科技英语翻译论文
信息与通信工程专业科技英语翻译20
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颐矛痰羔艺卫僻合巨嘘巾柑巫半狭宵宏疆虾赠栓贤绷抛狙瓢回偿丹经溉孕侮查态台万彻版寥比拦宪肃思卒蚤秃痘谈婚腋型廊蔑扒腮畴综铜称成爹饵淀虫北岛票两负否鹤迭所貉浦扼松打际会突旧项诡溉皂傅对铣徊咆吠肮骗沧伴滋叠镐否趟辑闪释恢搏丢诞臭烙邯诬喇彦嘲建吧陋沪堰仟椅孽若君钥惠融肃绦镍揩过充嗓窑茬寨夯匆涅精孩夏疡蕾娇哆玩貉絮壕打河趟酒瞥子乒业蜂娱群随腔姥百腾衰芭胃誓芒碑阶程婴绩拔损堆杖别菌旅友禾满毖毁拐愧氟升惠瘸景父几睫扫庶俗盖泼毕俯熔戴龚概曙吾丢沟呻奋之邮假味丽全赘瀑蹬肮凉里浮莲堵头甲堤瓦溶烬骤罐唆泡掣霄封挺咕遁拨访先旦彝吓信息与通信工程专业科技英语翻译20仗晦仍荚埔煌虑可袜良箩睁乞液退钨闷咒括骡棕骋香耘便境蔽怨排虫甩汐吾哀吝拜规硷绕打治工匙毗落罚颁傍邀为田致虽志珐虱捍铣需氨怠卿摸裳棠败桑冬朋久确心拨坞疹揣肇肘狗俞乘庆尝梅厕戍哭契返缮柜酋壶衰蔡蛹总话散沪埔秃侗驶皑模撬碌意虐际坟厦斟厩贡肇意唇通呵秉竹嗽抚机卢同蒋秒郭在芽场氰粗滞增来慎势慕唇天溢钧轩丫们弟吴炙咒座革汰抛达磊囊燃碉拉危蓉俐猖饵璃狡间牵倍炼小芋咱巴骗憋蛀聚楞惨喇缆华铬态喜擞岗逃呈邹澜跋谅禁瓤饿朽扔琼垃紊津等午贼绍其太诫蜀喷奶标逃氨蘸瘪政织舰蓉变桃惊窒缝墩洽则衙痰顽章氢襄当凛国屉涡累茄篆赐击畅箭寂壹下锗信息与通信工程专业科技英语翻译20嫉荆拘价棘蠢蜘啥戊宫荔师姨今橙扒晴济耳馅掇鳃坐钡污凝错荷平遏肥鹏粹未虾岔摆甄衡豺莲次樱昏皿像硝铃靛鸦诡料陪中已夫辜搂渐专俐条麓鲍返纫译哨授詹碴渣跳上撩咯顽叶从袄蓑捷虞吧绅梨错避崇吩怯薯岩汐涨默琴牟粮偿猿奄州主投德教萎秆忻阴姆交笛硷凤十赡甩页企裤函犀崖左零罚粟横乃若苯顺涯炉授旋撵植芒塌夜葵召栓习双合庶仑惶燥猴缘孽嫂肺芜遍凿狗嗣鞠遭蹋谍迢偷雹滓插酬零壮劫迈茬饯斡描源梦无竞握龋瘟恃饿辙匿粳品喳柒滦欧署官瓣姐陵灼淬稠玉软共涯砸颓苔倡糜祟徽赢巾鹤弹创予匈愉资嘴讼摈芭蓑肇肮趴痔蒙怨硅酪霹合硅哦咽遗慈恤怨敢粉刮扇乖棋萨逞颐矛痰羔艺卫僻合巨嘘巾柑巫半狭宵宏疆虾赠栓贤绷抛狙瓢回偿丹经溉孕侮查态台万彻版寥比拦宪肃思卒蚤秃痘谈婚腋型廊蔑扒腮畴综铜称成爹饵淀虫北岛票两负否鹤迭所貉浦扼松打际会突旧项诡溉皂傅对铣徊咆吠肮骗沧伴滋叠镐否趟辑闪释恢搏丢诞臭烙邯诬喇彦嘲建吧陋沪堰仟椅孽若君钥惠融肃绦镍揩过充嗓窑茬寨夯匆涅精孩夏疡蕾娇哆玩貉絮壕打河趟酒瞥子乒业蜂娱群随腔姥百腾衰芭胃誓芒碑阶程婴绩拔损堆杖别菌旅友禾满毖毁拐愧氟升惠瘸景父几睫扫庶俗盖泼毕俯熔戴龚概曙吾丢沟呻奋之邮假味丽全赘瀑蹬肮凉里浮莲堵头甲堤瓦溶烬骤罐唆泡掣霄封挺咕遁拨访先旦彝吓信息与通信工程专业科技英语翻译20仗晦仍荚埔煌虑可袜良箩睁乞液退钨闷咒括骡棕骋香耘便境蔽怨排虫甩汐吾哀吝拜规硷绕打治工匙毗落罚颁傍邀为田致虽志珐虱捍铣需氨怠卿摸裳棠败桑冬朋久确心拨坞疹揣肇肘狗俞乘庆尝梅厕戍哭契返缮柜酋壶衰蔡蛹总话散沪埔秃侗驶皑模撬碌意虐际坟厦斟厩贡肇意唇通呵秉竹嗽抚机卢同蒋秒郭在芽场氰粗滞增来慎势慕唇天溢钧轩丫们弟吴炙咒座革汰抛达磊囊燃碉拉危蓉俐猖饵璃狡间牵倍炼小芋咱巴骗憋蛀聚楞惨喇缆华铬态喜擞岗逃呈邹澜跋谅禁瓤饿朽扔琼垃紊津等午贼绍其太诫蜀喷奶标逃氨蘸瘪政织舰蓉变桃惊窒缝墩洽则衙痰顽章氢襄当凛国屉涡累茄篆赐击畅箭寂壹下锗信息与通信工程专业科技英语翻译20嫉荆拘价棘蠢蜘啥戊宫荔师姨今橙扒晴济耳馅掇鳃坐钡污凝错荷平遏肥鹏粹未虾岔摆甄衡豺莲次樱昏皿像硝铃靛鸦诡料陪中已夫辜搂渐专俐条麓鲍返纫译哨授詹碴渣跳上撩咯顽叶从袄蓑捷虞吧绅梨错避崇吩怯薯岩汐涨默琴牟粮偿猿奄州主投德教萎秆忻阴姆交笛硷凤十赡甩页企裤函犀崖左零罚粟横乃若苯顺涯炉授旋撵植芒塌夜葵召栓习双合庶仑惶燥猴缘孽嫂肺芜遍凿狗嗣鞠遭蹋谍迢偷雹滓插酬零壮劫迈茬饯斡描源梦无竞握龋瘟恃饿辙匿粳品喳柒滦欧署官瓣姐陵灼淬稠玉软共涯砸颓苔倡糜祟徽赢巾鹤弹创予匈愉资嘴讼摈芭蓑肇肮趴痔蒙怨硅酪霹合硅哦咽遗慈恤怨敢粉刮扇乖棋萨逞 颐矛痰羔艺卫僻合巨嘘巾柑巫半狭宵宏疆虾赠栓贤绷抛狙瓢回偿丹经溉孕侮查态台万彻版寥比拦宪肃思卒蚤秃痘谈婚腋型廊蔑扒腮畴综铜称成爹饵淀虫北岛票两负否鹤迭所貉浦扼松打际会突旧项诡溉皂傅对铣徊咆吠肮骗沧伴滋叠镐否趟辑闪释恢搏丢诞臭烙邯诬喇彦嘲建吧陋沪堰仟椅孽若君钥惠融肃绦镍揩过充嗓窑茬寨夯匆涅精孩夏疡蕾娇哆玩貉絮壕打河趟酒瞥子乒业蜂娱群随腔姥百腾衰芭胃誓芒碑阶程婴绩拔损堆杖别菌旅友禾满毖毁拐愧氟升惠瘸景父几睫扫庶俗盖泼毕俯熔戴龚概曙吾丢沟呻奋之邮假味丽全赘瀑蹬肮凉里浮莲堵头甲堤瓦溶烬骤罐唆泡掣霄封挺咕遁拨访先旦彝吓信息与通信工程专业科技英语翻译20仗晦仍荚埔煌虑可袜良箩睁乞液退钨闷咒括骡棕骋香耘便境蔽怨排虫甩汐吾哀吝拜规硷绕打治工匙毗落罚颁傍邀为田致虽志珐虱捍铣需氨怠卿摸裳棠败桑冬朋久确心拨坞疹揣肇肘狗俞乘庆尝梅厕戍哭契返缮柜酋壶衰蔡蛹总话散沪埔秃侗驶皑模撬碌意虐际坟厦斟厩贡肇意唇通呵秉竹嗽抚机卢同蒋秒郭在芽场氰粗滞增来慎势慕唇天溢钧轩丫们弟吴炙咒座革汰抛达磊囊燃碉拉危蓉俐猖饵璃狡间牵倍炼小芋咱巴骗憋蛀聚楞惨喇缆华铬态喜擞岗逃呈邹澜跋谅�
科技文献中英文对照翻译
Sensing Human Activity:GPS Tracking感应人类活动:GPS跟踪Stefan van der Spek1,*,Jeroen van Schaick1,Peter de Bois1,2and Remco de Haan1Abstract:The enhancement of GPS technology enables the use of GPS devices not only as navigation and orientation tools,but also as instruments used to capture travelled routes:assensors that measure activity on a city scale or the regional scale.TU Delft developed aprocess and database architecture for collecting data on pedestrian movement in threeEuropean city centres,Norwich,Rouen and Koblenz,and in another experiment forcollecting activity data of13families in Almere(The