新人教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解(科普环保类)(I)卷
英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案)
英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案)一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Throughout much of human history, man has been the measure of many, if not all, things. Lengths were divided up into feet and smaller units from the human hand. Other measures were equally characteristic. Mediterranean traders for centuries used the weight of grains of wheat to define (定义) their units of mass. The Romans used libra, forerunner of the pound, by referring to the weight of a carob (角豆树) seed.The sizes of similarly named units could also differ. The king's foot, used in France for nearly 1, 000 years after its introduction by Charlemagne in around 790 AD, was, at 32.5cm, around a centimeter shorter than the Belgic foot, used in England until 1300.Greek, Egyptian and Babylonian versions of water in a fixed container varied from one another by a few kilos, Nor was there agreement on such things within countries. In France, where there was no unified (统一的) measurement system at the national level, the situation was particularly terrible. The lieue (former measure of distance), for example, varied from just over 3 km in the north to nearly 6 km in the south.Although John Wilkins, an Englishman, first put forward a decimal system (十进制) of measurement in 1668, it was the French who in 1799 made it law. The Système International d'Unités (SI, or the metric system, as it is better known) developed from it and became the official measurement in all countries except Myanmar, Liberia and the United States. Now the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Paris is set to give the metric system its biggest shake-up yet.At a meeting in Versailles, France, on November 16th, 2018, the world's measurement bodies are almost certain to approve a decision that will mean four out of the seven base SI units, including the kilogram, will follow the other three, including the metre, in being redefined in terms of the values of physical constants (物理常数).Each of the chosen constants has been measured incredibly precisely, which would mean that from May 20th2019 the constants will themselves be fixed at their current values for ever. Any laboratory in the world will then be able to measure, for example, the mass of an object as precisely as the accuracy of their equipment will allow.（1）What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell usA.Pound went before libra in measurement.B.Different things used to be adopted as measures.C.Grains were accepted as measures by the Romans.D.Fixed measurement systems were gradually formed.（2）How does the author develop the second paragraphA.In time order.B.By analysis.C.In space order.D.By comparison.（3）Which of the following countries used SI as an official measurementA.France.B.Liberia.C.America.D.Myanmar.（4）What will the world's measurement bodies achieve at the meeting held in VersaillesA.They will come up with seven new SI units.B.They will set May 20th as a new international festival.C.They will redefine four SI units including the kilogram.D.They will decide on a new measure used in the laboratory.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，法国凡尔赛宫举办的国际计量大会，将对目前使用的国际单位制中的四个基本单位进行重新定义，其中包括对千克的重新定义。
2020年高考英语阅读理解科普环保类专练(附答案)
2020年高考英语阅读理解科普环保类专练（附答案）一、阅读理解（共10题；共82分）1.阅读理解Water is very important to living things. Without water there can be no life on the earth. All animals and plants need water. Man also needs water. We need water to drink, to cook our food and to clean ourselves. Water is needed in offices, factories and schools. Water is needed everywhere.There is water in seas, rivers and lakes. Water is found almost everywhere. Even in the desert part of the world, there is some water in the air. You can't see or feel it when it is a part of the air. The water in the seas, rivers and lakes is a liquid, the water in the air is a gas, and we call it water vapor (蒸汽).Clouds are made of water. They may be made of very small drops of water. They may also be made of snow crystals(结晶体). Snow crystals are very small crystals of ice. Ice is frozen water. It is a solid. There can be snow and ice everywhere in winter.Water may be a solid or a liquid or a gas. When it is a solid, it may be as hard as a stone. When it is a liquid, you can drink it. When it is a gas, you can not see or feel it.（1）Where can we find water?A. We can find water when it turns into vapor.B. Water can be found almost everywhere.C. We can find water in deserts here and there.D. Water is found only in seas and rivers.（2）Clouds are made of .A. seas, rivers and lakesB. blocks of iceC. solid, liquid and gasD. very small drops of water or snow crystals（3）Water has three states(状态) .A. ice, snow and airB. solid, vapor, snowC. solid, liquid and gasD. drops of water, blocks of ice and crystals of water（4）We can drink water when it is .A. a liquidB. a solidC. in the airD. turned into ice2.阅读理解Words and the way we use them offer a rare window on social and cultural trends. Kory Stamper and Peter Sokolowski know that better than most.The Merriam-Webster(韦氏词典) lexicographers(词典编纂者) are part of a team that edits the dictionary. In a recent interview, Sokolowski and Stamper talked about their job and what the way we use words says about us collectively.So to know more about them, observers of the language, maybe we should start with some background.What is a lexicographer?Sokolowski: A lexicographer is a person who writes or edits a dictionary. The job of a dictionary editor is to prepare and present research about language. One of our former editors-in- chief said, "Tell the truth about words," and that sums it up for me.What do you guys do all day?Stamper: The two main duties of a lexicographer are reading and defining. We read everything: books, journals, blogs, phone books, take-out menus, and so on. What we're looking for are words that catch our eye. We record the context of these words and information about the sources. Those records are added to a database, and they are the raw material we use in writing definitions.When we are writing or revising a dictionary, most of our time is spent defining. We define a word according to how it is used in the recorded context, deciding whether the usage has been covered by our dictionary. Once this is done, you look at the new words and new senses and draft a definition.Drafting definitions requires some training, some experience and a lot of concentration. It's very, very quiet on the editorial floor.How closely do the most looked-up words on your online dictionary seem to be related to the news or trends?Stamper: When our dictionary went online back in 1996, we could see for the first time which were the most looked-up words in English: Affect, effect and ubiquitous were the top words. It was fascinating to us-dictionary editors spend so much time writing definitions but never could have known if anyone ever read them. We could follow what people were thinking about according to what words they were looking up. Thanks to our online dictionary, we had data.（1）What do lexicographers do?A. They collect as many words as they can and edit them into a dictionary.B. They interview as many people as they can to collect new words.C. They do research about language and edit the truth about words.D. They make deep studies of social and cultural trends.（2）What's the function of lexicographers' records during their reading?A. The records show how large the dictionary is.B. The records contain what kind of things they read.C. The records are the main things to add to the database.D. The records offer the raw material to the editors.（3）Which of the following is the correct order of a lexicographer defining a word?a. Write a draft of the definition.b. Conclude the usage of the word.c. Pay attention to the new words and new senses.d. Decide whether the usage has been covered.A. adbcB. dbacC. bdcaD. cbda（4）What does this passage mainly talk about?A. Observers of the language.B. Process of making a dictionary.C. Development of language.D. Experience of editing new words.3.阅读理解I love our kitchen. It's one of the most used parts of our home. About 9 years ago we updated our kitchen and got all new collections. At the time I didn't really do a lot of research on the functions of the equipment and Ireally wish I had. There were so many different choices on the market and I ended up buying some that I didn't really like all that much and now that it's time to update them again, I'll be more careful with the ones I choose.I've had my eye on KitchenAid for a while, especially the new KitchenAid equipment at BestBuy. The new KitchenAid equipment at Best Buy has a cook-like quality without the premium price that you might expect to pay, so it won't cost you a fortune. The equipment has a professionally inspired design that is a perfect balance of good taste and functionality.With the new KitchenAid equipment you will find cooking more optional and flexible, which contributes to your amazing performance while preparing a meal. Its five-door fridge offers organized storage and easier access to food.I love these new collections and I can't think of a better time to update your kitchen than right now, because when you buy now at Best Buy you will get 18 months financing or 5% rewards on major equipment and free delivery on purchases over $399. To learn more about how to transform your kitchen with the new KitchenAid collections, be sure to visit .（1）What is the author's regret for her last update of the kitchen?A. She didn't buy the latest equipment.B. She spent little time studying how they work.C. She purchased something she didn't like at all.D. She didn't make full use of the kitchen.（2）The underlined word "premium" in paragraph 2 can best be replaced by _____.A. favorableB. reasonableC. highD. special（3）Why is the author most impressed by the products of KitchenAid equipment?A. They can save electricity.B. The fridge has a large storage.C. The price is very low.D. They make cooking easy.（4）What is the purpose of this text?A. To recommend some kitchen equipment.B. To introduce a website.C. To compare prices of some goods.D. To describe a fridge.4.阅读理解We all know that listening to music can soothe emotional pain, but Taylor Swift, Jay-Z and Alicia Keys can also ease physical pain, according to a study of children and teenagers who had major surgery.The research was carried out because of a very personal experience. Sunitha Suresh was a college student when her grandmother had major surgery and was put in intensive care (重症监护). This meant her family couldn't always be with her. They decided to put her favorite music on an iPod so she could listen around the clock.It was very calming, Suresh says. “She knew that someone who loved her had left that music for her and she was in a familiar place.”Suresh could see that the music relaxed her grandmother and made her feel less anxious, but she wondered if she also felt less pain. That would make sense, because anxiety can make people more sensitive to pain. At the time Suresh was majoring in biomedical engineering with a minor (兼修) in music cognition (认知) at Northwestern University where her father, Santhanam Suresh, is a professor of pediatrics (儿科).So the father and daughter decided to do a study. And since Dr Suresh works with children, they decided to look at how music chosen by the children themselves might affect their tolerance for pain.It was a small study, involving 60 patients between 9 and 14 years old. All the patients were undergoing big operations that required them to stay in the hospital for at least a couple of days. Right after surgery, patients received narcotics (麻醉药) to control pain. The next day they were divided into three groups. One group heard 30 minutes of music of their choice, one heard 30 minutes of stories of their choice and one listened to 30 minutes of silence via noise canceling headphones.After a 30-minute session, the children who listened to music or books reduced their pain burden by 1 point on a 10-point scale. Sunitha Suresh says it's equal to taking an over-the-counter pain medication like Advil or Tylenol.The findings suggest that doctors may be able to use less pain medication for their pediatric patients. And that's a good thing, says Santhanam Suresh, as children are smaller and are more likely to suffer side effects. So the less pain medication, he says, the better.（1）What does the underlined word “soothe” in Paragraph 1 mean?A. reduceB. influenceC. stopD. ignore（2）What inspired Sunitha Suresh to do the research on the effects of music?A. Her father's study into music cognition.B. Her grandmother's experience of recovery.C. A book that claims anxiety can reduce pain.D. Her desire to find a way to help patients relieve pain. （3）During the research, all the participants _______.A. were under twelve years oldB. received narcotics to control pain after big operationsC. were required to stay in the hospital for a couple of monthsD. were divided into 3 groups to listen to the same music（4）What did Suresh and her father find out from their research?A. Listening to books didn't reduce the children's pain burden at all.B. Music was even more effective than pain medication for the children.C. Listening to music did reduce the children's pain burden to a great extent.D. The longer the children listened to music, the less pain they felt.（5）The findings are especially important for children because ________.A. they are more sensitive to music than adultsB. they can easily get addicted to pain medicationC. they usually don't like taking pain medicationD. they are more likely to suffer side effects of pain medication5.