高英第一册第五课写作手法
高级英语第一册最常用修辞手法总结
高级英语1------常考修辞手法总结1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比，这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。
标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。
例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.2.Metaphor 隐喻，暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.例如：1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如:1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如:a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche 提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.例如:1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)他的厂里约有100名工人.2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)他是本世纪的牛顿.3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。
2020-2021学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 5 Section Ⅳ 写作指导 课件
__________(理由1), which is very good for __________.What’s more, __________(理由2), as is often the case __________.Though perhaps we __________ ， we __________( 理 由 3) because we __________.We can __________.
In the country the air is fresher and there is less pollution, which is very good for health.What’s more, the countryside is far from the noise and not crowded, as is often the case in the city.
money
The country：
The country：
quiet; enjoy so much in nature；
too quiet；boring；no jobs
grow food on a farm
[审题谋篇] 第一步 明确要求 该写作属于辩论作文，故要用第__三__人称来写；文章的主题内容是 喜欢住在城市还是乡村，选择其中的一种去写作。时态用_一__般__现__在__时_。 第二步 确定段落 本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手： Para.1 开门见山，阐明观点； Para.2 列举理由； Para.3 再次表明观点。
As a whole, I think _________much better _________than _________.
精品展示 一中学班级就生活在城市或乡村的问题进行了辩论。下面是部分辩 论记录要点，请确定你的观点，参照该记录要点并发挥想象，写一篇题 为I Prefer to Live in the City/the Coun- tryside的短文。词数80左右。
高级英语第五课修辞手法分析
1. Irony(反讽) is the use of words that the opposite of what you really mean, often as a joke and with a tone of voice that shows this.(1)I award this champion only after laborious research and incessant prayer. (L.1, Para.5)(2)It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devotedall the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them. (L.14, Para.5)(3)It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror.(L.11,Para.6)2. Sarcasm(讽刺) is a way of using words that are the opposite of what you mean in order to be unpleasant to somebody or to make fun of them.(1) Obviously, if there were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides… (L.6, Para.3)(2) They are incomparable in color, and they are incomparable in design. (L.13, Para.5)3. Ridicule(嘲讽) refers to unkind comments that make fun of somebody/something or make them look silly.(1) When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. (L.2, Para.4)(2) They made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossible penthouse, painteda staring yellow, on top of it. (L.15, Para.8)4. Understatement(低调陈述) is the opposite of hyperbole. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately understating it, impressing the listeners or the readers more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement.(1) The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills. （L.1, Para.3）5. Antonomasia(换称) is a figure of speech that involves the use of epithet or title in place of a name, and also the use of a proper name in place of a common noun.(1) Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Kansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia. (L.7, Para5)6. Antithetical Contrast(反衬对比) is a figure of speech combined by antithesis and contrast, and often has two sharply contrasting ideas balanced across a sentence (or neighboring sentences) (1) Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a sense so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke. (L.5, Para.1)(2) Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination—and here were habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats. (L.10, Para1)7. Hyperbole(夸张) is a way of speaking or writing that makes something should be better, more exciting, dangerous, etc. than it really is.