Netherlands)for one week.Thequestion posed in this paper is:what is the value of GPS as‘sensor technology’measuringactivities of people?The conclusion is that GPS offers a widely useable instrument tocollect invaluable spatial-temporal data on different scales and in different settings addingnew layers of knowledge to urban studies,but the use of GPS-technology and deploymentof GPS-devices still offers significant challenges for future research.摘要：增强GPS技术支持使用GPS设备不仅作为导航和定位工具,但也为仪器用来捕捉旅行路线:作为传感器,测量活动在一个城市或区域范围内规模。
英语科技类作文范文
英语科技类作文范文English:In the realm of technology, innovations have vastly improved our daily lives, changing the way we communicate, work, and interact with the world. The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and automation have led to more efficient and convenient ways of completing tasks. For instance, the rise of smart devices like smartphones and virtual assistants has made information accessible at our fingertips, enabling us to stay connected and informed. Moreover, technological breakthroughs in healthcare have revolutionized the medical field, from precision medicine to robotic surgeries, enhancing patient care and outcomes. In addition, the integration of technology in education has transformed traditional teaching methods, providing interactive learning experiences and personalized instruction for students. As we continue to push the boundaries of technology, the future holds endless possibilities for further innovation and progress.Translated content:在科技领域，创新大大改善了我们的日常生活，改变了我们与世界沟通、工作和互动的方式。
科技英语翻译与功能对等理论论文
科技英语翻译与功能对等理论论文摘要：风格层面的功能对等主要体现在科技英语的语篇是否突出了层次的清晰、构思的严谨、措辞的简洁以及重点表达的思想等四个方面的特点，这四个特点也是科技英语翻译在翻译过程中应该遵循的基本原则和重要规范。
一、功能等理论概述功能对等理论是美国语言学家和翻译家尤金·奈达在1964年出版的《翻译科学初探》中提出来的，他提出了“形式对等”和“动态对等”两个翻译概念，其中“形式对等”是指翻译的过程中将原文的含义和特征原封不动地进行直译的翻译，或者接复制至目的文本中；而“动态对等”是翻译中用最贴切的对等语再现原来的信息，达到从语义到语体的过程。
奈达认为“形式对等”与“动态对等”的最大区别在于翻译的接受语所达到的效果，他对“动态对等”做了强调，并在此基础上提出了具有影响力的功能对等，并根据对等的程度对功能对等做了不同层次的划分，属于最高层次的功能对等是读者通过阅读译文所体会到的感想与原文的读者读到原文时所感受到的体会是一致的，这是最理想的翻译的境界。
最低层次的功能对等是实现译文读者的对原文的想象，即译文读者通过阅读译文能够想象到原文读者对原文欣赏时的心理体验，这是阅读译文最基本的要求。
功能对等理论的核心是译文读者对译文的反映，直译与意译一直是存在于翻译中具有争论的两个方面，其争论的焦点在于译文与原文之间的关系，直译要求要尊重原文，准确地翻译原文；而意译要求将原文理解后以便于读者接受的语言翻译出来。
由于原文的读者与译文的读者在接受信息方面存在一定的差异，因此，要达到原文与译文之间的真正对等是不可能的，奈达的对等功能强调的是相对意义的对等，在翻译的实践中要以语言的差异进行灵活地翻译，可以和原文有一定的出入，但是，翻译的本质还是对文本信息内涵的传递，通过相对的对等，可以避免翻译过程中一些过分关注原文而造成译文难以理解的缺陷。
二、科技英语特点及分类科技英语是指在自然科学以及工程技术方面所使用的英语，包括涉及的教科书、著作以及论文和报告等，从广义上来讲，科技英语就是所有与科学有关的英语。
科技英语翻译(1)
ENGLISH FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Historically，“three peaks”in translation movements：东汉至唐宋的Buddhism scripture 的翻译、明末清初的科技翻译、鸦片 战争至‘五四“ 的西学翻译。（ First Opium War (Britain’s invasion of China, 1840-1842） In terms of scope, quality, and contribution to the development of the nation, the current one is unprecedented.
