何家弘法律英语共52页
2024年何家弘法律英语教学课件.
2024年何家弘法律英语教学课件.一、教学内容本课件依据《法律英语》教材第九章“国际贸易法”的内容进行设计。
详细内容包括：国际贸易的基本概念、国际贸易术语、国际贸易合同的构成要素、国际货物买卖法、国际贸易支付方式、国际贸易争议解决等。
二、教学目标1. 理解并掌握国际贸易法的基本概念和术语。
2. 学会分析国际贸易合同的主要构成要素，并运用到实际案例中。
3. 了解国际贸易支付方式及争议解决途径，提高解决实际问题的能力。
三、教学难点与重点教学难点：国际贸易合同构成要素的理解与应用，国际贸易支付方式的区别及选择。
教学重点：国际贸易法的基本概念、术语以及国际贸易合同的相关知识。
四、教具与学具准备1. 教具：多媒体课件、黑板、粉笔。
五、教学过程1. 导入：通过展示一个实际的国际贸易案例，引出本节课的主题。
2. 新课内容：讲解国际贸易法的基本概念、术语，分析国际贸易合同的构成要素，介绍国际贸易支付方式和争议解决途径。
a. 知识讲解：通过实例和图表，帮助学生理解国际贸易法的基本概念、术语。
b. 例题讲解：分析具体案例，让学生学会运用所学知识解决实际问题。
c. 随堂练习：布置相关练习题，巩固所学知识。
六、板书设计1. 2024年何家弘法律英语教学课件2. 内容：a. 国际贸易法基本概念、术语b. 国际贸易合同构成要素c. 国际贸易支付方式d. 国际贸易争议解决七、作业设计1. 作业题目：c. 简述国际贸易支付方式及其优缺点。
2. 答案：a. FOB（Free On Board）：船上交货价，卖方在合同规定的装运港，将货物过船舷后，风险转移给买方。
CIF（Cost, Insurance and Freight）：成本加保险费加运费，卖方负责办理货物运输、保险，并支付相关费用，直至货物到达合同规定的目的港。
DDP（Delivered Duty Paid）：完税后交货，卖方承担将货物运至目的地的一切费用和风险，包括关税。
何家弘法律英语课件第一课
何家弘法律英语课件第一课一、教学内容本节课我们将学习《何家弘法律英语》的第一课，主要涉及教材的第一章内容，详细探讨法律英语的基本概念、特点和应用。
重点学习法律英语的词汇、句式结构以及法律文书的翻译技巧。
二、教学目标1. 了解法律英语的基本概念、特点和应用。
2. 掌握法律英语的基本词汇和句式结构。
3. 学会翻译法律文书，提高法律英语实际运用能力。
三、教学难点与重点1. 教学难点：法律英语的专业词汇和句式结构。
2. 教学重点：法律英语的基本概念、特点以及翻译技巧。
四、教具与学具准备1. 教具：PPT、黑板、粉笔。
2. 学具：教材、笔记本、字典。
五、教学过程1. 导入：通过一个实际案例，让学生了解法律英语在实际工作中的重要性。
2. 理论讲解：（1）介绍法律英语的基本概念、特点和应用。
（2）讲解法律英语的词汇和句式结构。
3. 例题讲解：（1）给出一个法律英语句子，分析其结构，解释专业词汇。
（2）给出一个法律文书，演示翻译过程。
4. 随堂练习：（1）让学生翻译一个法律英语句子。
（2）让学生翻译一段法律文书。
5. 互动环节：分组讨论，让学生分享学习心得和翻译经验。
七、板书设计1. 法律英语基本概念、特点和应用。
2. 法律英语词汇、句式结构。
3. 法律文书翻译技巧。
八、作业设计1. 作业题目：翻译一篇法律英语文章。
九、课后反思及拓展延伸2. 拓展延伸：鼓励学生阅读法律英语相关书籍，提高法律英语水平。
整个教学过程注重实践情景引入，让学生在实际案例中感受法律英语的魅力。
通过例题讲解、随堂练习和互动环节，帮助学生巩固所学知识，提高实际运用能力。
同时，注重课后反思和拓展延伸，激发学生的学习兴趣，培养其自主学习能力。
重点和难点解析1. 教学难点与重点的确定。
2. 教学过程中的例题讲解和随堂练习。
3. 作业设计及其答案的提供。
4. 课后反思及拓展延伸的实施。
一、教学难点与重点的确定1. 法律英语专业词汇：法律英语中含有大量的专业词汇，如contract（合同）、tort（侵权）、litigation（诉讼）等。
何家弘法律英语52页PPT
25、学习是劳动，是充满思想的劳动。——乌申斯基
谢谢！
何家弘法律英语
11、战争满足了，或曾经满足过人的 好斗的 本能， 但它同 时还满 足了人 对掠夺 ，破坏 以及残 酷的纪 律和专 制力的 欲望。 ——查·埃利奥 特 12、不应把纪律仅仅看成教育的手段 。纪律 是教育 过程的 结果， 首先是 学生集 体表现 在一切 生活领 域—— 生产、 日常生 活、学 校、文 化等领 域中努 力的结 果。— —马卡 连柯(名 言网)
13、遵守纪律的风气的培养，只有领 导者本 身在这 方面以 身作则 才能收 到成效 。—— 马卡连 柯 14、劳动者的组织性、纪律性、坚毅 精神以 及同全 世界劳 动者的 团结一 致，是 取得最 后胜利 的保证 。—— 列宁 摘自名言网
15、机会是不守纪律的。——雨果
பைடு நூலகம்
21、要知道对好事的称颂过于夸大，也会招来人们的反感轻蔑和嫉妒。——培根 22、业精于勤，荒于嬉；行成于思，毁于随。——韩愈
何家弘法律英语词汇资料全
-*AAbsolute['æbsəlju:t] proof 绝对证明absolute property 绝对财产（权）abstract of title 产权书摘要acceleration clause 提前（偿还）条款acceptance 承诺accident report 事故报告accident insurance 意外保险accusation 指控；控告accusatorial procedure 控告程序accusatorial process of proof 控告证明过程（程序）accusatorial system 控告或诉讼程序accused 被指控者accuser 控告人acknowledgement 认知(书)acquittal 无罪判决act 条例；作为Act for the prevention of Frauds and Perjuries 《预防诈欺和伪证条例》action 诉讼；作为actual losses 实际损失adjudication 裁决；裁定administrative law 行政法administrative law judge 行政法法官administrative procedure 行政程序administrator 管理人；监管人admissible 可采的admissibility 可采性admit 采用；允许adoption 收养adulterous conduct 通奸行为ad valorem property tax 从价财产税adversarial hearing 对抗式听证会adversarial process 对抗式程序adversary 对手adversary trial system 对抗式（或抗辩）审判制度advocacy 出庭辩护；诉讼代理advocate 辩护人；诉讼代理人affidavit 正式书面陈述affirm 维持（原判）affirmation 保证书；证词affirmative 确保的agency （行政）机关agency action 机关（行政）机关agreed upon remedies 补救协议agreement 协议-*agreement-as-written 书面协议agreement -in-fact 事实协议alibi 阿里白（不在犯罪场的证明）alienation of affection 离间夫妻关系allegation 声称；指控allege 诉称；指控alleged offense 所控罪行alternate juror 替补陪审员amendment 修正案American Bar Association 美国律师协会American Law Institute 美国法学会analogy 类推Anglo-American Legal System 英美法系anonymous accusation 匿名控告appeal 上诉appear 出庭appellant 上诉人appellate action 上诉行为appellate court 上诉法院appellee 被上诉人appealer 上诉人appropriate 拨款appurtenant 附属物arbiter 仲裁人arbitrary武断的arbitration仲裁arraignment初审array 陪审员名单arrest 逮捕arrest warrant 逮捕令（证）arrestee 被捕人article 条款，文章article of authority 授权条款articles of confederation 《联帮条例》articles of incorporation 公司组织章程artificial person 法人Asian American legal defense and education fund亚裔美国人法律辩护与教育基金会assault 意图或威胁伤害assert 主张，宣称asset 资产assistant attorney 助理法官associate judge 副法官associate justice 副大法官assumption 违约合同，违约赔偿之诉assumption 假定attempt 意图，企图-*attempted escape 逃脱未遂attestation 证词attorney 代理人，律师attorney at law 律师attorney general 检察长authentication 鉴定authority 权力，法源，权威性依据automobile insurance 机动车保险automobile tort 机动车侵权行为autonomy 自治（权）Bban 禁令，禁止banishment 流放bankruptcy 破产bankruptcy discharge 破产债务解除bankruptcy judge 破产法官bar 律师职业bar association 律师协会barrister 出庭律师battery 殴打bench trial 法官审beneficiary 受益人benefit 收益，福得bigamy 重婚罪bill of lading 提单bill of right 《人权法案》bind over 具保，具结binder 临时保险单binding 有约束力binding contract 有约束力的合同binding force 约束力binding interpretation 有约束力的解释black-letter law （普通接受之基本原则的）黑体字法black nation bar association 全美黑人律师协会blue sky law 蓝天法（关于股票买卖控制的法律）Board of Governors（ABA）（美国律师协会的）董事会body of law 法体bond 债券；保释金bond instrument 债券契据branding 鞭笞breach 违约；破坏bride 贿赂bribery 贿赂（罪）-*bright-line test 明显界限检验标准broker 中间人brokerage fee 佣金；中介费brother-sister corporation 兄弟公司；姊妹公司Bulk Sales Act《大宗销售条例》burden 责任burden of going forward with the evidence 先行举证责任burden of persuasion 说服责任；证明责任burden of producing evidence 举证责任burden of proof 证明责任burglary入室盗窃（罪）business corporation实业公司business law 实业法business organization 实业组织buy-out agreement（股权）承买协议buy-sell agreement（股权）买卖协议bylaws（内部）章程CCalifornia Penal Code《加州刑法典》capital account 资本帐户capital crime 可判死刑罪capital punishment 死刑capital surplus 资本盈余capitation tax 人头税career criminal 职业罪犯career judiciary 职业法官case briefing 案情摘要case-in-chief 主诉case law 判例法case method 案例教学法case report 判决报告case reports 判例汇编casualty insurance （意外伤害）保险catalog 商品目录（单）certificate 证书certificate of existence 实体存在证明（书）challenge 置疑；挑战challenge for cause有理回避chancery court 衡平法院charging instrument 控告文件checks and balances 制衡（原则）chief judge 首席法官chief justice 首席大法官child abuse 虐待儿童circuit court 巡回法院circuit judge 巡回法官-*circumstantial evidence 旁证；情况证据citation 引证cite 援引；传讯civil court 民事法civil forfeiture 民事罚没civil law 民法Civil Law Legal System 民法体系civil liability 民事责任civil Liberty 民事自由civil Litigation民事诉讼civil procedure 民事诉讼程序civil suit民事诉讼Civil trial 民事审判Civil right 民权Civil right law 民权法Civil War Income Tax Act 《内战所得税条例》Claim 诉讼请求，索赔Classification of law 法律分类Close corporation内部持股公司Closely held corporation 内部持股公司Closing 终结，成交，结帐Closing argument 最后论述Closing statement成交声明Code 法典Code of Judicial Conduct 《法官行为准则》Codify 编成法典Co-felon 共同重罪犯Cohabitation 同居Collateral contract 附属合同Collegiate bench 合议席Collegiate panel 合议庭Commercial clause 商务条款，贸易条款Commercial law 商法Commercial paper 商务文件Commission佣金Commit 交托，犯（罪）Commitment 犯罪，许诺，委托Commitment of financing 融资许诺Common law 普通法Common law damages 普通法赔偿金Common law legal system(family) 普通法法系Common law marriage 普通法婚姻Common property 共同财产Common stock 普通股票Community property 共同财产Comparative law 比较法-*Comparative negligence 比较过失Compensation 赔偿（金）Compensatory damage 应予赔偿之损害Competence 管辖权限Competency 有效性Complaint 控告，申诉Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act 《滥用毒品的综合预防与控制条例》Compulsory license 强制性许可Concur附条件地同意Concurring opinion 并存（判决）意见Confer 授与Conference 协商会议Confidential information 保密信息Confiscation 没收Conflict law 冲突法Congress 国会Consent 同意，认可Consideration 对价，约因Constitution 宪法Constitutional Convention 制宪会议Constitutional law 宪法Constitutional tort 宪法性侵权Constitutionality 合宪性Construction （法律的）结构，解释Construe 解释，分析Consultation 磋商Consumer protection statute 消费者保护法律Consumption tax 消费税Continental Law Legal System(or Family) 大陆法系Contingent fee 胜诉酬金Continuance 诉讼延期Contract 合同Contract dispute 合同纠纷Contract formation 合同构成Contract interpretation 合同解释Contract law 合同法Contract performance 合同履行contractor 承包商contravence 触犯;违犯contributory negligence 共同过失controlling law 应适应之法律conversion 非法占有convey 转让conveyance 转让-*convertible bond 可转换债券conviction 有罪判决convincing evidence 使人信服的证据copyright 版权;著作权corporal punishment肉体刑corporate camsel 公司法律顾问corporate excise tax 公司执照税corporate law 公司法corporation 公司corporation aggregate 合有公司corporation code 公司法典corporation law 公司法corporation sole 独有公司corpus 尸体;本金Council on legal Education Opportunities 法律教育机会委员会counselor (法律)顾问;律师counselor-at-law 律师court 法院;法官court decision 法院判决court fee 诉讼费court of appeals 上诉法院court of chancery 衡平法法院court of claims 索赔法院court of customs and Patent Appeals 关税及专利上诉法院court of domestic relations 家庭关系法院court opinion 法院判决意见courtroom 法庭coverage 保险范围crime 犯罪crime code 刑法典crime homicide 有罪杀人crime justice system 刑事司法系统crime law 刑法crime liability 刑事责任crime procedure 刑事诉讼程序cross-examination 交叉盘问;盘诘cruel and unusual punishment 残忍和非常的刑罚cumulative evidence 累计证据curative 临时监护的curriculum guide 课程指南custody 监护custom duty 关税customary law 习惯法customary practice 惯例customs court 关税法院-*Ddamage 损害;损伤damage claim 损害赔偿请求damages 损害赔偿金deadlocked jury 僵局陪审团death penalty 死刑death tax 遗产税debenture 债单(券)debt securities 债权证券decide a case 判案deed 契约deed book 文契汇编defamation 诽谤default 不履行;违约defendant 被告人defence 辩护defence attorney 辩护律师defense's case-in-chief 辩护方主讼deficiency judgment 不足额判决degrees of murder (恶意)杀人罪的等级delegation 授权delegated legislation 授权立法deliberate intention 故意deliberation (陪审团)评议demonstrative evidence 示意证据deprivation 剥夺derogatory treatment of the work 对作品的贬毁性处理(或使用)designs 设计detract 毁损;贬低developer (土地)开发商dicta 判决附带意见dignity 尊严direct evidence 直接证据direct examination 直接盘问direct tax 直接税disability insurance 残疾保险disabled dependent child 无谋生能力的残疾儿童discharge 解雇;释放discount 贴现;折扣discovery 要求告知discrete risk transfer product 离散性风险转移(保险)产品discretion 自由裁量权discriminatory 歧视性税收dispense 执行;施行-*dispute 争议;纠纷disposition 处置(权)dissent 异议;反对dissenting opinion 异议;反对意见dissolution 解散distort 歪曲;误解district attorney 地区检查官database right 数据权dividend 股息division of title 产权分割divorce 离婚docket 备审案件目录doctrine 法则;原则doctrine of constitutional supremacy 宪法至上原则doctrine of Maranda Warnings 米兰达忠告原则document 文件;文书document of title 产权证书domant Commerce Clause 休眠的"贸易条款"domicile 住所地double jeopardy 一罪二审draft 起草;草拟draftman 起草者drug trade 毒品交易drug trafficking 毒品交易dry run 干转;排练due diligence 适当努力due process 正当程序Due Process Clause 正当程序条款due process test 正当程序检验标准duration 期限duress 强迫;胁迫duty 义务;关税duty of care 照看义务Eearnest money 定金easyment 地役权ecclesiastical court 宗教法庭economic law 经济法effective date 生效日期effective time 生效时间element of crime 犯罪要素(件) empower 授权enact 制定;颁布en banc 全体法官出庭审判encroachment 侵占-*encumbered property 抵押财产enforce 实施；执行enforceable 可强制执行的enforceability 可执行性enforcement of Law 执法English-American Legal System (or Family) 英吉利法系enjoin(衡平）强制令entail 限定继承entity 实体environmental impact statement 环境影响报告environmental Law 环境保护法Environmental protection Agency(EPA) 环境保护局environmental quality 环境质量equal protection clause 平等保护条款equitable relief 衡平救济equity 衡平法equity Law 衡平法equity precedent 衡平法判例equity securities 产权证券；衡平证券error 过错escape 逃走；逃脱escrow 第三者保存合同essential justice 实质公正estate 财产；遗产estate tax 遗产税ＥＵDirective 欧盟指令evaluate 评价evict 逐出（租户）evidence 证据evidentiary presumption 证据推定evidentiary rule 证据规则ex aequo at bono 公平且善良examine 检查；盘问examination 检查；盘问exception 例外exception clause 例外条款excise tax 执照税exclude 排除exclusive listing 读家上市exclusive right 排他性权利exclusive tax situs 唯一征税地点excusable homicide 可宽恕之杀人execute 执行；签属execution 执行executive acts 行政条例executive branch 行政部门-*executive order 行政命令executor (遗嘱）执行人executor of estate 遗产执行人exemption 免除；豁免exhibit 展示物（证）exigent circumstance 紧急情况existing securities 上市证券exparte 单方面的expectation damages 预期赔偿金expert 专家（证人）expert testimony 专家证言expert witness 专家证人express contract 明示合同express statutory provision 法律明文规定express warranty 明示保证（保修）ex rel 依据告发face amount 面颊face value 面植facilitate 促使：利于fact 事实fact in issue 争议事实factor 因素；代理商Factors Lien Act 《代理商留置权条例》Fair trial 公平审判false imprisonment 非法拘禁family law 家庭法fault 过错fault principle 过错原则feasibility study 可行性研究Federal Administrative Procedure Act 《联邦行政程序》Federal Antitrust Law 《联邦犯托拉斯法》federal convention 联邦制宪会议federal crime of murder 联邦杀人罪Federal Housing Act 《联邦住房条例》Federal Income Tax Act 《联邦所得税条例》federal judge 联邦法官Federal rules of civil procedure 《联邦民事诉讼规则》Federal rules of criminal procedure 《联邦刑事诉讼规则》Federal rules of evidence 《联邦证据规则》Federal securities act 《联邦证券条例》federal supremacy 联邦至上（原则）Federal tort claims act 《联邦侵权索赔条例》felon 重罪犯-*felony 重罪felony-murder 重罪杀人fiduciary 受托人file 档案；注册file a petition 呈交诉状；提出请求fine 罚金fingerprint 手印fire insurance 火灾保险fire protection 消防first degree murder 一级谋杀first instance 一审fixture （不动产）附属物flogging 烙印force of law 法律效力forcible felony 暴力性重罪foreign exchange risk 外汇风险forfeiture 没收；罚没form contract 格式合同form of evidence 证据的形式formal adjudication 正式裁决formal rulemaking 正式规则制定formation 构成；鉴定franchise tax 特许经营税fraud 诈欺free enterprise system 自由企业制度free movement of goods 自由物流，货物的自由流通freedom of choice 选择自由frustrate 使受挫折fundamental law 基本法fundamental right 基本权利Ggeneral acceptance standard (科学证据的)公认标准general partnership 一般合伙general property 一般财产（权）general provisions 总则gerontocratic 老人统治的gift tax 赠予税government tort 政府侵权（行为）grant of power 授权gross negligence 严重过失group insurance 团体保险guarantee 担保guardian 监护人guardianship 监护权guidelines for sentencing 量刑指南guilt 有罪-*guilty 有罪的guilty 有罪答辩Hhabitual offender 惯犯hail insurance 冰雹保险handcuff 手铐handwriting 笔迹health insurance 健康保险health regulation 卫生法规hearing 听证（会）hearing of jury 陪审团听审hearsay 传闻证据heir 继承人hierarchy 等级制度high crime 重罪hold 认定；裁定holding 认定；裁定holding device 拥有手段（形式）homicide 杀人（罪）homosexuality 同性恋house counsel （公司）专职法律顾问husband-wife relationship 夫妻关系husband-wife tort 夫妻侵权（行为）IId. 