In Charge 负责，主管INCD Include 包括INCDT Incident 事件INCE Insurance 保险INCERFA Uncertainty Phase 情况不明阶段INCL Include 包括INCL Including 包括INCL Inclose 封入INCL Inclosure 信封INCLDG Including 包括INCLZ Inclose 封入INCOMG Incoming 进来的，进场的INCON Interconnect 交连INCOR(R) Incorrect 不正确的，错误的INCP Incomplete 未完成的，不完全的INCPLT Incomplete 未完成的，不完全的INCR Increase 增加INCRCT Incrrect 不正确的，错误的INCRS Increase 增加IND Indicator 指示器IND Indicate 指示，表示IND Indication 指示，表示IND Independent 独立的IND Index 指数IND Industry 工业IND India 印度INDEF Indefinite 无限期的，不明确的INDEM Indemnity 赔偿INDENT Indenture 合同，契约INDIR Indirect 不直接的，间接的INDIV Individual 个别的INDR Indoor 室IND SENS Indicator Sensitivity 指示器灵敏度INE Import and Export 进、出口INEV Inevitable 不可避免的INF Interface 交连，交接面INF Information 情报，资料，信息INF Inferior 低劣的INFC Interface 互联，交连，交接面INFD Informed 已通知INFLT Inflight 飞行中INFM Inform 通知，告知INFM Information 情报，资料，信息INFML Informal 非正式的INFO Information 情报，资料，信息INFO Inform 通知，告知INFR Infrared 红外的INH Inhibit 抑制INHAB Inhabitants 居民INHB Inhibit 抑制，禁止INHIB Information 抑制，制动，禁止INHG Inches of Mercury 英寸水银柱IN-IB Inch-Pound 英寸/磅INIT Initiate 起始INIT Initialization 起始，初始化INJC Injection 注射INLB Inch-Pound 英寸/磅INLK Interlock 联锁INO Indian Ocean Region(ICAO) 印度洋地区（国际民航组织）INOP(V) Inoperative 不工作，无效INP If Not Possible 如不能INP Input 输入INPH Interphone 话机INPR In Progress 在进行中INQ Inquiry 询问，询价INQR Inquire 询问，调查INR Inner 部的，侧的INR Indian Ruppee 印度卢比（货币单位）INS Nertial Navigation System 惯性导航系统INS Inches 英寸INS Insurance 保险INS Insurance 保险INSDU INS Display Unit 惯导系统显示组件INSIG Insignificant 无意义的INSL Insulated 绝缘的INSP Inspect 检验，检查INSP(N) Inspection 检验，检查INSPR Inspector 检查员INSR Insurance 保险INSRT Insert 插入INST Instant 紧急的，本月的INST Instrument 仪表INST Install 安装INST Installation 安装，设备INSTD Instead 代替INSTL Install 安装INSTL Installation 安装，设备INSTMT Instrument 仪表INSTNS Instructions 说明，指示INSTR Instrument 仪表INSTR Instruction 说明，指示INSUF Insufficient 不足的INSUL Insulated 绝缘的，保温的INSUL Insulation 绝缘，保温INT Intersection 交叉点INT Interest 利息，兴趣INT International 国际的INT Intermittent 间歇的INT Interrupt 中断INT Intake 入口，进气道INT Intensity 强度INT Interphone 话机INT Internal 部INT Integral 整体的INTAM Internal Notices to Airmen 部航行通告INTC Interconnect 交连INTC Intercept 截获，切入INTCHBLE Interchangeable 可交替的，可互换的INTCHG Interchange 互换，交替INTCON Interconnection 通INTEG Integrator 积分器INTER Intermittent 间歇的INTER Interrupt 中断，打扰INTER Internal 部的INTERCOM Intercommunication 通，话INTERN International 国际的INTERP Interpreter 翻译INT/F International Fare 国际票价INTFC Interface 交连，交接面INTFC Interference 干扰INTIMN Intimation 通告INTK Intake 入口，进气道INTL International 国际的INTL Initial 起始的，开始的INTLK Interlock 联锁INTMD Intermediate 中间的INTMT Intermittent 间歇的INTN Intention 打算，意向INTN International 国际的INTPH Interphone 话机INTPR Interpreter 翻译INTR Interruption 中断INTR Interrupt 中断INTR International 国际的INTRG Interrogator 询问器INTRO Introduction 介绍，引进INTRLN/R Interline Rate 联运运费INTRP Interrupt 中断，干扰INTRP Interruption 中断，干扰INTRST Interest 利息，兴趣INTRSTD Interested 有关的，感兴趣的INTSF Intensify 加强，加剧，强化INTST Intensify 强度INTST Interest 利息，兴趣INTSTD Interested 有关的，感兴趣的INTSV Intensive 密集的INTSV Intensive 密集的INTSVC International Service 国际航班INTSYS Inter System 部系统INTVW Interview 会见，访问INU Inertial Navigation Unit 惯性导航组件INV Invalid 无效的INV Invert 倒的，相反的，逆的INV Invertor 变流机，变压器INV Invoice 发票INV Inventory 清单INV Invain 无效INV Invent 发明INVEST Investigate 调查，考察INVEST Investigation 调查，考察INVIT Invitation 邀请INVMT Investment 投资INVO Invoice 发票INVTR Inverter 变流机，变压器IO In Order 有顺序I/O Input/Output 输入/输出I/O Instead of 代替Indicated Outside Air指示的外界大气温度IOATTemperatureIOC Input/Output Controller 输入/输出控制器IOCE Input/Output Control Element 输入/输出控制元件Inboard Overhead Electronics侧预部电子组件IOEUUnitIOL Inboard Open/loop 开，环路IOU I Owe You 我借你……P Intermediate Pressure 中间压力IPC Illustrated Part Catalog 图解零件目录IPO Integrated Purchase Order 综合购买定货IPS Intermittent Positive Control 间歇性绝对管制IPS Inches Per Second 英寸/秒IPU Instruction Processor Unit 指令处理组件IPV Improve 改进，变好IQ Iraq 伊拉克IR Instrument Restricted Controlled 仪表限制控制空域IR Ice On Runway 跑道上有冰IR Indian Rupee 印度卢比（货币单位）I/R Instrument Restricted 限于仪表飞行I/R Interchangeability/Replaceability 互换性/替换性IRC International Route Charge 国际航线收费IRC Inbound Radar Control 进场雷达管制IRE Irregular 不规则的，不定期的IRE Ireland 爱尔兰Inertial Referenced Flight惯性基准飞行检查系统IRFISInspection SystemIRGAV Change In Aircraft Type 改换机型Change In Equipment Or Lay改变设备或客舱布局IRGEQOutIRGHO Change In Schedule Time 改变班期时刻IRI Iran Rial 伊朗里亚尔（货币单位）IRL Ireland 爱尔兰IRMP Inertial Reference Mode Panel 惯性基准组件面板IRN Iran 伊朗IRP Irregularity Report 非正常情况报告IRPT Interrupt 中断，打扰IRR Iranian Rial 伊拉克里亚尔（货币单位）IRR Irrevocable 不可改变的IRR Instrument Rating Renewal 仪表额定更新IRREG Irregular 不正常，不规则，不定期IRS Inertial Reference System 惯性基准系统IRS/NAV IRS/Navigation 惯性基准系统/导航IRU Inertial Reference Unit 惯性基准组件Inertial Reference Unit惯性基准电子元件IRUEElectronicsIS Island 岛屿IS Iceland 冰岛International Standardization国际标准协会ISAAssociationInternational Standard国际标准大气温度ISAAtmosphereISA If Space Available 如有空吨（座）位ISB Independent Sideband 独立边带ISB Inter System Bus 部系统汇流条ISD Issued 发行的，填开的，发布的ISDU Inertial System Display Unit 惯性系统显示组件ISL Island 岛屿ISL Iceland 冰岛ISLN Isolation 隔离ISM Inertial System Mount 惯性系统架Interim Standard Microwave临时标准微波着陆系统ISMLSLanding SystemISO Isolation 隔离International Standard国际标准组织ISOOrganizationISOL Isolated 独立的，隔离的ISOL Inolation 隔离ISP In-Service Problem 工作中的问题ISS Inertial Sensor System 惯性传感系统ISS Issue 发行，发布ISSS Instrument Source Select Switch 仪表电源选择电门ISU Issue 发行，填开，发布ISWL Isolated Single Wheel load 单轮当量载荷IT Items 项目IT Italian 意大利人，意大利语，意大利的IT In Transit 在运输中ITIN Itinerary 航程ITL Italian Lira 意大利里拉（货币单位）ITM Items 项目ITNL Internal 部的ITNRY Itinerary 航程ITS Integrated Test Specification 综合测试规格International国际电信联盟ITUTelecommunication UnionIU Index Unit 指数单位I/V Instrument/Visual 仪表/目视IVLD Invalid 无效的Instantaneous Vertrical Speed瞬时垂直速度表IVSIIndicatorI/W Inter-changeable 与……互换IWS With Itemized Work Statement 逐条施工说明IXR Runway Intersection 跑道联络道IAS Indicated Airspeed 指示空速ILS Instrument Landing System 仪表着陆系统IRS Instrument Reference System 惯性基准系统。
飞行英语复习范围.docx
Words&phrases CH I —ENGENG —CH I• Sentence (Eng 一Ch i)LEVEL QUESTIONS1.起落架的作用 2.在受污染contaminated 的跑道上 怎么降落 3.飞机重心的四个力 4.前三点的好处 5. 747起飞降落程序 cloze 完型填空 bird str i ke tail str i keMODELSECT I ON I Translate from Engli sh to ChineseGPWS 近地警告系统(Ground Proximity Warning System) 备用燃油 undershoot 为抵达跑道即着陆console)中央操纵台 mould super impose trailing edge flaps spoi lers fI ight control surfacespivoted standRAF Red Arrows knot aborted takeoffSECT I ON 2 translate sentences into Chinese1 • The wing f I aps are situated on the inner t ra i I ing edge of each ma i n wing and t hey are used to change the shape of the wings and make slower fl ight possible ・2 • The traffic control I er wi I I ask the p i I ot to report h i s speed and he i ght ・ He wi I I then tel I him whether he shouId turn I eft or r i ght and what speed and altitude to adopt ・ At th i s point the pi Iot wi I I also be adv i sed of the altimeter sett i ngs for I and i ng.SECT I ON 3 Translate from Chinese to Engli sh尾翼 empennage 螺旋桨 propel I er 空气动力 aerodynamic force垂直安定面 vert i ca I stab i I i zer 停机位 park i ng stand 倾斜 def I ect 副翼 a i I eron全静压系统 pitot-static pressure system 油门杆 thrott I e I ever 飞行仪表 flight i nstrument气象雷达 meteorological radar 助航设备 navigation aid Fuselage 机身thrott I e I ever 油门杆 e I evator 升降舵 t achometer 转速计 1. 2.3. 4. vocabuI ary —s ingle choice (20%) reading 2 passages (20%)Possibly from texts in book acronyms (10%-15%) Translation (45%-50%) Vortex 涡流 fuelenduranee alternate ai rport 备用机场 maneuver pedestaI (centraI 发电机genera tor 停机坪ramp apron park i ng bay 复飞 go around/mi ssed approach 磁罗盘 magne tic compass陀螺 gyroscope 巡航高度 cru i se altitude静压口 stat i c port 起落航线 traffic pattern 决断速度 dec i s i on speedSect i on 4 LEVEL QUEST IONS0.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.please simply descr ibe the main flight cont rol s of an a/c. (P1- 5) what are the parts of an ai rplane? (P1-1) the four forces of an ai rplane? What happens i f an engine fails just before the speed reaches V1?