阅读理解There are lots of insects that farmers hate. But there also are some they like. They protect crops against damage from other insects. A good example is the lady beetle, which is also known as the ladybug(瓢虫)．Lady beetles are a natural control for aphids(蚜虫). Lady beetles are red, orange or black. They often have black spots, though some have light colored spots. Different kinds of lady beetles have different numbers of spots. There are lady beetles with four, five, seven and fourteen spots.Many of the well-known kinds of lady beetles come from Asia or Europe. They now are common throughout the United States.American scientists imported one kind of lady beetle, the multicolored Asian lady beetle, as early as 1916. They released them as an attempt to control some kinds of insects. Over the years, the beetle has become established, possibly helped by some that arrived with imported plants on ships.Experts say over 450 kinds of lady beetles are found in North America. Some are native to the area. Others have been brought from other places. Almost all are helpful to farmers.The Asian lady beetles now in the United States probably came from Japan. The Asian lady beetle eats aphids that damage crops like soybeans, fruits and berries.In the southern United States, Asian lady beetles have reduced the need for farmers to use reskilling poisons on pecan trees. This popular tree nut suffers from aphids and other pests that the lady beetles eat.But some people say the Asian lady beetle has itself become a pest. They worry that the lady beetles may eat their late autumn fruit crops.Experts say Asian lady beetles may appear in large numbers in some years. But they say the insects are too helpful to be considered as pests.（1）What do ladybugs look like?A. All kinds of ladybugs are of the same color.B. Most of them are red, orange or black.C. They each have the same number of spots on them.D. Most of them have fourteen spots.（2）Asian ladybugs have been in the United States for______.A. nine decadesB. hundreds of yearsC. half a centuryD. a century（3）According to the passage the following statements are supported EXCEPT________.A. there are more than 450 kinds of ladybugs in North America, including native onesB. only some imported ladybugs are helpful to the local plantsC. soybeans, fruits and berries are favorites of aphids.D. pecan trees are common in the south of America （4）According to the experts, ladybugs are________.A. more helpful than considered as petsB. more pests than helpful insectsC. helpful as well as destructiveD. are more destructive than helpful6.阅读理解Physics is a different world now. Will there ever be another Einstein?Scientists say a new Einstein will appear, but it may take a long time. After all, more than 200 years separated Einstein from his nearest rival (对手) , Isaac Newton. Many physicists say the next Einstein hasn't been born yet, or is only a baby now. That's because the searching for a unified(统一的) theory that would explain all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must be created before the problem can be solved.But researchers say there are many other factors working against another Einstein appearing anytime soon. For one thing, physics is quite a different field today. In Einstein's day, there were a few thousand physicists worldwide, and fewer theoreticians. Education is different, too. One extremely important aspect of Einstein's training that failed to be considered is the philosophy he read as a teenager. It taught him how to think theoretically about space and time.And he was a skilled musician. The interplay between music and math is well known. Einstein would fiercely play his violin as a way to think through a knotty physics problem.Today, universities have produced millions of physicists. There aren't many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills to more practical and rewarding efforts.Besides, those who stay in science don't work alone. It's very difficult to imagine an independent person like Einstein ever tolerating this.（1）Which of the following best explains the reason that the next Einstein hasn't been born yet?A. Education today doesn't pay enough attention to philosophy teaching.B. We don't know who will be another Einstein among newly-born babies.C. There were more physicists in Einstein's time than today.D. Math today is limited and cannot help the further development of physics.（2）One of the reasons that made Einstein a great scientist is _________.A. the philosophy he read in his teensB. the lack of physicists in his dayC. the knowledge learnt from Isaac NewtonD. his decision of not working at Wall Street（3）The underlined word “knotty” here probably means________.A. interesting and usefulB. important and meaningfulC. difficult and puzzlingD. realistic and hard（4）From Paragraphs 3 and 4, how many reasons does the writer give to explain that another Einstein hasn't appeared?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.7.阅读理解For many people who live in cities, parks are an important landscape. They provide a place for people to relax and play sports, as well as a shelter from the often severe environment of a city. What people often overlook is that parks also provide considerable environmental benefits.One benefit of parks is that plants absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen. According to one study, an acre of trees can absorb the same amount of carbon dioxide that a typical car emits in 11,000 miles of driving. Parks also make cities cooler. Scientists have long noted what is called the Urban Heat Island Effect: building materials such as metal and concrete (混凝土) absorb much more of the sun's heat and release it much more quickly than trees and grass. Because city landscapes contain so much of these building materials, cities are usually warmer than surrounding rural areas. Parks and other green spaces help to lessen the Urban Heat Island Effect.Unfortunately, many cities cannot easily create more parks. However, cities could benefit from many of the positive effects of parks by encouraging citizens to create another type of green space: rooftop gardens. While most people would not think of starting a garden on their roof, human beings have been planting gardens on rooftops for thousands of years. Some rooftop gardens are simple container gardens that anyone can create with the investment (投资) of a few hundred dollars and a few hours of work.Rooftop gardens provide many of the same benefits as other urban parks and garden spaces, but without taking up the much-needed land. In the summer, rooftop gardens prevent buildings from absorbing heat from the sun, which can significantly reduce cooling bills. In the winter, gardens help control the heat that materials like brick and concrete release so quickly, leading to savings on heating bills. Rooftop vegetables and herb gardens can also provide fresh food for city settlers, making their diets healthier. Rooftop gardens are not only something everyone can enjoy but also a smart environmental investment.（1）The underlined word “emits” in the second paragraph probably means _________.A. takes upB. gives outC. carries awayD. breathes in（2）Which of the following contributes to the Urban Heat Island Effect?A. More rooftop gardens.B. More trees and grass.C. More parking lots.D. More building materials.（3）When it comes to rooftop gardens, what can be inferred from the passage?A. They make people much happier.B. They provide more benefits from urban parks.C. They help to save money and keep a healthy diet.D. They have become very popular in recent years. （4）What's the author's attitude towards rooftop gardens?A. Supportive.B. Doubtful.C. Critical.D. Objective.8.阅读理解A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.“It's extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components (元件),” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it's connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers' fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board c ould have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis.”（1）The robotic fly project has been conducted __________.A. just by accidentB. within a decadeC. just by a professorD. for more than ten years（2）The difficulty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that __________.A. they had no model in their mindB. they did not have sufficient timeC. they had no ready-made componentsD. they could not assemble the components（3）Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects.B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.C. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.D. Wood's design can replace animals in some experiments.（4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Father of Robotic FlyB. Inspiration from Engineering ScienceC. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life InsectD. Harvard Breaks Through in Insect Study9.阅读理解On a college camping trip, curiosity about waves and sand caused Rob Thieler to study shorelines around the world. Thirty years later and now a U.S. Geological Survey research geologist, Thieler, is combining science and smartphone technology to help study an endangered bird, the Atlantic Coast piping plover.The piping plover is a shorebird that breeds（繁殖）along the Atlantic Coast, the Great Lakesand the Great Plains. Rising sea levels associated with climate change, as well as increased development in their beach habitats （栖息地）, threaten the species（物种）. To help track changes in piping plover habitats, Thieler developed a free app called iPlover in 2012. This is a marked change from the typical way scientists collect data, which involves gathering information using specialized equipment or writing in notebooks and then putting into spreadsheets.Since releasing iPlover, scientists have gathered data across 1500 km of breeding range. Thatequals about a third of the distance across the U.S., which is a large area to cover for only two thousand breeding pairs of piping plovers on the east coast. Instead of having to travel and spend days at each site, a number of cooperators in the field use the app to collect and send data, allowing scientists to gather data more efficiently. It also allows them to collect data at the same time during each breeding season, providing a better picture of changes that happen over longer periods of time. And fast, centralized access means scientists can look at data quickly to get areal-time idea of where and how piping plovers are using their habitats.While iPlover is used by trained field staff, other apps like the U. S. Geological Survey'sweb-based “iCoast—Did the Coast Change?” invite citizen scientists to identify coastal changes by comparingbird's-eye-view photographs taken before and after storms. All the information scientists and citizen scientists alike collect helps federal and state agencies create policyplans for addressing climate change impacts (影响) worldwide.（1）What can we know about the piping plover?A. Its behaviour is changing.B. Its habitat is growing bigger.C. Its living environment is becoming worse.D. Its breeding is limited to the Atlantic Coast.（2）Why did Thieler develop iPlover?A. To study shorelines across America.B. To advance information technology.C. To find out global climate change.D. To monitor changes of piping plover habitats.（3）Which of the following benefits the shorebirds?A. The camping equipment.B. Research on smartphones.C. The changeable coast.D. Progress in technology.（4）What would be the best title of the text?A. Protecting Endangered ShorebirdsB. Rob Thieler, a Creative ScientistC. IPlover, Tool for Training Field StaffD. Differences Between IPlover and ICoast10.阅读理解When someone is happy, can you smell it?You can usually tell when someone is happy based on seeing them smile, hearing them laugh or perhaps from receiving a big hug. But can you also smell their happiness? Surprising new research suggests that happiness does indeed have a scent, and that the experience of happiness can be transmitted through smell, reports .For the study, 12 young men were shown videos meant to bring about a variety of emotions while researchers gathered sweat samples from them. All of the men were healthy and none of them were drug users or smokers, and all were asked to abstain from drinking or eating smelly foods during the study period.Those sweat samples were then given to 36 equally healthy young women to smell, while researchers monitored their reactions. Only women were selected to smell the samples, apparently because previous research has shown that women have a better sense of smell than men and are also more sensitive to emotional signaling—though it's unclear why only men were chosen to produce the scents.Researchers found that the behavior of the women after smelling the scents—particularly their facial expressions—indicated a relationship between the emotional states of the men who produced the sweat and the women who sniffed them.“Human sweat produced when a person is happy brings about a state similar to happiness in somebody who breathes this smell,” said study co-author Gun Semin, a professor at Koc University in Turkey.This is a fascinating finding because it not only means that happiness does have a scent, but that the scent is capable of transmitting the emotion to others. The study also found that other emotions, such as fear, seem to carry a scent too. This ensures previous research suggesting that some negative emotions have a smell, but it is the first time this has proved to be true of positive feelings.Researchers have yet to isolate(分离) exactly what the chemical compound for the happiness smell is, but you might imagine what the potential applications for such a finding could be. Happiness perfumes, for instance, could be invented. Scent therapies（香味疗法）could also be developed to help people through depression or anxiety.Perhaps the most surprising result of the study, however, is our broadened understanding of how emotions get communicated, and also how our own emotions are potentially managed through our social context and the emotional states of those around us.（1）What is the main finding of the new research?A. Pleasant feelings can be smelt out.B. Negative emotions have a smell.C. Men produce more sweats.D. Women have a better sense of smell.（2）The underlined part “abstain from” in Paragraph 3 probably means _________.。