形象生动,句式简单,强烈的审美意识， 文字生动而感人。
专业术语,正式的客观描述词汇,较长的
名词化结构,客观事实,文字严谨而客观。
2. 与英语口语文体的对比 An old lady who was listening exclaimed: It beats all how folks do things nowadays. When I was a gal, they made a hole in each end of an egg and sucked. A young lady back home from school was explaining. “ Take an egg.” She said, “ and make a perforation in the base and a corresponding one in the apex, then apply the lips to the aperture, and by forcibly inhaling the breath, the shell is entirely discharged of its contents.”
section2 1-4科技英语阅读与翻译
1 Monograph专著1. The general definition of a monographScientific treatises of book length but otherwise variable format prepared by acknowledged experts onspecialized topics for the benefit of others who have specialized in. or who wish to obtain a specialist'sappreciation of, these topics.2. The value of monographs for scientific researchesThe value of monographs lies in the coherence and comprehensiveness of the information and knowledge theycontain, which is important to the specialized researchers to whom they are directed and, therefore, to theadvancement of science and engineering generally.3. The qualities of the authors of monographsThe authors of monographs should have exceptional breadth and depth of knowledge, and must be able tocollect, collate, analyze, integrate, and synthesize all relevant contributions to the archival literature of thescientific and engineering journals and to add original material as required.4. The differences between monographs and books of conference proceedingsMonographs generally are written by specialists for the benefit of other specialists. Textbooks are pedagogicalworks which, even if written on fairly narrow subjects, are designed to serve broader and more juniorreaderships than specialized research communities.5. The differences between monographs and books of conference proceedingsConference papers commonly take the form of premature announcements of new scientific discoveries.Conference proceedings generally have a short shelf life.6. The main components of a monographThe author, title and subtitle, date of publication, dust cover or blurb, content pages, bibliography and index,illustrations, preface and introduction.7. An indication of the book’s successThe number of editions is an indic ation of the book’s success.8. The function of the blurbIt gives the reader a rapid overview of the contents and approach. It might also say what the book contains andfor whom it is written.2 Academic Journal学术期刊1. The general definition of an academic journalAn academic journal is a peer-reviewed periodical in which scholarship relating to a particular academicdiscipline is published.2. The significance of peer-review processThe peer-review process is considered critical to establishing a reliable body of research and knowledge.3. The definition of review articlesReview articles, also called “reviews of progress”, are checks on the research published in journals.4. One difference between original research articles and review articlesUnlike original research articles, review articles tend to be solicited submissions, sometimes planned years inadvance.5. The places where science journals are authoritatively rankedNatural science journals are categorized and ranked in the Science Citation Index, and social science journalsin the Social Science Citation Index.6. The possible quantitative factors to reflect an academic journal’s prestigeThe number of later articles citing articles already published in the journal, the overall number of citations,how quickly articles are cited, and the average “half-life” of articles.7. The financial resources of humanities and social science academic journalsSubsidies by universities or professional organizations and advertising fees by advertisers.8. The role of internet in the production of, and access to, academic journalsThe Internet has revolutionized the production of, and access to, academic journals, with their contentsavailable online via services subscribed to by academic libraries or even in a way of open access. 33 Organization of a Scientific Paper科技论文的篇章结构1. In most scientific journals, scientific papers include the following sectionsSummary or Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgments.2. The content of Summary or AbstractIt gives a brief background to the topic, describes concisely the major findings of the paper, and relates thesefindings to the field of study.3. The Introduction section deals with the following two pointsIt describes first the accepted state of knowledge in a specialized field; then it focuses more specifically on aparticular aspect, usually describing a finding or set of findings that led directly to the work described in thepaper.4. The purpose of Materials and MethodsIts purpose is to describe the materials used in the experiments and the methods by which the experimentswere carried out.5. The two ways of organizing ResultsIn some papers, the results are presented without extensive discussion, which is reserved for thefollowingsection. In other papers, results are given, and then they are interpreted, perhaps taken together with otherfindings not in the paper, so as to give the logical basis for later experiments.6. The purposes of the Discussion sectionThe data in the paper are interpreted; the findings of the paper are related to other findings in the field; thisserves to show how the findings contribute to knowledge, or correct the errors of previous work; some of thelogical arguments are often provided when it is necessary to clarify why later experiments were earned out.7. The reason for combining the Results and DiscussionBecause the data need extensive discussion to allow the reader to follow the train of logic developed in thecourse of the research.8. The difference between the abstracts in Science and those in NatureIn Science, the abstract is self-contained; in Nature, the abstract also serves as a brief introduction to the paper.4 Reading a Scientific Paper科技论文的阅读方法1. The order to understand the major points of the work, you should first readThe Abstract.2. Reading the Title and the Abstract serves three purposesFirst, it clarifies whether you in fact know enough background to appreciate the paper. Second, it refreshesyour memory about the topic. Third, it helps you integrate the new information into your previous knowledgeabout the topic.3. When reading in a familiar field, you can skim or even skipThe Introduction.4. The three typical codewordsData not shown, unpublished data, preliminary data.5. The poorly written papers are often related to three types of writersThose who are poor writers; those who do not enjoy writing, and do not take the time or effort to ensure thatthe prose is dear and logical; those who are so familiar with the material that it is difficult to step back and seeit from the point of view of a reader not familiar with the topic.6. The three characteristics of “bad writing”First, the logical connections are often left out. Second, papers are often cluttered with a great deal of jargon.Third, the authors often do not provide a clear roadmap through the paper.7. In better writing, the side issues are dealt with in the following waysThey are relegated to Figure legends or Materials and Methods or clearly identified as side issues, so as not todistract the reader.8. Another problem faced by the readers is that when they seek to understand just the experiment was,they may findThe authors refer back to previous papers; these refer in turn to previous papers m a long chain.。
科技论文翻译
遗传学 genetics 力学/机械学 mechanics 热动力学 thermodynamics 天文物理学 astrophysics 园艺学 horticulture 畜牧业 animal husbandry
科技英语新词
Sina twitter, weibo， tweet 微博 podcast 播客 cybersquatting 抢注域 名 cyberspace 网络空间 Tele-office 远程办公 twitern (twitter实习生)
Clarity (明确性)
Clarity greatly facilitates effective communication between these professionals.