同上identification 认定；确认身份；身份证ignore 忽视；驳回illegal 非法的；违法的immaterial 无实质性的immigration law 移民法immovable property 不动产immunity 豁免（权）impair 损害；削弱impeachment 弹劾；质疑implementation 实施；执行implied contract 默认合同implied warranty 默认保证（保修）imprisonment 监禁imputable 可归罪于……的imputation 归罪in re 关于；案由in recess 休庭in rem 对物的（诉讼）in session 开庭inadmissible evidence 不可采证据incarceration 禁闭；监禁incest 乱伦-*income tax 所得税Income Tax Act 《所得税条例》income tax on corporations 公司所得税income tax on individuals 个人所得税incompetence 无行为能力；无法律资格incompetent 无行为能力的；无法律资格的incorporation 法人；公司；组成公司incorporator 公司创办人independent regulatory agency 独立规制机构indicative list 指导性名单indictment 起诉书indirect evidence 间接证据indirect tax 间接税individual choice 个人选择（权）individual freedom 个人自由individual omni competence 个人全权individual proprietorship 个体业主individual right 个人权利ineffective 失效的inequality 不平等infamous 罪恶的；丑恶的inference 推理;推论infliction 处罚informal adjudication 非正式裁决informal rulemaking 非正式规则制定information 信息; 控告书infomer 耳目;情报员initial ruling 初步裁定injunction 禁令;强制令injunctive relief 强制救济injure 伤害injustice 不公正innocence 无罪innocent 无罪的;无罪者innocent owner defense 无过错所有人辩护inquiry 调查inquisitiorial system 纠问式诉讼制度insane 精神失常insanity defense 精神失常辩护inspection 检查;审查installment land vendor 分期付款的土地出售人installment plan agreement 分期付款购物协议instruction 指示instrument 文件insurable interest 可保利益-*insurable loss 可保损失insurance agent 保险代理商insurance binder 临时保单insurance broker 保险中间人insurance card 保险卡insurance coverage 保险范围insurance law 保险法insurance policy 保险单;险种insurance premium 保险费insurance proceeds 保险收益insurance product 保险项目insured 被保险人insurer 保险人intangible 无形的intangible damage 无形损害intangible property 无形财产intangible personal property 无形的人身财产(权)inter alia 除了别的以外interfere 干涉;侵犯interlocutory injunction 临时强制令;(诉讼)中间的强制令intermediate appellate court 中级上诉法院intermetional business 调解interrogation 国际商务intentional 故意的intentional tort 故意侵权行为interest 利息;权益;利益interest rate risk 利率风险interview 询问invalid 无效的;不合法的invalidate 使无效invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私权investigation 侦查;调查investment 投资investment portfolio risk 投资风险组合investment securities 投资证券irrelevancy 无相关性irrelevant 不相关的irrelevant evidence 无相关性证据irrevocable 不可撤销的irrevocable life insurance trust 不可撤销的人寿保险信托itinerant judge 巡回法官Jjoint tenancy 共同租借(权)joint venture 合资企业joint venture corporation 合资公司-*joint venture with Chinese and foreign investment中外合资企业judge 法官judge-made law 法官立法judge's chamber 法官室judge's charge to jury法官对陪审团的指令judge's instruction to jury 法官对陪审团的指示judgment判决，裁定judicial branch 司法部门judicial clerkship 法院书记员职位judicial decision 法官职位judicial district 司法区judicial interpretation 司法解释judicial notice 司法任职judicial opinion 法官判决意见judicial review 司法审查judicial scrutiny 司法检查judicial subjectivity 审判主观性judicial system 法院系统judiciary 法官jurisdiction 司法管辖区jurisprudence 法理学juror 陪审员jury 陪审团jury charge 法官对陪审团的指令jury pool待选陪审员库jury selection 挑选陪审员jury trial陪审团制justice 公正，大法官justice of the peace 治安法官justifiable homicide 正当杀人juvenile court 未成年人法庭juvenile delinquency 未成年人违法行为ＫKey man assurance 关键人保险Key person insurance关键人保险Kickbacks 回扣Kill杀人Killer 杀人者Know-how 技术秘密，商业秘密Ｌland use law 土地使用法last clear chance doctrine 最后明显机会法则law 法，法律law firm 律师事务所law merchant商业习惯法-*law of evidence证据法law reform 法律改革lawsuit 诉讼，官司lawyer 律师lawyer in government 政府律师；官方律师lawyer in private practice 私人开业律师lawyerette 律师娘lawman 外行人lay witness 普通证人；非专家证人lease 租赁lease agreement 租赁协议legacy 遗产legacy tax 遗产税legal 合法的legal advice 法律咨询legal commentary 法律评论legal education 法律教育legal effect 法律教育legal enforcement 法律效力legal English 法律英语legal family 法系legal history 法律史legal instrument 法律文件legal mechanism法律机制legal memorandum 法律备忘录legal methodology 法律方法论legal order 法律秩序legal problem 法律问题legal profession 法律职业legal protection 法律保护legal relationship 法律关系legal representative 法律代表legal safeguard 法律保障（措施）legal system 法律体系；法律制度legal theorist 法学理论家legal writing 法律文书写作legalese 法律涩语legality 法制legislation 立法legislative branch 立法部门legislative history 立法史legislature 立法机关legitimate 合法的levy 征收（税）liability 责任；债务liability insurance 责任保险liberty 自由license plate （车）执照牌-*license tax 执照税lien 留置（权）life estate 终生财（遗）产life insurance 人寿保险limited partnership 有限合伙liquidated damages 预定违约金liquidity risk 流动资金风险literary property 著作产权litigant 诉讼当事人litigation 诉讼；打官司livestock insurance 家畜保险loan 贷款lord chancellor (英国)大法官loss of rights 丧失权利MMagistrate 司法官Magna Charta of great Britain 《英国大宪章》mail order 邮购majority opinion 多数（法官）的意见malicious prosecution 恶意起诉malfeasance 渎职（罪）malpractice 渎职行为mandate 命令；授权mandatory insurance law 强制保险法manslaughter 非恶意杀人marine insurance 海上保险marital status 婚姻状况marital status classification 婚姻状况的分类maritime tort 海上侵权行为market economy 市场经济marriage 婚姻marriage ceremony 婚礼marriage certificate 结婚证书marriage law 婚姻法marriage relationship 婚姻关系marriage termination rule (残疾人领取社会保险补助的)婚姻终止规则material 实质性的materiality 实质性maxims of equity law 衡平法准则-*Mayflower Compact “五月花号”公约medical malpractice 医生不当行为mental capacity 心智能力mental condition 精神状态mentor 辅导教师minor issue 枝节问题；未成年人问题Miranda Warning 米兰达忠（警）告misapply 错误适用misdemeanor 轻罪mislaid property 错置财产misrepresentation 虚假陈述mistrial 无效审判mock trial 模拟审判Model Business Corporation Act 《标准实业公司条例》Model Penal Code 《标准刑法典》Model State Administrative Procedure Act 《标准洲行政程序条例》modern commerce Power test 现代商务（贸易）权力检验标准modern delegation of power doctrine 现代授权法则monopolization 垄断monopoly right 专有权moot court 模拟法庭mortgage 抵押（品）motion 动议，请求movable property 动产multiple listing 多重上市；多重登记Multistate Bar Exam 多洲律师资格考试murder 恶意杀人；凶杀murderer 杀人犯mutilation 断肢NNational Association for the Advancement of Colored People 全国有色人种促进会National Conference of Black Lawyers 全国黑人律师大会-*National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform state Laws 统一各洲法律全国代表大会National Environmental Policy Act 《全国环境政策条例》National Institute of Minority Lawyers 全国少数民族律师学会National Law Journal 《国家法律学报》narcotics distribution 麻醉品供销narcotics trafficking 麻醉品交易narcotics violation 麻醉品违法行为natural justice 自然公正negative form of protection 否定（或消极）形式的保护negligence 过失negligent homicide 过失杀人negligent tort 过失侵权行为negotiable instrument 票据negotiation 谈判；协商New Deal （罗斯福）“新政”no contest 无争辩no par share 无面值股票non-profit corporation 非营利公司norm 规范；标准not guilty plea 无罪答辩notice 通知notice of transfer 过户通知notification 通知；通报notion 概念nullification process 无效程序Oobject 反对objection 反对；异议obligation 义务occupancy agreement 占用协议offender 犯罪人offense 罪行offer 要约；发盘offer of Proof 提供证明-*Old Boy Network 老哥们关系网Omission不做为：不履行义务Omni competence有全部权利Opening statement开场陈述Opening testimony意见证言Oral contract口头合同Order命令；次序Pperforms' rights 表演权peril 危险perjure作伪证perjury伪证罪perpetrate犯罪perpetator犯罪人ordinance法令personal property动产outstanding balance未付款额personal right人身权利outstanding share已发行股票personal tort人身侵权overrule推翻；驳回persuasive authority劝导性发源ownership所有权petition申请ownership interest所有权力petty misdemeanor微罪physical exhibit展示物品physical injury身体伤害panel团或组plaintiff原告人par value面值plea答辩paramour奸夫plea of guilty有罪答辩parent child relation父子女关系plea of contest无争辩答辩parent corporation母公司plea of guilty无罪答辩parent unfitness父母不胜任-*police警察parole假释police magistrate警务法官partnership合伙police magistrate court警察法院passage of title产权转移police power警察权利passive investor消极投资人policy政策patent专利policy holder投保人paternity父亲身份poll tax人头税penal code刑法典portfolio of risk风险组合penalty刑罚possession占有权pending待决postponement延迟penitentiary监狱practice law从事律师工作penitentiary sentence监禁刑practicing lawyer开业律师penology刑法学practice of law律师事物per curiam依法院所定precedent判例peremptory challenge强制回避precedential support判例支持perform履行predeprivation hearing执行剥夺前的听证performance履行predictability可预见性performance bond履行保证金preept 优先于Preferential claim 优先索赔权Preferred stock 优先股票Prejudice 偏见-*Preliminary exanimation 预审Preliminary hearing 预审听证会Preliminary injunction预先执行令Preliminary negotiation预谈判；初步协商Premises房屋；上述房屋Premium保险费；红利；溢价prenticed seizure 通知前扣押preponderance of proof 优势证明preponderant evidence 优势证据prescription 时效；规定presentation 陈述persistence investigation 量刑前调查presidential Assassination Statute 《暗杀总统法》presumption innocence 无罪推定pretrial motion 审前动议prevailing doctrine 优势法则；流行学说prevail 优先（适用）prima facie 表面的；初步的prima facie evidence 有表面证据之案prima facie evidence 表面证据primary authority 主要法源principle of legality 法制原则privacy 隐私权private corporation 私有公司private law 私法private property 私有财产private prosecution 私诉privilege 特权；特许权；特免权privileges and immunities clause 特权与豁免条款prose 自己；亲自probable cause 可能理由；合理原因probate court 遗嘱检验法院probation 缓刑probation officer 缓刑官probative value 证明价值probativeness 证明性-*procedural history 程序史procedural regime 诉讼制度procedural safeguard 程序保障procedure 程序proceedings 诉讼；程序product liability 产品责任profit 利润profit corporation 营利公司progeny 后代prohibition 禁止promise 许诺promulgation 颁布proof 证明proof beyond a reasonable doubt 超出合理怀疑的证明property 财产property law 财产法property right 财产权利property tax 财产税property tort 财产侵权行为proponent 支持者；提议者proprietor 个体业主proprietorship 个体企业proscription 禁止；剥夺公权prosecuting attorney 公诉律师；检察官prosecution 起诉prosecutor 检察官；起诉人prosecutor’s case-in-chief 检方主诉prospective juror 将任陪审员prostitute 妓女protective tariff 保护性关税prove 证明Provision 规定，条款Provisions of Oxford 《牛津条例》Psychiatrist 精神病学家Public charge 受政府救济者、Public corporation 公有公司Public defender 公共辩护律师Public good 公益-*Public law 公法Public offense 公罪（侵犯公共利益的犯罪）Public property 公共财产Public prosecution 公诉Public prosecutor 公诉人，检察官Public utilities 公共事业Public held corporation 公众持股公司Punishable 可处罚的Punishment 刑罚Punitive sanction 惩罚性处分Purpose 目的，宗旨Pursuant to law 依法QQualified property 有限制财产Quantum meruit （无合同规定时）按合理价格支付，合理给付Quasi tort 准侵权行为Quote 引用，引证RRacial discrimination 种族歧视Racial segregation 种族隔离Rain insurance 雨水保险Rarnpant 猖獗的Rape 强奸Ratify 认可Rational relationship test 合理关系检验标准Real estate 不动产Real Estate Settlement Procedure Act 《不动产纠纷解决程序条例》Real evidence 实在证据Real property 不动产Reasonable basis 合理根据Reasoning 论证，推论Rebuttable presumption 可驳回推定Rebuttal evidence 反驳证据Recess 休庭Reciprocal exemption statutes 互免税法律-*Reckless conduct 疏忽大意行为Reckless homicide 疏忽大意杀人Recourse 追索权，求偿权Recovery 追索，补偿Redemption 赎回Redress 矫正，赔偿Registration sticker 注册贴签Regulation 法规，规章Rehearing 复审Reinstatement （权利）恢复Reinstatement fee 恢复费Release 释放Relevancy 相关性Relevant evidence 相关证据Relief 救济Remand 发回重审Remedy 补救Repeal 废止，撤消Repealer 废止议案Repeat offender 累犯Representation 代理Res ipsa loquitur 不言自明的Reservation of power 权利保留Reserve 储备金（保险）预备金Reserve portfolio of risk 预备金组合风险Resolution 决议，解决Rest 停止陈述Restatements of law 《法律注释汇编》Restitution 恢复原状Restitutionary relief 恢复原状的救济Restraint 约束；限制retain 连任retire 退休；退庭retroactive 有溯及力的retroactive effect 溯及力revenue 税收revised uniform limited partnership act 统一有限合伙修订条例-*revocable trust 可撤销的信托revocation 撤回right 权利right to privacy 隐私权rigid procedure 刚性程序risk 风险risk transfer 风险转移robbery 抢劫（罪）roman law 罗马法roman law legal system(or family)罗马法系roster 花名册；专门人员名单rule of evidence 证据规则rule of law 法治；法律规则rulemaking 规章制定；规则制定ruling 裁定ruling on evidence 关于证据的裁定SSafety responsibility law 安全责任法Sales tax 销售税Sanction 制裁；处分；罚则sanitary code 卫生条例search 搜查search warrant 搜查令second instance 二审secondary authon`ty 次要法源secondary benefit 次位补助金secondary financing 间接融资secondary party 间接当事人；次位当事人secret service （联邦）保密署secretary of state 州务部长secured debt 担保债务securities 证券Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会securities exchange act 《证券交易条例》securities law 证券法security 担保；保安；证券-*seductive 诱人堕落的seize 扣押seizure 扣押seizure warrant 扣押令（状）self-defense 自卫；正当防卫self-identification 自我认定self-incrimination 自我归罪seminar 研讨班；研讨会；研讨课程separate 分立；分局separate legal entity 独立法律实体separate property 分有财产separation of powers 三权分立settlement agreement 清偿协议settler 财产授予者share 股份；股票share holder 股东shell corporation 空壳公司shoplifting 商店偷拿行为short title 简称shyster 讼棍sickness insurance 疾病保险simulation 模拟（练习）slander 诽谤social security act 社会保险条例social security benefit 社会保险补助金social security tax 社会保险税solicitor 诉状律师source 渊源sovereign power 主权special court 特别法院；专门法院special property 特别财产specific performance 特别履行specimen 样本stamp tax 印花税standard of proof 证明标准standing 依据stare decisis 遵从前例state attorney 洲检察官-*state property 国家财产statd capital 设定资产statute 制定法；法律statute-like norm 准法律规范statute of frauds 诈欺条例；反诈欺法statutory authority 制定法法源statutory crime 制定法规定之犯罪；法定犯罪statutory law 制定法statutory measure 法定措施statutory offense 制定法规定之犯罪；法定犯罪statutory provision 法律规定stay 延缓（审判或执行）stock 股票stock exchange 股票交易stock retirement plan 退股计划stock transfer tax 股票过户税strategy 战略；策略strict liability tort 严格责任侵权strike insurance 罢工保险sub judice 在审判中；尚未判决subject 主体；标的subject matter 主题事项；标的subject property 标的财产subject to financing clause 融资条件条款subpoena 传唤（令）subsidiary corproration 子公司；附属公司subsistence allowance 生活津贴substantial evidence 实质（体）证据substantail law 实体法substantive due process 实体性正当程序substantive law 实体法sue 起诉；诉sufficient evidence 充足证据suit 诉讼summary judgment 即决判决-*supervisor 监察；监委support 供养；抚养supreme court 最高法院supreme law 最高法律（宪法）suspect 嫌疑人suspicion 嫌疑；怀疑sustain 维持；认可Ttangible 有形的tangible evidence 实物证据tangible property 有形财产tarriff 关税task force 专项研究组；专案组tax 税；税收tax assessment procedure 税额评定程序tax court 税收法院tax evasion 逃税tax law 税法taxation 税收；税务taxation law 税收法；税务法tenant 承租人term 条款；期限testamentary trust 遗嘱委托testator 立遗嘱人testify 作证testimonial evidence 言词证据testimony 证言the Dispute Settlement Body(DSB) 争端解决机构the European Intellectual Property Review 《欧洲知识产权评论》the Fleet Street Reports《舰队街判例汇编》title 产权书title insurance 产权保险title insurer 产权保险人title plant 产权书库tort 侵权（行为）。