英语科普环保类阅读试题答案及解析
英语科普环保类阅读试题答案及解析1. February 16, 2014（VOA）JAKARTA — The United States and China say they recognize the need for "urgent action" to address the twin challenges of climate change and the air pollution caused by burning fossil fuels. U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry called for greater political will to address a warming planet.China is the leading producer of greenhouse gases and joins the United States as the largest consumers of energy. So U.S. officials say the world's two biggest economies agreeing to limit emissions and promote energy efficiency in buildings and industry "sends a strong message to the world" that this is an issue that needs to be addressed now.Following that agreement with Chinese leaders, Secretary Kerry told an audience in Indonesia that Washington hopes this "unique partnership" with Beijing will help set an example for global leadership and global seriousness on climate change.Kerry Warns About Global Climate Change"Together we account for roughly 40 percent of the world’s emissions. But this is not just about China and the United States," Kerry said. "It is about every country on Earth doing whatever it can to pursue cleaner and healthier energy sources.Kerry said scientific evidence compels the world to act."It is not a lack of ability that is the problem," Kerry said. "It is a lack of political resolve that is standing in our way.The European Union is calling for a 40 percent cut in carbon emissions by 2030. European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso says that target is ambitious and affordable."It shows that we are beyond debate where we either have to be green or a defender of industry," Barroso said. "We believe these two issues are not contradictory, but can perfectly go together if handled smartly.Some European parliamentarians and some environmentalists believe the carbon reduction goals do not do enough to encourage cleaner energy. Jason Anderson heads European climate and energy policy for the World Wildlife Fund."We want to make sure that they do not put the brakes on the energy transition that we are seeing now," Anderson said. "Their ambitions for renewable energy would actually slow down the pace of change, which it is completely senseless as it is one of those areas of the economy that is growing right now.Kerry's climate speech was the first in a series of events meant to focus on cutting carbon emissions before talks in Paris next year on coming up with a successor to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, which was never ratified by the United States. （）419【1】European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso believes that________.A．The European Union accounts for 40 percent of the world’s emissions.B．we either have to be green or a defender of industry.C．we have to be green and a defender of industry if handled smartly.D．the carbon reduction goals do not do enough to encourage cleaner energy.【答案】C【解析】考查细节理解。
河大版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解(科普环保类)(I)卷
河大版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解（科普环保类）（I）卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、阅读理解 (共5题；共52分)1. （10分）阅读理解Art, as we know, is subjective. What one person considers a priceless masterpiece others might see as nothing more than a giant black square. But there's one very specific kind of painting that almost everyone sees the same way-the kind with the" "strange" eyes that seem to follow you around the room. So what causes this optical illusion (视觉错觉) and how do artists achieve this effect?It turns out, for even a moderately skilled artist, this effect isn't a difficult thing to achieve, In fact, the artists need to use a little illusion of depth, making the person depicted on the canvas appears somewhat 3D on a 2D canvas, and to adjust .the gaze (凝视) of the eyes so that they would be looking at someone standing right in front of the picture.So what exactly is going on here in our brains that then makes it seem like the eyes follow you even if you move away from being front and center? As demonstrated by a team of researchers from Ohio State University, as you move to the side, the "near? and "far" points of the 2D image don't really change. These near and far points are defined as visible points that, if the image was 3D, would appear nearest and furthest away from the viewer at a given angle.The idea is simple. No matter what angle you look at a paining from, the painting itself doesn'tchange. You're looking at a flat surface. The key is that the near points and far points of the picture remained the same no matter the angle the picture was viewed from. When observing real surfaces in the natural environment the near and far points vary when we change viewing direction. When we observe a picture on the wall, the visual information that defines near and far points is unaffected by viewing direction. Still, we willingly accept and interpret the thing in the painting as if it were a real object.Thus, because the perspective, shadows, and light on the painting don't change as you move around, if the eyes in the painting would be staring directly at the observer who is standing in front of the painting, it creates something of an optical illusion in your brain so that the eyes will continue to seem to stare at you as you move to the side.In contrast to the eyes following you trick, if the artist tweaks the painting a bit, for example the artist adjusts the gaze of the eyes so that the eyes are looking off somewhere else instead of directly looking at a potential observer, no matter where you stand, the eyes will never seem to be looking at you.The technique first began popularly showing up in art around the 14th century when the artist and architect Fillipo Brunelleshi introduced the art world to the idea of "linear perspective", being painting with the idea of everything in the picture converging (聚集) on a specific point on the horizon, creating the illusion of depth. Linear perspective, combined with skilled use of light and shadow, allows artists to create masterfully realistic paintings, including sometimes of people that stare at you creepily no matter where you stand.（1） What's the writer's purpose of writing Paragraph 1?A . To lead in the question why staring eyes seem to follow us in a painting,B . To make a comparison between a priceless masterpiece and a black square.C . To introduce the topic that the optical illusion can make the painting look real.D . To prove that people can think alike when they admire a certain kind of painting.（2） What can we learn from the passage?A . The visible points of the image won't change in the natural environment.B . The near and far points of a painting are affected by our viewing direction.C . The viewing direction of viewers can make the image in the painting look tealD . The optical illusion in our brain makes us feel the eyes in the painting staring at us.（3） The 3rd paragraph is mainly about __________.A . who took part in the research.B . how long the research lasted.C . what was found in the research,D . how the research was performed.（4） What's the meaning of the underlined word "tweak" in the passage?A . changeB . decorateC . moveD . turn2. （12分）阅读理解Around the world, there are about 7,000 National Parks. Most of them cover huge areas of land where nobody lives. However, the National Parks in England include places where people live and work, as well as wild areas where there are few human activities.The National Parks in England are called "England's Breathing Spaces" because they are places where people can go to be in the open air, away from the dirt and noise of cities. They provide wonderful scenes of mountains, woods, grasslands and wetlands. And there are plenty of activities to do in all of the National Parks in England. Visitors can walk or ride bikes for fun. Many of the parks put on activities for families.Every year there are about 110 million visitors to the parks, bringing many benefits(益处) to the areas. At the same time, it creates problems, too.First, life can be difficult for local people. Car parks and roads are too crowded. Gift shops and cafes take the place of many everyday shops. Even house prices in some areas can become too high. Besides, country roads can be damaged, for too many people walk, cycle or ride horses on them. Roads can be rebuilt, but then they look less natural. Another big problem to the National Parks is litter. In the parks it is a danger to wild animals. Broken glass can also cause fires by focusing the rays of the sun. Such fires in wild places can be out of control._______All National Parks in England are making more rules, which tell people how to take good care of their environment. If these rules are followed, the National Parks will be well kept and continue to give pleasure to many people for a very long time.（1） Visitors to the National Parks in England can _______.A . give food to wild animalsB . drive cars on the grasslandsC . enjoy fresh air and peaceful timeD . have fun farming with local people（2） The third paragraph mainly tells us _______.A . the problems of the National ParksB . the pollution caused by visitorsC . the development of the National ParksD . the benefits brought by visitors（3） Which of the following is the best sentence to fill in the blank inParagraph 4?A . What can people get?B . How can people help?C . What are the National Parks like?D . How are the National Parks set up?（4） The passage is probably taken from the _______ part of a magazine.A . transportB . wildlifeC . historyD . geography3. （10分） (2017八下·句容期中) 阅读下列内容，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
苏教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解(科普环保类)(I)卷
苏教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解（科普环保类）（I）卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、阅读理解 (共5题；共52分)1. （10分）阅读理解Is there intelligent（有智力的） life on other planets? For years, scientists said "no" or "we don't know". But today this is changing. Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are astronomers（天文学家）. They believe intelligent life exists（存在） somewhere in the universe. They also think we will soon contact these beings（人生物）.Why do Shostak and Barnett think intelligent life exists on other planets? The first reason is time. Scientists believe the universe is about 12 billion years old." This is long enough for other planets to have intelligent life," say Shostak and Barnett. The second reason is size-the universe is huge." Tools like the Hubble Telescope（哈勃望远镜） have shown that there are at least 100 billion galaxies," says Shostak. "And our galaxy, the Milky Way, has at least 100 billion stars.Some planets going around these stars might be similar to the Earth."In the past, it was hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe. But now, powerful telescopes（高倍望远镜） allow scientists to discover smaller planets-the size of Mars or the Earth-in other solar systems. These planets might have intelligent life.Have beings from space already visited the Earth?" Probably not," says Shostak. "It's a long way away. However, intelligent beings may contact us in other ways, such as radio signals（信号）. In fact, they may be trying to communicate with us now, but we don't have the right tools to receive their messages. However, this is changing. By 2025, we could make contact with other life forms in our universe and we might help each other."（1） Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are .A . astronomersB . farmersC . singersD . drivers（2） What is the best title for Paragraph 2?A . The Age and Size of the EarthB . Our Galaxy; The Milky WayC . Why Intelligent Life Might ExistD . The Earth: The Only Planet with Intelligent Life（3） Why was it hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe in the past?A . Because there were not any smaller planets.B . Because there were not any powerful telescopes.C . Because the astronomers were not interested in them.D . Because the Milky Way didn't exist at that time.（4） Why haven't beings from space visited us yet according to Shostak?A . Because they're afraid of us.B . Because it's a long way away.C . Because they don't want to see us.D . Because they don't know how to use radio signals.（5） What does the underlined phrase "life forms" in the last paragraph mean?A . Messages.B . Tools.C . Intelligent beings.D . Radio signals.2. （12分）阅读理解There are many wetlands in China and some of them have become the world's important wetlands. The Chinese Yellow Sea Wetlands are among them. They are in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province. They are home to many different kinds of animals. The world's largest Milu Deer Nature Reserve is in them. More than 700 Milu deer live freely there. There are not many red- crowned cranes in the world, but every winter you can see some in the Red-crowned Crane Nature Reserve in the Yellow Sea Wetlands.The temperature in the wetlands is usually neither too high nor too low. There is a lot of rain and sunshine too. They are really good places for wildlife. Offering(提供) food and home to some special kinds of animals is not the only reason why we need to protect wetlands. Wetlands are important because they also prevent flood. But some people want to change the wetlands to make more space for farms and less space for wildlife.Luckily, more and more people are beginning to realize the importance of wetlands and wildlife. Every year, on February 2nd, many activities are held to tell people more about wetlands.（1） The Chinese Yellow Sea Wetlands are in the of China.A . eastB . southC . westD . north（2） Usually the weather in the wetlands is .A . hotB . pleasantC . coldD . dry（3） The World Wetlands Day is on .A . April 22B . June 25C . February 2D . March 22（4） We must protect wetlands because .A . they are home to wildlifeB . they can offer food to animalsC . they can prevent floodD . A, B and C3. （10分）根据短文内容理解选择正确答案。