(1) What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revolting monstrousness, of every house in sight. (L.2, Para.2)(2) From East Liberty to Greensburg, a distance of twenty-five miles, there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the eye. (L.3, Para.2)(3) But in Westmoreland they prefer that uremic yellow, and so they have the most loathsome towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye. (L.8, Para.4)(4) I have seen, I believe, all of the most unlovely towns of the world; they are all to be found in the United States. (L.2, Para.5)(5) It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them. (L.14, Para.5)8. Metaphor(暗喻) is a figure of speech that describes something by referring to it as something else, in order to show that the two things have the same qualities and to make the description more powerful.(1) Here was the very heart of industrial America… (L.5, Para.1)(2)…on their low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud. ((L.17, Para. 3)(3) And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks. (L.20, Para.3)(4) The effect is that of a fat woman with a black eye. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning. (L.17, Para.8)(5) Out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth. (L.3, Para.9)9. Simile(明喻) is a figure of speech that often uses the words like or as, etc. to make a comparison between to unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common.(1) …one blinked before them as one blinks before a man with face shot away. (L.7, Para.2)(2) …a crazy little church just west of Jeannette, set like a dormer window on the side of a bare leprous hill… (L.9, Para.2)(3) …a steel stadium like a huge rat-trap somewhere further down the line. (L.12, Para.2)10. Rhetorical Question(修辞疑问句) is a figure of speech in the form of a question posed for its persuasive effect without the expectation of a reply. Rhetorical question encourages the listener to think about what the answer (often obvious) to the question might be.(1) But what have they done? (L.11, Para.3)(2) Was it necessary to adopt that shocking color? (L.4, Para.4)(3) Are they so frightful because the valley is full of foreigners—dull, intense brutes, with no love of beauty in them? (L.1, Para.6)(4) Then why did not these foreigners set up similar abominations in the countries that they came from? (L.2, Para.6)。
高级英语第五课修辞
5/2/2014
Before long the movement had become officially recognized by the pulpit…implied promise that their owners would be rendered sexually irresistible. (para.8)
此处使用了暗喻的修辞，将年轻人的狂野行为和 自我放纵比作短暂的狂欢，将逃避者比作醉酒的 狂欢者。
5/2/2014
Greenwich village set the pattern.(para.7)
metonymy 转喻 Many writers and artists came to live in Greenwich village, and many other young intellectuals followed their footsteps.
5/2/2014
添
But at the same time it was tempted, in America at least, to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication and a pose of bohemian immorality.(para.4) Transferred epithet 形容词naughty和alcoholic在此处的使用属于 移位修饰，真正地被修饰语是youth，指年轻 人没有规矩，酗酒成瘾。
击 添
…we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.(para.2)
高级英语第五课修辞
添 加 文 本
And like most escapist sprees, this one lasted until the money ran out, until the crash of the world economic structure at the end of the decade called the party to a halt and forced the revelers to sober up and face the problems of the new age.(para.4) metaphor
5/2/2014
Before long the movement had become officially recognized by the pulpit…implied promise that their owners would be rendered sexually irresistible. (para.8)
5/2/2014
pens象征年轻作家们的作品，而Babbitt try 指的是美国小说《巴比特》中主人公的特征 。
5/2/2014
As it become more and more fashionable throughout the country for young persons to defy the law and the conflagration of “flaming youth”, it was Greenwich village that fanned the flames.(para.8) metaphor 此处运用了暗喻，分别将年轻人的反叛和种种叛 逆行为比作了一场大火和助燃的小火柴。
此处运用了暗喻，将《美国的文明》一书比作 聚集点。
大学高级英语第一册第5课译文及课后答案
的个人和国家都是我们的敌人……这就是我们的政策，这就是我们的宣言。因此，我们将竭尽全力援助俄国政府坚定不移地战斗到底……
“这绝不是一场阶级战争，而是一场大英帝国和英联邦共同参加的、不分种族、宗教信仰或政党派别的全民战争。至于美国方面的行动，我无权代作宣言，但我要声明一点：如果希特勒认为他对苏维埃俄国的进攻会使那些决心埋葬他的伟大的民主国家稍稍转移目标或松懈斗志的话，那他就大错特错了。恰恰相反，我们将会更加坚强、更加勇敢地为将人类从他的暴政下解救出来而奋斗，我们将加强而不是削弱自己的决心和力量。
2) antibacterial抗细菌的，抗菌物； antifreeze 防冻剂 In these two cases, "anti-"means "preventing', "curing', "neutralizing" or "reducing". Other examples : antiknock, antitoxin, anti-pollution, anti-malarial, antifriction, anti-icer.
2)He was not surprised at the news, because he had thought that the Germans would attack the Soviet Union.
3)Because he had only one purpose, the destruction of Hitler, who he thought was the worst in the world.
