高中英语解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系

解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系

1因果关系

文中前后句之间是因果关系时，两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联词，

如：because, so, as a result等；但是，有时两句之间却没有表示因果的信号词，

这时前后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。

[例1] He might not have done this particularly well, 46 the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good ear and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there appealed to him. (2017年江苏卷)

46. A. because B. but

C. though

D. so

解析：本题考查表示前后句之间逻辑关系的连接词。句意：他也许弹（钢琴）得并不特别好，因为老师说他对音乐的领悟能力不错，并建议他去乐器贮藏室看

看是否有令他喜欢的乐器。他弹得不够好，也许是因为钢琴不太适合他，是因果

关系，故选A。

[例2] They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. (2017

年北京卷)

36. A. jumping B. eating

C. crying

D. waving

解析：后一句中的“the man was homeless and hungry（这个男人无家可归且饥

肠辘辘）”表示原因，本句表示结果，即前果后因。由因推果，可知“他们看见一

个男人正在捡垃圾桶里的食物吃”，故选B。

2条件关系

条件关系就是指从句提出一种条件，主句说明在这种条件下产生的结果。常

见关联词有if, unless, on condition that等。

[例3] “I can help, Mum！” James said. “

44 I can make you and Dad feel better, can Brett come over? Please？” (2014年江西卷)

44. A. As B. If C. Since D. Before

解析：“如果我能让你和父亲感觉好一点儿”与“Brett能过来吗？”是条件与结

果的关系，故选B。

[例4]The children of Nome would be 37 if it (a deadly infectious disease mainly affecting children) struck the town. Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. (2016年北京卷)

37. A. harmless B. helpless

C. fearless

D. careless

解析：由从句条件推知主句结果。由“如果这种（主要传染给孩子的致命的）

疾病袭击了这个镇子”可推知，“Nome镇的孩子们就会很无助了”，故选B。

3让步关系

一般说来，让步关联词分为介词类和连词类。介词类的让步关联词有despite，in spite of, regardless of等，连词类有though，although，as和while以及even if, even though等。

[例5]Looking around, he continued, “Cathy has inspired

us with her will and

财enthusiasm. 33 skills and talents bring great success, the most valuable asset(富)one can hold is the heart.”

(2016年天津卷)

33. A. Although B. Since

C. Once

D. Because

解析：由主句“the most valuable asset(财富)one can hold is the heart (然而，一

个人拥有的最大财富是内心)”可推知空格所在句句意为“虽然或尽管技巧和天赋

能带来巨大的成功”，故选A。

[例6]Hard though she tried to make the kids 40 ， the thunder won the battle for their attention. (2013年重庆卷)

40．A. concentrate B.change

C．hide D．sit

解析：考查通过让步关系推断出正确答案。根据though可知，前后分句之间

为让步关系。句意为“尽管她尽力让孩子们集中注意力，雷声却吸引了孩子们的

注意力”。故选A。

4转折关系

当前后两句的逻辑关系为转折关系时，前句往往提出某种事实或情况，后句

转而陈述与前句相反或相对的意思，即后句才是说话人所要表达的真正意图。

常见关联词：however, but, on the contrary等。

[例7] We went 10—1 and I was named most valuable player, _____48_____ I

(2016年全国Ⅱoften had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s accident.卷)

48. A. and B. then C. but D. thus

解析：“我被命名为最有价值的运动员”与“我常做恶梦被责备”是转折关系，

故选项C正确。

[例8] Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. 38 , the closest supply was over 1, 000 miles away, in

Anchorage. (2016年北京卷)

38. A. Moreover B. Therefore

C. Otherwise

D. However

解析：因“韦尔奇医生迫切需要药品来预防小孩子们患病”与“最近的药品供应

站也在一千英里之外的安克雷奇”为转折关系，故选D。

[例9] The lessons they learned may not be 40 what they would have gotten in school，but are certainly more personal and meaningful，because they had to work them out on their own. (2015 年全国Ⅱ卷)

40．A. harmful to B．mixed with

C．different from D．applied to

解析：由转折连词but后一分句可推知整句的句意为“她们学到的经验可能与

将在学校得到的并无区别(different from)，但一定更加个性化，更有意义，因为

她们必须靠自己来弄清楚”，故选C。