(P87-2) What is the danger of overshooting or undershoot i ng? (P104-2) Briefly descr i be the landing procedure of 747 (P104-3) Briefly descr i be the tak i ng off procedure of 747 (P86-3) what are the advantages of tr icycle landing gear? (P118)PIC Pilot in commandINS... Inert i a I nav i gat i on systemRPM ...revolution per minuteCG Center of grav i tyADF...Automat i c d i rection f i nderNTSB...National Transportat ion Safety BoardGPWS...Ground Proximity Warning SystemHSI…Hor izontai Situation IndicatorPFD...Pr imary FI ight DisplayVS I ...Vert i ca I Speed IndicatorPCU...Power ControI UnitECAM...EIectron i c Centra I i zed Ai rcraft Mon i tor FAR...Federa I Av i at i on Regu 丨at ionFAA...Federa I Av i a t i on Admin i st rat i onEFIS・• .Electronic FI ight Instrument SystemMFD…Multi-function displayND...Navigation displayHRS...Heading Referenee SwitchAFDS...Autopi lot FI ight Di rector SystemFMC...F I i ght Management ComputerRMI...Radio Magnetic IndicatorI RS・• .Inertial Reference SystemE. C. A. M...Electronic Centra I ized Ai rcraft Monitor CRT…Cathode Ray Tube （阴极射线管）VR..,Ve I oc i ty-rotateFD...F I i ght d i rectorFMS...f I i ght management systemF-PLN INIT,..f I ight-plan initiateSPD/PROF...Speed/prof i leAFS…automatic fIight systemFCP...f I ight controI panelMCDU・..multi-function controI display unitPF...Pi lot FlyingPNF...Pi lot Not FlyingVR …Velocity-rot ate （抬轮速度）V1 ■■•Velocity one 二dec is io n speed 决断速度POM...Pi Iot Operation ManuaIWLDP•…warning Iight display pane INOTAM...Not ices to Ai rmenVFR...Visual Fl ight RulesIFR... Instrument Fl ight RulesAS I. •・ a i rspeed indica tor IAS.. •・ I nd i ca ted a i rspeed Al ...attitude indicatorVS I ...vert i ca I speed i nd i catorHI ...head i ng i nd i catorCHT.…cyl inder head temperatureF/O...Fi rst Off icerA/C...Ai rcraftEAD.. .eng ine and a I ert displayVOR・•・Very Hi gh Frequency Omn i d i rectional Rad i o RangeUNIT 1词汇翻译范围飞机，机身，机翼，尾翼，机轮，发动机，水平安定面，垂直安定面，操纵面，偏转，升降舵，推（驾驶）杆，拉杆，驾驶盘，俯仰，机头向上/机头向下（上仰/下俯），蹬左舵/蹬右舵，偏航，机头向左/机头向右，副翼，横滚，左转/右转，操作襟翼，人工手柄，电动开关，增大升力，调整（配平）片，配平手轮/ 手柄，减小驾驶员的操纵力，前缘/后缘，内侧/外侧，推九阻力，升九重力，气流，空气动力，气氐全静压系统，陀螺，磁罗盘，（抽）真空系统，无线电，滑行，滑翔，爬升，改平（飞），下降，进近，着陆，位于，安装，前/后，机长，副驾驶，驾驶舱，左（手）边/右（手），飞行操纵机构，油门，飞行仪表，空速表，航空地平仪，高度表，升降速度表，航向指示器，转弯协调仪，仪表板，空速，姿态，高度，方向，转弯，内部/外部，发动机仪表，转速表，转速，滑油压力表，滑油温度表，电流表，监视/监控，电力系统，真空表aerofoi I, fuse I age, engine, surface, i nc I ude, rudder, e I evator, a i I eron, function， wing, lift, overcome, thrust, hor i zontai, jet, propeller, dr ive, deflec flow, oppos i te, d i rection, upwards, propuIs i on，sustain, des i gn，factor, f I i gh t cond i tions， examine, wing area, profi le, angle of incidence, motion, turbulenee, skin, contour，narrow, boundary, Iayer, stationary air, I iabIe, break up, turbuIent, destroy, Iow一pressure region, st all, slot, fit, lead in g edge, guide, steady, esse nt ial. Ian d i ng, ext end, f I ap, t ra i I in g edge, exer t. def lec t, ver ti ca 丨.comp orient, hor izon tal. drag, represen t, energy, avai I able, el imina te, res i stance, minimum, optimum cond i tion, wing—tip. inev i table, vortex, vapor tra i IUNIT 1句子翻译范围1、Th i s enab I es the airflow over the wings to gen era te the aerodynamic force known as lift that i s capabIe of support i ng the a i rpI ane i n fI i ght・2、The tai I sect i on （or empe nnage） of the airpl ane i s situated some d i s tance to the rear of the main load-carrying sections of the fuselage and provides a balancing or stabi Iizing force— much I ike the tai I feathers on an arrow or a dart・3、The p i I ot and other occupants of the airpl ane are accommodated i n the cockp i t or cab i n, usua I I y seated side-by-side. with the pi Iot-in-command sitting on the left-hand side.4、To open the throttle. push i tforward—thi s increases the fue l/ai r suppIy to the engine, caus ing the engine to turn faster and deveI op more power・5、These are the surfaces which, when def Iected, alter the pattern of the airflow around the wings and the ta i I section, causi ng changes i n the aerodynamic forces that they generate.6、The eIevator tr im tab or simi lar device （s ituated on the trailing edge of the elevator）— used to reduce e I eva tor con tro I pressure on the p i I ot; usual I y opera ted by a t r im whee I or hand I e beside the pi Iot or above in the cabin roof.7、The panel in front of the pilot contains var ious instruments which can provide important i nformation—the ma i n groups being the fIi ght i nstruments, wh i ch are d i rectly in front of the pi Iot. and the engine gauges, which are usually situated near the throttie.8、The instruments re I ated to a i rspeed and altitude are operated by a i r pressure obtained from the pitot-static pressure system, while those related to attitude, d i rection and turning are operated by internaI spinning gyroscope （with the exception of the magnetic compass）・9.The a i r, flowing t hrough a region of h i gher pressure under the wing, swirls up at these edges into a region of low pressure above the wing and produces a vortex. which may be so violent as to produce vapor trails at the wing tips・What does the basic ai rcraft cons i st of?What does the ta i I sect i on cons i st of?What are the main fI ight controI surfaces?What is the funct i on of the eIevator?What i s the funct i on of the a i Ieron?What i s the funct i on of the rudder?What i s the funct i on of the f I ap?What do the fI i ght i nstruments i ncIude?What do the engi ne i nstruments i ncIude?1) a fuse Iage t wings, an empennage, wheeIs and engi nes・2) a verticaI stab i I i zer (or fin) and a hor i zontal stab i I i zer・3)the eIevator. a i Ierons, and rudder・4)controls the pitching of the nose up or down.5)control rolling of the airplane・6)controls the yawing of the nose left or r ight.7)used to change the shape of the wings and make sIower fI ight possible.8)an ai rspeed indicator, anattitude indicator, a vertical speed indicator, a heading indicator, and a turn coord inator.9)the tachometer (to read engine rpm), and the oi I pressure and oi I temperature gauges・ Some a i rcraft a I so have a cyl inder head temperature (CHT) gauge・UNIT 2词汇翻译范围驾驶舱，机型，机身，前舱门，货机，限制，视域，设计，电子，警告音响，可以识别的，出口/入口，警告系统，布局，大部分驾驶员，be positioned, on top of,向上开启的前舱门，audible, impose, issue (v.), simp I i fy, the i mmed i a te impression, view (v.). access ibi I ity, ins trume ntation, 驾驶员，sit at individual stations,飞行(随机〉工程师，副驾驶，旋钮，扳钮，monitor (v.),发动机性能, in front of the pilot,驾驶杆，推杆/拉杆，升高/降低升降舵，be situated,位于飞机尾部的水平安定面，使飞机爬升或下降，安装在驾驶杆上的驾驶盘，使副翼偏转，使飞机倾斜转弯，脚蹬(踏板)，控制方向舵,控制飞机的方向,推力杆，number (v.), grip (v.), be eased forwards or backwards,控制发动机推力，油门杆，控制燃油供应量，开关，关断，接通，in the downward position/upward position, 中央操纵台,滑(动〉杆，安定面配平，停留(放〉刹车，on the opposite side, flap lever,控制襟翼,various controls,气象雷达，无线电，副翼，方向舵配平，自动定向仪,in the top right-hand corner, 警告灯，惯性导航系统，无线电导航选择器，接通/断开自动驾驶仪，人工飞行，进近着陆，switch off/on, 五边〈最后进近〉,仪表着陆系统，guide (v.),自动着陆系统,high-quality, cost, install,遮光板, i n the main field of vision, fl ight speed/a 11 i tude/att i tude/ang I e/d i rect i on, 指引地平仪(att i tude d i rector),上半部份/下半部份，represent,地平线(天地线)，super impose, be mounted, 人工地平仪(artificial hor i zon) , correla te, display, in dica te. point er, manoeuvre (maneuver) the aircraft, regain the correct heading,水平位置指示器，白色方框，航向标(记)，航向箭头r indicate the actual di rection of travel,距离，海里，到台(站)时间，地速，已耗(用)时间，马赫(数) 表，马赫数，节(速度)，loca I speed of sound,高度表altimeterTo the I ef t of t h i s centra I con so I e are s I i d i ng I evers to cont rol the st ab i I i zer t r im andthe park i ng brakes, while on the oppos i te s ide a I ever controIs the fIaps.UNIT 3词汇翻译范围Ava i I ab I e t prepara tion, ru I e, pref I i gh t pla nning, common sen se t t horough, 飞行前检查.equa I I y, weather br ief ing, careless, contributing cause,事故，燃油箱，滑油箱，fue I cap, loose,全静 压系统，舵面锁，wheel skirt,发动机散热器，霜，雪，冰，prefl ight considerations,燃油容量，耗 油率，航程，风况，续航能力，燃油储备，最大/最小‘routing,最低高度，飞行航迹，助航设施，航行停车速度，结构限制速度，失控，颠簸（紊流），超过重心限制，高速/低速，rough air,飞机结构,undershoot/overshoot,最佳发动机停车滑翔速度，最佳爬升速度，失速速度，建议进近速度，最佳爬 升率和爬升角速度，最佳下滑（滑翔）速度，机动（颠簸气流）速度，最大禁超速度，放起落架和襟翼速 度，measurably,倾斜角度（坡度），标准和限制Indicate, fami I iar ize （be fami I iar ）…with …，pr ior to, afford, perform, comp Iete, cover, block, jam, and the I i ke, as much as. depar t. det ermine, to a I arge degree, exceed, bey ond gross we i gh t, occupy, to load the ai rcraft proper Iy, requi re, vary, consult, run out of, in terms of, shorten, lengthen, in s ight of, according to, invoI ve, be attributed to, examine. affect, damage, destroy, memor i ze, estab Ii sh, adhere to, stick to, modifyNormal/abnormaI procedure, fI ight crew, insure/ensure t acceptable, airplane condition. proper Iy f phase, assume, automat ed f ea tures, ut i I i ze, the f i rs tf 丨 igh toft he day t crew cha nge. accomp I i sh, indicate, engine start, system I ight, verify, system status, Master Caution and System Annunciator I i ghts 主警告和系统信号灯，be used as, pr imary means, a I ert, a non-norma I system condition, associated indications. assure, proper system response, improper indication, note, sys tem c ont rol s t be proper ly pos iti oned. appropr i a te, ci rcu it breaker, test, rela ted sys temligh t, essent i a I. poss i b i I ity, emergency, power Ioss, occur, appI i cat i on, reduct i on, ma Ifunct i on, engine run-up, takeoff. check Iist, abnormal ity, signal, impending. in the event of, cI imb-out, fol lowing. step, takeoff roll, insuff i c i ent, runway, rema in, stra i ght ahead, avo i d, obstaele, exper ience, liftoff, attempt, a i rport, lower the nose, ma i ntain, proper, a i rspeed, I and, gear down, lessen, impactforce, sI ight turn. cardinal rule, at al I times, suff icient. altitude t gain, option, ope n field, do an 180-degree t urn. depar t, gl i de speed, area of inten ded I and i ng t reach, lower the flap, extend the Ianding gear, in the meantime, make use of, troubleshoot. fuel tank, se Iector, i ntermed i ate pos ition, mixture controI, idle cut-off, EIectronic Centra I i zed Ai rcraft Mon i tor, crew, ass i stance, norma 11 abnormaI f a i rcraft system, message, system synoptics, data processing, automatic. crew action, selection, el iminate, sean, systems paneIs t monitor, funct i on, MEMO page, d i spI ay,routine, fI i ght phase, parameter, trend, normal range, decrease, work Ioad, fa i Iure ana Iys i s T cor rective action, or ientation, mi n imi zation. refer to, paper check Ii st. manual read out, system configuration, in add i tion, generate, aud i o s i gnal, v i suaI s i gnal. transmit, cockp i t, loudspeaker, suppIy, conventiona 11 warn i ng I i ght display pane I What a pi Iot should do before a fl ight?What a pi Iot shouId do before each fI ight?What will happen if a p i Iot does preflight inspections carelessly?What are the other pref Ii ght cons i derations?What does a pi Iot have to review before each fl ight?