高级英语 第一册 第五课 1、2段
Conviction: ①an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence 确信
②(criminal law )a final judgment of guilty in a criminal case and the punishment that is imposed.定罪 eg: He will appeal against his conviction.
A country must have the will to repel any invader. 一个国家得有决心击退任何入侵者。 He'll use the invasive components to seize control of the ship. 它会利用入侵的部分来夺取这艘船。
aggression invasion assault attack offensive均有“进攻、侵略”之意。 aggression: 词义宽泛，既可指武装入侵别国领土， 又可指文化、经济等方面的侵略。侧重敌意行动 和征服的企图。 invasion: 多指具体的侵入或侵犯别国领土，也可 用于指抽象事件。 assault: 主要指突然而猛烈的进攻。 attack: 普通用词，含义广，指事先不发警告，主 动地向对方发起武力进攻或对言论等进行抨击。 offensive: 多指进攻的态势，常指大规模的协同军 事行动
他被认为很聪明但不诚实。（别人认为他很聪明但不诚实）
awoke:awake的过去式 awake: adj.醒着的；警惕的；vt. ﹠vi.唤醒;觉悟；唤起 过去式 awoke或 awaked ;过去分词 awoke或 awaked或 awoken; 现在分词 awaking wake: vi.醒来；叫醒；苏醒；vt.激发；使意识到；为…守夜n.守夜；年度假期 过去式 woke 或 waked ;过去分词 woke 或 waked ;现在分词 waked waken:literary term for wake，没有名词词性。 过去式:wakened 过去分词:wakened awaken:vt. ﹠vi唤醒，（使）觉醒；vt.激起 过去式awakened;过去分词awakened 从理论上说，这四个动词都可用作及物或不及物动词；但从实际使用上看， wake 和 awake 多用作不及物动词，而 waken，awaken 多用作及物动词。
人教课标版高中英语必修1 Unit5_写作课_公开课课件(一)
which/that
5. The students and things w_h_i_c_h you spoke of are known to us. that
5.Einstein is such a great scientist_t_h_a_t we must learn from. as
Rewrite the sentences using the Attributive clause (3):
Our class is a big family ; It consists of 30 girls and 30 boys. Most of them are mainly from the countryside. Zhao Qiang is a kind-hearted boy. He is always ready uch a good boy that we all like him.
4. We are having a lesson in a classroom __w_h_o__s_e__ windows face south.
5. Jiahui is interested in the grammar book __w_h_i_c_h_/t_h_a_t/_省__略___Weilong bought last week.
2. Deng Pengfei is a boyw__h_o_/w__h_o_m_/_th__a_t/_省_略__ all the teachers and classmates are fond of.
3. Li Na_w__h_o_s_e__hobby is playing tennis is a good-tempered and enthusiastic girl.
高级英语第一册第五课
Why did Churchill Deliver This Speech? 1. Putting forward his stand: uniting Soviet Union to fight against Hitler. 2. The destruction of Hitler was the main purpose. 3. Uniting Soviet Union would benefit to end World WarⅡ. 4. Analyzing the situation of the war, leading a bright way for English people and the soldiers. 5. Encouraging people to fight with the enemy more confidently and bravely.
5. Periodic sentence (圆周句/掉尾句) Long and frequently-involved sentence in which the main idea of the sentence is not expressed at the outset, but is reserved to the end of the sentence. Thus the meaning of the sentence is not completed until the final word ---usually with an emphatic climax.