新人教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解(科普环保类)C卷
新人教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解（科普环保类）C卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、阅读理解 (共5题；共52分)1. （10分）(2019·广州模拟) 阅读理解You know how much your telephone has changed over the past 10 years? Your car will change even more than that in the next 10 years. One of the biggest changes is that cars will drive themselves."We certainly have the technology for it now." says Andrew Poliak of automotive(机动车辆的)technology supplier QNX." We expect self-driving cars to be a mainstream thing between 2020 and 2025."The American company Google has been working on self-driving cars for years. These cars are already on the roads in the United States and are truly self-driving. They have to steering wheels(方向盘）or pedals(踏板). Last week, the police ordered one of Google's cars to stop for driving too slowly on a public road. The car was not breaking any law, so no one was punished.Another American company, Tesla, added an "Autopilot" feature to its cars last month. With the Autopilot turned on, the vehicle drives itself. The car will speed up, slow down, brake and drive by itself. You can take over driving any time by turning the steering wheel or touching a pedal. The car uses sensors to know when driveway changing is safe and whether it should speed up or slow down.Tesla Autopilot is made for cross-country driving. It keeps you in the driveway and helps you avoid hitting other cars. It does not work well on local roads, for it will not stop at a red light or stop sign.Reporter Carolyn Nicander Mohr tried the Autopilot feature of a Tesla earlier this month. She had a hard time trusting the car to do what it should do. She thought about disabling the Autopilot feature many times during her trip. She wanted to take control at every bend in the road and hit the brake when the car in front of her slowed down. Yet the car drove perfectly.Other companies are working on self-driving cars, too. Marcedes-Benz, Audi, BMW. Volvo and Toyota all have plans for such vehicles.（1） What do Andrew Poliak's words probably mean?A . It is too difficult for people to make self-driving cars now.B . Self-driving cars will be first put on the market in 2020.C . There will be more self-driving cars in use in the future.D . Nobody loves to use self-driving cars at the moment.（2） Why did the police stop the Google car?A . It had no driver.B . It went to slowly.C . It broke the traffic rulesD . It had no steering wheel.（3） The underlined word "brake" probably means ______.A . 加油门B . 刹车C . 前进D . 后退（4） According to the text, Tesla Autopilot ________.A . is truly self-drivingB . can sense traffic lightsC . won't work on freewaysD . isn't safe in crowded areas（5） From the passage, we can infer that _______.A . self-driving cars are popular nowadaysB . self-driving could be trusted by anyoneC . a special driveway should be built for self-driving carsD . self-driving cars need improving2. （12分） (2019九下·宿豫期中) 阅读理解Solar storms shake Earth's magnetic field(磁场). They not only influence human technology, but also animals, reported Forbes.Studies show that many animals use changes in Earth's magnetic field to find directions. These changes provide the animals a general compass(指南针) for south and north. Animals can also use them as landmarks.For example, scientists have found special cells in part of a bird's eye nervous system(神经系统). They seem to react to changes in the magnetic field.Some fish species, like the common trout，have cells with magnetic sensors in their nasal cavity(鼻腔). In 1994 "magnetic sense" was also discovered in sea turtles.Some whale species may use magnetic sense to navigate (导航) the oceans. A dysfunction of this sense may explain the still mysterious beachings (动物搁浅). Sometimes several hundred animals, such as whales and dolphins, are driven out of water along beaches. They usually can't breathe under their own weight and die slowly.（1） What do many animals use to find directions?A . Solar storms.B . Magnetic field.C . Changes in magnetic fieldD . General compass（2） Which of the following animals is mentioned in the passage?A . DogB . Trout.C . Wolf.D . Panda.（3） What does the underlined word "dysfunction" in paragraph 5 mean in Chinese?A . 机能正常B . 机能失调C . 机能更新D . 机能优化（4） Why whales and dolphins die after being driven out of water?A . Because they are too heavy.B . Because there is no water.C . Because they have no magnetic senseD . Because they are hungry.3. （10分）阅读短文，回答下列问题。
【英语】英语专题汇编阅读理解(科普环保)(一)及解析
【英语】英语专题汇编阅读理解(科普环保)(一)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A shark moving around the coastline is normally a worrying sight，but this waterborne drone (无人机) threatens floating rubbish instead of people.Developed by Dutch company RanMarine, the WasteShark takes nature as its inspiration withits whale shark-like mouth. Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin operations in Dubai Marina in November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast.According to RanMarine, the WasteShark is available in both autonomous and remote-controlled models. Measuring just over five feet by three-and-a-half feet (1.5 meters by 1.1 meter), it can carry up to 352 pounds of rubbish (159.6 kg) and has an operational battery life of16 hours.By 2016 there were approximately 150 million tons of plastic in the world's oceans. One paper from December 2014 estimated that over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plastic pollutionwas afloat."WasteShark also has the abilities to gather air and water quality data, remove chemicals out of the water such as oil, and heavy metals, and scan the seabed to read its depth and outlines," said Oliver Cunningham, one of the co-founders of RanMarine. "Fitted with a collision-avoidance system, the drone uses laser imaging detection and ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or back up if the object approaches.""Our drones are designed to move through a water system, whether it's around the perimeter(周边) or through the city itself. The drones are that last line of defense between the city and the open ocean," added Cunningham. "WasteSharks are operating in Dubai, South Africa and the Netherlands and cost $ 17, 000 for the remote-controlled model and just under $ 23, 000 for the autonomous model."Dubai-based operator Ecocoast has two WasteShark drones. Co-founder Dana Liparts says they will clean waterfronts for clients including hotels and environmental authorities and that Ecocoast' intention is to have the collected rubbish recycled or upcycled. However, Liparts argues that cleaning waterways doesn't have a one-size-fits-all solution and requires a combination ofnew technology, preventative measures and changing people's attitudes towards littering.（1）What do we know about the WasteShark?A. It can frighten sharks away.B. It is an ocean explorer.C. It is a rubbish collector.D. It can catch fish instead of people.（2）What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?A. The causes of ocean pollution.B. The dangers of using plastics.C. The severity of ocean garbage pollution.D. The importance of ocean protection.（3）What will the WasteShark do with an approaching object?A. Avoid crashing into it.B. Break it into pieces.C. Swallow it.D. Fly over it.（4）Which of the following ideas does Liparts agree with?A. The WasteShark should be used more widely.B. More measures should be taken to make water clean.C. The production cost of WasteSharks should be reduced.D. People should take a positive attitude to new technology.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一种水上无人机可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。
(英语)英语阅读理解(科普环保)专项习题及答案解析
（英语）英语阅读理解(科普环保)专项习题及答案解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Supercomputers which can analyse blood samples and predict which patients are likely to become seriously ill could save tens of thousands of lives a year, it was revealed last night, according to The Daily Express.The artificial intelligence (AI) system, developed at University College London and set to be piloted in NHS hospitals later this year, will screen "at risk" patients so doctors can take early action to prevent death or serious illness. Prof Young, a consultant surgeon at Southend University Hospital, said: "I am so excited about this form of technology." Instead of people getting sick or dying because they are not picked up in time, this will allow us to step in earlier which will save lives and an enormous amount of money. "I think the potential of AI in healthcare like this is as big as the Industrial Revolution was—and signals a completely new example in the way we manage healthcare."The technology is the brainchild of Dr Vishal Nangalia, a consultant at the Royal Free Hospital in London. He used AI to analyse a billion stored blood samples from 20 different UK hospital trusts dating back up to 12 years. Computers assess blood test results by picking up subtle changes in red and white blood cells, suggesting a patient is going downhill.He found the technique forecast outcomes of patients with kidney problems with up to 95 per cent accuracy. Traditional methods highlighting serious patient concerns picked up as few as 16 percent of patients who went on to die. "This gives us the opportunity not only to save lives but to prevent serious illness, making the health service not only safer but more efficient." Prof Young said, "Instead of waiting for people to get worse, we will be able to treat them earlier."（1）What does the underlined phrase "screen" in Paragraph2 mean?A. comfortB. treatC. spotD. nurse（2）How do supercomputers help save lives?A. By storing blood samples.B. By analyzing patients' cases.C. By observing changes in blood cells.D. By assisting doctors with their operations.（3）Why did Professor Young mention the Industrial Revolution?A. To show the influence of AI.B. To stress the importance of health care.C. To introduce the topic of supercomputers.D. To present the achievement he has accomplished.（4）What do we know about the new technology?A. It helps patients recover earlier.B. It has helped save thousands of lives.C. It will promote the health service greatly.D. It is intended for patients with kidney diseases.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍超级计算机能够分析血样并预测哪些病人可能会患上重病，每年可以挽救数万人的生命。
(英语) 英语阅读理解(科普环保)专题练习(及答案)及解析
（英语）英语阅读理解(科普环保)专题练习(及答案)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The clock always seems to be ticking rather too fast in the doctor's office and the queue of patients outside the door seems to be pressing rather too hard. Some say it's high time for the model of short, sharp one-to-one appointments to give way to shared medical appointments (SMAs共享医疗预约).SMAs are doctor-patient visits in which a group of patients receive patient education and counseling (咨询), physical examination and medical support in a group setting. Typically SMAs are designed to have one or more doctors attend to a group of patients who share a common illness or medical condition. In contrast to one-to-one visits, SMAS provide a longer appointment time-frame as well as the opportunity for patients to have improved access to their physicians and meanwhile pick up additional information and support from peers.However, doctors who have pioneered the shared appointment approach report that there are significant challenges involved. Dr. Sumego, director of shared medical appointments, Cleveland Clinic, identifies culture change as the most significant challenge. Physicians and nurses are trained in a model of personal service and privacy; the SMA approach is a fundamental challenge to those fixed ideas. They need shared goals and a way of testing the innovation against agreed standards. Dr. Sumego says, "The physicians may be worried about the possible chaos and efficiencies that are marketed. They also have to make the patients understand what their appointment is, and what the expectation is.""So, if an organization was looking to start shared medical appointments, I would advise them to start the buy-in from a few champion physicians, develop the work-flow and develop some experience. Provide some support behind what that best practice should look like. Create some standards so that, as the concept spreads, you can employ that experience to start the next shared medical appointments and the next."（1）What is the purpose of the SMA approach?A. To improve medical service.B. To promote doctors' reputation.C. To conduct medical research.D. To meet patients' expectation.（2）According to Dr. Sumego, what prevents the SMA approach from being widely adopted?A. Personal service.B. Fixed ideas.C. Lack of equipment.D. Shared goals.（3）What can the underlined "buy-in" in Paragraph 4 be replaced by?A. practiceB. organizationC. purchaseD. support（4）What can be learned about the SMA approach in the last paragraph?A. It is currently being questioned.B. It is impractical in some areas.C. It will enjoy wide popularity soon.D. It should be carried out step by step.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了SMAs (共享医疗预约) 模式，以及这种模式面临的挑战。