飞机性能，飞行特征，最大重量，全重, 燃油，行李，旅客，全重限制，重心限制, cons i derabIy, ion,安全因素， inaccurate. actual fue I used, 通告，备降机场，目的地机场，跑道长度，离场/进场， uncontrol lable,有效载重，空机重量，最大全重，滑油， crucial, 重心位置.var ious loads and configurations, aircraft load,跑道表面，驾驶员操作手册，距离，operati rpm settings,燃油消耗，燃油表， significantly, t he ac tual fue I range, fue I reserve, 起落航线，pilot机场标高，外界大气温度,percent, mixture, 飞行时间，逆风，顺风， error,失速/螺旋，发动机power,What mainly determines the performanee and fI ight characteristics of your a i rcraft?What does usefuI load include?What will affect the requ i red runway length?what will affect the enduranee of the a i rcraft?What pilot' s errors are mentioned?What speeds shouId a pi Iot always keep in mind?Fami I i ar i ze himself with a I I ava i IabIe information concerning that fl ight ・Do a thorough preflight inspection.May cause acc i dents.Be sure to cons ider your a i rcraft ，s fueI capacity, consumpt ion rat® and rang e vs ・ wind condi tions of each f I i gh t. and give carefu I t hough t to en durance and fue I reserves we I I above the mini mum requi red by the FAR 5 s.To a large degree, by the plane" s maximum weight.IncIudes the weight of the oi I and fueI, baggage, and passengers.Field elevation. outside ai r temperature. ai rcraft load, and runway surface ・Mi xture, power, and rpm settings.Too fast, too sIow T stall/spin, beIow engine-out speed, exceed structuraI I imit speed, Ioss of control in turbuIenee, out of c. g. I imits. field too short for a i rcraft load and conditions, Ianded fast, or stalIed on approach are just a few of theaccident causes attr ibuted to pi Iots who just didrV t know "the numbers n for the i r a i rcraft.Stal I speeds, recommended approach speed, best rate and angle of cI imb speed, best glide speed, maneuver i ng （rough a i r ） speed, maximum never-exceed speed, and gear and flap extens ion speeds ・UNIT 4词汇翻译范围飞行操纵机构‘maneuver,俯仰，横滚，双翼机，特技（动作），高难度（大坡度）横滚转弯，失速转弯 STALL TURN,军用训练机，显示（器），team,精密机动，formation,设计，capabi I ity,原理，民用航 空器，平衡点，机头向上/向下，俯仰，swivel,偏航，翼尖，倾斜角（坡度）BANK ANGLE, device,水 平安定面，tail, rear edge,升降舵，垂直安定面/尾鳍，rear section,方向舵，accordingly,副翼， loss of I ift, corresponding,左侧/右侧‘relatively,喷气机，后缘襟翼，前缘，缝翼，扰流板，发 动机失效gain/lose height/lift, on demand, perform, be capable of, fly upside down, terms of, puI I away from, appIy t represent, go into a dive, pitch rock, from s i de to side, move up/down, form, same ・・・as …，i n con tradic tioneIevator. at the same time f achieve the lift, in addition to, run the length of,increase/decrease, ahead of, assi st. wing drops, take a bend,at speed, turn r ight/left, def I ec t, i n oppos i te d i rec ti ons, tilt down/up t st ab i I i ze the a i rcraf t, preve nt …from ・・・，oppose, for examp Ie主飞行操纵机构，液压系统，manual,辅助飞行操纵机构，减速板，moveable horizontal stab i I izer, operate as, f I ight control surface response, test, occur,滑行速度，驾驶盘，驾驶杆，方向舵脚 蹬，at the i r fu I I controI inputposi tions, El CAS, adv i sory message, respond to. nav i gator, crash, ai r I iner, poor visibi I ity,雪暴，浓雾.aviation author ities, examine,黑匣子.飞行记录器， det erm ine. int he b I i nd ingst orm, spokesman, a ma I e passenger, in jury, the dea th toll, rema ining, passengers on board, survive, escape from, wreckage, 驾驶舱窗户，with the aid of, fIame, d i rec tio nal cont ro I, 定翼机，lat eral/long it udinal/ver ti ca I ax i s, by means of, f I i gh t cont ro I surfaces 飞行操纵面.con trol devices, hinge, moveable surfaces, atti tude of an a i rcraf t, divide, major, primary/auxi I iary control surfaces, cons i st of,副翼，升降舵.方向舵，attach,后缘，水 平安定面，垂直安定面，are simi lar in construetion, vary in size, shape, and methods of attachment, are simi lar to the a I Hme tai wing, made up of, a I um inum a I I oy f a single spar, 扭力管 翼肋.fit, the Ieading and trailing edges, join, metal str ip, in many cases, form, sol id, reduce, punch, metal. fabr ic t turbo-jet powered aircraft. descr i be. conventiona 11 serve a dual purpose, function, 配平片，伺服片 servo tab,平衡片，Apart from, d i rect, in excess of, in downwards/upwards, to, rai se/lower the same--leading edge devices, actuate, shorten,着陆滑跑，IengthUNIT 4句子翻译范围The ai rcraft can gain or Iose height f turn in one di rection or another and pitch or rol I on demand・Some a i rcraft are built to perform these maneuvers to an extent which many others are not capable・When an ai rcraft goes into a d i ve the nose i s pitched downward; when it cl imbs on takeoff it is pitched upward・Swivel i ng the n ose from side t o side wi I I cause "yaw” . and rocking the a i rcraf t from s i de to s i de by its wing tips wi I I cause "roll” ・Each of these three maneuvers i s controI Ied by spec i f i c dev i ces built into the wings and tai HpIane of the ai rcraft.P i tch i s contro I I ed by the hor i zonta I stab i I i zer on the ta i I ・ The rear edges, or u e I evators” t move up or down to make the a i rcraft climb or dive・The yaw i s controI Ied by the verticaI stab i I i zer or tail-fin, the rear sect i on of wh i ch forms the rudder.To make the ai rcraft rol I there are two u ai Ierons” , one on each wing. These are used in contrad i ction to each other, so that one i s ra i sed when the other i s Iowered.When the st arboard a i leron i s ra i sed t here i s a loss of lift on that wing ・ At the same ti me,a ga in in lift is ach i eved by Iower i ng the correspond i ng a iIeron on the port s i de・In addition to the ai lerons, which are relatively smaI I on the newer jets, there are "t ra i I i ng edge flaps” wh i ch run the I eng th of the rear edge of the wing between the a i I erons and the fuse I age.To turn r ight, the ai lerons are deflected in opposite di rections. the r ight one goes up to make the st arboard wing ti It down wards, while the I ef t a i I ero n goes dow n to make the port wing tilt up.The rudder is not used actual ly to turn the aircraft but to prevent it yawing from side to side and to oppose, for example, the yaw caused by an engine failureUNIT 5词汇翻译范围跑道. 机场，pos i ti oning, dimension, vit al, p I a nner, a i rcraft manufac turer, documen t, character i st i cs, requ i rement,机场当局，d i fferent cond i t i ons, safe I y, space,滑行道，停机区域. 翼展，aspec t, insufficie nt. tight. 转弯半径. ser ious problem, I amp pos t, parking bay, substant i a I damage,盛行风，c I imate,地理位置，overall weather pattern, angle,侧风，顺风，逆风，source, sout hwester I y f t he streng th of t he wi nd t I ay out. t win runways t para I I e 11 adva nt age.Ass i st, produce, weigh, I and, take off, be ab I e to do a I Iow, accommodate, requ i re, create, maneuver large jets, clip, in re I ation to, restriet, in Ii ne with, land or take off into the wind, suggest, compensate, exerc i se, hand Ie, adopt. liet akeoff a nd landing dis tan ce, p i I ot，s opera ti ng ha ndbook, paved, dry, level run way, rough, d i r t, or grass I and i ng str i p, lengthen, overaI I takeoff d i stance. I i kewi se, stand ing water, sIush, a paved runway, an uph i I I sloping runway, increase, takeoff roll, wind d i rection and velocity, have a s ignificant effect upon, head wind, reduce, overaI I takeoff di stanee, reach its takeoff veIoc ity, become a i rborne, calm air, converse Iy, ta i I wind, acceI erate, takeoff speed, a i rspeed indicator. i n both cases, indicated a i rspeed, crosswind, takeoff performance, neg I igible, takeoff d i stance, gusting wind, requ i re, overaI I takeoff roll, avoidanee, severe weather, mini mi ze, heavy precipi tation. en gine damage, due to, water-induced, compressor s tall, encoun ter. inadvertently, follow turbulent a i r penetration procedure, thrust change, unI ess, excess i ve a i rspeed var i ations. occur, thrust I ever, engine stall, stab i Ii ze, at a selected setting, I ower cargo door, main cargo door, be operated manuaI Iy t be operated eIectrically, upper main cargo