1.Why did Churchill deliver This Speech? 2. The Summary of the Text
3.Structure(The Division of the Text) 4.Appreciation and Writing Characterisitics
2019人教版高中英语必修第一册全册作文指导
WELCOM UNITWriting —写一份个人简介技法指导个人简介就是对个人学历、经历、特长、爱好及其他有关悄况所作的简明扼要的书面介绍，是有针对性的自我介绍的一种规范化、逻辑化的书面表达。
个人简介属于应用文的范畴，通常是针对介绍个人悄况、招聘、申请等。
写个人简介要讲究遣词用句，措辞要直接，不拐弯抹角；语言要礼貌，但不要过分谦卑。
［增分佳句］1 ・ My name is Li Ming・ I am a Senior 3 student of Xinhua Middle School.我是李明，新华中学高三年级的一名学生。
2・ I'm Li Hua, an 18-year-oId girl student in Class One, Grade Three・ I'm open-minded, easy-going and enthusiastic・ I think my English is good enough to communicate with foreigners and I like to make friends.我是李华，18岁，是高三一班的一位女学生。
我心胸开阔，性格随和，热情好客。
我认为我能够与外国人用英语交流，而且我喜欢交朋友。
3・ First of all, I am among the most diligent students in our school.首先，我是我们学校最勤奋的学生之一。
4・ He/She was one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century・他/她是20世纪最伟大的科学家之一。
5・ He/She studied at a local high school and graduated from Beijing University.他/她曾就读于当地一所高中，毕业于北京大学。
修辞总结高英一册5-6课
Lesson 5 Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U. S. S. R.1.Churchill ,he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, thearch anti-communist ,this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon.(metaphor, allusion)2.eg: … but can you doubt what our policy will be? (rhetorical question)3.We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose. (repetition)4.The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies, flashes away.(periodical sentence)5.I see the Russian soldiers standing on the thresthold of their native land,guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial. (metaphor)6.I see …I see……. (parallelism)7.I see advancing upon all this in hideous onslaught the Nazi warmachine, with its clanking, heel-clicking, dandified Prussian officers, it crafty expert agents fresh from the cowing and tying down of a dozen countries. (onomatopoeia)8.I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldieryplodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts. (alliteration, simile) 9.I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting frommany a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.(metaphor)10.F rom this nothing will turn us---nothing. (repetition)11.W e will never parley, we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of hisgane. (repetition)12.W e shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fighthim in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke. (parallelism, metaphor) 13.A ny man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Anyman or state who marches with Hitler is our foe…(periodical sentence, antithesis)14.B ehind all this glare, behind all this storm, I see that small group ofvillainous men who plan, organize, and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind…behind all this glare behind all this storm (metaphor, Parallelism)15.T he scene will be clear for the final act. (metaphor)16.…just as the cause of any Russian fighting for his hearth and home isthe cause of free men and free peoples in every quarter of the globe.(hearth暗喻，alliteration)17.I see the Russian soldiers standing … I see them guarding... I see theten thousand villages... I see that small group… (Parallelism)18.L et us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience. Let usredouble our exertions… (Parallelism)19.W e have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose. (Repetition)20.H e has so long thrived and prospered. (Repetition)21.W e will never parley, we will never negotiate... (Repetition)22.H e hopes....he hopes..... (parallelism)23.T he Nazi regime is devoid of all theme and principle except appetiteand racial domination. (metaphor)Lesson 6 Blackmail1.piggy eyes (metaphor, ridicule)2.beady eyes (metaphor)3.The obese body shook in an appreciative chuckle. (onomatopeia)4.His wife shot him a swift, warning glance. (metaphor, transferredepithet)5.You drove there in your fancy Jaguar, and you took a lady friend.(euphemism)6.The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind.(metaphor)7.Her voice was a whiplash. (metaphor)8.Eyes bored into him. (metaphor)9.The house detective clucked his tongue reprovingly. (onomatopeia)10.I n what conceivable way does our car concern you? (rhetoricalquestion)。
人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册精品课件 Unit 5 读后续写 微技能之情感细节描写——悲伤与痛苦
四、单句写作 1.得知那个坏消息后,她悲伤到失去知觉,不能开口说话。(用固定短语) Informed of the bad news,she,___n_u_m_b__ __w__it_h___ __g_r_ie_f___ ,had trouble speaking. 2.她拿着信,眼睛里流露出被完全遗忘的深深悲伤。(分词短语作状语) She held the letter,___h_e_r___ ___e_y_es___ __sh_o_w__in_g_ ___d_e_e_p_ _s_o_r_ro_w__ ___o_f__ being totally forgotten. 3.听到这个消息,他绝望地借酒消愁。(so...that倒装句) Hearing the news,____s_o___ _d_e_s_p_er_a_t_e __w__a_s___ ____h_e___ ___th_a_t___ he drowned his sadness in wine.