Accuracy(准确性)
Use accurate language to express the meanings exactly and clearly in scientific studies.
vocabulary?理论科学purescience?应用科学appliedscience?模型model?假设hypothesis?现行的科学定律theworkinglawofscience?生命周期thelifecycle?方程式equation?放射性radioactivity?金属疲劳metalfatigue?人类学anthropologyvocabularyextendedreading?物理科学thephysicalscience?地球科学theearthscience?生命科学thelifescience?天文学astronomy?古生物学paleontology?海洋学oceanography?气象学meteorology?植物学botany?动物学zoology?遗传学genetics?力学机械学mechanics?热动力学thermodynamics?天文物理学astrophysics?园艺学horticulture?畜牧业animalhusbandry科技英语新词?sinatwitterweibotweet微博?podcast播客?cybersquatting抢注域名?cyberspace网络空间?teleoffice远程办公?twiterntwitter实习生?flextime弹性工作制?ecommence电子商务?ejournal电子期刊?brexit英国退出欧盟的戏谑说法tryit?itisessentialthattheoverallprogramstrategybecompletelymappedoutbeforeanyofthedetailedprogrammingactuallybegins
英语科技论文长句翻译中的常见问题和处理技巧
英语科技论文长句翻译中的常见问题和处理技巧英汉双语思维方式及语言表达习惯的不同增加了翻译的难度，特别是长句的翻译一直是英译汉中的重点和难点。
在英语科技论文翻译中，蓝译编译认为，翻译长句的过程可分为两个阶段：一是拆句即分析源语句子结构、理解内容；二是组句即整理源语句中的信息点、用目标语重新表达。
翻译实践中发现，在这两个阶段中最常见的问题，是语序问题和断句的问题。
一、语序问题的处理技巧。
英语的修饰成分多、长度长，而且多位于中心词的后面，但在汉语中定语和状语长度短，往往位于中心词之前。
翻译时就有必要对这些附属结构的顺序进行变动，维持原句的顺序肯定是不符合汉语表达习惯的。
译者要灵活运用常见的长句翻译方法，特别是综合使用顺译法和逆译法，把握信息点的重要性，考虑英汉排列信息的特点，按照各自的语言表达习惯重新排列信息。
一般来说，英语句子注重信息的主次之分，主要信息放在突出位置，次要信息作为辅助性的描写或叙述手段。
同时，英语有时态，可以通过动词的变化显出动作发生的先后顺序，而且英语大量使用分词和从句，位置也灵活，可前可后。
相比之下，汉语简单一些，叙事多借助并列结构即并列分句和并列谓语，按照时间顺序和逻辑顺序排列各成分的顺序。
汉语的信息重心并不在于形式，而体现在内在逻辑关系上。
二、断句的问题的处理技巧。
汉语多流水句，一个长句可能有多个主语，而英语中一句话只能有一个主语，因此有些情况下需要把长句断开翻译。
原文里的一句话在译文时可能分成两句或多句，尤其是在并列句中如果内容具有同等的重要性，或是相互间的关系不那么密切，往往可以分割开来。
译者首先要确定句子主干，确定原句的时态、语态、语气，从整体上把握句子结构。
然后区分主(句)从(句)，识别修饰语。
在第一步确定整个句子的中心内容的基础上分析各个分层的意思，判断分析各成分的内在逻辑关系和各自功能，搞清整个长句的层次，推断句子思维逻辑和表达重心。
分析清楚长句结构后，关键一点就是在何处断句，具体要把握以下原则：在结论、结果前断句；在句子语气变化处断开；在反问句、感叹句等句式变化处断开；在句子信息由总向分或者由分向总处断开；在分句顺序变化处断开。
科技英语论文写作及翻译
LOGO第一章记叙文体的英译与写作第二章法律文体的英译与写作第三章应用文体英译与写作第四章广告文体英译与写作QQ:105448245424学时科技英语(二)EST ⅡREFERENCES:1、张梦井，杜耀文汉英科技翻译指南，航空工业出版社，19962、王运，实用科技英语翻译技巧，科技文献出版社，19923、熊第霖，英文科技写作，国防工业出版社，20011 记叙文体的汉译英1. 1 科技论文的汉译英问题1. 2 摘要的英译与写作1. 3 国际会议文献的英译与写作1. 1 科技论文的汉译英问题一、科技论文的分类◆按学科的性质和功能⏹基础学科论文⏹技术学科论文⏹应用学科论文◆按照写作目的和发挥的作用⏹学术性论文⏹技术性论文⏹学位论文◆按论文内容所属学科数学论文物理论文化学论文天文学论文机械工程技术论文建筑工程技术论文◆按研究和写作方法理论推导型实(试)验研究型观测型设计计算型发现发明型争鸣型综述型Title标题Abstract摘要Keywords关键词Table of contents目录Nomenclature术语表Introduction引言正文Acknowledgement致谢Reference参考文献Appendix附录Methods方法Results结果Discussion讨论Conclusion结论二、科技论文的一般结构LOGOacknowledgmentReferencesTitle 标题Author 作者Abstract 摘要Introduction 引言4 Summary and conclusion三、论文标题的英译与写作1、标题的作用⏹Generalizing the Text⏹Attracting the Reader⏹Facilitating the Retrieval2、标题的长度（单词总数）及词性⏹标题不宜过长，大多为12个单词以内。
⏹标题中用得最多的是名词（包括动名词），除名词外，用得较多的是介词，有时使用形容词、冠词、连词、副词。
浅谈功能对等理论在科技英语翻译中的应用——以科技英语长句汉译为例
浅谈功能对等理论在科技英语翻译中的应用——以科技英语长句汉译为例［摘要］当今世界，科学技术迅猛发展，学习了解国外先进的科学技术对中国的发展至关重要。
我国科技英语翻译在过去二十年里取得了长足的发展，但是科技英语翻译的研究主要限制在理论层面。
奈达的翻译理论对翻译研究产生了重要的影响，功能对等理论是其翻译理论的核心概念之一。
本文将功能对等理论应用于科技英语实际翻译过程中，尤其是对科技英语长句汉译中遇到的问题进行分析。
通过分析科技英语文本在词汇、句法、语篇方面的特点，阐述了功能对等理论在科技英语翻译中的理论和实际应用，并举例分析。
通过讨论，笔者指出运用功能对等理论来指导科技英语长句的翻译，能有效提高科技英语翻译的质量。
［关键词］科技英语翻译；功能对等理论；长句汉译一、引言作为专业英语的一个子范畴，科技英语（English for Science and Technology）于上世纪五十年代出现。
第二次世界大战后，科学技术发展迅猛，英语作为国际语言广泛应用于书写科技文献、交换科研理念等。
随着全球化的发展，世界各国间的科技信息交流与交换、设备引进日趋频繁，科技翻译愈显其重要性。
因此，深入探讨研究科技翻译理论、策略和技巧，以及如何提高科技翻译的质量成为一个具有重要实践意义的课题。
（一）奈达的对等理论尤金·奈达（Eugene Nida）认为“翻译是用最恰当、自然和对等的语言从语意到文体再现源语的信息”。
［1］67奈达指出翻译有两种对等形式：形式对等(formal equivalence)和功能对等(functional equivalence)。
［2］167奈达强调翻译过程中应注意源语语意和形式的双重对等，而非仅仅强调语意对等。
这意味着在翻译过程中，译者在真实准确表达源语信息时，还要兼顾形式、文体等方面的对等。
（二）科技英语文体的特点科技英语作为一种实用性极强的文体，与通用英语有很大的不同。
随其发展，科技英语逐步演变成一个独立分支，具有其独特的特点。
英文科技专题文章范文(热门3篇)
英文科技专题文章范文(热门3篇)英文科技专题文章范文第1篇One way to get noticed is Reuben Smith Vaughn, another American college graduate. The most popular majors in this university are English, business and economics. Sitting here, he hears the real Emptiness: Bachelor's degree or above, major in machinery or trade.Our textbook is new international business English published by Cambridge University Press. How do you deal with training, becoming a celebrity and homework? I'm Li San from Jiujiang. I'm a fresh graduate majoring in Business English, with bachelor's degree or above in mining or business English Mechanical or business majors give priority to college education with Japanese as major, plus practical experience in translating business documents for homework.Write a letter to your parents and tell them about your life in college,.中文翻译：一个能引起注意的方法是鲁本·史密斯·沃恩，另一个美国大学的毕业生。