法律法规优质课件法律英语何家弘
法律法规优质课件法律英语何家弘一、教学内容本节课选自《法律英语》教材第八章“法律法规”，具体内容包括：法律法规的基本概念、分类及法律英语表达方式；中国法律体系简介及主要法律法规介绍；案例分析及法律英语术语的运用。
二、教学目标1. 让学生掌握法律法规的基本概念、分类及法律英语表达方式；2. 培养学生运用法律英语进行案例分析的能力；3. 增进学生对我国法律体系的了解，提高法律素养。
三、教学难点与重点难点：法律英语术语的运用、案例分析。
重点：法律法规的基本概念、分类及法律英语表达方式。
四、教具与学具准备1. 教具：PPT、黑板、粉笔；2. 学具：法律英语教材、笔记本、字典。
五、教学过程1. 导入：通过讲解一个实际案例，引出法律法规的重要性，激发学生学习兴趣；2. 讲解：详细讲解法律法规的基本概念、分类及法律英语表达方式；3. 案例分析：分组讨论，让学生运用法律英语分析案例，培养学生的实际运用能力；4. 课堂互动：提问、解答，巩固所学知识；6. 课后作业布置：布置作业，巩固所学知识。
六、板书设计1. 法律法规基本概念2. 法律法规分类3. 法律英语表达方式4. 案例分析七、作业设计1. 作业题目：（1）请简述法律法规的基本概念及分类；案例：张某因盗窃罪被判处有期徒刑三年，缓刑五年。
在缓刑期间，张某再次盗窃，被公安机关抓获。
2. 答案：（1）基本概念：法律法规是国家制定或认可的，具有普遍约束力的规范性文件。
分类：宪法、法律、行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例、部门规章、司法解释等。
（2）Legal provisions stipulate that minors are not allowed to smoke in China.八、课后反思及拓展延伸重点和难点解析1. 教学目标中关于案例分析能力的培养；2. 教学难点：法律英语术语的运用；3. 教学过程中的案例分析环节；4. 作业设计中的案例分析题目及答案。
2024年【精品课件】何家弘法律英语课件
2024年【精品课件】何家弘法律英语课件一、教学内容二、教学目标1. 掌握基本的法律英语词汇，能够熟练运用在法律语境中；2. 学会分析法律英语句型结构，提高阅读和翻译能力；3. 了解法律文书的翻译技巧，能独立完成法律文书的翻译任务；4. 通过分析涉外法律实务案例，培养学生的法律英语思维和实际运用能力。
三、教学难点与重点1. 教学难点：法律英语词汇的记忆与运用、法律文书的翻译技巧、涉外法律实务案例的解读；2. 教学重点：法律英语句型的结构与用法、法律文书的翻译实践、法律英语思维能力的培养。
四、教具与学具准备1. 教具：多媒体教学设备、投影仪、黑板；2. 学具：教材、《法律英语词典》、翻译软件、课外阅读材料。
五、教学过程1. 导入：通过讲解一个涉外法律案例，引发学生对法律英语的兴趣，引出本节课的内容；2. 知识讲解：详细讲解基本法律英语词汇、句型结构、法律文书翻译技巧；3. 例题讲解：分析具体案例，示范翻译过程，讲解注意事项；4. 随堂练习：让学生翻译一段法律文书，巩固所学知识；5. 互动环节：学生互相讨论翻译成果，教师点评并解答疑问；7. 课后作业布置：布置作业，要求学生运用所学知识完成翻译任务。
六、板书设计1. 法律英语词汇表；2. 法律英语句型结构图；3. 法律文书翻译技巧；4. 涉外法律实务案例解析。
七、作业设计1. 作业题目：翻译一篇涉及合同纠纷的涉外法律文书；2. 答案：待学生完成作业后，教师批改并给出答案。
八、课后反思及拓展延伸2. 拓展延伸：推荐课外阅读材料，引导学生深入学习法律英语，提高实际运用能力。
重点和难点解析1. 法律英语词汇的记忆与运用；2. 法律英语句型的结构与用法；3. 法律文书的翻译技巧；4. 涉外法律实务案例的解读；5. 课后作业的设计与反馈。
详细补充和说明：一、法律英语词汇的记忆与运用1. 词义辨析：通过例句和实务案例，讲解词汇在法律语境中的具体含义，帮助学生准确理解和记忆；2. 词汇运用：设计练习题，让学生将所学词汇运用到具体语境中，提高词汇运用能力；3. 词汇拓展：介绍词汇的近义词、反义词，提高学生的词汇量。
法律英语-何家弘(课文)
Lesson One: Legal System 法律制度Background背景自从哥伦布(Christopher Columbus)于1492年航行至美洲之后，大批欧洲人便开始拥向这片"新大陆"。
不过，人们通常把第一批英国定居者(the first English settlers)于1607年到达弗吉尼亚(Virginia)的詹姆斯顿(Jamestown)视为美国法律制度历史的起点。
美国法制史可以大体上分为两个时期，即英属殖民地时期(the Period of the English Colonies)和美利坚合众国时期(the Period of the United States)。
虽然美国的法律制度是在英国法律传统的基础上形成和发展起来的，但是在近四百年的历史进程中，美国的法律制度也形成了一些不同于英国法律制度的特点，如公诉制度(public prosecution)等。
美国属于普通法系(Common Law Legal System)国家，其法律制度有两个基本特点：其一是以分散制(decentralization)为原则；其二是以判例法(case law)为主体。
美国除联邦政府外，还有州政府、县政府、市政府、镇政府等等，而且这些政府都是相互独立的，各自在其管辖范围内享有一定的立法权和执法权。
因此，有人说美国是"一个有许多政府的国家"(a country of many governments)；而美国的法律体系则是一个"零散的无系统"(fragmental no system)。
诚然，美国现在也有很多成文法(written law)或制定法(statutory law)，但是其法律制度仍是以判例法为主体的。
换言之，"遵从前例"(stare decisis)仍然是美国司法活动中最重要的原则之一。
以上两点对于理解美国的法律制度具有重要意义。
何家弘法律英语课件
何家弘法律英语课件一、教学内容本节课的教学内容选自《法律英语》教材的第五章，主要涉及合同法的基本概念、合同的成立和生效要件、合同的履行和解除等内容。
通过本节课的学习，使学生掌握合同法的基本知识，提高法律英语的听说读写能力。
二、教学目标1. 了解合同法的基本概念和合同的成立、生效要件；2. 能够运用英语描述合同法相关条款，提高法律英语表达能力；3. 培养学生独立思考、合作探讨的能力。
三、教学难点与重点1. 重点：合同法的基本概念、合同的成立和生效要件；2. 难点：合同的履行和解除、法律英语的翻译和表达。
四、教具与学具准备1. 教具：多媒体课件、投影仪；2. 学具：教材、笔记本、文具。
五、教学过程1. 情景引入：通过一个真实的合同纠纷案例，引发学生对合同法的兴趣，引导学生进入学习状态；2. 教材讲解：讲解合同法的基本概念、合同的成立和生效要件，结合实际案例进行分析；3. 互动环节：组织学生进行小组讨论，探讨合同的履行和解除问题，培养学生合作探讨的能力；4. 实务操作：邀请律师进行实务讲解，让学生了解合同法在实际工作中的应用；5. 课堂练习：布置练习题，检测学生对合同法的掌握程度；六、板书设计合同法基本概念合同合同当事人合同标的合同成立要件要约承诺合同条款合同生效要件主体资格意思表示真实合同内容合法合同履行与解除履行原则履行方式解除条件七、作业设计1. 请简述合同法的基本概念及其特点；2. 请列举合同成立的三个要件，并结合实例进行分析；3. 请论述合同生效的要件及其意义；4. 请描述合同履行的原则和方式；5. 请分析合同解除的条件及其法律后果。
八、课后反思及拓展延伸本节课通过案例引入、教材讲解、小组讨论等形式，使学生掌握了合同法的基本知识。
但在实务操作环节，可以进一步增加律师的互动，让学生更深入地了解合同法在实际工作中的应用。
可以组织学生参观法院或律师事务所，加深对法律实务的认识。
重点和难点解析一、教学内容本节课的教学内容选自《法律英语》教材的第五章，主要涉及合同法的基本概念、合同的成立和生效要件、合同的履行和解除等内容。
法律英语课文汇总-何家弘
法律英语课文汇总-何家弘————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：Lesson One: Legal System 法律制度Part OneThe United States is at once a very new nation and a very old nation. It is a new nation compared with many other countries, and it is new, too, in the sense that it is constantly being renewed by the addition of new elements of population and of new States. But in other senses it is old. It is the oldest of the "new" nations--the first one to be made out of an Old World colony. It has the oldest written constitution, the oldest continuous federal system, and the oldest practice of self-government of any nation.One of the most interesting features of Americans youth is that the whole of its history belongs in the period since the invention of the printing press. The whole of its history is, therefore, recorded: indeed, it is safe to say that no other major nation has so comprehensive a record of its history as has the United States, for events such as those that are lost in the legendary past of Italy or France or England are part of the printed record of the United States. And the American record is not only comprehensive; it is immense. It embraces not only the record of the colonial era and of the Nation since 1776, but of the present fifty States as well, and the intricate network of relationships between States and Nation. Thus, to take a very elementary example, the reports of the United States Supreme Court fill some 350 volumes, and the reports of some States are almost equally voluminous: the reader who wants to trace the history of law in America is confronted with over 5,000 stout volumes of legal cases.No one document, no handful of documents, can properly be said to reveal the character of a people or of their government. But when hundreds and thousands of documents strike a consistent note, over more than a hundred years, we have a right to say that is the keynote.When hundreds and thousands of documents address themselves in the same ways, to the same overarching problems, we have a right to read from them certain conclusions which we can call national characteristics.Part TwoThe American legal system, like the English, is methodologically mainly a case law system. Most fields of private law still consist primarily of case law and the extensive and steadily growing statutory law continues to be subject to binding interpretation through case law. Knowledge of the case law method as well as of the technique of working with case law therefore is of central importance for an understanding of American law and legal methodology.The Common Law is historically the common general law -- with supremacy over locallaw--which was decreed by the itinerant judges of the English royal court. The enforcement of a claim presupposed the existence of a special form of action, a writ, with the result that the original common law represented a system of "actions" similar to that of classical Roman law. If a writ existed (in 1227) a claim could be enforced; there was no recourse for a claim without a writ, the claim did not exist. This system became inflexible when the "Provisions of Oxford" (1258) prohibited the creation of new writs, except for the flexibility which the "writ upon the case" allowed and which later led to the development of contract and tort law.The narrow limits of the forms of action and the limited recourse they provided led to the development of equity law and equity case law. "Equity", in its general meaning of doing "equity", deciding ex aequo et bono, was first granted by the King, and later by his Chancellor as "keeper of the King's conscience", to afford relief in hardship cases. In the fifteenth century, however, equity law and equity case law developed into an independent legal system andjudiciary (Court of Chancery) which competed with the ordinary common law courts. Its rules and maxims became fixed and, to a degree, inflexible as in any legal system. Special characteristics of equity law include: relief in the form of specific performance (in contrast to the common law award of compensatory damages), the injunction (a temporary or final order to do or not to do a specific act), the development of so called maxims of equity law which permeated the entire legal system and in many cases explain the origin of modern legal concepts. However, equitable relief regularly will lie only when the common law relief is inadequate. For instance, specific performance for the purchase of real property will be granted because common law damages are deemed to be inadequate since they cannot compensate the buyer in view of the uniqueness attributed to real property.As the common law, equity law became part of American law either through judicial acceptance or through express statutory provision. Today, both legal systems have been merged in many American jurisdictions (beginning with New York in 1848), with the result that there is only one form of civil suit in these jurisdictions as well as in federal practice. Only few States continue to maintain a separate chancery court. Nevertheless, the reference to the historical development is important because, on the one hand, it explains the origin and significance of many contemporary legal concepts (for instance the division of title in the law of property) and, on the other hand, it is still relevant for the decision of such questions whether, for instance, there is a right to a trial by jury (only in the case of common law suits, in other cases only before the judge). In addition, the differentiation will determine whether the "ordinary" common law relief of damages applies or whether the "extraordinary" equity remedy of specific performance is available."Case law" describes the entire body of judge-made law and today includes common law and equity precedents. In imprecise and confusing usage the terms "common law" and "case law"are often used synonymously, with the term "common law" in this usage connotingjudge-made law in general as contrasted with statutory law. "Case law" always connotesjudg-made law, while "common law" in contrast--depending on the meaningintended--describes either the judge made law in common law subject matters or,Lesson Two：Legal Profession 法律职业Part One：The BarThe regulation of the legal profession is primarily the concern of the states, each of which has its own requirements for admission to practice. Most require three years of college and a law degree. Each state administers its own written examination to applicants for its bar. Almost all states, however, make use of the Multistate Bar Exam, a day long multiple choice test, to which the state adds a day long essay examination emphasizing its own law. No apprenticeship is required either before or after admission.A lawyer's practice is usually confined to a single community for, although a lawyer may travel to represent clients, one is only permitted to practice in a state where one has been admitted. However, one who moves to another state can usually be admitted without examination if one has practiced in a state where one has been admitted for some time, often five years.A lawyer may not only practice law, but is permitted to engage in any activity that is open to other citizens. It is not uncommon for the practicing lawyer to serve on boards of directors of corporate clients, to engage in business, and to participate actively in public affairs. A lawyer remains a member of the bar even after becoming a judge, an employee of the government orof a private business concern, or a law teacher, and may return to private practice from these other activities. A relatively small number of lawyers give up practice for responsible executive positions in commerce and industry. The mobility as well as the sense of public responsibility in the profession is evidenced by the career of Harlan Fiske Stone who was, at various times, a successful New York lawyer, a professor and dean of the Columbia School of Law, Attorney General of the United States, and Chief Justice of the United States.There is no formal division among lawyers according to function. The distinction between barristers and solicitors found in England did not take root in the United States, and there is no branch of the profession that has a special or exclusive right to appear in court, nor is there a branch that specializes in the preparation of legal instruments. The American lawyer s domain includes advocacy, counselling, and drafting. Furthermore, within the sphere broadly defined