新人教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解(科普环保类)A卷
新人教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解（科普环保类）A卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、阅读理解 (共5题；共52分)1. （10分）(2019·泉州模拟) 阅读理解We usually think that plants always stay quiet and never speak. Grass doesn't cry when you cut it; flowers don't shout when they're picked. But this view of the world couldn't be more wrong. Plants talk to each other all the time. Their language is one of chemicals.Over the years, scientists have found that different types of plants, from trees to tomatoes, send compounds(复合物)into the air to help neighboring plants. But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still a mystery.Scientists from Kyoto University in Japan looked at tomato plants that had been bitten by insects. To start out, they grew plants in two plastic bags connected by a tube(管子). One plant had been bitten by insects. The other was not bitten.They found that when insects bite plant leaves, the plants don't sit quietly. They send a chemical called "hexvic" into the air. Humans can't notice it, but these chemicals carry a smell that neighboring plants can notice. This way, neighboring plants realize the danger and begin to give off more "hexvic" to protect themselves.The same scientists continued their research by placing insects on the plants that had not been bitten. The plants were able to kill nearly 50 percent of the invaders, much more than their neighbor.It was surprising that the plants that had not been bitten didn't send the chemical until the received a warning message from their infested(受侵的)neighbor, the scientists said. These findings could be used to help farmers with the control of the insects which do harm to their plants.（1） When bitten by insects, the tomato plant __________ .A . stayed quiet without doing anythingB . died immediately after thatC . sent out a chemical to warn othersD . wouldn't be hurt again by the same insects（2） What does the underlined word "invaders" in Paragraph 5 refer to?A . ScientistsB . Insects.C . Compounds.D . Farmers.（3） What can we learn from the research?A . Tomato plants are easily bitten by insects.B . The smell of hexvic is a kind of warning message.C . Hexvic can help plants kill all the insects near them.D . Plants won't give off chemicals until they are hurt.（4） Which of the following is True according to the passage?A . Plants don't communicate with each other.B . Scientists did the research with two plants bitten by insects.C . The findings of the research help farmers to protect their plants.D . Communication among plants is no longer a mystery.（5） What's the best title of the passage?A . Growing TomatoesB . Talking PlantsC . Harmful ChemicalsD . Scientific Researches2. （12分）阅读理解Last year, a special kind of glove came out. It was invented to help blind people to learn Braille, which is a special system for the blind to read by touching. Shaking motors (震动马达) are put on each finger of the glove. They can make different sounds to tell a user which letter he is touching. Recently, two British college students have invented another special glove for the blind. It can make the user feel small and quick movements. An ultrasonic sensor (超声波传感器) with a battery is put on the back of the glove. When the user wearing the glove is close to an object(物体), ultrasonic waves (超声波) from the glove are sent out (发出). As soon as they hit the object in front, the waves will return to the glove. Then the waves cause the glove to shake. And the ultrasonic sensor makes different kinds of sounds. The sounds make the user know how far he is from the object.In the college invention competition, the two students got first prize and won 1,540 pounds. One of the designers said, "Now the ultrasonic sensor on the glove is quite large. We're going to use the money to develop a smaller and lighter ultrasonic sensor."（1） The underlined word "Braille" in the passage means " " in Chinese.A . 盲文B . 口语C . 手语（2） The glove with an ultrasonic sensor .A . can make only one kind of soundB . can make the user feel small and quick movementsC . was designed by two American college students（3） Picture shows how the glove with an ultrasonic sensor works according to the passage.A .B .C .（4） Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A . The sounds from the ultrasonic sensor make the user know what the object is.B . The two college students wanted to use 15,400 pounds to develop the glove.C . The glove with shaking motors was invented for blind people.（5） What is the best title for this passage?A . The Way to Make GlovesB . Two Kinds of Special GlovesC . An Ultrasonic Sensor and Shaking Motors3. （10分） (2018八下·海淀期末) 阅读理解Rik-rrork. That's the sound made by frogs singing at night. You might have thought the noises were just the musical sounds of ure. You probably didn't realize that you were listening to frogs' communicating with one another. These familiar sounds are not random(随意的) but are actually meaningful to frogs.Being Heard but Not SeenFrogs are good at being heard but not seen. These animals have several characters that protect them n predators (捕食者 ). One is their size. Most frogs are small, which helps them hide easily. Many frogs have coloring that allows them to hide in their environment, making it difficult for predators to find them. In addition, most frogs are active at night. So it is difficult for most animals to see them in the dark.Small but LoudFrogs call to tell other frogs where they are. Their voices can be very loud. But when frogs feel the footsteps of a larger animal, they become silent.Many of the world's frogs live in rain forests, where there are many different animals calling to their own species (物种 ) in their own ways. Frogs need to call loudly enough to be heard through the noise in order to find other frogs.Singing with PurposePeter Narins is a scientist who studies how frogs call to one another. He has learned that frogs use their calls to help them tell friend from enemy. They sing the same notes at the same volume (音量 ) each time they call. In addition, Narins has found that frogs of the same species always sing the same patterns (模式 ). These patterns are like a code that is different from other animals' calls and difficult for others to copy. Narins also observed that timing plays a role in frog calls. Many frogs call only at a certain time of night.More Work to DoScientists want to better understand the purpose of frog calls. Studies continue to explore the details of frogs' unique communication. Being heard but not seen is one way frogs stay safe. The idea that they have found a way to survive in a dangerous world is simply amazing.（1） Frogs are good at being heard but not seen because .A . they can not jump highB . they can hide easilyC . they are not active enoughD . they have bright colors（2） Frogs need to call loudly to .A . drive away other speciesB . tell friend from enemy quicklyC . be heard by other frogsD . feel the footsteps of a larger animal（3） What can we learn from the passage?A . Frogs always sing the same notes at different volumes.B . Frogs stay safe in a dangerous world only by their calls.C . Some frogs call accidentally at different times of night.D . Some details of frogs' communication still leave unknown.（4） Which is probably the best title of the passage?A . Frog SongsB . Life of FrogsC . Frog SecretsD . World of Frogs4. （10分）(2017·深圳模拟) 阅读下列短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
【英语】阅读理解(科普环保)练习题含答案
【英语】阅读理解(科普环保)练习题含答案一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space.This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forestsin these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken inby the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling.This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat.Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming. Ozone (臭氧) levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on far-off sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling."We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere." Scientists tracked the change in amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicated, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth.（1）According to the new findings, taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may ________.A. result in a warming climateB. cause the forest fires to occur more frequentlyC. lead to a longer fire seasonD. protect the forests and the environment there（2）The following are all the immediate effects after a forest fire EXCEPT ________.A. large amounts of greenhouse gases enter the atmosphereB. the levels of ozone which is a type of oxygen increaseC. snow on the ground mirrors more sunlight back into spaceD. ashes from the fire fall on the ice surface and take in more radiation from the sun（3）Earlier studies about northern forest fires ________.A. analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climateB. indicate that forest fires will pollute the atmosphereC. suggest that people should take measures to protect the environmentD. suggest that the fires will speed up climate warming（4）The underlined phrase "soak up" in the last paragraph most probably means ________.A. releasedB. absorbedC. createdD. distributed（5）From the passage we can draw a conclusion that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia may ________.A. warm the climate as the supposition goesB. allow more snow to reflect more sunlight into space and thus cool the climateC. destroy large areas of forests and pollute the far-off sea iceD. help to gain more energy rather than release more energy【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）B（5）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了阿拉斯加、加拿大和西伯利亚的森林大火使气候变暖，科学家们已经发现，在燃烧的树木允许更多的雪将更多的阳光反射到太空的地区可能会发生冷却。
浙教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解(科普环保类)(I)卷
浙教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解（科普环保类）（I）卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、阅读理解 (共5题；共52分)1. （10分）(2019·吉林模拟) 根据短文内容，判断正（T）误（F）。
Audio digital books(有声图书) are becoming more and more popular these days. One of the reasons for this is that audio digital books can be "read" in many places comfortably.The first favorite place of many people is in bed, before going to sleep. Many people like to just lie in bed in the dark before they fall asleep at night. This would be the perfect time to listen to an audio digital book. If you read a usual book, the lights have to be turned on and you have to turn the pages with your hand. An audio book can just be listened to while a person stays comfortably in bed.The next favorite place to listen to audio digital books would be in the kitchen. For some people, kitchen chores are boring. Audio digital books provide good entertainment, and people don't need to turn pages.An audio digital book is a favorite while a person is gardening. It can help take a person's mind off the job at hand. It can be fun and exciting to do gardening with the help of the book.An audio digital book is a favorite while a person is exercising. It allows the mind to be free while the legs, body and arms are kept busy. This would be a great place to listen to these books.（1） Audio digital books can be "read" in many places comfortably so they are popular with people these years.（2） Both audio digital books and usual books can be listened to and you don't have to turn pages with your hand and turn on the lights.（3） People will feel bored if they do chores in the kitchen with audio digital books.（4） Audio digital books are suitable for either gardeners or sportsmen to "read" while they are working.（5） The passage is mainly about the advantages of audio digital books.2. （12分）(2019·河北模拟) 阅读理解Have you ever imagined going to other countries without your paper Passport? That will soon come true. And your paper passport will become history. You may use their new kind of passport It's reported that Australia will be the first country to use the cloud passport. With the cloud passport, you don't have to take a paper passport with you all the time. The cloud passport will have your name, photos and other information. And if you go to other countries, you can just check the information on the computer.When you take a paper passport with you, you might lose it. But with the cloud passport, you don't have to worry about that.Do you think the cloud passport is a great idea? Perhaps you will have it in the future, too.（1） You may use a new kind of passport called " " passport in the future.A . cloudB . paperC . historyD . photo（2） It is reported that will be the first country to use the new kind of passport.A . ChinaB . AustraliaC . AmericaD . England（3） If you have the cloud passport , ?A . you can take it with you easilyB . you needn't worry about losing itC . you can go to Australia freelyD . you needn't go to other countries3. （10分）根据短文理解，选择正确答案。
2020中考英语·阅读理解专项训练1(附答案)
2020中考英语冲刺·阅读理解专题训练1ASore necks are very common these days. How to avoid a sore neck？Here are the things you should know。
●Take precautions (预防措施）after an unusual activity. Many people report having a pain in their necks after doing something that they don't often do，such as a new exercise or packing and moving。
If you know you’ve done something that puts you a risk, massage(按摩）your neck , do it with different exercises and take a warm bath before bed。
●Make sure your workstation is correct。