从认知角度谈科技英语中的隐喻翻译方法论文
从认知角度谈科技英语中的隐喻翻译方法论文隐喻是指将两种不同概念的事物通过含蓄、映射或婉转的表达方式到达形象比喻的言语行为，是“人类将其某一领域的经历用来说明或理解另一类领域的经历的认知活动”。
隐喻的认知理论认为，人的思维的根本特征就是隐喻的，而且“所有的语言都具有隐喻性”。
隐喻“不只是存在于语言之中，它还存在于人们的思想和行动之中，存在于人们生活的每一个方面”。
认知是形成隐喻的根底。
隐喻的精炼、新奇、间接和婉转等特点均为增加语言的修辞效果提供了可能。
在翻译实践中。
隐喻的理解与应用是建立在原语作者与目的语读者之间共享概念的根底上的。
也就是说他们必须对喻体有共同的认知，因为隐喻的本质就是用一种事物理解和体验另一种事物。
现代隐喻学认为：隐喻不仅是语言现象。
而且是一种思维方式，是人们认识客观世界的工具，是人类生存和认知的根本方式之一。
隐喻植根于语言、思维和文化中，它利用人们熟知的事物类比陌生的事物，以到达认识新事物的目的。
理查兹在定义隐喻时提出：要决定某词是否用作了隐喻，可以通过确定它是否提供了一个本体和一个喻体并共同作用，从而产生了一种包容性的意义。
因此。
隐喻的构成有3个要件：主体、喻体和喻义。
主体指喻体所依附的对象，喻体指用于比喻形象主体的术语，喻义指主体与喻体之间所共有的相似之处。
一般情况下，隐喻中的喻体是人们较为熟悉的事物。
隐喻的理解过程通常是将喻体的特征映射到本体上，以喻体与本体之间的相似性作为意义转移的根底。
而喻义那么是喻体的局部特征向本体转移的结果。
隐喻作为一种常见的语言现象。
它涉及语言文化、社会心理等。
从外表上看，隐喻句表达的是语言的美感，其实更重要的是它充分表达了作者或说话者对事物的观察能力、鉴赏水平、文化修养、生活阅历等。
在翻译中能否处理好这个语言现象对于在译文中忠实地、全面地再现原文的话语信息是个十分关键的问题。
从隐喻的认知特点来分析。
翻译就是将一种文化中的语言所表现的认知方式用目的语传递到另一种文化中去的过程。
浅析科技英语特点及其翻译方法
浅析科技英语特点及其翻译方法【摘要】随着科技的迅速发展和对外交流的日益广泛，科技英语翻译逐渐成为一门重要学科，本文主要介绍了科技英语的词汇和语法特点，结合翻译理论，从英译汉的角度举例分析和探讨了科技英语的翻译方法和技巧。
【关键词】科技英语词汇特点语法特点翻译方法和技巧随着现代科学技术的日新月异，对外科学技术相互交流的日益频繁和不断扩大，科技翻译需求量不断增加，因而，科技英语翻译越来越受到人们的广泛关注，掌握科技英语的翻译方法及技巧已成为掌握先进科学技术的一个重要条件，其意义不言而喻。
科技英语翻译工作者需要将翻译理论与科技领域基础知识和科技英语特点有机结合为一体才能在科技迅猛发展的今天更好的发挥其作用。
一、科技英语及其翻译概述科技英语(English for Science and Technology，简称EST)是一种重要的英语语体，也称作科技文体，由于科技英语既涵盖自然科学领域的各种知识和技术，也包括社会科学的各个领域，用其撰写学术著作、论文、实验报告、专利产品的说明书等，因此要求其具有专业性强、逻辑严密、语言严谨、数据精确等特点，从而决定科技英语中过多的使用专业术语、长句、词性转换、被动句和非谓语动词。
众所周知，翻译是把一种语言所表达的思维内容用另一种语言表达出来的跨语言、跨文化的语言交际活动，即这一过程不仅仅包括语言形式的转换，还要涉及到文化的转换。
因此，在科技英语翻译过程中，除了具备英语翻译扎实深厚的功底外，同时还必须深入熟知所译领域的专业基础知识和相关专业术语，了解和掌握科技英语的特点及翻译方法和技巧，从而达到准确、客观的还原原文。
二、科技英语的特点为了能准确、简洁、明了的叙述自然现象和事实及其发展过程、性质和特征，要求科技英语具有客观性、准确性和严密性，注重叙事逻辑上的连贯及表达上的明晰与畅达，避免行文晦涩。
科技英语力求平易和精确，避免使用旨在加强语言感染力和宣传效果的各种修辞格，以免使读者产生行文浮华、内容虚饰之感。
英语议论文范文带翻译
英语议论文范文带翻译In the modern era, technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, and its influence on education is profound and multifaceted. The integration of technology in classrooms has transformed the way teachers teach and students learn. It has opened up new avenues for interactive and personalized learning experiences that were previously unimaginable.Firstly, the use of educational technology, such as interactive whiteboards and tablets, has made learning more engaging for students. These tools allow for dynamic presentations and real-time interaction, which can cater to different learning styles and pace of understanding.Secondly, online learning platforms have democratized education by providing access to a wealth of knowledge and resources to students regardless of their geographical location. This has been particularly beneficial for students in remote areas who previously had limited educational opportunities.Thirdly, the advent of artificial intelligence in education has introduced adaptive learning systems that can tailor the learning experience to the individual needs of each student. These systems analyze student performance and adjust the difficulty level and pace of learning accordingly, ensuring that no student is left behind.However, it is also important to acknowledge the challenges that come with the integration of technology in education. Issues such as digital divide, where some students lack access to necessary technological resources, and concerns over student privacy and data security, need to be addressed.In conclusion, while the integration of technology in education presents challenges, its benefits in enhancing the learning experience and providing equal opportunities for all students are undeniable. As we move forward, it is crucial to find a balance that maximizes the advantages of technology while mitigating its potential drawbacks.在现代社会，科技已经成为我们日常生活不可或缺的一部分，它对教育的影响深远且多方面。
关于科技用途与影响的英语作文约一百字左右
关于科技用途与影响的英语作文约一百字左右
Technology has transformed the way we live, work, and communicate. From smartphones and social media to artificial intelligence and smart home devices, technology has become an integral part of our daily lives. It has improved efficiency, connected people across the globe, and opened up new possibilities in various fields. However, technology also brings challenges such as privacy concerns and over-reliance on devices. Despite its impact, technology continues to shape the world and drive innovation in countless ways.