as the "practice of law" the domain is exclusive and is not open to others. In the field of advocacy, the rules are fairly clear: any individual may represent himself or herself in court but, with the exception of a few inferior courts, only a lawyer may represent another in court. Nonlawyers are, however, authorized to represent others in formal proceedings of a judicial nature before some administrative agencies. The lines of demarcation are less clear in the areas of counselling and drafting of legal instruments, as for example between the practice of law and that of accounting in the field of federal income taxation. However, the strict approach of most American courts is indicated by a decision of New York s highest court that a lawyer admitted to practice in a foreign country but not in New York is prohibited from giving legal advice to clients in New York, even though the advice is limited to the law of the foreign country where the lawyer is admitted. A foreign lawyer may, however, be admitted to the bar of one of the states and may, even without being admitted, advise an American lawyer as a consultant on foreign law.Part Two：Lawyers in Private PracticeAmong these fifteen lawyers in practice, nine, a clear majority, are single practitioners. The remaining six practice in law firms, which are generally organized as partnerships. Four or five of these six are partners and the others are associates, a term applied to salaried lawyers employed by a firm or another lawyer. This trend toward group practice is of relatively recent origin. Throughout most of the nineteenth century law practice was general rather than specialized, its chief ingredient was advocacy rather than counselling and drafting, and theprototype of the American lawyer was the single practitioner. Marked specialization began in the latter part of that century in the large cities near the financial centers. With the growth of big business, big government, and big labor, the work of the lawyer accomodated itself to the needs of clients for expert counselling and drafting to prevent as well as to settle disputes. The best lawyers were attracted to this work and leadership of the bar gravitated to persons who rarely if ever appeared in court and who were sought after as advisors, planners, and negotiators. Today the lawyer regards it as sound practice to be continuously familiar with clients business problems and to participate at all steps in the shaping of their policies. Major business transactions are rarely undertaken without advice of counsel.Part Three: House CounselOut of every twenty lawyers, two are employed by private business concerns, such as industrial corporations, insurance companies, and banks, usually as house or corporate counsel in the concern s legal department. The growth of corporations, the complexity of business, and the multitude of problems posed by government regulation make it desirable for such firms to have in their employ persons with legal training who, at the same time, are intimately familiar with the particular problems and conditions of the firm. In large corporations the legal department may number one hundred or more. The general counsel, who heads the office, is usually an officer of the company and may serve on important policy making committees and perhaps even on the board of directors. House counsel remain members of the bar and are entitled to appear in court, though an outside lawyer is often retained for litigation. However, it is the house counsel s skill as advisor rather than as advocate that is a valued asset. Constantly in touch with the employer s problems, house counsel is ideally situated to practice preventive law and may also be called upon to advise the company on its broader obligation to the public and the nation.Part Four：Lawyers in GovernmentA parallel development has taken place in government and two out of twenty lawyers are now employees of the federal, state, county, and municipal governments, exclusive of the judiciary. Many of those entering public service are recent law graduates who find government salaries sufficiently attractive at this stage of their careers and seek the training that such service may offer as a prelude to private practice. Limitations on top salaries, however, discourage some from continuing with the government. The majority serves by appointment in the legal departments of a variety of federal and state agencies and local entities. The United StatesDepartment of Justice alone employs more than two thousands, and the Law Department of the City of New York more than four hundreds. Others are engaged as public prosecutors. Federal prosecutors, the United States attorneys and their assistants, are appointed by the President and are subordinate to the Attorney General of the United States. State prosecutors, sometimes known as district attorneys, are commonly elected by each county and are not under the control of the state attorney general. As a rule, lawyers in government are directly engaged in legal work, since law training is infrequently sought as preparation for general government service. However, a small but important minority that constitutes an exception to this rule consists of those who have been appointed to high executive positions and those who have been elected to political office. Though the participation of lawyers in government has declined recently, for two centuries lawyers have made up roughly half of the Congress of the United States and of the state governors. These figures bear out the comment of Chief Justice Stone that, "No tradition of our profession is more cherished by lawyers than that of its leadership in public affairs."Lesson Three: Legal Education 法律教育In 1983, over 125,000 law students were studying in more than 170 ABA accredited law schools including public law schools supported in part by government funds; private law schools supported by contributions from individuals and foundation funds; and local or national schools offering full time or part time legal study programs. As virtually the only way to prepare for membership in the legal profession, law schools in the United States fulfill several functions including professional training and socialization of future lawyers and screening and gatekeeping for entrance to the profession. Since there is no central institution where all lawyers practice, the only institutional experience which lawyers have in common is law school.The criticisms which range from "mild to caustic" of the way in which law schools have carried out these functions and of the functions themselves have been persistent, diverse and rooted in the historical and political development of the profession. These criticisms have focussed on the curriculum and the dominance of the case method; the distribution of power and prestige reflected in the hierarchy within and among the law schools; and the imbalance in terms of women and minorities in the student body and faculty in the law schools.Part One：Curriculum and the Case MethodThe traditional first-year program offered in virtually all American law schools includes contracts, torts, property, criminal law and civil procedure. Duncan Kennedy has described the traditional first-year curriculum as basically teaching the ground rules for late 19th century laissez-faire capitalism. The second year and third year course expound the moderate reformist New Deal program and the administrative structure of the modern regulatory state. The peripheral subjects, if they are offered, include legal philosophy, legal history, legal process, and clinical education, a "kind of playground or finishing school for learning the social art of self presentation as a lawyer".However, as new areas of the law continue to develop in response to contemporary issues and problems, some law schools have expanded curricula to include courses and clinical programs in environmental law, housing and urban development, women`s rights, health in the workplace, welfare rights and consumer protection. There are also increasing efforts to teach law in interdisciplinary contexts, drawing on other disciplines such as history, psychology, sociology, medicine, and economics.In teaching the traditional curriculum, law teachers in almost all the law schools use to some extent the case method or the Socratic method. Developed in the 1870s by Christopher Columbus Langdell at the Harvard Law School, the case method looked to the common law as the source of legal priniciples and focussed on the teaching of an abstract conception of the law as a science. The legal principles elicited were to be taught divorced from the "grubby world of practice--and also from politics, history, economics, and social contexts". This narrow formalistic approach was justified on the ground that it taught students how to state, analyze, evaluate and compare concrete fact situations thus developing their powers and skills of analysis, reasoning, and expression.However, this process of learning "how to think like a lawyer" has been criticized as having an adverse impact both on the students and the quality of future lawyering. Students, law teachers, and others have pointed to the alienation, anxiety, hostility and aggression caused by use of the case method or Socratic method. The narrow and destructive interaction of this dialogue, or often "no dialogue", contributes to the impairment of the ability to care about otherpeople, a professional unemotionalism and cynicism on the part of law students. And it is not only the law students who suffer from this narrowing of their professional selves. The work of a lawyer involves continuous contacts with clients, associates, other lawyers, judges, witnesses, others affected by the law, and involves the lawyer’s own goals, attitudes, performance, and sense of satisfaction.Part Two：Law School HierarchyDuncan Kennedy has described the law schools as "intensely political places", characterized by a "trade school mentality, the endless attention to trees at the expense of forests." The law schools function as the institution for "ideological training for willing service in the hierarchies of the corporate welfare state". In the ranking and evaluation of students, students learn to accept their place in a hierarchy which is presented as just and inevitable and "so prepare themselves for all the hierarchies to follow". In the law teachers modeling of hierarchical relationships with students, colleagues, secretaries and support staff, students learn a particular style of condescension towards perceived inferiors and deference towards perceived superiors. And under the subtle but intense pressure to conform to the "white, male, middle class tone" set by law faculties which are overwhelmingly white, male, and middle class, law students adapt, "partly out of fear, partly out of hope of gain, partly out of genuine admiration for their role models". In these ways, "legal education is one of the causes of legal hierarchy. Legal education supports it by analogy, provides it a general legitimating ideology by justifying the rules that underlie it, and provides it a particular ideology by mystifying legal reasoning. Legal education structures the pool of prospective lawyers so that their hierarchical organization seems inevitable, and trains them to look and think and act just like all the other lawyers in the system" .In addition to the hierarchy within the law schools suggested by Kennedy, other analyses of the law schools functions and relationship to the profession suggest the existence of a hierarchy among the law schools. The top dozen or so elite law schools occupy a position of power and prestige which is partially reflected in the professional career paths of their graduates and in the "old boy networks" connecting the law schools and the rest of the legal profession. The models of the "law school as the gateway to the American power elite became possible with the New Deal". Felix Frankfurter’s placement n etwork for the "best and the brightest" into influential public policy positions during the New Deal in the 1930s was anearly example of this kind of network. During his tenure at Harvard and later while on the Supreme Court, Frankfurter developed an "old boy network" which was intimately involved with the placement of many of the "elite" lawyers, all of whom were white and male, into public service. The typical Frankfurter recruit was "a graduate of Harvard Law School, politically liberal, usually ranked high in his class, and either an obvious product of upper class gentile culture or an obvious product of a radically different culture who was 'comfortable' in the upper class gentile world".In the current hiring