door, be manuaI Iy controI Ied. hydrauI i caI Iy actuated F a Iert, d i spI ay, ex i st, door-knob, ava i I able, door Iock, re I ease, button, pedestaI, rotate, vent i lat i on, pressure d i fferent i a I re I i ef, smoke isolation feature, i nstall, cab i n area, emergency escape f forward cab i n doorUNIT 5句子翻译范围It wi I I t e I I the a i rpor t aut hor i ties how much the a i rcraf t will we i gh and at wha t speeds it can I and and takeoff under d i fferent cond i tions.They wi I I be able to see from t h i s how long a run way needs to be to land safe I y, how much space must be a I I owed on tax i ways for the new a i rcraft to turn and how much park i ng area must be a I I owed to accommodate the wing span of the a i rcraft.These aspects of pI anning requ i re carefuI study s i nee i nsuff i c i ent space or too tight a turning circle can create ser ious problems i n maneuver i ng large jets.Another problem ai rport planners have to contend with i s the position of the runway in relation to the prevaiIing wind ・The more restrieted they are for space, the more difficuIt it wi 11 be to lay one or morerunways of 3, 600 m (12, 000 ft) exact I y where they want them.a runway shou I d I i e in line with the preva i I i ng wind so that mos t of the time the a i rcraftwi I I I and or t ake off into the wind. If the run way I i es at an an g I e to the wind there wi I I be a crosswind, which may hamper both I and i ng and takeoff・The mos t prac tical lay out for twin runw ays i s to lay t hem para I lei and t h i s has been adop ted by many of the newa i rports. The grea t advan tage i s tha t both can be used at once without either fIow of traffic hav ing to ha It for theother・L i kewi se, stand i ng water, snow or sIush on a paved runway, or an uph i I I sI op ing runway, also will i significantly increase your takeoff roll.Wind d i rection and velocity wi I 丨 a I so have a s i gnificant effect upon your takeoff roll.A head wind wi I I reduce your overaI I takeoff distanee because the airplane wi I I reach its takeoff veloci ty morequickly and, hence, wi I I become ai rborne sooner than in ca Im a i r.A gus t in g wi nd wi I I requ i re t hat you keep the airpl ane on the gro und for a s I i ght I y I on ger per i od oftime r thereby increas i ng your overaI I takeoff roll.Avoidanee of severe weather areas minimizes exposure to abnormal Iy heavy precipitation and reduces the possibi lity of engine damage due to water-induced compressor stalls・Do not take thrust changes in extremeIy heavy precipitat ion uni ess excess i ve ai rspeed var i at i ons occur.Rap i d thrust I ever movements dur i ng f I i ght i n extreme I y heavy prec i p i tat i on may cause eng i ne staI I and damage.Avoid changing thrust lever d i rection until engines have stabi I i zed at a selected setting.If eIectr i ca I power i s ava i I able, the door Iock may be re I eased eIectromagneticaI I y by a button on the pedestai.UNIT 6词汇翻译范围Flap, cru i se altitude/speed, Mode I, takeoff procedure, captain, abort, runway conditions, kg,I b, throttle. km/h, mph, dec i s i on speed, V1, veIoc i ty, second. priori ty. VR, controI co Iumn, n ose, degree, landing gear, drag, surrounding a i rspace, space, avai I able, around/some, engine, manufacture, a i rI ine, thrust, without, vaIuable time, brak i ng/ brake, wheeI brakes, a i rcraft type, jet. engi ne fa i Iure, once, permi ss ion, damageServe as t a I I theti me, make me ntal checks, confirm, ino rder, cons i der r in t he case of, aban don, at the last minute, have no time to do…，blow, push forward, gain speed, approach its takeoff speed, once and for all, acceI erate/deceIerate. I ess and Iess t have no time to do…，once, go ahead, in an emergency, from then on, keep the ai rcraft in the air, initiate takeoff, known as, rotate, pu I I back, lift, at an a ng I e of, t obeposi ti ve I y a i rbor ne, ret rac t/ex tend, reduce, gain he ight/speed, at once, congest. atta i n its des i red speed, i n stages, depend on, fail, reach, deveI op, act, without wasting a second, a fraction of, shut a I I power off, at first, keep the a i rcraft stra i ght, ra i se the spoi lers, reverse thrust, act as, share the Ioad, caIcuI ate, vary, accord i ng to. carry out, in the cor rect manner, make h i s dec i s ion, at the r i ght moment, have no trouble in doing…，by the end of, on the one/other hand, pass, to be on the point of…，become airborne, go on, des i gn, with one eng ine fa i I ed, off the ground, circle the a i rpor t. reques t permiss ion, as soon as possible, inspectpr i or to, commence a takeoff, sIush, stand i ng water, resuItant, extended ground roll, spray, contaminant, res i stance, drag,cons i derabIy, takeoff roll, contaminate, penaI i ze, takeoff performance, approx imate, equivalent to, equate to, exceed, depth, amount, melted snow, water content, den s i ty, ret ard, forward acce I era tion, t he a i rcraf st ires, adverse, ret ard i ng force, rotation speed, fluid, proportiona I, engi ne thrust, a i rcraft acceI eration rate, runway length, abort the takeoff, quest i onab I e, t akeoff d i stan ce, c I i mb - out performs nee, affe ct, d i s tri but i on, clear ice, upper wing surfaces, ambient temperature, freezing, subfreezing temperature, underside t condensat ion, drizzle, contact, accumuI at i on, pref I i ght i nspect i on, over-boost, dens i ty a 11 i tude, Power output, standard a i r F vapor i ze t pitot tube, antic i pate, preheat, thrust redu ct ion altitu de, takeoff thrus t, climb thrus t. arm, en gage, couple, phase, top of cl imb T f I igh t I eve I, gu i danee, termi naI area speed restr iction altitude, speed/aItitude constra i nts, store, data base, insert. speed and altitude targets, the top of descent, step cI imb t enroute descent, calcula te. opti mum s tepclimbpo int, ini tiate, level change, t erm inate, local izer t glide - slope, intercept. mi ssed approach, mi ssed approach procedure, engine shutdown, cI ear, active fIi ght pI an, data entry fields, defauItWhat happens if an engine fails just before the speed reaches V1?UNIT 6句子翻译范围He wi I I a I so have considered what to do in the case of a possibIe abort.If he has to abandon the t akeoff at the I as t min ute. he wi I I have no time to stop and check the run way cond i t i ons, to see wh i ch way the wind i s b I owi ng or to dec i de how to con tro I 360, 000 kg (800,000 Ib) of a i rcraft・As the 747 approaches its t akeoff speed of abo ut 290 km (180 mph) the cap tain reaches h i s deci si on speed .Thi s i s the point at which he must decide once and for a I I whether to take off or abort. Every second the a i rcraft accelerates forward there i s less and less runway on which the a i rcraft can stop, so the pilot has no time to waste.Once he has dec i ded to go ahead with the t akeoff and passes V1 he mus t forge t a I I t hough ts of aborting in an emergency.The cont ro I co I umn i s pul led back and the nose of the 747 lifts or u ro tat es n i nto the a i r at an angle of about12 degrees・Gradua I Iy the f I aps f wh i ch have been extended for takeoff, are retracted as the 747 ga i ns height and speed and thea i rcraft cI imbs away to find its cru i se altitude.Th i s may not be poss i bIe at once i f the surround i ng a i rspace i s congested.What happens if an engine fails just before the speed reaches V1?The pi I ot mus t act quickly and calmly, wi thou t wast i ng a second of va I uab I e t i me or a tract i on of runway.Th i s speed var i es accord i ng to the a i rcraft type.If the p i Iot has carr ied out h i s takeoff in the correct manner and made his deci si on to abort at the r i ght moment, he shouId have no troubIe i n stopping by the end of the runway.Once safe I y off the ground the p i I ot wou I d probab I y c i rc I e the a i rport and request permi ss i on to land as soon as possibIe to inspect the damage・UNIT 7词汇翻译范围Lan d i ng, judgmen t, reason, an ormal flight, rad i o beac or\ VOR, int erva I F f I i gh t path, a i r traffic control T holding point, traffic controller T speed, height, altitude, altimeter settings, barometric pressure, eIevat i on. above/be I ow sea I eve I, dev i ce, atmospheric pressure, touchdown, instrument Ianding system, invisible, radio beam, via, fI ight deck, once, point of referenee, outer marker, per imeter, runway approach I ight, final approach f landing gear, passenger. flap, ft, touchdown point, threshoId, undershooting/overshooting. glide path, brake, spoi ler, engine thrust. tax i i ng speed, park i ng bay, option, maximum/minimum, procedure, a norma I takeoff, ma Ifunet ion, potential danger, fauIty landing gear, a foam I and ing, emergency serv i ceRequ i re t more••-than …，cons i der, be c I ear i n h i s mi nd, at the I as t mi nu te. gu i de, a guide, a ser ies of, abort, be situated, inform, reach, report. turn r ight/left, adopt, advise, refer to, compensate for F set the barometrie pressure subsea。