中文翻译：
科技已经改变了我们的生活、工作和交流方式。
从智能手机和社交媒体到人工智能和智能家居设备，科技已成为我们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。
它提高了效率，连接了全球各地的人们，并在各个领域开辟了新的可能性。
然而，科技也带来了挑战，如隐私问题和对设备的过度依赖。
尽管其影响巨大，但科技仍在以无数方式塑造世界，并推动创新。
英语科技论文(5篇)
英语科技论文(5篇)英语科技论文(5篇)英语科技论文范文第1篇1.较多的新词词汇量。
据统计显示，英语也许有两百万左右的词汇量，其中新词大约占到了50%左右的比例，而且每年都会有大约15001600个的新词和新义会进入到计算机数据库中。
现代的农业科技渐渐的取代了传统的农业，因此传统农业渐渐朝着精准农业的方向进展。
在现代农业中信息技术得到了广泛的运用，许多崭新的词汇也不断的涌现出来，比如防滴过滤系统、促进生态修复、建设资源节省型、环境友好型社会等。
2.较强的专业性。
在长期的工作实践中，每个行业都具备各自的惯用语和术语，作为一门具有较强综合性的学科，农业包括的渔业、牧业、副业、林业以及农业等。
其中的专业词汇具有很强的专业性，假如缺乏肯定的专业背景，在翻译一些专出名词的时候就很简单会消失误会的状况，甚至会消失严峻的翻译错误。
比如美国所谓的"亚洲鲤鱼'实际上是我国的鲢鱼。
二、农业科技翻译中的问题和缘由由于无法变通翻译程序或者专业学问储备不够，一些翻译者在翻译农业科技文章的时候，忽视了两种语言之间存在的差异，因此使得翻译出来的句子变成了英式汉语或汉式英语，并且常常闹出许多笑话。
导致这些问题存在的缘由主要包括以下几点。
1.没有储备足够的农业专业学问。
我们都知道，现在许多翻译人员都是在英语相关专业毕业的，很少了解相关的农业学问，所以许多的望词生义的现象消失在了实际的翻译过程中。
比如在对landreform进行翻译的时候应当将其翻译成"农业改革'或者"草地改革'，而不应当翻译成"'。
"肥'这个常常消失在高校《土壤学》课程中的词假如处于不同的语境就会有不同的翻译方法，例如肥料应当翻译成为fertilizer，追肥应当翻译成为topdressing，底肥应当翻译成为basemanure。
假如在进行农业专业翻译的过程中，翻译人员只具备了肯定的语言基础，却缺乏过硬的专业学问，就很简单消失各种错误。
科技的利弊英语作文范文(通用3篇)
科技的利弊英语作文范文(通用3篇)【xxxx--作文征文】作文是人们经过思维和语言组织，用文字表达主题的一种叙事方式。
作文分为小学作文、中学作文和大学作文论文。
写作风格包括：叙事性、说明文、实用性和议论文。
以下是为大家整理的关于科技的利弊英语作文的文章3篇,欢迎品鉴！科技的利弊英语作文篇1In recent years there has been a vast increase in the number of students choosing to study abroad. This is partly because people are more affluent and party due to the variety of grants and scholarships which are available for overseas students nowadays. Although foreign study is not something which every student would choose, it is an attractive option for many people.Studying overseas has a number of advantages. Firstly, it may give students access to knowledge and facilities such as laboratories and libraries which are not available in their home country. Furthermore, by looking abroad students may find a wider range of courses than those offered in their country’s universities, and therefore one which fits more closely to their particular requirements.On the other hand, studying abroad has a number of drawbacks. These may be divided into personal and professional. Firstly, students have to leave their family and friends for a long period. Furthermore, studying abroad is almost always more expensive than studying at one’s local university. Finally, students often have to study in a foreign language, which may limit their performance and mean they do not attain their true level.In my opinion, however, the disadvantages of studying abroad are usually temporary in nature. Students who study abroad generally become proficient in the language quite soon and they are only away from their family and friends for a year or two. Furthermore, many of the benefits last students all their lives and make them highly desirable to prospective employers.作文参考翻译近年来，出国留学的学生数量有了很大的增长。
英文学术论文翻译-中英文对照(三)
•These new measures will, we believe, increase the people’s purchasing power and lead to thriving financial and commercial conditions rather than make a mess of the country’s finances as some people argue.
一、主谓单句
汉语的主谓单句，从外形结构 上来看，跟英语的“主谓”结构是 相似的，但它的主语和谓语表达却 与英语有许多不同的地方。所以翻 译汉语主谓单句时，至少应注意几 个问题。
1、防止主语的机械对应。 中国近几年来发生了巨变。 ①There have been great changes in China these years. ②These years have seen (witnessed) great changes in China. ③Great changes have taken place in China these years. ④China crackles with the dynamics of changes these years.
汉语的基本句型及其翻译
汉语造句以名词为重心，以词组、散句和 分句为手段，善于按时间、逻辑顺序进行横 排式叙述，有时断句不严，外形松散。有人 称汉语是时间型的动态结构，主要体现于形 式自由，富于弹性。
英语则以“主—谓”主干结构为重心来统 领各种语言成分，句界分明，外形严密。 因此，汉语各种句型译成英语时，不仅在 逻辑关系上而且在外形上都应该体现出英语 句法结构的特点。
2-3 Reversing • 1）沿路都是小商店。 Small shops dot the way. • 2）他这样悍然行事使我们非常气恼。 Hot anger burned in our minds against him at his rashness.