If you work long hours at a desk you may want to make sure that your work environment is set up to be the most relaxing。
Make sure that your body is being treated right.Keep your feet on the floor。
This will often depend on how high your chair is，so adjust(调整）it in time to achieve good results.●Change your posture often。
冀教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解(科普环保类)(I)卷
冀教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解（科普环保类）（I）卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、阅读理解 (共5题；共52分)1. （10分）阅读下面短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
In the universe, as we all know, there is the Sun, the Moon, the Earth and a good many stars. Through our geography lessons, we know the Earth goes around the Sun, and the Moon goes around the Earth. We have day and night because the Earth keeps turning all the time. When our part of the Earth turns to the Sun, it is day. When our part of the Earth turns away from the Sun, it is night.Just because the Moon is closer to the Earth than the Sun, it looks much bigger than the Sun. Big things will look smaller when they are further, and small things also look bigger when they are nearer.The Sun is big enough to give out very strong light. The Moon can't give out any light at all, but it looks quite bright, too. Why? In fact, the light from the Moon comes from the Sun. The Moon looks much bigger and brighter than the stars. But actually the stars are much bigger and brighter than the Moon. They look smaller than the Moon also because they are farther away from the Earth.There are many other planets in the universe. But of all the planets, only on the Earth there are living things and people can only live on the Earth, too. But at 9: 00 a. m. on October 15th, 2003, Chinese pilot Yang Liwei was sent up to space. He stayed there for over 21 hours. It was the first time for Chinese to get into space.（1） We find the Sun is ________ than the Moon because it is ________ to /from us.A . bigger; fartherB . smaller; closerC . bigger; closerD . smaller; farther（2） When our part of the Earth turns away from the Sun, the other part of the Earth is ________.A . nightB . dayC . eveningD . Sunday（3） People and living things can live on the ________.A . EarthB . MarsC . MoonD . Sun（4） When did the pilot from our country return to the Earth?A . On November 15th, 2002 .B . On October 16th, 2003 .C . On May 15th, 2004 .D . On October 15th, 2003 .（5） Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A . The Moon goes around the Earth and it can't give out any light at all.B . The Moon goes around the Sun and its light is from the Sun.C . The Earth moves around the Moon and people can live only or the Earth.D . Of all the planets, only the Earth moves around the Sun.2. （12分）阅读理解The largest animal ever to live on Earth is the blue whale. It weighs about 80 tons--more than 24 big elephants. It is more than 30 metres long. A new baby whale weighs as much as a big elephant.Cats won't die if they fall off very high places because they can turn themselves up the right way so as to keep their bodies safe. One cat fell off 32 floors onto the street, but it was just hurt a little.A bear can run as fast as a horse.A new-born panda is smaller than a mouse and weighs about 100 grams.Elephants are the most careful animals in their love. A male elephant may show his lady love for up to three years until the female elephant takes his love. They often show their love by touching each other's body.Usually, wolves do not hurt people. For years a Canadian newspaper says that they would give anyone a lot of money if he or she could show that a wolf could hurt a person. But nobody could do that. Wolves do not usually go together though they may do this in winter and they only hurt people at an unusual time.（1） How much does a new-born blue whale weigh?A . About 10 tons.B . As much as a baby elephant.C . About 80 tons.D . About 3 tons.（2） A bear can run people think it can.A . faster thanB . more slowly thanC . as fast asD . as slowly as（3） A male elephant won't stop following a female elephant to until the female elephant takes his love.A . fight with the baby elephantB . ask the lady elephant to help himC . show his love for a long timeD . find food together with her（4） A wolf won't hurt people except .A . in winterB . at an unusual timeC . in groupsD . that it is happy3. （10分）阅读理解You probably know a typhoon is a large and powerful storm that can cause a lot of rain and wind. Everyone pays attention to typhoons because they can be dangerous. Some typhoons come and go and really don't cause much more trouble than a bad thunderstorm. Others may damage homes and cause some floods that go away on their own.Typhoons are always a concern, especially for people who live near the coast. When a typhoon is on the way, weather forecasters can say which areas will be affected. Maybe you've heard people call a typhoon a "natural disaster", but what does that mean? A natural disaster is something that happens in nature and causes big problems, like a typhoon, a tornado(龙卷), an earthquake, or a tsunami. But wherever you live, it's important to remember that there are lots of people looking out for you. In a bad storm or other crisis, this would include not only mums and dads, but also police officers, firefighters, doctors, nurses, and other people who are trained to handle emergencies.（1） A typhoon is a large and powerful .A . rainB . windC . thunderstormD . storm（2） Why does everyone pay attention to typhoons?A . Because they may cause much more trouble.B . Because they may damage homes.C . Because they can be dangerous.D . Because they may cause some floods.（3） What can we know about a typhoon according to the passage?A . People can stop a typhoon from happening.B . It's harmless.C . It's a "natural disaster".D . It's safe.（4） Why is it important to remember that there are lots of people looking out for you?A . Because people love us though nature is sometimes cruel.B . Because weather or nature always causes big problems.C . Because police officers, firefighters, doctors and nurses are brave.D . Because some people are trained to handle emergencies.4. （10分）(2016·杭州) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。
中考阅读理解之科普环保类专训含答案
阅读理解之科普环保类专训(一)Do you still get free plastic bags from the supermarkets? Things have changed.China has banned（禁止）free plastic bags at shops and supermarkets，and people have to pay for using plastic bags. The rule started on June 1,2008. It came because our country tried to make litter less. Making super-thin（超薄）plastic bags has also been banned.The Chinese once used about 3,000,000,000 plastic shopping bags a day，and they have caused pollution of the environment. The bags have become a main cause of plastic pollution because they are easy to break and people throw them away here and there. So the Chinese people are encouraged to bring their own bags for shopping.What kind of shopping bag is the best to bring? Some students in Chongqing have a good idea. They make their own shopping bags. They use old clothes to make cloth bags（布袋），and send them to their parents as presents. They also ask their parents and friends to use cloth bags instead of plastic ones. They think it is their duty（责任）to prot ect the environment.1. People in China have to_______ now.A. collect plastic bags in the streetB. use free plastic bags at shops and supermarketsC. pay for using plastic bags at shops and supermarkets2. China made this rule because plastic bags were bad for the_______.A. environmentB. supermarketsC. shops3. The Chinese people are encouraged to bring _______for shopping.A. their own bagsB. super-thin plastic bagsC. free plastic bags4. Some students in Chongqing _______.A. ask their parents to make cloth bagsB. make cloth bags themselvesC. buy cloth bags for their parents5.What’s the main idea of this article (文章)?A. The bags have become a main cause of plastic pollution.B. Some students in Chongqing begin to make their own shopping bags.C. To protect the environment, free plastic bags have been banned in China.(二)Beijing is facing severe (严重的) traffic problems."Roads are wider now, but traffic jams (堵塞) often happen every day." Yuan, a Beijing taxi drivers said.Beijing government is trying to do something to make traffic jams less. Before 2007,there were a few subway lines in Beijing. There was only line 1, line 2, line 13 andBatong Line. But now there is line 5, line 10, line 4, the airport fast -track and theOlympic branch line. And there will be 13 subway lines under construction in Beijing atthe same time at the end of this year.The opening of the new subway line is convenient to tourists. Before, arriving inBeijing, many visitors would usually take a taxi to interesting places of Beijing. Today, as soon as people get off the plane, they can take the Airport Express Line, going to different interesting places through the subway lines. The government also strives to open a new line each year from now until 2015. The subway of Beijing reached 300 kilometers in 2010 and it will reach 561 kilometers in 2015.Miss Xiao, who lives in South Water Bridge and works at Hepingli, said that traveling by her car still took her at least one hour from home to work because of traffic jams. Now, because of the railway line 5, Miss Xiao can arrive at her office in less than haft an hour.1.What are the traffic problems in Beijing now?A. Drivers drive too fast.B. Roads are not wide enough.C. Traffic jams often happen.D. Traffic lights are always broken.2.What does the underlined phrase "under construction" mean in Chinese?A. 在学习B. 在建造中C. 在应用中D. 在控制中3.Why is the opening of the new subway line convenient to tourists?A. Because the new subway line is very interesting.B. Because the new subway line's ticket is very cheap.C. Because people in Beijing can cost less money than that before.D. Because visitors can take the subway to many different interesting places.4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Visitors like to take a taxi in Beijing better.B. The subway of Beijing will reach 300 kilometers in 2015.C. There will be 15 subway lines in Beijing at the end of the year.D. It takes Miss Xiao less time to get to her workplace by railway line 5.5.What is the main idea of the passage?A. People in Beijing invented high-speed trains.B. Railway lines in Beijing only covers some areas.C. Beijing welcomes visitors from different places.D. Beijing government has done something to make traffic jams less.(三)How green are you? Do you know how to be green?We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste every day and it does harm to our environment. Though we are young, we can still do something to help. In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the environment. Here are some ideas for you.ReduceReduce means “use less”. Don’t waste things. This saves money and reduces pollution and waste going into the environment. Before we buy something new, think whether it is really necessary—or maybe the old one will be just as good! When we do buy things, choose local products if possible, and try not to buy too many things from abroad.ReuseReuse means “use again”. Use things for as long as possible. When we buy things, make sure that they last a long time. We should look after them so that they will last, and we should repair them if we can instead of throwing them away and buying new ones. Don’t use a paper cup of a paper bag. It’s better to use a china cup and a lunch box because you can use them again.RecycleRecycle means “change things into something else”. Though it takes energy to change something into something else, it’s better than throwing things away or burning them. Find out what can be recycled in your neighborhood and take part in recycling programs. We should also buy products made from recycled materials, such as recycled paper, to help save trees.So please remember these three words: reduce, reuse and recycle.1. What is the passage about?A. How to produce things.B. How to burn things.C. How to help others.D. How to be green.2. Which of the following is right?A. Don’t waste things.B. Always throw away old things.C. Always buy new things.D. Buy too many things from abroad.3. Why is it better to use a china cup and a lunch box?A. You can burn them.B. You can use them again.C. You can throw them away.D. You can change them into something else.4. To protect the environment, we should remember these three words: _______.A. waste, reuse and recycleB. repair, burn and recycleC. reduce, reuse and recycleD. reduce, waste and recycle.5. The passage may come from ______.A. a menuB. a dictionaryC. a storybookD. a magazine(四)Scientists have helped people understand the dangers facing the earth. As people live on the earth, we should be fully ready to deal with the dangers. If we do not pay more attention to the problems caused by air pollution, our earth may nolonger be a healthy place for plants, animals, and people to live.Cleaning up the air is a job that all countries must work on. The problems caused by air pollution can be solved, but a lot of work needs to be done. Governments around the world are beginning to work together to lower the levels of dangerous gases in the atmosphere(大气层). If this can be done well, the ozone layer(臭氧层) can rebuild itself, global warming can be controlled, and acid rain can be reduced.In 1967, the government of the United States passed the Clean Air Act. More parts were added to the act in 1970, 1977 and 1990. As a result of these laws, cars now must reduce the amounts of harmful gases. Power factories must use "clean coal" methods to reduce acid-rain gases they produce.In 1970, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was