practices of the major law firms and in the competition for judicial clerkships, and in the appointments to law faculties, the graduates of the elite schools continue to have an advantage over graduates of other schools. In a recent study of Chicago lawyers, Zemans and Rosenblum found that lawyers who attended "high-prestige law schools and graduated in the top 20 percent of their classes were much more likely to practice in large firms and specialize in high-prestige fields of law". In terms of appointments to law faculties, 60% of the legal prof ession’s teaching specialists are produced by fewer than 15% of the nation s accredited law schools. These law teacher producer schools are mostly national, located in urban locations, and include schools such as Harvard, Yale, Columbia, University of Michigan, Chicago, New York University, Northwestern University, and Georgetown. If it is true that the full time faculty of the law schools "have a virtual monopoly on who will and will not enter the (legal) profession" and "on the power to mold future generations", then the existence of a hierarchy among the law schools suggests that an elite group of schools is primarily responsible for staffing the law schools, which in turn produce lawyers for the hierarchies within the profession.Lesson Four：Judicial System 司法系统Part One：CourtsThere are fifty-two separate court systems in the United States. Each state, as well as the District of Columbia, has its own fully developed, independent system of courts and there is a separate federal court system. The federal courts are not superior to the state courts; they are an independent, coordinate system authorized by the United States Constitution, Art. Ⅲ,§2, to handle matters of particular federal interest. The presence of two parallel court systems often raises questions concerning the relationship of the state and federal systems, presentingimportant issues of federalism. The United States Supreme Court, composed of nine justices, sits as the final and controlling voice over all these systems.Although a few states, such as Nebraska, have a two-tiered system, most states, as well as the federal courts, are based on a three-tiered model. That means that for any litigant there will be the opportunity to plead his case before a trial court and then, should he lose, there are two levels of appeal at which he ultimately may succeed. For example, in the federal system the trial court is the United States District Court, of which there is at least one in every state. Many larger states are divided into two, three or even four judicial districts, depending on population, geography and caseload. There are ninety-four districts in the United States and each district court has one judge, or more commonly two or more. After an adverse judgment in the district court, a litigant may appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the circuit in which the district court is located. There are eleven numbered intermediate appellate courts in the federal system, each including anywhere from three to ten states and territories. Additionally, there is a Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, hearing appeals from the federal district court there, and one for the Federal Circuit, taking appeals from various specialized federal tribunals, such as the Claims Court. Each court of appeals has four or more judges who sit in panels of three to review district court decisions, as well as some decisions of administrative agencies. A losing litigant in the court of appeals may, in some cases, be able to obtain review by the United States Supreme Court. Cases in the state courts similarly may proceed through a trial court, a state appellate court, and then the state supreme court. If a federal constitutional question is involved the decision of the state Supreme Court may be reviewed by the United States Supreme Court. Since 1988, review by the Supreme Court in civil cases is discretionary; virtually all civil appeals as of right to the highest court have been abolished.Three-tiered systems vary on the role which the highest court plays. The approaches taken reflect differing philosophies with regard to what the highest court should do. For example, in California only criminal cases in which capital punishment has been imposed are appealable as of right to the state supreme court. Similarly, in the federal courts, except in a few very limited circumstances, appeals to the United States Supreme Court are discretionary, by writ of certiorari. The Court decides for itself what are the most important questions that deserve its attention and will refuse to review decisions raising issues that it feels are not as crucial. In this way it supervises the administration of law by the lower courts on an ad hoc basis. At the other end of the spectrum, such as in New York, appeals to the state s highest court are as of rightin a great many cases provided for by statute. The primary function of the highest court in New York appears to be to assure that cases are correctly decided. It is necessary to check carefully the statutes of the system in which you are appearing to determine the specific rules regarding review by those appellate courts.Part Two：JudgesFewer than one in twenty of those admitted to practice law is a federal, state, county, or municipal court judge. Except for some inferior courts, judges are generally required to be admitted to practice but do not practice while on the bench. There is so little uniformity that it is difficult to generalize further than to point out three salient characteristics that relate to the ranks from which judges are drawn, to the method of their selection, and to their tenure.Judges are drawn from the practicing bar and less frequently from government service or the teaching profession. There is in the United States no career judiciary like that found in many other countries and there is no prescribed route for the young law graduate who aspires to be a judge, no apprenticeship that must be served, no service that must be entered. The outstanding young law graduates who act for a year or two as law clerks to the most distinguished judges of the federal and state courts have only the reward of the experience to take with them into practice and not the promise of a judicial career. While it is not uncommon for a vacancy on a higher court to be filled by a judge from a lower court, even this cannot be said to be the rule. The legal profession is not entirely unaware of the advantages of a career judiciary, but it is generally thought that they are outweighed by the experience and independence which American lawyers bring to the bench. Many of the outstanding judges of the country s highest courts have had no prior judicial experience. Criticism has centered instead on the prevalent method of selection of judges.State court judges are usually elected, commonly by popular vote, but occassionally by the legislature. Popular election has been the subject of much disapproval, including that of the American Bar Association, on the ground that the public lacks interest in and information on candidates for judicial office and that therefore the outcome is too often controlled by leaders of political parties. The situation has been somewhat improved since many local bar associations have undertaken to evaluate the qualifications of candidates and to support or oppose them on this basis.。
何家弘法律英语优质课件第一课
何家弘法律英语优质课件第一课一、教学内容本节课选自《何家弘法律英语》第一课，主要围绕“法律英语基础概念及术语”展开。
详细内容包括：法律英语的定义、特点；法律英语常用术语解析，如contract（合同）、tort（侵权）、plaintiff （原告）等；法律文书的结构和语言风格。
二、教学目标1. 理解并掌握法律英语的定义、特点及其在法律领域的应用。
2. 学习并熟练运用法律英语常用术语，提高法律英语阅读和写作能力。
3. 了解法律文书的结构，培养严谨、规范的法律英语表达习惯。
三、教学难点与重点教学难点：法律英语术语的辨析与应用；法律文书的结构和语言风格。
教学重点：法律英语的定义、特点；法律英语常用术语的学习；法律英语表达习惯的培养。
四、教具与学具准备1. 教具：多媒体教学设备、PPT课件、黑板、粉笔。
2. 学具：教材、笔记本、字典。
五、教学过程1. 导入：通过一个实际案例，让学生了解法律英语在实际应用中的重要性。
2. 新课内容讲解：（1）法律英语的定义、特点；（2）法律英语常用术语解析；（3）法律文书的结构及语言风格。
3. 例题讲解：选取典型例题，讲解法律英语术语的运用及法律文书的写作方法。
4. 随堂练习：让学生运用所学知识，完成练习题，巩固所学内容。
六、板书设计1. 法律英语定义、特点；2. 法律英语常用术语；3. 法律文书结构及语言风格；4. 课堂练习答案及解析。
七、作业设计1. 作业题目：（1）请简述法律英语的定义、特点及应用场景；（3）请根据所学知识，编写一份简单的法律文书。
2. 答案：（1）法律英语是用于法律领域的专业英语，具有严谨、规范、专业等特点，应用场景包括但不限于法庭诉讼、法律文件编写、国际法律交流等；（2）原告正在寻求赔偿，因为被告犯有侵权行为；（3）法律文书范本（略）。
八、课后反思及拓展延伸1. 反思：本节课学生对法律英语的兴趣较高，但部分学生在法律英语术语的辨析和应用上仍有困难，需要在课后加强练习。
何家弘法律英语课件第二课
•各州律师联考 州综合问答题
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何家弘法律英语课件第二课
• The Multistate Bar Examination (MBE) is a six-hour, twohundred question multiplechoice examination ts, constitutional law, criminal law, evidence, and real property.
何家弘法律英语课件第 二课
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2020/11/4
何家弘法律英语课件第二课
If there were no bad people, there would be no good lawyers. Charles Dickens, British novelist
倘若世上没有坏人，也就不会有好的 律师。 英国小说家 狄更斯 C
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何家弘法律英语课件第二课
Background
¬律师 ¬法官 ¬检查官 ¬法学教师
•法律职 业
•变换频繁 Harlan Fiske Stone
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何家弘法律英语课件第二课
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何家弘法律英语课件第二课
Part 1 The Bar
¬Bar——法庭中将公众与法官、律师 及其他诉讼参与人分隔开的隔板。
¬律师通常在一个地区执业 ¬可以代表当事人到其他州办理事务 ¬只能在获准开业的州从业
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何家弘法律英语课件第二课
¬ It is customary to retain local counsel
for matters in other jurisdictions.
何家弘法律英语词汇全
AAbsolute['?bs?lju:t] proof 绝对证明absolute property 绝对财产（权）abstract of title 产权书摘要acceleration clause 提前（偿还）条款act 条例；作为Act for the prevention of Frauds and Perjuries 《预防诈欺和伪证条例》action 诉讼；作为actual losses 实际损失adjudication 裁决；裁定administrative law 行政法administrative law judge 行政法法官administrative procedure 行政程序administrator 管理人；监管人admissible 可采的admissibility 可采性affirm 维持（原判）affirmation 保证书；证词affirmative 确保的agency （行政）机关agency action 机关（行政）机关agreed upon remedies 补救协议agreement 协议agreement-as-written 书面协议agreement -in-fact 事实协议alibi 阿里白（不在犯罪场的证明）alienation of affection 离间夫妻关系allegation 声称；指控appellate action 上诉行为appellate court 上诉法院appellee 被上诉人appealer 上诉人appropriate 拨款appurtenant 附属物arbiter 仲裁人arbitrary武断的arbitration仲裁arraignment初审array 陪审员名单arrest 逮捕assistant attorney 助理法官associate judge 副法官associate justice 副大法官assumption 违约合同，违约赔偿之诉assumption 假定attempt 意图，企图attempted escape 逃脱未遂attestation 证词attorney 代理人，律师attorney at law 律师attorney general 检察长authentication 鉴定barrister 出庭律师battery 殴打bench trial 法官审beneficiary 受益人benefit 收益，福得bigamy 重婚罪bill of lading 提单bill of right 《人权法案》bind over 具保，具结binder 临时保险单binding 有约束力binding contract 有约束力的合同黑bond instrument 债券契据branding 鞭笞breach 违约；破坏bride 贿赂bribery 贿赂（罪）bright-line test 明显界限检验标准broker 中间人brokerage fee 佣金；中介费brother-sister corporation 兄弟公司；姊妹公司Bulk Sales Act《大宗销售条例》burden 责任burden of going forward with the evidence 先California Penal Code《加州刑法典》capital account 资本帐户capital crime 可判死刑罪capital punishment 死刑capital surplus 资本盈余capitation tax 人头税career criminal 职业罪犯career judiciary 职业法官case briefing 案情摘要case-in-chief 主诉case law 判例法case method 案例教学法chief justice 首席大法官child abuse 虐待儿童circuit court 巡回法院circuit judge 巡回法官circumstantial evidence 旁证；情况证据citation 引证cite 援引；传讯civil court 民事法civil forfeiture 民事罚没civil law 民法Civil Law Legal System 民法体系civil liability 民事责任Closing 终结，成交，结帐Closing argument 最后论述Closing statement成交声明Code 法典Code of Judicial Conduct 《法官行为准则》Codify 编成法典Co-felon 共同重罪犯Cohabitation 同居Collateral contract 附属合同Collegiate bench 合议席Collegiate panel 合议庭Commercial clause 商务条款，贸易条款Common stock 普通股票Community property 共同财产Comparative law 比较法Comparative negligence 比较过失Compensation 赔偿（金）Compensatory damage 应予赔偿之损害Competence 管辖权限 Competency 有效性 Complaint 控告，申诉Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act 《滥用毒品的综合预防与控制条例》Constitutional Convention 制宪会议 Constitutional law 宪法 Constitutional tort 宪法性侵权 Constitutionality 合宪性Construction （法律的）结构，解释 Construe 解释，分析Consultation 磋商Consumer protection statute 消费者保护法律 Consumption tax 消费税Continental Law Legal System(or Family) 大陆法系Contingent fee 胜诉酬金 convey 转让 conveyance 转让convertible bond 可转换债券 conviction 有罪判决convincing evidence 使人信服的证据 copyright 版权;着作权corporal punishment肉体刑corporate camsel 公司法律顾问corporate excise tax 公司执照税corporate law 公司法corporation 公司corporation aggregate 合有公司court of chancery 衡平法法院court of claims 索赔法院court of customs and Patent Appeals 关税及专利上诉法院court of domestic relations 家庭关系法院court opinion 法院判决意见courtroom 法庭coverage 保险范围crime 犯罪crime code 刑法典crime homicide 有罪杀人crime justice system 刑事司法系统customary practice 惯例customs court 关税法院Ddamage 损害;损伤damage claim 损害赔偿请求damages 损害赔偿金deadlocked jury 僵局陪审团 death penalty 死刑 death tax 遗产税 debenture 债单(券) debt securities 债权证券 decide a case 判案deliberate intention 故意 deliberation (陪审团)评议 demonstrative evidence 示意证据 deprivation 剥夺derogatory treatment of the work 对作品的贬毁性处理(或使用)designs 设计 detract 毁损;贬低 developer (土地)开发商 dicta 判决附带意见 dignity 尊严direct evidence 直接证据 dispense 执行;施行 