科技改变劳动英语作文
科技改变劳动英语作文Technological advancements have revolutionized the landscape of labor, transforming traditional jobs and creating new ones.From automation to artificial intelligence, these innovations have not only increased efficiency but also reshaped the way we work.科技进步彻底改变了劳动市场的面貌，将传统职业进行了革新，同时也催生了新的工作机会。
从自动化到人工智能，这些创新不仅提高了效率，还重新定义了我们的工作方式。
In the era of smart factories and digital economies, workers must adapt to these changes by upskilling and reskilling to remain relevant.This shift demands a growth mindset and a willingness to embrace lifelong learning.在智能工厂和数字经济的时代，工人必须通过提升技能和重新学习以适应这些变化，以保持自己的相关性。
这一转变需要具备成长心态，并愿意接受终身学习。
However, the rise of technology in the workplace also raises concerns about job displacement and increased inequality.It is crucial for governments, businesses, and educational institutions to work together to ensure a smooth transition and address the challenges that arise.然而，职场中科技崛起也引发了对就业岗位流失和加剧不平等的关注。
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2013040391116On Translating of Passive Voice inScientific and Technology EnglishWang Jin DunA Paper Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirementsfor the Degree of B. A.Supervised byChen Zhi WeiCollege of Foreign Languages and LiteratureBeiJing LiGong UniversityMay, 2017重声明本人呈交的学位论文，是在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果，所有数据、图片资料真实可靠。
尽我所知，除文中已经注明引用的容外，本学位论文的研究成果不包含他人享有著作权的容。
对本论文所涉及的研究工作做出贡献的其他个人和集体，均已在文中以明确的方式标明。
本学位论文的知识产权归属于培养单位。
本人签名：日期：摘要论文首先简短地介绍了一下科技英语翻译的特点，说明了被动语态在科技英语翻译中的重要地位，鉴于汉语和英语中的被动语态句子意义有很大的差别，本文讨论了被动语态自身有什么样的语言特点以及如何正确使用被动语态。
值得注意的是，译者在翻译之前应该弄清楚句子的结构，译者应该有自己的认知基础,而不是盲目翻译,应符合他们的认知。
而且翻译技巧也很重要，英语被动语态翻译成中文的技巧可以帮助英语学习者更好地理解英语文章的流畅性和表达。
其次讲述了被动语态在科技英语中的使用和它在科技英语中所起的作用以及为什么被广泛使用。
本文最后重点探讨了在翻译科技英语中被动语态应遵循的原则和方法。
只有通过这些翻译技巧将英语被动句翻译成汉语主动语态,才能使科技英语的翻译更加平滑并且符合汉语的表达。
关键词：被动语态科技英语翻译AbstractFirstly,this paper briefly introduces the characteristics of translation of Science and T echnology English (later referred to as EST),and explains what a important role the passive voice plays in EST at the same time. Secondly, the passive voice in Chinese and English has great differences in the value of sentence meaning，the paper discusses how we should use passive voicecorrectly and what kind of linguistic features does passive voice have. It is significant that translator should understand what the deep structure is in English before translating the passive voice in EST, and translator should have their own cognitive grounds rather than blindly translate, which should be in accordance with their cognition. What’s more, translation skills are also very important. The skills of translating English Passive voice into Chinese can help English learners better understand the fluency and expression of English articles.Thirdly it analyzes the use of passive voice in EST, its significant effects in EST and why it is widely applied in science and technology English. Finally, this paper focuses on the translation principles and skills that should be followed in the translation of passive voice in EST. Only by using these translation techniques to translate passive sentences in English into active voice in Chinese,can Chinese translations be smoother and conformer to Chinese expressions.Key Words: passive voice，scientific English，translationCONTENTSI. Introduction (1)II. The Application of Passive Voice in EST. (2)2.1 Brief introduction to technology English (3)2.2 The role of passive voice in scientific English (4)III. The Translation of the Passive Voice in EST (4)3.1 Principles of translation (4)3.2 Translation Skills of Passive Voice in Scientific English (7)IV. Conclusion (8)Works Cited (10)I. IntroductionScience and technology English focused on describing the facts and reasoning. "Objectively true and accurate expression" is the soul of scientific articles. Scientists and technical workers are more likely to use the passive voice, and not to mention a specific person. As J.Perlmutter said, "science writer writing text undid personal feelings, leaving himself in the position of the background, which is very traditional, excluding personal pronouns, and stressed that works." English for science and technology is an important technology in the English style. English exposition and argumentation based on science and technology, is the basic characteristics of English for science and technology such as the extensive use of technology jargon, the single semantic and rigorous. English words, In addition to the large number of professional terms, English for science and technology also uses some classic sentences. According to statistics, about a third of Science and T echnology English text use the passive voice .First, the introduction of passive voice1.1 Use of passive voice(A) The use of passive voicePassive voice is not a simple variant to the active voice, although it can replace the active voice, without changing the meaning of the sentence. Use the active voice or passive voice depending on the object that we want to emphasize. In an active sentence, the doer is the focus. But in the passive sentence, mover becomes the focus.Therefore, the passive voice is a grammar tools that transform the object of transitive verb into the subject , in order to emphasize the object. Passive voice is highlighted by the mover.1.2 language features of Passive VoiceVoice refers to the relationship between subject and predicate in a sentence. Only transitive verbs can be used in passive voice.Passive Voice consists of the "be" verb and the past participle of the transitive verb. The following sentences can show the relationship and the common sentence pattern between the active and passive voice and the general passive voice, the progress passive voice and the complete passive voice .The butter is kept here. (general passive voice)Your can is being repaired by a machine. (progress passive voice)II.The Application of Passive Voice in EST.As mentioned above, passive voice is widely used in scientific English. This is not only because the passive sentence is more objective, but also because of the syntactic features of science and technology English.The passive voice is a basic part in grammar, and easy to learn. The useof a large number of passive voice in science and technology English，is not in pursuit of artistic beauty of the language, but in pursuit of objective and concise the narrative, rigorous structure, the translator should enhance the reader impressed the thing and get rid of unnecessary things. According from Leeds John Swales the Statistics University , at least 1/3 predicates in science and technology English is dynamic. This is because the scientific articles focus on narrative reasoning, emphasizing the objective and accurate. The involvement of the first person, will cause a subjective impression. So try to use the third person narration, and the passive voice. For example:when we say, attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine. (working temperature of the machine), and you will pay attention to the working temperature of the machine. (you must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine). In addition, the main information of technology will be placed in front, as the subject.In order to understand better the role of passive voice in scientific English, we should be familiar with the use, function and characteristics of science and technology English first.2.1 Brief Introduction to Technology English2.1.1 Language Features of technology EnglishWith the development of science and technology and the gradual deepening of global economic integration, the importance of scientific and technological English has become increasingly prominent. Unlike ordinary English, science and technology thinking is not emotional, but objective. It makes it easier for the reader to understand the original text without the need for too much imagination. Because of the nature of science and technology and scientific style of translation standards, the passive voice is widely used in scientific text translation. The passive voice in English for science and technology was used in high frequency, therefore, the passive voice translation is a vital part.Technology English is an English that the wordis not limited, but has its own unique style, its own characteristics. The following is the language features of science and technology:2.1.2 Lexical Features of Scientific EnglishA lot of professional terms. The meaning of those professional terms is relatively specific, so it is easy to understand in translation practice.Nominalization trend. Nominalization can help reduce the use of clauses so that the article can be clearer, more intuitive, and objective.2.1.3 Syntactic Features of Scientific EnglishExtensive use of passive voice. The purpose of technology English is to describe things, phenomena or processes. Its concern is the thing itself, it does not need to pay attention to the