set up. The EPA's job is to make sure that the environmental laws are being followed and to find out new dangers and offer solutions. The first Earth Day was also celebrated in 1970.While it is very important to address with air on a global scale, each person can also do something to protect the Earth. Here are some things you can do every day:1) Turn down the heat and air conditioning.2) Use the dishwasher only when they are full of dishes.3) Practice the 3 Rs: recycle, reuse, and reduce.4) Plant a tree.5) Walk or ride your bike.1. If we don't care about _____ problems, our earth may no longer be a healthy place.A. Air pollutionB. Water pollutionC. Noise pollution2. Every country should _____ to solve the problems caused by air pollution.A. rebuild the ozone layerB. clean up the airC. produce harmful gases3. All the things the EPA can do is to _______A.make more lawsB. find out new dangersC. protect the environment4. The Clean Air Act was passed ________ by the American government.A. In 1967B. In 1970C. In 19775. In our daily life, we can do something to protect the earth by _______.A. using more carsB. riding the bikesC. cutting down trees(五)The search for life outside the Earth may have moved to a new and exciting level. A team of astronomers ( 天文学家) said they have found a new planet that has many important parts similar to those of the Earth.The planet, which travels around a red dwarf star( 红矮星) called Gliese 581, has the right size and temperature. Most importantly, the planet lies in the suitable living area of the star, which makes the planet not too hot or too cold.Scientists say the new world, Gliese 581C is five times larger than the Earth. It may have water since it is in the right place for the red dwarf to survive in space.Swiss scientist Michel Mayor said it is an important step on the way to find possible life in the space and there are still lots of questions.For more than ten years, astronomers and scientists have been keeping their eyes on the space in search for another Earth, another world that can support life or already has it.According to records, the first discovery of extra solar(太阳系) planet going around a normal star was made in 1995. Since then, the number of newly discovered worlds has increased to about 200. But they are just dead with lifeless bodies.The Gliese 581C came into our eyes and mankind has reason to celebrate. After all, we may have living neighbours. The discovery doesn't promise much, but it offers hope that there could be other people or living things out there.1. The new planet has made_________.A. the search for life outside the Earth new and excitingB. many important parts of the Earth new and similarC. a red dwarf star not too hot or not too coldD. the astronomers believe everything2. The new planet goes around_________.A. the EarthB. the SunC. the red dwarf starD. the Moon3. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. A new planet for people to live in has been found.B. The red dwarf star is five times larger than the Earth.C. Scientists have a lot of questions about the new planet.D. Scientists have proved there is some water in the new planet.4. Why do astronomers and scientists keep their eyes on the space?A. They hate the life on the Earth.B. They want to support more life.C. They want to search for another world.D. There are some people and living things there.5. What would the scientists most like to tell us in the passage?A. Astronomers first discovered the extra solar planet in 1995.B. Mankind wants to celebrate the discovery of the new planet.C. The number of newly discovered worlds is about 200.D. Mankind may have living neighbours in space.(六)Snake dishes have become popular in recent years. Snake meat is often seen in restaurants. It seems that eating snake is now in fashion, and if you haven’t eaten snake yet, you’re considered “out of date”.But I wonder whether all of the trends（趋势）are worth following.Some people may defend（辩解）themselves by saying that eating snake is good for their health. But these people don’t find out that mice and worms are often in snakes’ bodies, therefore, there are many parasites（寄生虫）found inside snakes. They may be bad for our health.Apart from this, we’re sorry to see that more snakes are being killed by a butcher’s knife.According to the English newspaper, “Shanghai Star, about 1000 tons of snake are eaten every year in China. In Shenzhen of Guangdong Province, sometimes as many as 10 tons of snake are served on dinner tables in a single day.If we still turn a blind eye to this, a vicious circle（恶性循环）will be created:if more snakes are eaten by people, the number of snakes will drop, but the number of mice will increase, which will result in a decrease of crop output.This will make more people hungry. Who wants to see such a tragedy happen?Therefore, let's not to eat snake any more. To protect the snake is to protect ourselves.1.The writer thinks .A.eating snake meat is good for our healthB.eating snake meat isn't bad for our healthC.eating snake meat is expensiveD.eating snake meat may do harm to our health2.“Out of date”meansA.流行B.赶时髦C.迟到D.不合时宜3.In Shenzhen ,as many as 10 tons of snake______.A.are often eaten in a dayB.are eaten in a day sometimesC.are usually eaten in a single dayD.are never eaten in a single day4.Nearly______tons of snake are served on dinner tables in a year in China.A.10B.3650C.1000D.1005.Why does the writer say that to protect snakes is to protect ourselves? Because______.A.snake meat is good for our healthB.snake skin can be used to make many beautiful shoes,bags and clothesC.eating snake is now in fashionD.a drop in the number of snakes will result in a decrease of crop output(七)Smog(雾霾) is a big problem in many Chinese cities. But it seems that besides wearing a mask, few of us know what has caused the smog and what to do to beat it. Chai Jing, a former news hostess with China Central Television, discussed the questions in her documentary Under the Dome.The 103 - minute film was published on major Chinese video - sharing websites on Feb 28. In the film, Chai visits polluted places and talks to officials and scientists. She comes to the conclusion that burning too much coal and oil are the main causes of PM2.5 and smog.To make things worse, according to Chai, the coal and oil we are burning is of poor quality and don't meet the standards for environmental protection. Therefore they have produced more harmful gas to pollute the air.To solve the problem, Chai suggests that we should clean our coal and oil or replace them with cleaner energy such as natural gas. In her film, Chai also pointed out that ordinary people can do something to help control smog too. For example, we live a greener life by using more public traffic. Or if we see things that could harm the environment, we can try to stop it. In one scene from the fihn, Chai sees a dirt mound in a building site exposed in the air, and asks the person in charge to cover it. When she sees a restaurant cooking without any suitable filter facilities, she calls the hotline 12369. The restaurant installed the filter a week later.Chen Jining, the new minister of environmental protection, praised Chai. "This film encourages ordinary people to care about the environment. This is what we need in the future. "1.What do most of people do to deal with the smog?A. Wear a mask.B. Think of ways to beat it.C. Find out what has caused it.D. Take a documentary.2.What is the main cause of smog according to Chai?A. Setting off too many fireworks.B. Burning too much coal and oil.C. Too many cars in big cities.D. Too many factories and companies.3.Which of the following is NOT Chai's suggestions towards reducing smog?A. Using cleaner energy.B. Cleaning coal and oil.C. Using natural gas.D. Replacing coal with wind energy.4.What can we tell from the story?A. Only factories produce heavy smogB. He thought highly of itC. He disagreed with itD. He complained about it5.What's Chen Jining's attitude towards Chai's film?A. He showed no interested in it.B. He thought highly of it.C. He didn't agree with it.D. He complained about it.(八)The world develops more and more quickly, while it is also polluted more and more seriously. Luckily, there are many ways to deal with the negative effects on the environment. One of these is driving an electric car. Electric cars produce about 80 percent less pollution than gas-powered cars.Besides, electric cars have more benefits than gas-powered cars for several reasons. First, the energy of electric cars is regenerative , which means that when you brake（刹车）in an electric car, you can charge（充电）the battery again. However, when you br ake in a gas-powered car, you actually use energy. Also, during producing electric cars, engineers spend more time and energy making electric cars lighter so that there will be less drag(阻力) from the wind. This allows an electric car to travel farther using less energy than a gas-powered car.Driving an electric car can not only save energy, but also save more money and time. For example, it costs less to repair (维修)such a car. The cost of charging an electric car is about 20 percent of the cost of gas, and electric cars require less repair than gas-powered cars. This is because electric cars have no cooling systems and the other moving parts. There are fewer possible problems without the moving parts. Electric cars can als o save people’s time. Gas-powered cars need to be checked in a few months, while all that you need to do is only replacing the battery every four years for an electric car. Now some people have begun to drive electric cars in several big cities of China. Though it may take a little time to get used to it, due to the great advantages, more and more people will use electric cars in the future.1.What does the underlined word “regenerative” mean in Chinese?A.浪费的B.再生的C.清洁的2.During producing electric cars, what is NOT mentioned?A. Making electric cars lighter.B. Reducing drag from the wind.C. Using a new kind of brake.3.According to the passage, repairing an electric car is cheaper than repairing a gas-powered car, this is because_____.A. electric cars have fewer possible problems without moving partsB. people need little time to get used to electric carsC. electric cars need checking in a few months4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Electric cars produce about 20 percent less pollution than gas-powered cars.B. Pollution is more and more serious, people can not do anything about it.C. The drivers need to replace the battery every four years for an electric car.5. What is the main idea of this passage?A. To compare two kinds of cars and tell us which kind of car is cheaper.B. To introduce a useful invention that people haven’t tried.C. To suggest driving electric cars because of the advantages.(九)Why is clean water so important to developing countries? A recent reportshows that about 80 percent of diseases in developing countries are caused by poorwater and low sanitation（卫生）conditions. In those countries, women and girls spendseveral hours collecting water, but often polluted, far away from their fa milies. Thepolluted water more or less influences their health. In this case, there is an urgent（迫切的）need for people in developing countries to have access to（有机会或权利使用）clean water to improve their health.Here is a short story about Hadjara Zakari, a 12-year-old girl in Niger. Having access to clean water changed her life. She learned about the importance of hand-washing when the school first received clean water three years ago. That evening, she told her father, “You shouldn’t eat with me unless you clean your hands.” Her father was very angry and shouted at her, “It’s not up to you to tell me what to do!” Stunned（目瞪口呆的），Hadjara sat in silence. But she knew she was right. In protest,Hadjar a refused to eat dinner that night. After her father questioned Hadjara’s head teacher, he understood the importance of hand-washing and his daughter’s intentions（目的）. The girl really wanted her family to live longer and healthier lives.For people in developing countries, clean water can change many things, especially improve their health. So, from now on, let’s avoid wasting water and take action to save water, which is important to people all over the world.1．According to the recent report, poor water and low sanitation conditions can cause _______.A．traffic problems B．forest fires C．many illnesses2．The key to improving people’s health in developing countries is _______ in Paragraph 1.A．to get clean water B．to exercise often C．to refuse drugs3．What can we infer（推断）from Paragraph 2?A．Hadjara laughed at her father’s foolishness.B．Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night in order to lose weight.C．Hadjara’s father understood his daughter’s love and care for him later.4．The underlined word “protest ” in this passage means _______.A．抗议B．保护C．节约5．The purpose of the writer is to _______.A．teach people how to wash hands B．call on people all over the world to save waterC．show developing countries rich in clean water(十)Is there intelligent(有智力的) life on other planets? For years, scientists said “no” or “We don’t know.” But today this is changing. Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are astronomers (天文学家). They believe intelligent life exists (存在) somewhere in the universe. They also think we will soon contact(接触) these beings.