dispute 争议;纠纷 disposition 处置(权) dissent 异议;反对dissenting opinion 异议;反对意见 dissolution 解散distort 歪曲;误解district attorney 地区检查官 database right 数据权 dividend 股息division of title 产权分割 divorce 离婚draftman 起草者 drug trade 毒品交易 drug trafficking 毒品交易 dry run 干转;排练 due diligence 适当努力 due process 正当程序Due Process Clause 正当程序条款 due process test 正当程序检验标准 duration 期限 duress 强迫;胁迫 duty 义务;关税 duty of care 照看义务 encumbered property 抵押财产 enforce 实施；执行 enforceable 可强制执行的 enforceability 可执行性 enforcement of Law 执法English-American Legal System (or Family)英吉利法系enjoin(衡平）强制令 entail 限定继承 entity 实体environmental impact statement 环境影响报告essential justice 实质公正 estate 财产；遗产 estate tax 遗产税 ＥＵ Directive 欧盟指令 evaluate 评价evict 逐出（租户）evidence 证据evidentiary presumption 证据推定 evidentiary rule 证据规则 ex aequo at bono 公平且善良 examine 检查；盘问examination 检查；盘问 executive order 行政命令 executor (遗嘱）执行人 executor of estate 遗产执行人exemption 免除；豁免 exhibit 展示物（证）exigent circumstance 紧急情况existing securities 上市证券 exparte 单方面的expectation damages 预期赔偿金 expert 专家（证人） expert testimony 专家证言 expert witness 专家证人Fair trial 公平审判false imprisonment 非法拘禁 family law 家庭法 fault 过错fault principle 过错原则 feasibility study 可行性研究FederalAdministrativeProcedureAct《联邦行政程序》Federal Antitrust Law 《联邦犯托拉斯法》 federal convention 联邦制宪会议 federal crime of murder 联邦杀人罪 Federal Housing Act 《联邦住房条例》 felony-murder 重罪杀人 fiduciary 受托人 file 档案；注册file a petition 呈交诉状；提出请求 fine 罚金 fingerprint 手印fire insurance 火灾保险 fire protection 消防first degree murder 一级谋杀 first instance 一审 fixture （不动产）附属物 flogging 烙印free movement of goods 自由物流，货物的自由流通freedom of choice 选择自由 frustrate 使受挫折 fundamental law 基本法 fundamental right 基本权利Ggeneral acceptance standard (科学证据的)公认标准general partnership 一般合伙 general property 一般财产（权） general provisions 总则 guilty 有罪答辩H habitual offender 惯犯 hail insurance 冰雹保险 handcuff 手铐 handwriting 笔迹health insurance 健康保险 health regulation 卫生法规 hearing 听证（会） hearing of jury 陪审团听审 hearsay 传闻证据 heir 继承人identification 认定；确认身份；身份证 ignore 忽视；驳回 illegal 非法的；违法的 immaterial 无实质性的 immigration law 移民法 immovable property 不动产immunity 豁免（权） impair 损害；削弱 impeachment 弹劾；质疑 implementation 实施；执行 implied contract 默认合同implied warranty 默认保证（保修） income tax on corporations 公司所得税 income tax on individuals 个人所得税 incompetence 无行为能力；无法律资格 incompetent 无行为能力的；无法律资格的 incorporation 法人；公司；组成公司 incorporator 公司创办人independent regulatory agency 独立规制机构indicative list 指导性名单indictment 起诉书indirect evidence 间接证据indirect tax 间接税information 信息; 控告书infomer 耳目;情报员initial ruling 初步裁定injunction 禁令;强制令injunctive relief 强制救济injure 伤害injustice 不公正innocence 无罪innocent 无罪的;无罪者innocent owner defense 无过错所有人辩护inquiry 调查inquisitiorial system 纠问式诉讼制度insurance binder 临时保单insurance broker 保险中间人insurance card 保险卡insurance coverage 保险范围insurance law 保险法insurance policy 保险单;险种insurance premium 保险费 insurance proceeds 保险收益 insurance product 保险项目 insured 被保险人 insurer 保险人 intangible 无形的intentional tort 故意侵权行为 interest 利息;权益;利益 interest rate risk 利率风险 interview 询问invalid 无效的;不合法的 invalidate 使无效invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私权 investigation 侦查;调查 investment 投资investment portfolio risk 投资风险组合 investment securities 投资证券 irrelevancy 无相关性 judge 法官judge-made law 法官立法 judge's chamber 法官室judge's charge to jury 法官对陪审团的指令 judge's instruction to jury 法官对陪审团的指示judgment判决，裁定judicial branch 司法部门judicial clerkship 法院书记员职位judicial decision 法官职位judicial district 司法区judicial interpretation 司法解释jury pool待选陪审员库jury selection 挑选陪审员jury trial陪审团制justice 公正，大法官justice of the peace 治安法官justifiable homicide 正当杀人juvenile court 未成年人法庭juvenile delinquency 未成年人违法行为ＫKey man assurance 关键人保险Key person insurance关键人保险Kickbacks 回扣lawsuit 诉讼，官司lawyer 律师lawyer in government 政府律师；官方律师lawyer in private practice 私人开业律师lawyerette 律师娘lawman 外行人lay witness 普通证人；非专家证人lease 租赁lease agreement 租赁协议legacy 遗产legacy tax 遗产税legal 合法的legal order 法律秩序legal problem 法律问题legal profession 法律职业legal protection 法律保护legal relationship 法律关系legal representative 法律代表legal safeguard 法律保障（措施）legal system 法律体系；法律制度legal theorist 法学理论家legal writing 法律文书写作legalese 法律涩语legality 法制life estate 终生财（遗）产life insurance 人寿保险limited partnership 有限合伙liquidated damages 预定违约金liquidity risk 流动资金风险literary property 着作产权litigant 诉讼当事人litigation 诉讼；打官司livestock insurance 家畜保险loan 贷款lord chancellor (英国)大法官loss of rights 丧失权利mandatory insurance law 强制保险法manslaughter 非恶意杀人marine insurance 海上保险marital status 婚姻状况marital status classification 婚姻状况的分类maritime tort 海上侵权行为market economy 市场经济marriage 婚姻medical malpractice 医生不当行为mental capacity 心智能力mental condition 精神状态mentor 辅导教师minor issue 枝节问题；未成年人问题Miranda Warning 米兰达忠（警）告misapply 错误适用misdemeanor 轻罪mislaid property 错置财产misrepresentation 虚假陈述代授权法则monopolization 垄断monopoly right 专有权moot court 模拟法庭mortgage 抵押（品）motion 动议，请求movable property 动产multiple listing 多重上市；多重登记Multistate Bar Exam 多洲律师资格考试murder 恶意杀人；凶杀the表大会National Environmental Policy Act 《全国环境政策条例》National Institute of Minority Lawyers 全国少数民族律师学会National Law Journal 《国家法律学报》narcotics distribution 麻醉品供销narcotics trafficking 麻醉品交易narcotics violation 麻醉品违法行为natural justice 自然公正negative form of protection 否定（或消non-profit corporation 非营利公司norm 规范；标准not guilty plea 无罪答辩notice 通知notice of transfer 过户通知notification 通知；通报notion??概念nullification process 无效程序? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???Oobject 反对objection 反对；异议Opening statement开场陈述Opening testimony意见证言Oral contract口头合同? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? Order命令；次序Pperforms' rights 表演权? ??? peril 危险perjure作伪证perjury伪证罪??perpetrate犯罪? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? perpetator犯罪人petition申请ownership interest所有权力petty misdemeanor微罪physical exhibit展示物品physical injury身体伤害panel团或组plaintiff原告人par value面值? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? plea答辩paramour奸夫? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?partnership合伙? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? police magistrate court警察法院passage of title产权转移? ?? ?? ? police power警察权利passive investor消极投资人? ?? ?policy 政策 patent 专利? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? policy holder 投保人 paternity 父亲身份? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?poll tax 人头税practicing lawyer 开业律师 penology 刑法学? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?practice of law 律师事物 per curiam 依法院所定? ?? ?? ?? ?precedent 判例peremptory challenge 强制回避? ??? precedential support 判例支持perform 履行? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? predeprivation hearing 执行剥夺前的听证 Preliminary injunction 预先执行令 Preliminary negotiation 预谈判；初步协商Premises 房屋；上述房屋Premium 保险费；红利；溢价prenticed seizure 通知前扣押preponderance of proof??优势证明 preponderant evidence??优势证据 prescription 时效；规定 presentation 陈述persistence investigation 量刑前调查primary authority 主要法源 principle of legality 法制原则 privacy 隐私权 private corporation 私有公司 private law 私法 private property 私有财产 private prosecution 私诉privilege 特权；特许权；特免权privileges and immunities clause 特权与豁免条款 prose??自己；亲自procedure 程序proceedings 诉讼；程序product liability 产品责任profit 利润profit corporation 营利公司progeny 后代prohibition 禁止promise 许诺promulgation 颁布proof??证明proof beyond a reasonable doubt 超出proscription 禁止；剥夺公权prosecuting attorney 公诉律师；检察官prosecution 起诉prosecutor 检察官；起诉人prosecutor’s case-in-chief 检方主诉prospective juror 将任陪审员prostitute 妓女protective tariff 保护性关税prove 证明Provision 规定，条款Provisions of Oxford 《牛津条例》Public prosecution 公诉Public prosecutor 公诉人，检察官Public utilities 公共事业Public held corporation 公众持股公司Punishable 可处罚的Punishment 刑罚Punitive sanction 惩罚性处分 Purpose 目的，宗旨Pursuant to law 依法 Q Qualified property 有限制财产Rape 强奸 Ratify 认可 Rational relationship test 合理关系检验标准 Real estate 不动产 Real Estate Settlement Procedure Act《不动产纠纷解决程序条例》 Real evidence 实在证据Real property 不动产Reasonable basis 合理根据Redemption 赎回Redress 矫正，赔偿 Registration sticker 注册贴签Regulation 法规，规章Rehearing 复审Reinstatement （权利）恢复 Reinstatement fee 恢复费 Release 释放 Relevancy 相关性 Relevant evidence 相关证据Reserve 储备金（保险）预备金 Reserve portfolio of risk 预备金组合风险 Resolution 决议，解决 Rest 停止陈述 Restatements of law 《法律注释汇编》Restitution 恢复原状Restitutionary relief 恢复原状的救济 Restraint 约束；限制retain 连任retire 退休；退庭actrigid procedure 刚性程序risk 风险 risk transfer 风险转移robbery 抢劫（罪）roman law 罗马法roman law legal system(or family)罗马法系roster 花名册；专门人员名单rule of evidence 证据规则rule of law 法治；法律规则search warrant 搜查令second instance 二审secondary authon`ty 次要法源secondary benefit 次位补助金secondary financing 间接融资secondary party 间接当事人；次位当事人secret service （联邦）保密署secretary of state 州务部长secured debt 担保债务seizure warrant 扣押令（状）self-defense 自卫；正当防卫self-identification 自我认定self-incrimination 自我归罪seminar 研讨班；研讨会；研讨课程separate 分立；分局 separate legal entity 独立法律实体 separate property 分有财产 separation of powers 三权分立 settlement agreement 清偿协议slander 诽谤 social security act 社会保险条例 social security benefit 社会保险补助金 social security tax??社会保险税solicitor 诉状律师source 渊源sovereign power 主权special court 特别法院；专门法院 special property 特别财产specific performance 特别履行 statute-like norm 准法律规范statute of frauds 诈欺条例；反诈欺法 statutory authority 制定法法源 statutory crime 制定法规定之犯罪；法定犯罪 statutory law 制定法statutory measure 法定措施statutory offense 制定法规定之犯罪；法定犯罪 statutory provision 法律规定 stay 延缓（审判或执行）subject matter 主题事项；标的 subject property 标的财产 subject to financing clause 融资条件条款 subpoena 传唤（令） subsidiary corproration 子公司；附属公司 subsistence allowance 生活津贴substantial evidence 实质（体）证据 substantail law 实体法supreme law 最高法律（宪法） suspect 嫌疑人 suspicion 嫌疑；怀疑sustain 维持；认可? ?? ?? ?? ?Ttangible 有形的 tangible evidence 实物证据tangible property 有形财产 tarriff 关税task force 专项研究组；专案组term 条款；期限testamentary trust 遗嘱委托testator 立遗嘱人testify 作证testimonial evidence 言词证据testimony 证言 the Dispute Settlement Body(DSB) 争端解决机构? ? the European Intellectual PropertyReview 《欧洲知识产权评论》tortions 侵权行为的trade mark 商标traffic accidents 交通事故traffic ticket 交通违章（罚款）通知单tranquility??安宁transaction 交易transfer 转让，过户 travel accident insurance 旅行意外保险treason 叛国罪treaty 条约two-house legislature 两院制立法机关type of evidence 证据类型umpire 仲裁人unanimous 意见一致unanimous court 合意（意见一致的）法庭unanimous verdict??一致裁决? ???unauthorized practice laws 有关无授权开业活动的法律unclaimed property 无主财产，无人认领财产unemployment tax 失业税Uniform Bills of lading Act 《统一提单条例》Uniform Commercial Code 《统一商法典》Uniform Conditional Sales Act 《统一附条件销售条例》Uniform Negotiable Insurance Act 《统一票据条例》Uniform Partnership Act 《统一合伙条unjust enrichment 不当得利unlawful conduct 非法行为unwritten law 不成文法U.S. attorney 联邦检察官Use tax 使用税Vvalidation 有效性；生效；批准validity 合法性；正当性venue 审判地verdict 判决；裁定voir dire （对陪审员的）诚实审查voting right (投票)表决权Wwaive 放弃（权利）warrant 批准令（状）warranty 保证；担保；保（修）单warrant less seizure 无证扣押weight of evidence 证据份量welfare 福利welfare recipient 福利受领人YYour Honor 法官阁下Young Lawyers Division青年律师分会Your Witness证人先生或女士（尊称）Z? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ???zoning 区域规划zoning ordinance 区域规划法令。
何家弘法律英语精品课件第一课
何家弘法律英语精品课件第一课一、教学内容本节课选自何家弘教授的《法律英语》教材，主要围绕第一章节“法律英语基础概念”展开。
详细内容包括：法律英语的特点、法律词汇的构成、法律句型的结构以及法律文本的阅读技巧。
二、教学目标1. 理解并掌握法律英语的基本概念和特点；2. 学习并运用法律词汇的构成方法和法律句型结构；3. 提高阅读法律文本的能力，为日后的法律实践奠定基础。
三、教学难点与重点教学难点：法律句型的结构及其在实际应用中的灵活运用。
教学重点：法律英语的特点、法律词汇的构成及法律文本阅读技巧。
四、教具与学具准备1. 教具：多媒体教学设备、PPT课件、黑板；2. 学具：教材、笔记本、字典。
五、教学过程1. 导入：通过一个实际案例，让学生了解法律英语在日常法律实践中的重要性；2. 新课内容讲解：a. 法律英语的特点；b. 法律词汇的构成；c. 法律句型的结构；d. 法律文本阅读技巧；3. 例题讲解：结合教材例题，讲解法律句型的应用；4. 随堂练习：让学生运用所学知识，完成课堂练习；6. 互动环节：学生提问，教师解答。
六、板书设计1. 法律英语的特点；2. 法律词汇的构成；3. 法律句型的结构；4. 法律文本阅读技巧；5. 例题及解答。
七、作业设计a. 选择题：法律词汇填空；b. 简答题：法律句型应用；c. 阅读理解：法律文本阅读。
2. 答案：课后习题答案将在下次课前公布。
八、课后反思及拓展延伸1. 课后反思：对本节课的教学效果进行反思，针对学生的掌握情况，调整教学方法；2. 拓展延伸：推荐学生阅读法律英语相关书籍和文章，提高法律英语水平。
本节课通过实践情景引入、例题讲解、随堂练习等环节，使学生在掌握法律英语基本概念和特点的基础上，学会运用法律词汇和句型，提高阅读法律文本的能力，为日后的法律实践奠定基础。
同时，课后作业和拓展延伸有助于巩固所学知识，提高学生的法律英语水平。
重点和难点解析：1. 法律句型的结构及其在实际应用中的灵活运用；2. 法律文本阅读技巧；3. 课后作业和拓展延伸的设计。
何家弘法律英语课件_第四课.
影响美国的25个司法大案》的第二章 美国宪政法治的捍 卫者：最高法院的九尊护法神
法律英语 4
• 联邦法院和州法院管辖的案件种类不同，在刑事 领域内，联邦法院审理哪些违反联邦法律的犯罪 案件；在民事领域内，联邦法院审理以合众国为 一方当事人、涉及“联邦性质问题”、以及发生 在不同州的公民之间且有管辖权争议的案件。 • 按照美国宪法的规定，凡是法律没有明确授予联 邦法律法院的司法管辖权，都属于州法院。在实 践中，绝大多数刑事案件和民事案件都是由各州 法院审理的。
• 联邦制包括：两级政府，即在宪法之下各自存在的中央 和地方政府，各自由公民直接选举产生，并且可以通过 立法、行政和税收直接作用于公民；由一个最高裁判机 关—联邦最高法院来解决两级政府在权利分配上的争端 ；联邦机构，包括两院制的立法机关，是为了保证地方 少数人和团体的利益能纳入中央政策的制定程序中。
15
Part 1: Courts
• Fifty-two separate court systems in the U.S. • 52个独立的法院系统
Fifty states District of Columbia Federal court system
2018/10/12 法律英语 16
• The federal courts are not superior to the state courts; they are an independent, coordinate system authorized by the US. Constitution, …… • 联邦法院不凌驾于州法院之上；它们是 由美国宪法授权的独立、并列的系统。
2018/10/12 法律英语 18
• 联邦制，联邦主义。由美国宪法来确定和保证中央和地 方的存在以及各自权利范围的方式，并由此确立中央和 地方政府的关系。联邦制的特点在于国家的权力分配至 少在两级政府—联邦政府和州政府之间进行，而同时还 保有国家整体性——由联邦政府来体现，以及地方的多样 性—有州政府来体现。
(完整word版)何家弘法律英语词汇全