一、owful,painful,frustrated,depressed,heartbroken,sadly, painfully
名词/动词 sadness,sorrow,pain,frustration,grief,depression,sink 二、词块必记 1.be down/low in spirits 情绪低落 2.in a sorrowful tone/voice伤心地说 3.sob/weep with one’s face hidden in one’s hands掩面啜泣 4.be overcome with sorrow悲伤不已 5.cry one’s heart/eyes out悲痛欲绝
4.When he heard the news,a frown stood on his face and his face clouded over. 当他听说这个消息时,他眉头紧锁,满面愁容。 5.She was numb with grief as she watched him go. 她看着他离去,悲伤得失去知觉。
人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册 UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND 写作指导
【妙笔成篇】
As far as I’m concerned,organic farming is preferable to chemical farming.Here are some reasons.
Firstly,in organic farming,farmers are forbidden to spray chemical pesticides on the plants,so there are no pesticide residues left on them. Secondly,farmers use natural waste from animals,which will be good for improving the condition of the soil.Thirdly,organic farming can increase the farmers’ income.With more and more people caring about their health,they tend to buy organic fruit and vegetables when they are shopping,despite the high prices of these products.
体裁 议论文
人称 第一、三人称
时态 一般现在时
话题 关于农业的议论文
框架
第一段:开门见山,表明观点 第二段:提出话题,表明自己选择的理由 第三段:再次肯定自己的观点,与首段相呼应
【遣词造句】
1.词汇
(1) income
n.收入
(2) spray
v.喷洒
(3) mineral
n.矿物质
高英第5课11,12,13段修辞
personification
This is no time to moralise on the follies of countries and Governments which have allowed themselves to be stuck down one by one (line94)
...by which he has so long thrived and prospered, and then the scene will be clear for final act, without... （line110）
...by which he has so long thrived and prospered, and then the scene will be clear for final act, without... （line110）
concise in language(语言简洁), balanced in structure, forceful in tone, and distinguished in significane (烘托意义)
Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience. Let us redouble our exertions, and strike with united strength while life and power remain. （line117） learn lesson [lɜːn] ['les(ə)n]
periodic sentence 掉尾句
if Hitler imagines that ……, he is woefully mistaken. (line 88)
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Comment on writing skills In the passage “S peech on Hitler’s invasion of the U.S.S.R.” ,Churchill used many writings skills to make his speech more powerful, persuasive and impression .Here I will analyze some of the skills in the speech.
I Rhetoric
i. Alliteration
For instance ,“I see also the dull, drilled, docile brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts”“...Russian fighting for his hearth and home...”In these sentences ,“dull ,drilled, docile ”and “hearth and home ”each have the same start words“d”
and“h” .It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect so that makes his speech sound more powerful. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound .
ii Onomatopoeia
It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive of some action or movement.
In paragraph 8,we can see the two words “clanking, heel-clicking”,“clanking ”refers to the sounds of swords and sabers , and
“ heel-clicking ”means the heel sounds of Nazi .
These two words makes audience easily hatred of Hitler’s Nazi regime. II Specific words
Churchill pays particular attention to choose the words.
i Absolute-sounding words
In paragraph ten, he said,“…Hitler and every vestige of the Nazi régime.” “We will never parley, we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang .”Absolute words like “ever ,never, any” all strengthen his voice.
ii Formal words
Churchill replaced simple ,everyday words with the italicized words .e.g. “There only remained the task of c omposing it”,”Composing it ”means “preparing”;“H e devoted the whole day to it…”here ,“devoted”refers to “spent…on it”etc .These italicized words makes his speech more powerful.
To sum up, in this speech, there are many writing skills such as use biblical allusion ,use six “I see”
rhetorical ,questions ,inversion ,parallel etc. ,all these helped Churchill to show his strong determination to defeat Nazi.。