研究生英语答案(湖大考试专用)

Unit 1.

When today ' high-school seniors are asked what they plan to do after graduation, most say that they intend to get a bachelor's degree. They have been told that their generation has only “ one way fcygetting at least a bachelor 'degree, in the hope that it will eventually lead to a professional job.

In a recent survey of high-school seniors conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics,85 per cent of the respondents said they planned to get a bachelor's degree. And, although 20 years ago only 45 per cent of high-school graduates went on to college, today 68 percent actually matriculate, with the majority enrolling in four-year or two-year programs designed to allow them transfer to four-year institutions .

According to conventional wisdom, the rapid rise in the number of students attending college is cause for national celebration . But our research suggests that instead , it may be cause for national concern. Why? Because for many young people, the “torueinvaaradigm 例子)is not realistic , given their academic talents and the labor-market projections. Students ranking below the top third of

their high-school graduating class too

often fail to earn as bachelor

purpose of preventing the US from bombing the place.

3. Nobody in the family is more dedicated to operating the real estate

business than Judy.

— .Because of the economic depression, real estate agents are in the dilemma of whether to lower prices or let sales fall off.

5. More often than not, Mr. Smith earns great profits by careful

investment of his capital.

6. John did not make much of a mark in his studies at school, but he

excelled at sports.

7.Ordrly transition of responsibilities is a condition for the long-range

prosperity of a family business.

8. You had better have a clear picture of prospects before formulating a

plan for investment.

9. Although sculpture is a time-consuming art, there are still some

people following it as a profession.

10. The software company is in the midst of being transformed from an

individual proprietorship to a joint venture.

Unit 3 .

automobile move America through work and play. Wheels spin, and people drive off to their jobs. Tires turn, and people shop for the week food at the big supermarket down the highway. Hubcaps whirl, and the whole family spends a day at the lake. Each year more wheels crowd the highways as 10 million new cars roll out of the factories. One out of every six Americans works at assembling cars, driving trucks, building roads, or pumping gas. America without cars ? It ' s unthinkable.

But even though the majority of Americans would find to imagine what life would be like without a car; some have begun to realize that the automobile is a mixed blessing. Traffic accidents are increasing steadily, and large cities are plagued by traffic congestion. Worst of all, perhaps, is the air pollution caused by the internal-combustion engine. Every car engine burns hundreds of gallons of fuel each year and pumps hundreds of pounds of carbon monoxide and other gases into the air. These gases are one source of the smog that hangs over large cities. Some of these gases are poisonous and dangerous to one ' s health, especially for someone wit a weak heart or a respiratory disease.

One answer to the problem of air pollution is to build a car that does not pollute. That ' s what several major automobile manufacturers are trying to do. But building a clean car is easier said than done. So far progress has been slow. Another solution is to eliminate car fume altogether by getting rid of the internal-combustion engine. Inventors are now working on turbine-powered cars, as well as on cars powered by steam and electricity. But most of us won ' t be driving cars run on batteries or boiling water for a while yet. Many auto makers believe that it will take years to develop practical models that are powered by electricity or steam.

Key to the translation from Chinese to English:

1. The automobile was improved very rapidly after it was invented and soon displaced horses.

2. We may have to cut down on the number of privately owned cars and depend more on public mass transit systems because cars pollute and maim or even kill people.

3. While wheels (automobiles) have brought with them better or more convenient transportation, they are guilty of many sins, such as air pollution, traffic accidents and traffic congestion.

4. Americans are noted for their love for cars and great job mobility.

5. If only advances in fuel quality and efficiency and in technology would radically reduce the emissions from automobiles.

6. A highly developed highway network has made possible the easy movement from coast to coast in the United States.

7. The very thought of the speed at which the beautiful avenue was constructed electrified every visitor; the road had only recently been torn

covepyto lay drain-pipes not long ago.

8. Environmentalists have denounced automobiles, believing they are a major factor in the production of dirty air.

9. Many new residential complexes have risen up in the suburbs of

drug treatments for specific illness to improving the overall quality of life . To accomplish that mission, Eisai developed a wide array of new products. And that, in turn, would require broad involvement and commitment. He encouraged innovative activity and created an environment in which employees ' efforts would be accepted and rewarded .Soon there were proposals for 130 additional HHC projects and by the end of 1996, 73 projects were under way . Now, the company has moved from sixth to fifth place in the Japanese domestic pharmaceutical industry, and Eisai customers and competitors view the company as a leader in health care. Key to the translation from Chinese to English:

1. He is an experienced banker and an acknowledged trade expert, not to mention an excellent managing director.

2. Regardless of danger, volunteers from an Italian organization for peace have gone to Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, to form a "body shield" for the transportation.

10. Despite their love for cars, many people lend credence to the extensive use of the public transport system, which can cut down on traffic congestion.

Unit 4 .

Children are now leaving home in late adolescence —an earlier age than in the past. Adolescents are no longer involved in making an economic contributiontcsthe family. In fast, there major economic impact is as consumers. Therefore, the family has little reason to keep the child home as an economic contribution. It is becoming increasingly common for young people to leave home for college or to live with someone else when they become employed. Not only do family have fewer children but they have them in school and out of the home at younger ages than in the past.

's degree if they enroll in college. Th&oday it can be said that wheels run America. The four rubber tires of the cost of such failure ------- i n both dollars and unmet expectations -------- i s

rising and beginning to erode public confidence in our system of higher

education.

Key to the translation from Chinese to English:

1. Today's university students are struggling to establish themselves, but

they still have ambiguous feelings about their future.

2. A man cannot find himself without finding a center beyond hi. So the

idealism of the undergraduate experience must help the student transcend

himself.

3. We eagerly hope that the lessons leaned in the university will reveal

themselves in our performance in the workplace and further education.

4. It cannot go unchallenged to say that the 4-year undergraduate

experience is the only path to success in life.

5. We run the risk of making critical decisions, not on the basis of what we

know, the findings of investigations, and the data of experiments, but on the

basis of blind faith in professed experts.

6. Our task needs a large group of well-informed, caring young people who

can band together, learn from each other, and actively participate in the four

modernizations.

7. If it is to endure, the new school should help the students not only

acquire a sold basic education and become competent in a specific field, but

also be ready to commit themselves to others.

8. It is not too much to say that if undergraduates excessively devote

themselves to examinations, the will push competence and commitment to the

fringes.

9. I didn't even speak to him; much less discuss the reconstruction of your

school with him.

10. Some people think examinations are second to none, but some think

examinations have a lot of disadvantages. Examinations leave us an open

essential question --- what influence do examinations exert on education? Unit

2 .

A small family-owned company, Eisai, was one of the original manufacturers of

vitamin E, and it maintained a strong research commitment to natural

pharmaceuticals. Over the years, it developed drugs for the treatment of

cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurological diseases. The company

experienced steady, modest growth, and in 1992 sales reached 197 billion yen

and profits approached 13 billion yen. Although it was the sixth-largest

Japanese pharmaceutical company, Eisai was a relatively small player in an

industry in which global competition was increasing while growth in the

domestic market was slowing down.

In 1993, Haruo Naito took over as president from his father. Before that, he

had chaired Eisai -ys^ivsirategic planning committee. During that

time, he had become convinced that the company ' focus on the dis

and manufacture of pharmaceuticals was not sustainable for long-term growth

against large, global competitors .Two years after becoming president , Naito

formulated a radical new vision for Eisai that he called Human Health Care . It

extended the company

'focus from manufacturmetropolitan cities because of the availability of convenient public