AAbsolute[’æbsəlju：t］ proof 绝对证明absolute property 绝对财产(权）abstract of title 产权书摘要acceleration clause 提前（偿还）条款acceptance 承诺accident report 事故报告accident insurance 意外保险accusation 指控；控告accusatorial procedure 控告程序accusatorial process of proof 控告证明过程（程序）accusatorial system 控告或诉讼程序accused 被指控者accuser 控告人acknowledgement 认知(书)acquittal 无罪判决act 条例；作为Act for the prevention of Frauds and Perjuries 《预防诈欺和伪证条例》action 诉讼；作为actual losses 实际损失adjudication 裁决；裁定administrative law 行政法administrative law judge 行政法法官administrative procedure 行政程序administrator 管理人;监管人admissible 可采的admissibility 可采性admit 采用；允许adoption 收养adulterous conduct 通奸行为ad valorem property tax 从价财产税adversarial hearing 对抗式听证会adversarial process 对抗式程序adversary 对手adversary trial system 对抗式（或抗辩）审判制度advocacy 出庭辩护；诉讼代理advocate 辩护人；诉讼代理人affidavit 正式书面陈述affirm 维持（原判）affirmation 保证书；证词affirmative 确保的agency （行政)机关agency action 机关（行政）机关agreed upon remedies 补救协议agreement 协议agreement-as-written 书面协议agreement —in—fact 事实协议alibi 阿里白（不在犯罪场的证明）alienation of affection 离间夫妻关系allegation 声称;指控allege 诉称;指控alleged offense 所控罪行alternate juror 替补陪审员amendment 修正案American Bar Association 美国律师协会American Law Institute 美国法学会analogy 类推Anglo-American Legal System 英美法系anonymous accusation 匿名控告appeal 上诉appear 出庭appellant 上诉人appellate action 上诉行为appellate court 上诉法院appellee 被上诉人appealer 上诉人appropriate 拨款appurtenant 附属物arbiter 仲裁人arbitrary武断的arbitration仲裁arraignment初审array 陪审员名单arrest 逮捕arrest warrant 逮捕令（证）arrestee 被捕人article 条款，文章article of authority 授权条款articles of confederation 《联帮条例》articles of incorporation 公司组织章程artificial person 法人Asian American legal defense and education fund 亚裔美国人法律辩护与教育基金会assault 意图或威胁伤害assert 主张，宣称asset 资产assistant attorney 助理法官associate judge 副法官associate justice 副大法官assumption 违约合同,违约赔偿之诉assumption 假定attempt 意图，企图attempted escape 逃脱未遂attestation 证词attorney 代理人，律师attorney at law 律师attorney general 检察长authentication 鉴定authority 权力，法源,权威性依据automobile insurance 机动车保险automobile tort 机动车侵权行为autonomy 自治（权）Bban 禁令,禁止banishment 流放bankruptcy 破产bankruptcy discharge 破产债务解除bankruptcy judge 破产法官bar 律师职业bar association 律师协会barrister 出庭律师battery 殴打bench trial 法官审beneficiary 受益人benefit 收益，福得bigamy 重婚罪bill of lading 提单bill of right 《人权法案》bind over 具保，具结binder 临时保险单binding 有约束力binding contract 有约束力的合同binding force 约束力binding interpretation 有约束力的解释black—letter law （普通接受之基本原则的）黑体字法black nation bar association 全美黑人律师协会blue sky law 蓝天法（关于股票买卖控制的法律) Board of Governors（ABA)（美国律师协会的）董事会body of law 法体bond 债券；保释金bond instrument 债券契据branding 鞭笞breach 违约；破坏bride 贿赂bribery 贿赂(罪）bright—line test 明显界限检验标准broker 中间人brokerage fee 佣金；中介费brother-sister corporation 兄弟公司；姊妹公司Bulk Sales Act《大宗销售条例》burden 责任burden of going forward with the evidence 先行举证责任burden of persuasion 说服责任；证明责任burden of producing evidence 举证责任burden of proof 证明责任burglary入室盗窃（罪)business corporation实业公司business law 实业法business organization 实业组织buy-out agreement（股权)承买协议buy—sell agreement（股权）买卖协议bylaws（内部）章程CCalifornia Penal Code《加州刑法典》capital account 资本帐户capital crime 可判死刑罪capital punishment 死刑capital surplus 资本盈余capitation tax 人头税career criminal 职业罪犯career judiciary 职业法官case briefing 案情摘要case—in—chief 主诉case law 判例法case method 案例教学法case report 判决报告case reports 判例汇编casualty insurance （意外伤害）保险catalog 商品目录（单）certificate 证书certificate of existence 实体存在证明（书）challenge 置疑；挑战(完整word版)何家弘法律英语词汇全challenge for cause有理回避chancery court 衡平法院charging instrument 控告文件checks and balances 制衡(原则）chief judge 首席法官chief justice 首席大法官child abuse 虐待儿童circuit court 巡回法院circuit judge 巡回法官circumstantial evidence 旁证;情况证据citation 引证cite 援引;传讯civil court 民事法civil forfeiture 民事罚没civil law 民法Civil Law Legal System 民法体系civil liability 民事责任civil Liberty 民事自由civil Litigation民事诉讼civil procedure 民事诉讼程序civil suit民事诉讼Civil trial 民事审判Civil right 民权Civil right law 民权法Civil War Income Tax Act 《内战所得税条例》Claim 诉讼请求,索赔Classification of law 法律分类Close corporation内部持股公司Closely held corporation 内部持股公司Closing 终结，成交,结帐Closing argument 最后论述Closing statement成交声明Code 法典Code of Judicial Conduct 《法官行为准则》Codify 编成法典Co—felon 共同重罪犯Cohabitation 同居Collateral contract 附属合同Collegiate bench 合议席Collegiate panel 合议庭Commercial clause 商务条款，贸易条款Commercial law 商法Commercial paper 商务文件Commission佣金Commit 交托，犯（罪)Commitment 犯罪，许诺,委托Commitment of financing 融资许诺Common law 普通法Common law damages 普通法赔偿金Common law legal system（family) 普通法法系Common law marriage 普通法婚姻Common property 共同财产Common stock 普通股票Community property 共同财产Comparative law 比较法Comparative negligence 比较过失Compensation 赔偿（金）Compensatory damage 应予赔偿之损害Competence 管辖权限Competency 有效性Complaint 控告，申诉Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act 《滥用毒品的综合预防与控制条例》Compulsory license 强制性许可Concur附条件地同意Concurring opinion 并存（判决）意见Confer 授与Conference 协商会议Confidential information 保密信息Confiscation 没收Conflict law 冲突法Congress 国会Consent 同意，认可Consideration 对价，约因Constitution 宪法Constitutional Convention 制宪会议Constitutional law 宪法Constitutional tort 宪法性侵权Constitutionality 合宪性Construction （法律的）结构，解释Construe 解释,分析Consultation 磋商Consumer protection statute 消费者保护法律Consumption tax 消费税Continental Law Legal System(or Family) 大陆法系Contingent fee 胜诉酬金Continuance 诉讼延期Contract 合同Contract dispute 合同纠纷Contract formation 合同构成Contract interpretation 合同解释Contract law 合同法Contract performance 合同履行contractor 承包商contravence 触犯；违犯contributory negligence 共同过失controlling law 应适应之法律conversion 非法占有convey 转让conveyance 转让convertible bond 可转换债券conviction 有罪判决convincing evidence 使人信服的证据copyright 版权;著作权corporal punishment肉体刑corporate camsel 公司法律顾问corporate excise tax 公司执照税corporate law 公司法corporation 公司corporation aggregate 合有公司corporation code 公司法典corporation law 公司法corporation sole 独有公司corpus 尸体;本金Council on legal Education Opportunities 法律教育机会委员会counselor （法律)顾问;律师counselor—at-law 律师court 法院；法官court decision 法院判决court fee 诉讼费court of appeals 上诉法院court of chancery 衡平法法院court of claims 索赔法院court of customs and Patent Appeals 关税及专利上诉法院court of domestic relations 家庭关系法院court opinion 法院判决意见courtroom 法庭coverage 保险范围crime 犯罪crime code 刑法典crime homicide 有罪杀人crime justice system 刑事司法系统crime law 刑法crime liability 刑事责任crime procedure 刑事诉讼程序cross-examination 交叉盘问;盘诘cruel and unusual punishment 残忍和非常的刑罚cumulative evidence 累计证据curative 临时监护的curriculum guide 课程指南custody 监护custom duty 关税customary law 习惯法customary practice 惯例customs court 关税法院D damage 损害；损伤damage claim 损害赔偿请求damages 损害赔偿金deadlocked jury 僵局陪审团death penalty 死刑death tax 遗产税debenture 债单（券）debt securities 债权证券decide a case 判案deed 契约deed book 文契汇编defamation 诽谤default 不履行；违约defendant 被告人defence 辩护defence attorney 辩护律师defense’s case—in—chief 辩护方主讼deficiency judgment 不足额判决degrees of murder （恶意）杀人罪的等级delegation 授权delegated legislation 授权立法deliberate intention 故意deliberation (陪审团）评议demonstrative evidence 示意证据deprivation 剥夺derogatory treatment of the work 对作品的贬毁性处理(或使用）designs 设计detract 毁损;贬低developer (土地）开发商dicta 判决附带意见dignity 尊严direct evidence 直接证据direct examination 直接盘问direct tax 直接税disability insurance 残疾保险disabled dependent child 无谋生能力的残疾儿童discharge 解雇；释放discount 贴现;折扣discovery 要求告知discrete risk transfer product 离散性风险转移（保险)产品discretion 自由裁量权discriminatory 歧视性税收dispense 执行;施行dispute 争议;纠纷disposition 处置（权）dissent 异议；反对dissenting opinion 异议；反对意见dissolution 解散distort 歪曲；误解district attorney 地区检查官database right 数据权dividend 股息division of title 产权分割divorce 离婚docket 备审案件目录doctrine 法则;原则doctrine of constitutional supremacy 宪法至上原则doctrine of Maranda Warnings 米兰达忠告原则document 文件;文书document of title 产权证书domant Commerce Clause 休眠的"贸易条款" domicile 住所地double jeopardy 一罪二审draft 起草;草拟draftman 起草者drug trade 毒品交易drug trafficking 毒品交易dry run 干转；排练due diligence 适当努力due process 正当程序Due Process Clause 正当程序条款due process test 正当程序检验标准duration 期限duress 强迫;胁迫duty 义务;关税duty of care 照看义务Eearnest money 定金easyment 地役权ecclesiastical court 宗教法庭economic law 经济法effective date 生效日期effective time 生效时间element of crime 犯罪要素(件）empower 授权enact 制定;颁布en banc 全体法官出庭审判encroachment 侵占encumbered property 抵押财产enforce 实施;执行enforceable 可强制执行的enforceability 可执行性enforcement of Law 执法English—American Legal System (or Family) 英吉利法系enjoin（衡平）强制令entail 限定继承entity 实体environmental impact statement 环境影响报告environmental Law 环境保护法Environmental protection Agency(EPA）环境保护局environmental quality 环境质量equal protection clause 平等保护条款equitable relief 衡平救济equity 衡平法equity Law 衡平法equity precedent 衡平法判例equity securities 产权证券;衡平证券error 过错escape 逃走；逃脱escrow 第三者保存合同essential justice 实质公正estate 财产;遗产estate tax 遗产税ＥＵDirective 欧盟指令evaluate 评价evict 逐出（租户)evidence 证据evidentiary presumption 证据推定evidentiary rule 证据规则ex aequo at bono 公平且善良examine 检查；盘问examination 检查;盘问exception 例外exception clause 例外条款excise tax 执照税exclude 排除exclusive listing 读家上市exclusive right 排他性权利exclusive tax situs 唯一征税地点excusable homicide 可宽恕之杀人execute 执行；签属execution 执行executive acts 行政条例executive branch 行政部门executive order 行政命令executor (遗嘱)执行人executor of estate 遗产执行人exemption 免除；豁免exhibit 展示物（证）exigent circumstance 紧急情况existing securities 上市证券exparte 单方面的expectation damages 预期赔偿金expert 专家(证人）expert testimony 专家证言expert witness 专家证人express contract 明示合同express statutory provision 法律明文规定 express warranty 明示保证（保修） ex rel 依据告发 face amount 面颊 face value 面植 facilitate 促使:利于 fact 事实 fact in issue 争议事实 factor 因素;代理商Factors Lien Act 《代理商留置权条例》 Fair trial 公平审判false imprisonment 非法拘禁 family law 家庭法 fault 过错fault principle 过错原则 feasibility study 可行性研究 FederalAdministrativeProcedureAct 《联邦行政程序》Federal Antitrust Law 《联邦犯托拉斯法》 federal convention 联邦制宪会议 federal crime of murder 联邦杀人罪 Federal Housing Act 《联邦住房条例》 Federal Income Tax Act 《联邦所得税条例》 federal judge 联邦法官Federal rules of civil procedure 《联邦民事诉讼规则》Federal rules of criminal procedure 《联邦刑事诉讼规则》Federal rules of evidence 《联邦证据规则》 Federal securities act 《联邦证券条例》 federal supremacy 联邦至上（原则)Federal tort claims act 《联邦侵权索赔条例》 felon 重罪犯 felony 重罪felony-murder 重罪杀人 fiduciary 受托人 file 档案;注册file a petition 呈交诉状；提出请求 fine 罚金 fingerprint 手印 fire insurance 火灾保险 fire protection 消防first degree murder 一级谋杀 first instance 一审 fixture （不动产）附属物 flogging 烙印force of law 法律效力forcible felony 暴力性重罪 foreign exchange risk 外汇风险 forfeiture 没收；罚没 form contract 格式合同 form of evidence 证据的形式 formal adjudication 正式裁决 formal rulemaking 正式规则制定 formation 构成;鉴定 franchise tax 特许经营税 fraud 诈欺free enterprise system 自由企业制度free movement of goods 自由物流，货物的自由流通freedom of choice 选择自由frustrate 使受挫折fundamental law 基本法fundamental right 基本权利Ggeneral acceptance standard （科学证据的）公认标准general partnership 一般合伙general property 一般财产(权）general provisions 总则gerontocratic 老人统治的gift tax 赠予税government tort 政府侵权（行为）grant of power 授权gross negligence 严重过失group insurance 团体保险guarantee 担保guardian 监护人guardianship 监护权guidelines for sentencing 量刑指南guilt 有罪guilty 有罪的guilty 有罪答辩Hhabitual offender 惯犯hail insurance 冰雹保险handcuff 手铐handwriting 笔迹health insurance 健康保险health regulation 卫生法规hearing 听证（会）hearing of jury 陪审团听审hearsay 传闻证据heir 继承人hierarchy 等级制度high crime 重罪hold 认定；裁定holding 认定;裁定holding device 拥有手段（形式）homicide 杀人(罪）homosexuality 同性恋house counsel （公司)专职法律顾问husband—wife relationship 夫妻关系husband—wife tort 夫妻侵权（行为） IId. 同上identification 认定;确认身份;身份证ignore 忽视；驳回illegal 非法的；违法的immaterial 无实质性的immigration law 移民法immovable property 不动产immunity 豁免（权）impair 损害;削弱impeachment 弹劾；质疑implementation 实施；执行implied contract 默认合同(完整word版)何家弘法律英语词汇全implied warranty 默认保证（保修）imprisonment 监禁imputable 可归罪于……的imputation 归罪in re 关于;案由in recess 休庭in rem 对物的（诉讼）in session 开庭inadmissible evidence 不可采证据incarceration 禁闭；监禁incest 乱伦income tax 所得税Income Tax Act 《所得税条例》income tax on corporations 公司所得税income tax on individuals 个人所得税incompetence 无行为能力;无法律资格incompetent 无行为能力的；无法律资格的incorporation 法人；公司;组成公司incorporator 公司创办人independent regulatory agency 独立规制机构indicative list 指导性名单indictment 起诉书indirect evidence 间接证据indirect tax 间接税individual choice 个人选择（权)individual freedom 个人自由individual omni competence 个人全权individual proprietorship 个体业主individual right 个人权利ineffective 失效的inequality 不平等infamous 罪恶的；丑恶的inference 推理;推论infliction 处罚informal adjudication 非正式裁决informal rulemaking 非正式规则制定information 信息; 控告书infomer 耳目；情报员initial ruling 初步裁定injunction 禁令;强制令injunctive relief 强制救济injure 伤害injustice 不公正innocence 无罪innocent 无罪的；无罪者innocent owner defense 无过错所有人辩护inquiry 调查inquisitiorial system 纠问式诉讼制度insane 精神失常insanity defense 精神失常辩护inspection 检查;审查installment land vendor 分期付款的土地出售人installment plan agreement 分期付款购物协议instruction 指示instrument 文件insurable interest 可保利益insurable loss 可保损失insurance agent 保险代理商insurance binder 临时保单insurance broker 保险中间人(完整word版)何家弘法律英语词汇全insurance card 保险卡insurance coverage 保险范围insurance law 保险法insurance policy 保险单;险种insurance premium 保险费insurance proceeds 保险收益insurance product 保险项目insured 被保险人insurer 保险人intangible 无形的intangible damage 无形损害intangible property 无形财产intangible personal property 无形的人身财产(权）inter alia 除了别的以外interfere 干涉;侵犯interlocutory injunction 临时强制令;（诉讼)中间的强制令intermediate appellate court 中级上诉法院intermetional business 调解interrogation 国际商务intentional 故意的intentional tort 故意侵权行为interest 利息；权益;利益interest rate risk 利率风险interview 询问invalid 无效的;不合法的invalidate 使无效invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私权investigation 侦查;调查investment 投资investment portfolio risk 投资风险组合investment securities 投资证券irrelevancy 无相关性irrelevant 不相关的irrelevant