航空飞行专业术语英汉对照
★航空飞行专业术语1、the airframe 机身,结构2、The front (fore) part 前部3、The rear (aft) part 后部4、port 左旋(舵)5、starboard 右旋(舵)6、the inboard engine or inboards 内侧发动机7、the outboard engine or outboards 外侧发动机8、the nose 机头9、the belly 腹部10、the skin 蒙皮11、the windscreen or windshield 风挡12、the wing 机翼13、the trailing edge 机翼后缘14、the leading edge 机翼前缘15、the wing tip 翼尖16、the control surface 操纵面17、ailerons 副翼18、flaps (inboard flap,outboard flap,leading edge flaps) 襟翼（内侧襟翼，外侧襟翼，前缘缝翼）19、spoilers (inboard\outboard spoiler)(spoiler down\up) 阻力板，扰流板（内、外侧扰流板）（扰流板放下、打开）20、slats 缝翼21、elevators (elevator control tab) 升降舵（升降舵操纵片）22、rudder (rudder control tab) 方向舵（方向舵操纵片）23、flap angle 襟翼角24、flap setting 襟翼调整25、the full flap position 全襟翼位置26、 a flapless landing 无襟翼着陆27、the landing gear 起落架28、stabilizer 安定面29、the nose wheel 前轮30、gear locked 起落架锁定31、the wheel well 起落架舱32、the wheel door 起落架舱门33、 a tyre 轮胎34、to burst 爆破35、 a deflated tyre 放了气的轮胎36、 a flat tyre 走了气的轮胎37、 a puncture 轮胎被扎破38、to extend the flaps (to retract the flaps)放下襟翼（收上襟翼）39、gear extention (gear retraction) 起落架放下（起落架收上）40、The gear is jammed. 起落架被卡死。
航班时间不确定英语作文
航班时间不确定英语作文英文回答：The uncertainty surrounding flight times is a common concern for travelers. This variability can be attributed to several factors, including weather conditions, airtraffic congestion, and operational delays.Weather Conditions: Adverse weather, such as thunderstorms, snowstorms, and high winds, cansignificantly impact flight schedules. These conditions may lead to delays or even cancellations to ensure the safety of passengers and crew.Air Traffic Congestion: In major airports, particularly during peak travel periods, air traffic congestion can cause significant delays. Overcrowded airspace and limited runway capacity can result in aircraft being forced to hold or re-route, affecting flight times.Operational Delays: Delays can also arise from operational issues such as mechanical malfunctions, crew shortages, or unexpected maintenance requirements. These unforeseen circumstances can disrupt flight schedules and cause delays.Communication to Passengers: Airlines typically striveto keep passengers informed of any anticipated delays or changes in flight times. They may do so through email, text messages, or in-app notifications. However, it's importantto remember that flight times are not always accurate and may be subject to further revisions.Managing Uncertainty: To mitigate the impact ofuncertain flight times, travelers can take several measures:Check flight status frequently: Monitor the airline's website or app for updates on flight times.Arrive at the airport early: Allow extra time to check in, go through security, and factor in potential delays.Be flexible with travel plans: If possible, avoid booking connecting flights with tight layovers or making inflexible travel arrangements.Consider purchasing travel insurance: Travel insurance can provide financial protection against unexpected delays or cancellations.中文回答：航班时间的不确定性，对于旅客来说是一个常见的问题。
飞行记录本中英文对照.
目录第一部分航线填本常用语句范例......检查发现. (1)参考/按....更换（件）......，检查/测试正常. (2)检查发现...故障，按...保留，...号/类别，同意放行. (4)按...，更换...件，测试正常，撤消/关闭...保留.. (4)遭遇鸟击 (5)为判断...故障/因为航材缺件，对串...件，测试.. (6)更换......件，试车检查 (7)第二部分飞机/故障基础知识飞机概况 (7)方位描述 (9)航材 (10)故障描述 (10)解决故障 (13)第三部各章节单词和故障描述用语A T A21空调 (16)A T A22自动驾驶 (18)A T A23通信 (20)A T A24电源 (23)A T A25设备和装饰 (25)A T A26防火 (27)A T A27飞行控制 (29)A T A28燃油 (33)A T A29液压 (35)A T A30防冰/防雨 (37)1A T A31指示/记录系统 (38)A T A32起落架 (45)A T A33灯 (49)A T A34导航 (53)A T A35氧气 (59)A T A36气源系统 (61)A T A38水和废物 (62)A T A44客舱系统 (64)A T A49辅助动力装置 (66)A T A52门 (68)A T A55安定面 (71)A T A71动力装置 (71)A T A73发动机燃油和控制 (73)A T A74点火 (74)A T A75发动机空气 (74)A T A76发动机控制 (74)A T A77发动机指示 (78)A T A78排气 (79)A T A79发动机滑油 (79)A T A80起动 (80)2第一部分航线填本常用语句范例……检查发现/报告故障……1.航后：检查发现左后航行灯不亮。
AF：Checked and found L AFT NAV light was not on.Do AF Check and find L aft position light does not work.Do AF Check and find L aft navigation light does not work.Do Task：TZ-AF-01，find L aft position light does not work.Do Task：TZ-AF-01，find L aft navigation light does not work.2.检查发现右前轮销磨损超标。
飞行记录本常用汉译英
飞行记录本常用汉译英飞行记录本英译常用词句飞机A/C（是aircraft 的英文缩写形式）航前检查preflight check航后检查postflight check 短停检查transit check定检scheduled maintenance 发现found或revealed故障trouble 或failure 或fault 失效fail 或malfunction不工作inoperative 缩写INOP 工作不稳定rough工作稳定smoothly 排故troubleshooting为了排故for troubleshooting 不能fail to…或can’t根据refer 或per to 或according to；维护手册AMM更换replaced 件号part number 缩写P/N时控件time control part 拆下removed安装installed 上件part on下件part off 因停场时间不足due time short放行标准DDG（是dispatch deviation guide）最低设备清单MEL（是minimum equipment list）南航传真CSN fax 同意放行dispatch approved 或released因为due 或because 待件wait for parts没有备件lack parts 或no spare parts available 或no parts in stock申请保留apply for reservation 保留故障defer defect保留项目defer item 保留期限due time关闭保留项目close deferred item 撤消保留项目rescind deferred item前部forward 缩写fwd 后部after 缩写aft左left 缩写L 或LH 右right 缩写R 或RH上面upper 下面lower内侧inboard 缩写I/B 外侧outboard 缩写O/B内侧发动机inboard engine 外侧发动机overboard engine起落架landing gear 缩写LDG 主轮main wheel前轮nose wheel 测试test通电测试power-on test 安装测试test for installation操作测试operational test 系统测试test for system正常normal 或OK 异常abnormal在空中in flight 在地面on ground地面检查GND check 试车检查running-up test（同机）对串件interchanged…with…（不同机间）对串件exchanged…with或robbed…from…更新数据库updated database 开关switch电门switch 正常位NORM备用位ALTN 人工manual自动auto 选择select（注：通常也用缩写形式SEL）按钮button 旋钮knob按压press 把住hold释放release 顺时针clockwise逆时针counterclockwise 预置preset重新设置reset 一致agree不一致disagree 不对称asymmetric卡阻jammed 杆lever 或stick 或column操纵杆control column 控制面板control panel手柄handle 方向盘steering wheel放电刷static discharge wick 遮光板glareshield风挡windscreen 或windshield 雨刷wiper调整adjust 或regulate 重新调整readjust销子pin 例如安全销safety pin 插头plug插座socket 插针pin电阻resistor 线路wire在…之间between…and…引线lead跳开关circuit breaker 继电器relay螺帽nut 螺栓bolt螺钉screw 松动loose脱落fall off 拧紧tighten丢失lost 或missing 鸟击birdstrike凹坑dent 损坏damaged烧蚀burn through 烧坏burn out扎伤punctured 磨损wearing 或worn在范围内within limits 超标out of limits见线exposed threads 油箱tank燃油fuel 滑油oil液压油hydraulic fluid 泄露leak（注：也常用名词leakage）& 是and的简写符号，表示“和”，“又”等意思No. 是number的缩写，表示号码，例如1号为No.1 机长captain 副驾驶first officer 缩写F/O观察员observer 乘务员attendant机头nose 机腹belly蒙皮skin 机身airframe翼肋rib 翼梁spar机翼wing 翼尖wing tip前缘leading edge 后缘trailing edge操纵面control surface 客舱cabin 或passenger compartment 座位seat 排row（如：第5排译作row 5）过道aisle 地板floor天花板ceiling 隔板partition厨房galley 厕所toilet驾驶舱cockpit 货舱cargo轮舱wheel well 缩写W/W 设备舱bayATA 21空调空调air-conditioning 缩写a/c 空调舱air-conditioning pack自动驾驶autopilot 冲压空气作动器ram air actuator出气活门air outlet valve 排气活门exhaust valve温度控制活门TEMP CONT valve 引气bleed air自动automatic缩写AUTO 人工manual正常normal 缩写NORM 备用alternate 缩写ALTN设备冷却equipment cooling 排气扇exhaust fan供气扇supply fan 低流量low flow头顶分配管overhead distribution duct 进气管inlet duct主热交换器primary heat exchanger 次热交换器secondary heat exchanger 增压室plenum 增压pressurization加热heating 压力控制pressure control滤网filter 温度指示器temperature indicator客舱高度cabin altitude 压差指示器differential press indicator 客舱爬升率cabin rate of climb 空气循环机air cycle machine 缩写ACM主分配管main distribution manifold 客舱压力控制组件cabin press control module 水分离器water separator 压力选择面板press selector panel控制继电器control relay 人工超控继电器manual override relay 传感器sensor 过热电门overheat switch压气机出口过热电门compressor outlet overheat switch 外溢活门outflow valve单向活门check valve 关断活门shutoff valve释压活门relief valve 配平调节活门trim modulating valve风挡windshieldATA22 自动驾驶自动驾驶autopilot 液压hydraulic 缩写HYD副翼aileron 襟翼flap缝翼slat 安定面stabilizer方向舵rudder 升降舵elevator扰流板spoiler 减速板airbrake传感器transducer 发射机transmitter马赫配平作动器mach trim actuator 自动油门auto-throttle偏航阻尼器yaw damper 失速管理stall management机长captain 副驾驶first officer 缩写F/O观察员observer 伺服马达servo motor速度配平speed trim 巡航cruise起飞/复飞电门takeoff/go around switch 俯仰pitch横滚roll 驱动组件drive unit跳开关circuit breakerATA23 通信通信communication 旅客广播passenger address 缩写PA天线antenna 选呼select call 缩写SELCAL娱乐系统entertainment system 磁带机tape reproducer内话interphone 语音记录器voice recorder天线偶合器antenna coupler 乘务员面板attendant panel话筒headset 指示灯indicator light氧气面罩oxygen mask 音频控制面板audio control panel音频选择面板audio select panel 语音/数据继电器voice/data relay呼叫电门call switch 收发机transceiver应急定位发射机emergency locator transmitter 无线电频率组件radio frequency unit遥控电子组件remote electronics unitATA24 电源电源electrical power 电瓶battery电压计voltmeter 发电机generator启动机starter 静变流机static inverter外电源external power 地面服务电门ground service switch变压器transformer 汇流条电源控制组件bus power controlunit 备用电源控制组件standby power control unit 变频器converter整流器rectifier 保险丝fuseATA25设备和装饰设备equipment 装饰furnishing医药箱medical kit 厨房galley厕所lavatory 旅客座位passenger seat过道aisle 逃离绳escape lanyard隔板sidewall panel 电子舱electronics bay旅客服务组件passenger service unit 站位station逃离滑梯escape slide 内窗inner window后货舱AFT cargoATA26 防火防火fire protection 灭火瓶fire extinguisher bottle头顶探测器overhead