股四头肌肌力与髌股关节稳定性关系的研究_梁兴森
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Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine,Dec.2008,Vol.23,No.12
·基础研究·
股四头肌肌力与髌股关节稳定性关系的研究*
梁兴森1余正红2王宗帅1李鉴轶2李义凯1,3
摘要目的:了解组成股四头肌的4块肌在维持髌骨稳定性中的作用,为临床治疗髌股关节不稳提供理论依据。
方法:对6例新鲜膝关节标本,在不同屈曲度下,分4种工况进行加载分别模拟组成股四头肌的4块肌在生理及不同病理状态下的肌力。对髌骨施加外侧方移位载荷,记录使髌骨向外移位1cm的载荷。结果:生理状态下,在膝关节屈曲过程中,20°时使髌骨向外侧半脱位的载荷最小(61±13N),约为屈曲90°时的1/3;在松解股内侧肌后,屈膝10°—30°半脱位载荷明显减小(P<0.05),进一步松解股外侧肌导致整个屈膝过程中半脱位载荷均明显减小(P<0.05)。结论:整个股四头肌在髌骨外侧半脱位的预防、治疗及康复过程中具有重要作用,手术治疗不宜破坏股外侧肌,康复尤其应重视股内侧肌肌力的恢复。
关键词髌股关节;股四头肌;髌骨半脱位
中图分类号:R493文献标识码:A文章编号:1001-1242(2008)-12-1064-03
Exploration of relation between muscle force of the quadriceps femoris and patellofemoral stabilization/ LIANG Xingsen,YU Zhenghong,WANG Zongshuai,et al.//Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine,2008,23
(12):1064—1066
Abstract Objective:To understand the contribution of the4muscles of the quadriceps femoris,and to provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatment of instability of the patellofemoral joint.Method:Six fresh human cadaver knees were flexed at different angles,loading the4muscles to simulate4operating conditions of physiology and pathologic situation and then loading the patella to deviate it 1.0cm from normal position laterally,and measured the loads.Result:In physiologic condition,at20°in the process of the knee flexing,the loads which subluxated the patella was smallest(61±13N),about one-third of90°.Slackened the vastus medialis,the loads decreased obviously when flexing10°—30°,and had significant difference(P<0.05).Slackened vastus lateralis in addition,the loads decrease obviously in the whole flexing process,and it had significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion:The quadriceps femoris have significant function in the management of patella subluxation,should not be broken when operation.The strength of medial vastus muscle should be pay more attentions in rehabilitation.
Author′s address Department of Traditional Chinese Orthopedics and Traumatology,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou,510515
Key words patellofemoral joint;quadriceps femoris;patellar subluxation
髌骨脱位、髌骨软骨软化症及髌股关节骨性关节炎等疾病的发生、发展,以及膝关节置换术后髌股关节轨迹不良等均与髌股关节的失稳有关[1—3],治疗的关键在于尽可能恢复和维持髌股关节的稳定,保持髌股关节的正常运动轨迹。股四头肌是维持髌骨正常运动轨迹的动力性稳定结构,股四头肌内侧头肌力、肌张力不良将导致髌骨内外侧肌张力不平衡,从而引起髌骨脱位或半脱位。针对髌骨脱位的手术方式有股内侧肌止点移位术、股四头肌修补术、伸膝装置延长术等[4—5],临床研究报道,股四头肌功能训练有助于髌骨习惯性脱位的术后康复[6]。本研究模拟股四头肌4块肌生理及不同病理状态,对膝关节进行生物力学试验,了解组成股四头肌的4块肌对维持髌骨稳定的贡献度,为临床中针对髌股关节不稳所做的与股四头肌有关的治疗及康复选择提供理论依据。
1材料与方法
1.1实验标本
6例新鲜正常成人下肢标本(南方医科大学临床解剖学研究所提供,年龄、性别不详),左右各3例,外观无畸形,无严重创伤、手术迹象,肌肉发育良
*基金项目:国家863项目(2006AA01Z310);国家自然科学基金(30600302)
1南方医科大学中医药学院骨伤推拿教研室广州,510515
2南方医科大学临床解剖学研究所南方医科大学广东省医学生物力学重点实验室
3通讯作者
作者简介:梁兴森,男,硕士在读
收稿日期:2008-01-28
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