evidence 无相关性证据irrevocable 不可撤销的irrevocable life insurance trust 不可撤销的人寿保险信托itinerant judge 巡回法官Jjoint tenancy 共同租借(权）joint venture 合资企业joint venture corporation 合资公司joint venture with Chinese and foreign investment中外合资企业judge 法官judge—made law 法官立法judge's chamber 法官室judge’s charge to jury法官对陪审团的指令judge's instruction to jury 法官对陪审团的指示judgment判决，裁定judicial branch 司法部门judicial clerkship 法院书记员职位judicial decision 法官职位judicial district 司法区judicial interpretation 司法解释judicial notice 司法任职judicial opinion 法官判决意见(完整word版)何家弘法律英语词汇全judicial review 司法审查judicial scrutiny 司法检查judicial subjectivity 审判主观性judicial system 法院系统judiciary 法官jurisdiction 司法管辖区jurisprudence 法理学juror 陪审员jury 陪审团jury charge 法官对陪审团的指令jury pool待选陪审员库jury selection 挑选陪审员jury trial陪审团制justice 公正，大法官justice of the peace 治安法官justifiable homicide 正当杀人juvenile court 未成年人法庭juvenile delinquency 未成年人违法行为ＫKey man assurance 关键人保险Key person insurance关键人保险Kickbacks 回扣Kill杀人Killer 杀人者Know—how 技术秘密，商业秘密Ｌland use law 土地使用法last clear chance doctrine 最后明显机会法则law 法，法律law firm 律师事务所law merchant商业习惯法law of evidence证据法law reform 法律改革lawsuit 诉讼，官司lawyer 律师lawyer in government 政府律师;官方律师lawyer in private practice 私人开业律师lawyerette 律师娘lawman 外行人lay witness 普通证人；非专家证人lease 租赁lease agreement 租赁协议legacy 遗产legacy tax 遗产税legal 合法的legal advice 法律咨询legal commentary 法律评论legal education 法律教育legal effect 法律教育legal enforcement 法律效力legal English 法律英语legal family 法系legal history 法律史legal instrument 法律文件legal mechanism法律机制legal memorandum 法律备忘录legal methodology 法律方法论legal order 法律秩序legal problem 法律问题legal profession 法律职业(完整word版)何家弘法律英语词汇全legal protection 法律保护legal relationship 法律关系legal representative 法律代表legal safeguard 法律保障（措施）legal system 法律体系；法律制度legal theorist 法学理论家legal writing 法律文书写作legalese 法律涩语legality 法制legislation 立法legislative branch 立法部门legislative history 立法史legislature 立法机关legitimate 合法的levy 征收（税）liability 责任；债务liability insurance 责任保险liberty 自由license plate (车)执照牌license tax 执照税lien 留置（权）life estate 终生财（遗）产life insurance 人寿保险limited partnership 有限合伙liquidated damages 预定违约金liquidity risk 流动资金风险literary property 著作产权litigant 诉讼当事人litigation 诉讼；打官司livestock insurance 家畜保险loan 贷款lord chancellor （英国）大法官loss of rights 丧失权利MMagistrate 司法官Magna Charta of great Britain 《英国大宪章》mail order 邮购majority opinion 多数（法官）的意见malicious prosecution 恶意起诉malfeasance 渎职（罪)malpractice 渎职行为mandate 命令；授权mandatory insurance law 强制保险法manslaughter 非恶意杀人marine insurance 海上保险marital status 婚姻状况marital status classification 婚姻状况的分类maritime tort 海上侵权行为market economy 市场经济marriage 婚姻marriage ceremony 婚礼marriage certificate 结婚证书marriage law 婚姻法marriage relationship 婚姻关系marriage termination rule (残疾人领取社会保险补助的）婚姻终止规则material 实质性的materiality 实质性maxims of equity law 衡平法准则Mayflower Compact “五月花号"公约medical malpractice 医生不当行为mental capacity 心智能力mental condition 精神状态mentor 辅导教师minor issue 枝节问题；未成年人问题Miranda Warning 米兰达忠(警）告misapply 错误适用misdemeanor 轻罪mislaid property 错置财产misrepresentation 虚假陈述mistrial 无效审判mock trial 模拟审判Model Business Corporation Act 《标准实业公司条例》Model Penal Code 《标准刑法典》Model State Administrative Procedure Act 《标准洲行政程序条例》modern commerce Power test 现代商务（贸易）权力检验标准modern delegation of power doctrine 现代授权法则monopolization 垄断monopoly right 专有权moot court 模拟法庭mortgage 抵押（品）motion 动议,请求movable property 动产multiple listing 多重上市;多重登记Multistate Bar Exam 多洲律师资格考试murder 恶意杀人；凶杀murderer 杀人犯mutilation 断肢NNational Association for the Advancement of Colored People 全国有色人种促进会National Conference of Black Lawyers 全国黑人律师大会National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform state Laws 统一各洲法律全国代表大会National Environmental Policy Act 《全国环境政策条例》National Institute of Minority Lawyers 全国少数民族律师学会National Law Journal 《国家法律学报》narcotics distribution 麻醉品供销narcotics trafficking 麻醉品交易narcotics violation 麻醉品违法行为natural justice 自然公正negative form of protection 否定（或消极）形式的保护negligence 过失negligent homicide 过失杀人negligent tort 过失侵权行为negotiable instrument 票据negotiation 谈判;协商New Deal （罗斯福)“新政”no contest 无争辩no par share 无面值股票non—profit corporation 非营利公司norm 规范;标准not guilty plea 无罪答辩notice 通知notice of transfer 过户通知notification 通知；通报notion 概念nullification process 无效程序Oobject 反对objection 反对；异议obligation 义务occupancy agreement 占用协议offender 犯罪人offense 罪行offer 要约；发盘offer of Proof 提供证明Old Boy Network 老哥们关系网Omission不做为：不履行义务Omni competence有全部权利Opening statement开场陈述Opening testimony意见证言Oral contract口头合同Order命令;次序Pperforms’ rights 表演权peril 危险 perjure作伪证perjury伪证罪perpetrate犯罪perpetator犯罪人ordinance法令personal property动产outstanding balance未付款额personal right人身权利outstanding share已发行股票personal tort人身侵权overrule推翻；驳回persuasive authority劝导性发源ownership所有权petition申请ownership interest所有权力petty misdemeanor微罪physical exhibit展示物品physical injury身体伤害panel团或组plaintiff原告人par value面值plea答辩paramour奸夫plea of guilty有罪答辩parent child relation父子女关系plea of contest无争辩答辩parent corporation母公司plea of guilty无罪答辩parent unfitness父母不胜任police警察parole假释police magistrate警务法官partnership合伙police magistrate court警察法院passage of title产权转移police power警察权利passive investor消极投资人policy政策patent专利policy holder投保人paternity父亲身份(完整word版)何家弘法律英语词汇全poll tax人头税penal code刑法典portfolio of risk风险组合penalty刑罚possession占有权pending待决postponement延迟penitentiary监狱practice law从事律师工作penitentiary sentence监禁刑practicing lawyer开业律师penology刑法学practice of law律师事物per curiam依法院所定precedent判例peremptory challenge强制回避precedential support判例支持perform履行predeprivation hearing执行剥夺前的听证performance履行predictability可预见性performance bond履行保证金preept 优先于Preferential claim 优先索赔权Preferred stock 优先股票Prejudice 偏见Preliminary exanimation 预审Preliminary hearing 预审听证会Preliminary injunction预先执行令Preliminary negotiation预谈判;初步协商Premises房屋；上述房屋Premium保险费；红利；溢价prenticed seizure 通知前扣押preponderance of proof 优势证明preponderant evidence 优势证据prescription 时效;规定presentation 陈述persistence investigation 量刑前调查presidential Assassination Statute 《暗杀总统法》presumption innocence 无罪推定(完整word版)何家弘法律英语词汇全pretrial motion 审前动议prevailing doctrine 优势法则；流行学说prevail 优先(适用）prima facie 表面的；初步的prima facie evidence 有表面证据之案prima facie evidence 表面证据primary authority 主要法源principle of legality 法制原则privacy 隐私权private corporation 私有公司private law 私法private property 私有财产private prosecution 私诉privilege 特权；特许权;特免权privileges and immunities clause 特权与豁免条款prose 自己；亲自probable cause 可能理由；合理原因probate court 遗嘱检验法院probation 缓刑probation officer 缓刑官probative value 证明价值probativeness 证明性procedural history 程序史procedural regime 诉讼制度procedural safeguard 程序保障procedure 程序proceedings 诉讼；程序product liability 产品责任profit 利润profit corporation 营利公司progeny 后代prohibition 禁止promise 许诺promulgation 颁布proof 证明proof beyond a reasonable doubt 超出合理怀疑的证明property 财产property law 财产法property right 财产权利property tax 财产税property tort 财产侵权行为proponent 支持者；提议者proprietor 个体业主proprietorship 个体企业(完整word版)何家弘法律英语词汇全proscription 禁止；剥夺公权prosecuting attorney 公诉律师；检察官prosecution 起诉prosecutor 检察官；起诉人prosecutor's case—in—chief 检方主诉prospective juror 将任陪审员prostitute 妓女protective tariff 保护性关税prove 证明Provision 规定，条款Provisions of Oxford 《牛津条例》Psychiatrist 精神病学家Public charge 受政府救济者、Public corporation 公有公司Public defender 公共辩护律师Public good 公益Public law 公法Public offense 公罪（侵犯公共利益的犯罪）Public property 公共财产Public prosecution 公诉Public prosecutor 公诉人，检察官Public utilities 公共事业Public held corporation 公众持股公司Punishable 可处罚的Punishment 刑罚Punitive sanction 惩罚性处分Purpose 目的，宗旨Pursuant to law 依法QQualified property 有限制财产Quantum meruit （无合同规定时）按合理价格支付,合理给付Quasi tort 准侵权行为Quote 引用，引证RRacial discrimination 种族歧视Racial segregation 种族隔离Rain insurance 雨水保险Rarnpant 猖獗的Rape 强奸Ratify 认可Rational relationship test 合理关系检验标准Real estate 不动产Real Estate Settlement Procedure Act 《不动产纠纷解决程序条例》Real evidence 实在证据Real property 不动产Reasonable basis 合理根据Reasoning 论证，推论Rebuttable presumption 可驳回推定Rebuttal evidence 反驳证据Recess 休庭Reciprocal exemption statutes 互免税法律Reckless conduct 疏忽大意行为Reckless homicide 疏忽大意杀人Recourse 追索权,求偿权Recovery 追索，补偿Redemption 赎回Redress 矫正，赔偿Registration sticker 注册贴签Regulation 法规，规章Rehearing 复审Reinstatement （权利）恢复Reinstatement fee 恢复费Release 释放Relevancy 相关性Relevant evidence 相关证据Relief 救济Remand 发回重审Remedy 补救Repeal 废止，撤消Repealer 废止议案Repeat offender 累犯Representation 代理Res ipsa loquitur 不言自明的Reservation of power 权利保留Reserve 储备金（保险）预备金Reserve portfolio of risk 预备金组合风险Resolution 决议,解决Rest 停止陈述Restatements of law 《法律注释汇编》Restitution 恢复原状Restitutionary relief 恢复原状的救济Restraint 约束;限制retain 连任retire 退休；退庭retroactive 有溯及力的retroactive effect 溯及力revenue 税收revised uniform limited partnership act 统一有限合伙修订条例revocable trust 可撤销的信托revocation 撤回right 权利right to privacy 隐私权rigid procedure 刚性程序risk 风险risk transfer 风险转移robbery 抢劫（罪)roman law 罗马法roman law legal system（or family）罗马法系roster 花名册；专门人员名单rule of evidence 证据规则rule of law 法治；法律规则rulemaking 规章制定；规则制定ruling 裁定ruling on evidence 关于证据的裁定SSafety responsibility law 安全责任法Sales tax 销售税Sanction 制裁;处分；罚则sanitary code 卫生条例search 搜查search warrant 搜查令second instance 二审secondary authon`ty 次要法源secondary benefit 次位补助金secondary financing 间接融资secondary party 间接当事人；次位当事人secret service (联邦）保密署secretary of state 州务部长secured debt 担保债务securities 证券Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会securities exchange act 《证券交易条例》securities law 证券法security 担保;保安；证券seductive 诱人堕落的seize 扣押seizure 扣押seizure warrant 扣押令（状）self—defense 自卫；正当防卫self—identification 自我认定self-incrimination 自我归罪seminar 研讨班；研讨会；研讨课程separate 分立;分局(完整word版)何家弘法律英语词汇全separate legal entity 独立法律实体separate property 分有财产separation of powers 三权分立settlement agreement 清偿协议settler 财产授予者share 股份；股票share holder 股东shell corporation 空壳公司shoplifting 商店偷拿行为short title 简称shyster 讼棍sickness insurance 疾病保险simulation 模拟(练习）slander 诽谤social security act 社会保险条例social security benefit 社会保险补助金social security tax 社会保险税solicitor 诉状律师source 渊源sovereign power 主权special court 特别法院;专门法院special property 特别财产specific performance 特别履行specimen 样本stamp tax 印花税standard of proof 证明标准standing 依据stare decisis 遵从前例state attorney 洲检察官state property 国家财产statd capital 设定资产statute 制定法；法律statute-like norm 准法律规范statute of frauds 诈欺条例;反诈欺法statutory authority 制定法法源statutory crime 制定法规定之犯罪；法定犯罪statutory law 制定法statutory measure 法定措施statutory offense 制定法规定之犯罪；法定犯罪statutory provision 法律规定stay 延缓（审判或执行）stock 股票stock exchange 股票交易stock retirement plan 退股计划stock transfer tax 股票过户税(完整word版)何家弘法律英语词汇全strategy 战略；策略strict liability tort 严格责任侵权strike insurance 罢工保险sub judice 在审判中；尚未判决subject 主体；标的subject matter 主题事项；标的subject property 标的财产subject to financing clause 融资条件条款subpoena 传唤（令)subsidiary corproration 子公司;附属公司subsistence allowance 生活津贴substantial evidence 实质（体）证据substantail law 实体法substantive due process 实体性正当程序substantive law 实体法sue 起诉;诉sufficient evidence 充足证据suit 诉讼summary judgment 即决判决supervisor 监察;监委support 供养；抚养supreme court 最高法院supreme law 最高法律（宪法）suspect 嫌疑人suspicion 嫌疑；怀疑sustain 维持；认可Ttangible 有形的tangible evidence 实物证据tangible property 有形财产tarriff 关税task force 专项研究组；专案组tax 税；税收tax assessment procedure 税额评定程序tax court 税收法院tax evasion 逃税tax law 税法taxation 税收;税务taxation law 税收法；税务法tenant 承租人term 条款;期限testamentary trust 遗嘱委托testator 立遗嘱人testify 作证testimonial evidence 言词证据testimony 证言。
何家弘法律英语课件_第四课
2014-10-26
法律英语
17
Federalism 联邦制度
• The presence of two parallel court system often raises questions concerning the relationship of the state and federal systems, presenting important issues of federalism. • 两种并列的法院系统的存在经常带来州 与联邦系统关系的问题，提出了重要的 联邦制度问题。
2014-10-26
法律英语
20
Two-tiered system 两级审判制 Nebraska 内布拉斯加
Three-tiered system 三级审判制
Any litigant Plead his case before
Trial court 初审法院 Two levels of appeal 两级上诉
2014-10-26
影响美国的25个司法大案》的第二章 美国宪政法治的捍 卫者：最高法院的九尊护法神
法律英语 4
• 联邦法院和州法院管辖的案件种类不同，在刑事 领域内，联邦法院审理哪些违反联邦法律的犯罪 案件；在民事领域内，联邦法院审理以合众国为 一方当事人、涉及“联邦性质问题”、以及发生 在不同州的公民之间且有管辖权争议的案件。 • 按照美国宪法的规定，凡是法律没有明确授予联 邦法律法院的司法管辖权，都属于州法院。在实 践中，绝大多数刑事案件和民事案件都是由各州 法院审理的。
Should he lose
2014-10-26
法律英语
21
In the federal system
• Trial court(初审法院) – the U.S. District Court (94) – 联邦地区法院 • Intermediate appellate courts – The U.S. Court of Appeals
何家弘法律英语课件_第七课
巨大挑衅 激情之下 故意杀人
26 2015-1-17
Voluntary manslaughter
• the person killed another person; • the person acted in the heat of passion; • and heat of passion was caused by adequate provocation. /def2/m012.htm
30 2015-1-17
• In such paramour killing cases the conviction rate is quite low. • 在杀死情敌的案例中，定罪率很低 • Concocted explanation of self-defense • 编造的有关自卫的解释 • Acquittal by reason of ―the unwritten law‖ • 根据“不成文法”作出的无罪判决
5
2015-1-17
6
2015-1-17
TEXT
Homicide
• Not all homicides are criminal. • Justifiable homicide ——正当杀人 • Excusable homicide ——可宽恕的杀人
7
2015-1-17
Justifiable homicide
2
2015-1-17
Background
• Model Penal Code • Model Penal Code was created by a group of law professors, judges, and lawyers to offer a comprehensive revision of the criminal law. The Model Penal Code is not law and has no binding effect. It has, however, been the model for many state criminal codes and has been very influential on state and local legislators. • /model-penalcode.htm