detector 龙骨梁keel beam过热探测器overheat detector 发动机支架engine strut大翼过热探测器wing overheat detector 主轮舱main wheel well烟雾探测smoke detector 厕所烟雾指示灯lavatory smoke indicator light 火警灯fire warning light 过热探测控制组件overheat detector control module 测试电门test switch 故障/不工作和过热/火测试电门FAULT/INOP and OVHT/FIRE test switch 灭火测试电门extinguisher switchATA27 飞行控制飞行控制flight control 机翼wing翼尖wing tip 副翼配平作动器aileron trim actuator升降舵调整片elevator tab 地面扰流板ground spoiler前缘缝翼leading edge slat缩写LE slat 后缘襟翼trailing edge flap缩写TE flap方向舵配平作动器rudder trim actuator 副翼组件aileronassembly抖杆stick shaker 放出extend收起retract 保险fuse襟翼位置指示器flap position indicator 襟翼收放测试test for R/E（retract/ extend的缩写形式）flaps 预位arm 转换机构transfer mechanism驱动电动马达drive electric motor 驱动液压马达drive hydraulic motor失速警告测试面板stall warning test panel 放下down收上up 安定面配平stabilizer trim控制杆control column 速度刹车speed-brake自动缝翼控制活门auto-slat control valve 内锁活门interlock valve旁通活门bypass valve 控制轮control wheelATA28 燃油燃油fuel 中央油箱center tank加油指示fueling indicator 预选preselect加油喷嘴refuel nozzle 燃油系统面板fuel system panel大翼加油面板wing fueling panel 增压泵boost pump加油浮子电门refuel float switchATA 29液压液压hydraulic 液压管路hydraulic line液压作动筒hydraulic actuator 液压泵hydraulic pump压力控制活门pressure control valve 压力传感器pressure sensor释压活门relief valve 流量控制活门flow control valve密封圈seals 刹车压力指示brake press indicator故障探测fault detector 热交换器heat exchanger排放油滤drain filter 储油箱reservoir回油滤return filter 低压电门low pressure switch液压过热警告电门hydraulic overheat warning switch 压力传感器pressure transmitterATA30 防冰/防雨防冰和雨anti-ice & rain 风挡windshield雨刮rain wiper 皮托管pitot废物waste 窗户加热电源window heat power加热面板heat panel 总温传感器total temperature sensor防冰自动油门电门anti-ice auto-throttle switch 风挡传感器电门windshield sensor switch热电门thermal switch 左/右侧窗户温度热控制组件L / R side window heat control unit 进气整流罩inlet cowl 热防冰活门thermal anti-ice valveATA31 指示/记录系统指示indicating 仪表indicator 或gauge记录recording 显示display控制面板control panel 飞行记录仪flight recorder位置传感器position sensor 起落架音响警告landing gear aural warning时钟显示clock display 主警告master caution打印机printer 测试接头test connector耦合器coupler 马赫空速mach airspeed固态飞行数据记录仪solid state flight data recorder控制杆位置传感器control column position sensor控制轮control wheel 地面扰流板内锁活门GND spoiler interlock valve 升降舵位置传感器elevator position sensor 方向舵踏板位置传感器rudder pedal position sensor 副翼位置传感器aileron position 地面扰流板升起压力电门GND spoiler up press switch 显示组件display unitATA32 起落架起落架landing gear 缩写LDG 机轮wheel主轮main wheel 前轮nose wheel左外left outboard 或left outside（注：left通常可用大写L表示）左内left inboard 或left inside 右外right outboard 或right outside（注：right通常可用大写R表示）右内right inboard 或right inside 刹车brake 刹车蓄压器brake accumulator 主起落架main landing gear 上锁作动器uplock actuator下锁作动器downlock actuator 前起落架nose landing gear转弯steering 防滞anti-skid起落架锁定gear locked 起落架舱门wheel door轮舱wheel well 放轮gear extension收轮gear retraction 收放测试test for R/E（retract/ extend的缩写形式）起落架被卡阻gear jammed 轮胎tyre爆胎burst 瘪胎deflated tyre轮胎被扎破puncture 轮胎tyre见线exposed threads 磨损wear 或worn out裂纹cracks 超限out of limits在范围内within limits 空/地继电器air/ground relay自动刹车autobrake 刹车保险brake fuse人工释放manual extension 液压刹车压力指示器hydraulic brake pressure indicator 停留刹车parking brake 故障灯fault light 解除预位灯disarm light 不工作灯INOP light限流器flow limiter 扭力杆torsion link人工放出机构manual extension mechanism 放下并锁上传感器down and locked sensor收上并锁上传感器up and locked sensor 下锁弹簧downlock spring减振支柱shock strut 侧支柱side strut阻力支柱drag strut 人工放出限制电门manual extension limit switch刹车踏板电门brake pedal switch 前轮转弯电门nose wheel steering switch防滞传感器antiskid transducer 刹车调节活门brake metering valve加注活门charging valve 选择活门selector valve转换活门transfer valve 隔离活门isolation valve防滞活门antiskid valve 往复活门shuttle valveATA33 灯灯light 闪光灯strobe light航行灯navigation light 缩写NA V light 防撞灯anti-collision light着陆灯landing light 信号灯signal light下滑灯approach light 机翼照明灯wing illumination light标志灯logo light 滑行灯taxi light应急照明灯emergency light 机身灯fuselage light转弯灯turnoff light 尾灯tail light窗灯window light 荧光灯fluorescent lamp地板灯floor light 阅读灯reading lamp灯座lamp socket 或lamp base 灯架lampholder地图灯cap light 灯组件light module明bright 暗dim灯泡bulb 烧坏burn out灯罩lamp cover 灯亮on 或illuminate灯灭off 或turn offATA34 导航导航navigation 缩写NA V 天线antenna数据库database 顶端top底端bottom 下滑道glide slope指点信标marker beacon 无线电高度接收机radio altitude receiver无线电高度发射天线radio altitude transmitter antenna 气象雷达weather radar近地警告ground proximity warning 缩写GND PROX WARN 无线电导航radio navigation 姿态指示仪attitude indicator 测距仪询问机DME interrogator应答机transponder 收发机transceiver惯导inertial reference 主注意master cautionATA35 氧气氧气oxygen 氧气面罩oxygen mask流量控制flow control 充气控制inflation control热补偿thermal compensator 机组氧气瓶crew oxygen cylinder 氧气发生器oxygen generator 氧气压力指示oxygen pressure indicator旅客氧气面罩passenger oxygen mask 机组氧气面罩crew oxygen mask氧气系统组件oxygen system module 氧气系统面板oxygen system panel安全销safety pin 压力调节器pressure regulator氧气指示继电器oxygen indicator relay 高度压力电门altitude press switch机组氧气传感器crew oxygen transducer 乘务员服务组件attendant service unit厕所服务组件lavatory unit 旅客服务组件passenger service unit超压释放活门overpressure relief valveATA36 气源系统气源pneumatics 引气活门bleed air valve双压力指示dual pressure indicator 引气调节器bleed air regulator预冷控制活门传感器precooler control valve sensor 超温电门over temperature switch恒温器thermostat 总管压力传感器manifold press transmitter APU引气活门APU bleed air valve 单向活门check valve引气隔离活门bleed air isolation valve 预冷控制活门precooler control valve地面气源ground pneumaticATA38 水和废物水和废物water & waste 真空通风机vacuum blower排放管drain line 排放接头drain fitting厕所水加热器lavatory water heater 水压缩机water compressor水量指示water quantity indicator 空气过滤air filter水服务面板water service panel 控制手柄control handle废物量指示waste quantity indicator 不工作/测试电门INOP/TEST switch逻辑控制组件logic control module 压缩机控制继电器compressor control relay内锁电门interlock switch 水压限制电门water pressure limit switch废物箱waste tank 水箱water tank真空马桶vacuum toilet 加注/溢流活门fill/overflow valve球形活门ball valveATA49 辅助动力装置辅助动力装置auxiliary power unit 缩写APU 进气门作动器air inlet actuator导向叶片guide vane 燃油增压泵fuel boost pump排气温度exhaust gas temperature 缩写EGT 数据记忆组件data memory module滑油位传感器oil level sensor 滑油温度传感器oil temperature sensor速度传感器speed sensor 进气门位置电门air inlet door position switch 热电耦thermocouple 燃油控制组件fuel control unit点火组件ignition unit 喘振活门surge valveATA52 门门door 登机门entry door警告电门warning switch 平衡组件counterbalance assembly 紧急出口emergency exit 货舱门闩cargo door latch接近面板access panel 门上锁面板door unlock panel安定面配平stabilizer trimATA56 窗窗window 门窗door mounted window旅客窗passenger compartment windowATA71 动力装置动力装置power plant 发动机engine发动机短舱nacelle 发动机吊舱pod风扇fan 风扇叶片fan blade进气罩inlet cowl 涡流控制装置vortex control device 缩写VCD 释压门pressure relief door 接近门access door滑油箱oil tank 风扇罩fan cowl铰链hinge 风扇罩面板闩fan cowl panel latch发动机架engine mount 发动机燃烧室engine combustor高压涡轮组件high pressure turbine assembly 附件齿轮箱accessory gearbox传动齿轮箱transfer gearbox 转子，叶轮spinner气缸cylinder 转速revolution per minute 缩写RPM尾喷管nozzle 磁堵magnetic plug发动机慢车位idle 发动机喘振surge发动机停车engine shutdown 发动机熄火engine flame outATA73 发动机燃油和控制发动机燃油和控制engine fuel & control 燃油系统fuel system 燃油箱fuel tank 通气孔vent加油栓fuel hydrant 燃油管路fuel line放油活门dump valve 燃油泵fuel pump燃油滤fuel filter 接头joint燃油流量表fuel flow indicator 导线束wiring harness燃油总管fuel manifold 燃油喷嘴fuel nozzle发动机控制面板engine control panel 插头plug备用电源继电器alternate power relay 风扇进气温度传感器fan inlet temperature sensor 压差电门differential pressure switch 电子发动机控制electronic engine control 缩写EEC 燃油流量传感器fuel flow transmitterATA74 点火点火ignition 点火激励器ignition exciter发动机起动电门engine start switch 发动机点火电门engine ignition switchATA75 发动机空气发动机空气engine air 可变引气活门variable bleed valve 缩写VBV高压涡轮间隙活门HP turbine clearance valve 缩写HPTCV低压涡轮间隙活门LP turbine clearance valve 缩写LPTCV位置传感器position transducer 过渡引气活门transient bleed valveATA76 发动机控制发动机控制engine control 起动杆start lever点火电门ignition switchATA77 发动机指示发动机指示engine indicatingATA78 排气排气exhaust 反推thrust reverser套筒sleeve 同步锁SYNC lock顺序电门sequence relay 控制电门control switch发动机附件组件engine accessory unitATA79 发动机滑油发动机滑油engine oil 润滑剂lubricant润滑lubrication 滑油管路oil line探测器detector 回油scavenge回油过滤scavenge filter 主滑油/燃油热交换器main oil/fuel heat exchanger 滑油压力传感器oil pressure sensor 滑油压力表oil pressure indicator滑油温度表oil temperature indicator 滑油散热器oil cooler滑油温度传感器oil temperature sensor 滑油滤旁通警告电门oil filter bypass warning switch 滑油箱oil tank 滑油量传感器oil quantity transmitter润滑组件lubrication unitATA80 起动起动stating 发动机起动活门engine start valve常用语句……检查发现……1. 航后检查发现左后航行灯不亮。
飞行管制相关的英文词汇
飞行管制相关的英文词汇飞行管制相关的英文词汇有24个，这24个英文词汇如下：
1.Air traffic control (ATC) 空中交通管制
2.Control tower 控制塔
3.Flight controller 飞行管制员
4.Radar 雷达
5.Flight plan 飞行计划
6.Clearance 许可，放行
7.Approved flight path 批准的飞行路径
8.Altitude 高度
9.Speed 速度
10.Course 航向，路线
11.Airway 航路
12.Route 航线
13.Air traffic advisory service 空中交通咨询业务
rmation service 信息服务
munication service 通信服务
16.Radar service 雷达服务
17.Flight data service 飞行数据服务
18.Flight service 飞行服务
19.Navigational service 导航服务
20.Meteorological service 气象服务
21.Air traffic control unit 空中交通管制单位
22.Flight strips/flight record strip 飞行记录本
munication, navigation and surveillance/CNS 系统(通信、导航监
视)系统
24.Area navigation/RNAV 非仪表飞行程序(航路点程序)。