(生物)Why do Shostak and Barnett think intelligent life exists on other planets? The first reason is time. Scientists believethe universe is about 12 billion years old. “This is long enough for other planets to have intelligent life,” say Shostak and Barnet. The second reason is size—the universe is huge. “Tools（工具）like the Hubble telescope（哈勃望远镜）have shown that there are at least 100 billion galaxies,” says Shostak. “And our galaxy, the Milk Way, has at least 100 billion stars. Some planets going around these stars might be similar to Earth.”In the past, it was hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe. But now, powerful telescopes(高倍望远镜) allow scientists to discover smaller planets—the size of Mars or Earth in other solar systems. These planets might have intelligent life.Have beings from space alread y visited Earth? “Probably not,” says Shostak. “It’s a long way away. Ho wever, intelligent beings may contact us in other way, such as radio sighs(信号). In fact, they may be trying to communicate with us now, but we don’t have the right tools to receive th eir messages. However, this is changing. By 2025, we could make contact with other life forms in our universe and we might help each other.”1. Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are _______________.A. astronomers.B. farmersC. singersD. drivers2. What is the best title for Paragraph Two?A. The Age and Size of EarthB. Our Galaxy: The Milk WayC. Why Intelligent Life Might ExistD. Earth: The Only Planet With Intelligent Life3. Why was it hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe in the past?A. There were not any smaller planets.B. There were not any powerful telescopes.C. The astronomers were not interested in them.D. The Milk Way didn’t exis t at that time.4. Why haven’t beings from space visited us yet according to Shostak?A. They are afraid of us.B. It’s a long way away.C. They don’t want to see us.D. They don’t know how to us e radio signs.5. What does the underlined phrase “life forms” in the last paragraph mean?A. Messages.B. Tools.C. Intelligent beingsD. Radio signs.(十一)A city without cars would be very strange , right ? But Venice is such a city .Venice is in the northeast of Italy. It wasn't built on land, like Beijing or Shanghai, but on more than 110 islands. Seawater is everywhere around the city.Even so, travel isn't that difficult. The waterways have always been the best way to get around. There are 117 waterways and more than 400 bridges that can guide you where you want to go. People in Venice move from place to place by boat.Water makes the city special, but it is also a big problem. Sometimes tourists will have such strange experiences . One moment they walk across the Rialto Bridge , and there’s nothing special . But when they come back to the bridge an hour l ater , it’s underwater and everyone is wearing rain shoes .Once, people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little. Now the city has gone down by 23 centimeters. Another problem is the rising seawater. The temperature has risen over the years. This has made ice of the Arctic Ocean (北冰洋) melt (融化). Every year, high waters hit the city in autumn and winter. When a lot of water comes, more than half of the city is underwater.Scientists are trying different ways to stop the city from getting even lower. The Italian government has asked some of Italy’s biggest companies to build the M OST project , which was planned to be built under the seawater to stop the rising water . Anyway , this project is helping solve the problem .1. According to the passage , Venice is __________ of Italy .A. in the northeastB. in the westC. in the southwestD. in the south2. __________ have always been the best way to go here and there in the city .A. Taxis and carsB. The waterwaysC. 400 bridgesD. Boats and rain shoes3. Venice has gone down by 23 centimeters because __________ .A. people used too much un derground waterB. it got higher little by littleC. the temperature has fallen over the yearsD. more than half of the city is underwater4. The passage is mainly about __________ of Venice .A. the waterways and bridgesB. the Most project and problemsC. the specials and problemsD. the history and beautiful places(十二)Have you ever stayed in a hotel? Most Chinese hotels often provide guests with things like disposable (一次性的) toothbrushes, toothpaste, shampoo and slippers. Many guests like the idea because they don't have to bring their own. But, if you travel to Beijing, remember to bring your own things. Starting from June, some hotels in Beijing will no longer provide guests with these disposables. They want to ask people to use less disposable things.Many disposable things are made of plastic. People throw them away after only using them once. It is a waste of natural resources (资源) and is very bad for the environment. Do you know, one Chinese person makes as much as 400kg of waste a year! Most of that waste comes from disposable things. In Beijing, people throw away about 19,000 tons of plastic bags and 1,320 tons of plastic lunch bowls every year! Plastic can take between 100 and 400 years to break down. So the less plastic we throw out, the better. So, wherever you travel, bring your own things and use them again and again.Back at home and school, you can also do something to make our world a better place. Try to do these things in your daily life: Use cloth shopping bags, not plastic ones. After using a plastic bag, wash it out and let it dry. Then you can use it over and over again. Do not use paper cups. At your school canteen（食堂）, use your own bowl and chopsticks instead of disposable ones.1. Why do many hotels provide guests with some disposable things?A. Let their guests be convenient during their travelling.B. Hope their guests use less disposable things.C. Wish their guests to save money.D. Want their guests to use more disposable things.2. Some Beijing hotels will no longer provide guests with ____.A. cheap food and drinkB. disposable thingsC. good serviceD. free TV programmes3. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Many disposable things are made of plastic.B. Throwing disposable things away is a waste of natural resources.C. Plastic is very bad for the environmentD. Plastic breaks down easily.4. What can we do to make our world a better place at home and school?A. Use shopping bags made of plastic.B. Do not throw away paper cups.C. Use disposable plates, bowls and chopsticks.D. Do not forget to reuse daily necessities（日用品）.5. We can tell from the story that ____.A. people don't like disposable things at allB. we can't use paper or plastic bowls at schoolC. we should use less plastic things and protect our environmentD. hotels won't provide disposable things because they want to save money参考答案1、1C 2A 3A 4B 5C2、1C 2B 3D 4D 5D3、1D 2A 3B 4C 5D4、1A 2B 3C 4A 5B5、1. A 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. D6、1D 2D 3B 4C 5D7、1A 2C 3D 4C 5B8、1B 2C 3A 4C 5C9、1C 2A 3C 4A 5B10、1A 2C 3B 4B 5C。
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新人教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解（科普环保类）（I）卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、阅读理解 (共5题；共52分)1. （10分）(2019·毕节) 阅读理解Dear Rita,How are you? Last time you asked me about the greatest invention in my eyes. I havealso discussed it with my best friends, Anna, Sue and Kris. We have different ideas. Annathinks it is the high﹣speed railway; Sue, the shared bike; Kris, the online shopping;and I prefer the Internet.The Internet is just like a net, and it connects us with the world. In the past,it was nearly impossible for people to communicate immediately with people in othercountries. They had to spend a long time to reach their destinations (目的地), and noteveryone could do that. But the Internet has made the impossible possible. Now we can communicate with foreigners online.The Internet also helps us know what is happening around the world, and has madeour life and work easier. In recent years, shopping online is very popular. We can juststay at home and buy what we need online. We can also do online office work and distance education. Besides, we can watch movies, listen to music and even play games to relaxourselves on the Internet.So, I think that the Internet is one of the greatest inventions. It has changedour world! Although there are still many problems with the Internet, they will be solvedin the near future. As a student we should make good use of the Internet!Yours,Martin （1） The letter was written by .A . RitaB . SueC . AnnaD . Martin（2） Anna thought that was the greatest invention.A . the high﹣speed railwayB . the shared bikeC . the InternetD . the online shopping（3） "The Internet has made the impossible possible" means .A . People spent a long time to reach their placesB . Many things can be done now because of the InternetC . People could hardly talk with foreignersD . The Internet is just like a net（4） The article doesn't mention that people can use the Internet to .A . know the world newsB . do online shoppingC . watch moviesD . learn how to drive（5） For what purpose does the writer write the letter?A . To warn others how to make use of the Internet.B . To tell people the communication ways in the past.C . To talk about his opinions about the greatest invention.D . To make people know about the problems of the Internet.2. （12分）阅读理解Is there intelligent（有智力的） life on other planets? For years, scientists said "no" or "we don't know". But today this is changing. Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are astronomers（天文学家）. They believe intelligent life exists（存在） somewhere in the universe. They also think we will soon contact these beings（人生物）.Why do Shostak and Barnett think intelligent life exists on other planets? The first reason is time. Scientists believe the universe is about 12 billion years old." This is long enough for other planets to have intelligent life," say Shostak and Barnett. The second reason is size-the universe is huge." Tools like the Hubble Telescope（哈勃望远镜） have shown that there are at least 100 billion galaxies," says Shostak. "And our galaxy, the Milky Way, has at least 100 billion stars.Some planets going around these stars might be similar to the Earth."In the past, it was hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe. But now, powerful telescopes（高倍望远镜） allow scientists to discover smaller planets-the size of Mars or the Earth-in other solar systems. These planets might have intelligent life.Have beings from space already visited the Earth?" Probably not," says Shostak. "It's a long way away. However, intelligent beings may contact us in other ways, such as radio signals（信号）. In fact, they may be trying to communicate with us now, but we don't have the right tools to receive their messages. However, this is changing. By 2025, we could make contact with other life forms in our universe and we might help each other."（1） Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are .A . astronomersB . farmersC . singersD . drivers（2） What is the best title for Paragraph 2?A . The Age and Size of the EarthB . Our Galaxy; The Milky WayC . Why Intelligent Life Might ExistD . The Earth: The Only Planet with Intelligent Life（3） Why was it hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe in the past?A . Because there were not any smaller planets.B . Because there were not any powerful telescopes.C . Because the astronomers were not interested in them.D . Because the Milky Way didn't exist at that time.（4） Why haven't beings from space visited us yet according to Shostak?A . Because they're afraid of us.B . Because it's a long way away.C . Because they don't want to see us.D . Because they don't know how to use radio signals.（5） What does the underlined phrase "life forms" in the last paragraph mean?A . Messages.B . Tools.C . Intelligent beings.D . Radio signals.3. （10分）(2019·达州) 阅读理解Shanghai University of Engineering Science has become the first university in China to be covered by a 5G network, the university announced on Tuesday.Chinese mobile carriers(运营商) are expected to spend 1.2 trillion yuan（US＄176.5 billion） on 5G by 2025,50 percent more than their total 4G investment (投资), Nomura said yesterday. Carriers including China Mobile, China Telecom and China Unicom, are expected to build over 4.9 million 5G base stations by 2025.5G is a" game﹣changing" opportunity for carriers as they can explore new business like smart manufacturing, super high definition video and smart driving, instead of just being a "pipeline" for voice and data services.China will supply "temporary "5G licenses in several aimed cities this year. Consumers(消费者) will be able to use the first batch of 5G smart﹣phones and tablet computers in the second half. It's the first time that China's top industry regulator clarified the 5G industry timeline, especially the first appearance of 5G phones.But 5G services will become accessible to normal consumers later than expected. More work needs to be done to make the 5G industry fully developed, which won't happen until 2020, said UBS recently. New business projects and organizations, rather than normal consumers, will enjoy 5G services at first. The first batch of 5G services will be available to consumers in about 10 cities only.（1） How much did Chinese mobile carriers spend on 4G?A . About 1.2 trillion yuan.B . About US＄176.5 million.C . About 0.8 trillion yuan.D . About US＄0.8 billion.（2） What does the underlined word "accessible" probably mean in Chinese?A . 易获得的B . 困难的C . 让人理解的D . 费解的（3） Which part of a newspaper may the article come from?A . Lifestyle.B . Health.C . Education.D . Technology.（4） What's the main idea of the article?A . Mobile carriers plan to spend much on 5G and it will come into our life soon.B . China will supply "temporary"5G licenses in several aimed cities this year.C . 5G services will become accessible to normal consumers later than expected.D . The first batch of 5G services will be available to consumers in about 10 cities only.4. （10分） (2019九上·尤溪月考) 阅读短文，根据短文内容，从题中所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案。