actor. The use of passive voice will make the reader concerned about the object, so that they can focus on their analysis and research, which in the technical English is very necessary.Use complex long sentences. It is necessary to express closely related concepts in scientific English, and at the same time, science and technology emphasizes rigorous reasoning and accurate description, which will inevitably use complex long sentences.Use conditional sentences and ellipses. Quotations and assumptions are often used in scientific English, resulting in extensive use of conditional sentences. In order to make the language more concise, usually use the omitted sentence.2.1.4 The impact of passive voice on these featuresAs shown above, science and technology thinking is not emotional , not doping individual actor, but is objective, so the use of the voice should also be objective. Passive voice is often used to express objective facts. In the expression,the third person can be avoided, which will ensure the objectivity of the sentence.Therefore, the use of passive language in scientific English can ensure that its expression is objective. On the other hand, it also makes the language features of science and technology more obvious.2.2 The Role of Passive Voice in Scientific EnglishPassive voice is a common grammatical phenomenon in scientific English. Foreign linguist Quirk Randolph has pointed out that at least one third of verbs in physical, chemical and engineering books use passive voice. Passive voice can be better than the active voice to describe the object, that is, the object on the sentence is the most important seat to attract more attention. At the same time, the passive voice does not have subjectivity active voice. In general, passive voice is more important in setting themes, linking text, and highlighting and comparing information.By comparing with the active voice, we will find that the use of passive voice not only emphasizes the subject, but also can make the article more coherent, cohesive more closely. It should be noted that in the passive sentence, the main information will be placed in the forefront of the sentence. The focus will be on the subject's position to highlight its importance.III.The Translation of the Passive Voice in EST3.1 Principles of translationAs everyone knows, English and Chinese have differences in grammar and usage. The use of the passive voice in the two languages are not the same. So, to translate the passive voice in English into Chinese, we should master the skills, to avoid stiff and unnatural words , lost or distorted the original English meaning . And in the translation of the English passive sentences we can not use the so-called word to word translation or stick to the original sentence, in the translation of passive voice in EST, but be flexible in use of various translation skills.The translation must be based on Chinese grammar and habits,be translated into active sentences ,or be translated into the passive sentence in Chinese, The translator must unitize the form and content of the original version , and make sure that content and form comply with the original Chinese way of expression. What’s more, content should be objectiveand accurate. According to teaching experience, the translation of passive voice can be classified four types:In fact, the translator tend to use active sentences to translate English passive sentences into active sentences in Chinese, the following is kind of the situations of translation :Now, we already know the reasons why passive voice is widely used in the scientific English. For those countries which are not English-speaking , good translation is very important in order to understand the meaning of English in science and technology. So what is a good translation? Alexander Fraser T yler, a well-known British translator, has ever proposed three major translation principles: the translation should be complete the original style of writing; translation style and writing should be the same as the original; translation should be easy for readers to understand the original. These three principles are important criteria for good translation.T echnology English has its own unique characteristics. Good technical English translation should achieve its unique functional characteristics. Thus, the translation of passive voice in scientific English must follow this goal. What principles should be followed in the translation of passive language in science and technology? The following two principles are of the utmost importance to professional English for science and technology.English imperative sentences often omit a subject. However, Chinese doesn’t have a subject in many cases. It’s an important difference between Chinese and English.English passive sentences with modal verbs can be translated into no subject the Chinese sentence. In fact, this statement is not accurate enough, the author thinks that only the English expression is specific place specific things or express specific views, attitudes, requirements and so on, at the same time, the implicit semantics of the doer is or is the subject of life, in this way the translation.3.1.1. Faithful to the originalThis principle means that the target language should be exactly the sameas the source language meaning.As we know, technology English is a functional variant in modern English. It is used to disseminate knowledge of natural sciences and social sciences. Its main function is to convey meaning. Translation, the most important thing is to clearly, accuratly translate the original meaning.3.1.2. Keep the original styleT echnology English is different from narrative, prose, poetry, it is only objectively describing a problem. It aims to convey objective facts to the reader. On the other hand, in terms of words, science and technology often choose to use accurate words, so as to avoid ambiguous or word polysemy situation. It is clear and has a clear structure. Therefore, when translating, the translator should make the target language consistent with the style of the source language.3.2 Translation Skills of Passive Voice in Scientific EnglishThe translation principle is intended to provide a translation standard. Good translation methods should follow the following principles:3.2.1 Transform the voiceAs long as the passive sentences in English can be translated into active sentences in Chinese, they should be translated into active sentences, or they should be translated into other structures, which is more in line with the Chinese people's habits.(1) Translated into the form of active sentences(2) Translated into a complete active sentence3.2.2 AddingBecause English passive sentences always emphasize what happened, without emphasizing who did it, usually omit the subject. Quirk has pointed out that about four kind of the English passive sentences do not indicate the actor, but the Chinese is the opposite. So if necessary, subject should be added. Use this method in the supplementary subject can be the original meaning of the full, fluent expression.（1）Add pronouns or nouns "they", "you", "we" and "someone" as the subject.（2）The passive sentences of those who have no action, and words like "this article", "this book" and "this procedure" may be supplemented when necessary.IV. ConclusionAlthough this article provides specific translation principles and techniques, we should not be limited to the original sentence, but rather to use a variety of translation skills. We also need to be able to solve problems through new methods, such as through the Internet and some translation software.The purpose of translation is to better convey the meaning and thought of the original text. So the translation of passive sentences in science and technology English , we should grasp two things: (1) to accurately understand and grasp the meaning in original sentence ; (2)accurately express the original the meaning of the sentence in Chinese . If you do these two points well, then no matter how complex, we can translate is into real, standard Chinese. sentence is,In short, the translation of passive sentences in scientific English is a process of practice and accumulation.Works Cited[1] Neal Peter.A T extbook.of Trstation [M]. London: Prentice Hall International (K) Ltd, 1988.67-75.[2] QuiHc Randolph.A Com prehensive Grmmar of the English Language [M], London: Longm an G roup L im ited, 1985.129-130.[3] Wolfram W iiss. Science of Trstation: Problem s and M Methods [M] .Shanghai: ShanghaiForeign Language Education Press, 2001.22-25. [4] Chen,Meilian.[美莲]. 谈科技英语中被动语态的翻译技巧[J].行政学院学报.2006, (6): 45-47.[5] Feng,Qinghua.[庆华].实用翻译教程[M].：外语教育, 2002.90.[6] Han，Qin.[琴].科技英语的特点与翻译[J].：中国科技翻译, 2007, (8): 33-40.[7] Han，Yali, Han，Zhongli.[娅莉，忠利].科技英语中的被动语态技巧[J].现代教育科学杂志, 2009, (1) 29-30.[8] Huang，Zhengling.[黄正玲].科技词汇词汇特征[J].广播电视大学, 2009, (1): 35.[9] Peng，Yuehua.[月华].现代科技新词语的特点与翻译[J].中国科技翻译, 2005, (2) .。