关于航班的英语作文
关于航班的英语作文Title: The Dynamics of Air Travel: Navigating the Skies。
In the realm of modern transportation, air travelstands out as a marvel of engineering and human innovation. With its vast network of routes connecting destinations worldwide, the aviation industry plays a pivotal role in shaping global connectivity and economic development. Inthis essay, we delve into the intricacies of air travel, exploring its significance, challenges, and the experiences it offers to passengers.First and foremost, the significance of air travel cannot be overstated. It serves as a catalyst for international trade, tourism, and cultural exchange. By shrinking the world and facilitating swift movement across continents, air travel fosters economic growth and globalization. Moreover, it serves as a vital lifeline in times of emergencies, enabling rapid response to natural disasters, medical emergencies, and humanitarian crises.However, beneath the surface of its glamour lies a complex web of challenges and considerations. One of the primary concerns in air travel is safety. Airlines and regulatory authorities prioritize stringent safety measures to ensure the well-being of passengers and crew. From rigorous aircraft maintenance to comprehensive training for pilots and crew members, safety remains paramount at every stage of the journey.Another challenge that the aviation industry faces is environmental sustainability. While air travel offers unparalleled speed and efficiency, it also contributes to carbon emissions and environmental degradation. In response, airlines are increasingly adopting measures to reduce their carbon footprint, such as investing in fuel-efficient aircraft, implementing sustainable practices in operations, and exploring alternative fuels.Furthermore, the logistical aspect of air travel presents its own set of complexities. Coordinating flight schedules, managing airport operations, and handlingbaggage logistics require meticulous planning and coordination. Delays, cancellations, and overbooking are common issues that passengers may encounter, underscoring the need for effective communication and customer servicein the aviation industry.Despite these challenges, air travel continues to captivate passengers with its unique experiences and opportunities. For many, flying represents more than just a means of transportation—it embodies a sense of adventure, excitement, and discovery. From the thrill of takeoff to the awe-inspiring vistas seen from the airplane window, air travel offers moments of wonder and awe that linger in the memories of passengers.Moreover, the in-flight experience has evolved to cater to the diverse needs and preferences of passengers. From gourmet meals and entertainment options to comfortable seating and personalized service, airlines strive to enhance the overall journey experience. Furthermore, the advent of technology has transformed the way we interact with air travel, with online booking platforms, mobilecheck-in, and inflight connectivity revolutionizing the passenger experience.In conclusion, air travel occupies a central position in the modern world, facilitating global connectivity, economic growth, and cultural exchange. While it presents challenges in terms of safety, sustainability, and logistics, its significance cannot be overlooked. As the aviation industry continues to evolve and innovate, air travel will remain an indispensable component of our interconnected world, shaping the way we explore, connect, and experience the wonders of the globe.。
飞行术语（Flightterminology）
飞行术语（Flight terminology）Vice principal driving fly (PF), the captain to perform monitoring pilot (PMCaptain: CCopilot: F/OThe main flight: PFMonitoring pilot: PMVertical navigation (VNAV)Automatic processing climbing through the use of FMC in VNAV and AFDS VNAV function, cruise and descent. The input to the PERF INIT page data used by FMC to calculate the performance of vertical plane. See in the LEGS page climb and cruise forecast data is derived from this information. When an entry or near the route down to the LEGS page limit compilation, FMC will calculate the decline, and in the LEGS page generation decline forecast data.Press the VNAV key on the CDU out of the VNAV page. VNAV has three pages are available, climb, cruise and descent stage. The current page is determined by the phase of flight. At the top of climb (T/C) before press the VNAV button to display the VNAV CLB page. In the T/C and decreased the vertex (T/D) between the press the VNAV button to display the VNAV CRZ page. At T/D, press the VNAV button to display the VNAV DES page. At any time you can use the NEXT and PREV PAGE function keys to view all pages.When VNAV is the current AFDS mode, EADI will display the VNAV SPD or VNAV PTH. VNAV SPD said the speed of the aircraft is to keep the aircraft pitch. The pattern of decline in VNAV or VNAV (speed climbing intervention model) when switched on. VNAV PTH said the aircraft speed is used to keep the thrust. This pattern in all levels during the recovery of VNAV and VNAV channel decline during the connection.VNAV.According to the FMC input to the VNAV CLB page and LEGS page data to construct a VNAV profile. VNAV is by pressing the VNAV button on the MCP connection after take-off. The VNAV is switched on, the FMC control limit airspeed accelerated to FMC set the. FMC maintain the take-off speed until it reaches the TAKEOFF REF page programmed acceleration height (default 1000 feet). Then the FMC control from the initial flap retraction speed limit velocity acceleration. When the flap retraction, the default target speed to the 250 day, if the waypoint SID LEGS page in the lower limit. Over 10000 feet (default value), the target speed becomes either FMC set economic or climbing speed climbing speed manual selection. The economy is based on the input PERF INIT climb airspeed page cost index calculated.VNAV will climb all the flight to VNAV SPD in FMC TRP is used to calculate the maximum available power control airspeed. After taking off the VNAV is turned on, TRP will automatically enter CLB mode. The climbing stage continued until the arrival of the cruise altitude FMC system.In the middle of climbing in the process of change in level flight can occur in two ways: a highly restricted LEGS page to arrive, it is part of the SID, or AFDS MCP ALT FMC met is set below the cruising altitude. When faced with a highly restricted LEGS page, VNAV PTH will fly through mode change. The plane flew over the limit until the maintain level flight route when the abolition of the restriction. VNAV will continue to climb to cruise altitude FMC SPD model. When the cruise altitude met MCP ALT set below FMC when,It will turn on the AFDS ALT HOLD model, and the speed control to MCP. To continue to climb VNAV, the MCP ALT must be reset to a higher level and VNAV must by pressing the VNAV button on the MCP is switched on again.In the process of climbing in the temporary airspeed changes you can use the AFDS MCP on the "speed intervention" mode to deal with. According to the choice of airspeed can open the knob on the MCP airspeed window. VNAV climb airspeed can set MCP now. Press again the airspeed selector knob will cancel the speed and speed control of the intervention mode, return to FMC.Climb the vertex (T/C) when FMC reached cruising altitude. Along the route will display a "T/C" symbol indicates the location prediction of top of climb. When T/C arrived, the aircraft to VNAV PTH leveled off, and VNAV cruise pages into the current VNAV page.VNAV CruiseWhen the height level in the FMC system the cruise aircraft fly,VNAV PTH mode is switched on to the page of VNAV and cruise control on the operation of automatic switch. When FMC and AFDS MCP ALT cruise height consistent, VNAV PTH model is preferred. This is because the ALT HOLD mode is not switched on in this case.The default cruising airspeed set by FMC PERF INIT page input cost index based on economic airspeed. Cruising speed can be changed by entering a new cruise airspeed in manual page, or by selecting a cruise on the page LRC> prompt to choose long-distance cruising. Temporary change in the rate of intervention model can use airspeed described above to deal with.Once reached cruising altitude of VNAV, the height change during the cruise phase with a cruise climb or descent pattern processing. When a new high input to the FMC and AFDS MCP ALT cruise set and it is consistent, this mode can be switched on. The plane will use VNAV SPD model to climb or descend to the new height of the choice. When MCP ALT was originally set to a different height, then the AFDS in VNAV PAT mode, until the FMC cruise altitude setting and it is consistent. Moreover, if FMC is set to a cruising altitude of different values and MCP ALT remains the same, then the plane will continue flying in VNAV PAT know MCP ALT is set to the same.In the course of the cruise airspeed change can be used to temporarily AFDS MCP on the "speed intervention" mode. According to the selection knob is turned on the MCP airspeed airspeed window. VNAV can be used to set up MCP cruise airspeed value now. According to the choice of a knob on the abolitionof airspeed speed intervention model, speed control back to FMC.The cruise phase continues to decline at the vertex (T/D). This is the approach and landing point to begin down. T/D is set by the FMC according to the LEGS page entry waypoint height limit calculation. The T/D symbol of the current route display said forecast a decline of vertex position. When T/D arrived, VNAV DES becomes the current page VNAV page.VNAV decreasedThe original VNAV channel is decreased from TD to LEGS on the page the first waypoint height limit calculation. The first channel is set using the VNAV DES page in the local airspeed (IDLE) thrust calculation.All subsequent decline was calculated for the decline in a straight line between the height limit LEGS page selected conditions and requirements of the thrust of the airspeed. Drop in VNAV PTH mode.In order to start an automatic drop when the aircraft is at T/D, the MCP ALT must be set to a lower level. If the plane arrived at T/D and MCP height has not been reset, then the AFDS will enter the ALT HOLD mode. In order to restore the decline of VNAV control, you must select a lower height on the MCP, and must press AFDS VNAV button.The default drop airspeed set by FMC is to calculate the PERF INIT page input cost index based on economic airspeed. Dropairspeed could be changed by a decline in the page to enter a new space. The rate of decline is also can be changed by setting the waypoint airspeed limitation on the LEGS page. When a route point limit airspeed, airspeed will change DES page for the new value. Temporary change in the rate of intervention model can use airspeed described above to deal with. Rate of decline under the mode of intervention will take the current VNAV mode from VNAV PTH to VNAV SPD.To drop the first height limit is in the idle thrust. When the throttle to idle in the process of decline, A/T enter the THR HOLD mode. Drop by FMC monitoring in order to maintain airspeed, airspeed in a downward departure instruction +/-15 section.The intermediate level decreased during the flight can occur in two ways: the height restrictions on a LEGS page STAR/ approach to AFDS MCP ALT, or have set higher than FMC height limit. When the height limit LEGS page met a demand leveled off when is leveled off VNAV PTH connected mode. Aircraft maintain level flight reach final waypoint know the same height limit, fell to a height limit in the waypoint VNAV to PTH. If MCP ALT is set to the height limit is higher than that of the LEGS page, AFDS to enter the ALT HOLD mode in the height reached MCP. To continue with the VNAV MCP decreased, ALT must be reset to a lower value, and according to the AFDS VNAV button.At T/D, shows a vertical path indicator in the EHSI display on the right side of (VTI). The VTI pointer just above or below the VNAV plane down the channel. The pointer is in the range of +/-400 feet. Schedule page second page also has a VTK ERROR line shows the vertical trajectory deviation accurately thenumber of feet.In the process of decline if necessary temporary airspeed changes can use speed intervention treatment mode of AFDS on MCP. According to the selection knob is turned on the MCP airspeed airspeed window. VNAV decreased airspeed MCP can be used to set the value now. In accordance with a selector knob will cancel the airspeed speed and speed control of the intervention mode, return to FMC.In the last stage, VNAV will enter a "near" mode. Activate this did not show the sub pattern in the following circumstances:The distance to 25 nautical miles;The first route point over the approach;If the runway is the current waypoint;The flap is selected.In this mode, when the speed of MCP window is opened, FMC still maintain the speed of MCP in the VNAV PTH mode and A/T.This approach allows the VNAV used in the intervention mode of approach speed.Continue to decline stage, declines to know the destination airport end. The end of decline is usually selected as close to the runway. If you do not select a runway, down end (E/D) on the LEGS page is the last waypoint, it has a highlyrestricted.。
飞机航道作文英文
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文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!As the airplane takes off, it follows a designated route known as an airway or air route. These routes are carefully planned and monitored to ensure the safety and efficiency of air travel.The airways are essentially highways in the sky, with specific lanes for planes to follow. They are marked by radio beacons, which allow pilots to navigate through the air. These beacons transmit signals that are picked up by the plane's navigation equipment, helping the pilot to stay on course.Airways are designed to avoid obstacles and other potential hazards, such as mountains, restricted airspace, and weather patterns. They are also designed to minimize the distance traveled, which helps to save fuel and reduce costs.Air traffic controllers are responsible for monitoringthe airways and ensuring that planes are following the correct routes. They use radar and other tools to track planes and communicate with pilots to provide guidance and instructions.In addition to airways, planes can also fly on "direct routes" or "great circle routes," which are the shortest distance between two points on the earth's surface. However, these routes may not always be the most efficient or safe, as they may pass over areas with restricted airspace or unfavorable weather conditions.Overall, the airways play a crucial role in air travel, providing a safe and efficient route for planes to follow. By carefully planning and monitoring these routes, we can ensure that air travel remains one of the safest and most reliable forms of transportation.。
飞机手册英文缩写
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• There are three stages to an IFR flight: departure, en route, and approach. For each stage there are standard, published procedures to allow IFR aircraft to move in a safe, orderly way, from the moment the wheels leave the runway to the moment they touch down again. These procedures also allow an IFR aircraft to complete a flight predictably in case of communication failure with ATC, with default altitudes and headings for every stage, and any modifications to the route.
• 目视飞行
在可见天地线、地标的天气条件下，能 够判明航空器飞行状态和目视判定方位 的飞行。目视飞行机长对航空器间隔、 距离及安全高度负责。
Airspace in flight
• Airspace is divided into two basic types: Controlled airspace exists where it is deemed
VFR
• Visual flight rules (VFR) are a set of aviation regulations under which a pilot may operate an aircraft in weather conditions sufficient to allow the pilot, by visual reference to the environment outside the cockpit, to control the aircraft's attitude, navigate, and maintain safe separation from obstacles such as terrain, buildings, and other aircraft. A VFR flight is a "flight conducted in accordance with the visual flight rules".
necessary that air traffic control has some form of positive executive control over aircraft flying in that airspace.
Uncontrolled airspace is airspace in which air traffic control does not exert any executive authority, although it may act in an advisory manner.
Terminology in Flight
Main terms:
• IFR • VFR • VOR • NDB • DME • ILS
IFR
• Instrument flight rules (IFR) are a set of regulations and procedures for flying aircraft whereby navigation and obstacle clearance is maintained with reference to aircraft instruments only, while separation from other aircraft is provided by Air Traffic Control.
• 仪表飞行
在看不清天地线和地标的情况下，飞行员完 全根据飞机上的各种仪表指示操纵飞机的飞行。 这种飞行，飞行员不能直观感觉飞行状态，每 个仪表又只能反映出飞行状态的某一参数，因 此飞行员必须熟悉各种仪表位置及其指示特点， 全面合理地分配注意力。飞行的操纵动作应柔 和、细致，修正偏差要及时、准确。仪表飞行 比目视飞行更容易疲劳。仪表飞行始于1929年， 之后随着仪表设备的改进和飞行范围的扩大， 仪表飞行成为飞行员必须掌握的基本飞行驾驶 技术。
VOR
• VOR, short for VHF Omni-directional Radio Range, is a type of radio navigation system for aircraft. VORs broadcast a VHF radio composite signal including the station's morse code identifier (and sometimes a voice identifier), and data that allows the airborne receiving equipment to derive a magnetic bearing from the station to the aircraft.
• IFR is an alternative to visual flight rules (VFR), where the pilot is ultimately responsible for navigation, obstacle clearance and traffic separation using the see-and-avoid concept. The vast majority of commercial traffic (any flight for hire) and all scheduled air carriers operate exclusively under IFR.