高中英语解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系

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解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系

解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系

解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系1因果关系文中前后句之间是因果关系时,两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联词,如:because, so, as a result等;但是,有时两句之间却没有表示因果的信号词,这时前后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。

[例1] He might not have done this particularly well, 46 the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good ear and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there appealed to him. (2017年江苏卷)46. A. because B. butC. thoughD. so解析:本题考查表示前后句之间逻辑关系的连接词。

句意:他也许弹(钢琴)得并不特别好,因为老师说他对音乐的领悟能力不错,并建议他去乐器贮藏室看看是否有令他喜欢的乐器。

他弹得不够好,也许是因为钢琴不太适合他,是因果关系,故选A。

[例2] They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. (2017年北京卷)36. A. jumping B. eatingC. cryingD. waving解析:后一句中的“the man was homeless and hungry(这个男人无家可归且饥肠辘辘)”表示原因,本句表示结果,即前果后因。

由因推果,可知“他们看见一个男人正在捡垃圾桶里的食物吃”,故选B。

2条件关系条件关系就是指从句提出一种条件,主句说明在这种条件下产生的结果。

高考完形填空的四种逻辑

高考完形填空的四种逻辑

完形填空四种逻辑转折逻辑1.文中转折:当上下文中出现but, yet, however, nevertheless(nonetheless), though,while, whereas,by(in) contrast, in comparison, conversely,on the contrary, despite,in spite of,instead,rather than等表示转折关系的词时。

2.选项转折:当选项中出现but,yet,however,nevertheless,though,despite,in spite of 等字样时。

Nevertheless ADV You use nevertheless when saying something that contrasts with what has just been said.然而例:Although the market has been flat, residential property costs remain high. Nevertheless, the fall-off in demand has had an impact on resale values.尽管市场一直疲软,房价持续偏高。

然而需求的减少还是对二手房价格产生了影响。

Whereas而(引导与主句内容相对比的评论)CONJ例:Benefits are linked to inflation, whereas they should be linked to the cost of living.救济金与通货膨胀联系了起来,而它们应该与生活费用挂钩。

Conversely 相反地ADV例:Malaysia and Indonesia rely on open markets for forest and fishery products. Conversely, some Asian countries are highly protectionist.马来西亚和印度尼西亚依靠开放的市场获取林业和渔业产品。

完形填空逻辑关系整理

完形填空逻辑关系整理

完形填空逻辑关系整理一、逻辑关系题1.对立关系【前后内容的含义相互对立】●表示对立关系的标志词汇:while,whereas,unlike,contrary to,in contrast (to),rather than,on the contrary,by contrast, of,not...but...,against,ignore,conversely,opposite等2.转折关系【对立关系的一种】●与对立关系的区别:对立关系的两方完全相反,转折关系只要前后意思不一致即可●表示转折关系的标志词汇:but,however,yet,nevertheless,while,otherwise等●说明:由于转折关系以及让步关系都可以属于对立关系,所以表示这三种关系的部分标志词汇有时可以通用3.让步关系【对立关系的一种;让步即为退一步说,即使条件变了也不影响结果】●比转折关系的程度要浅一些●表示让步关系的标志词汇:although,though,while,even,even though,evenif,in spite of,anyway,despite,regardless of等4.一致性关系【前后内容表意一致,如并列关系】●并列关系●与对立、转折、让步关系相反,只要文章前后句语义一致,便是并列关系。

或者,只要看到表示并列关系的标志词汇,就可以判断出文章前后句的语义一致●表示并列关系的标志词汇:also,besides,along with,indeed,and,likewise,or,not only...but also...,(n)either...(n)or...,that is to say,similarly,in the same way,the same as,as well as,like,meanwhile等●其他一致性关系【没有表示并列关系的词汇,也没有表示对立、转折、让步等关系的标志词汇时,基本可以判定上下文之间存在一致性】●上下文语义一致【没有对立、转折、让步等逻辑关系时,可以默认上下文之间为并列或顺承关系,即上下文语义一致】●前后词类一致【在某一特定场景下用到同一类词】●感情色彩一致●同义复现【上下文中出现过与空格里所需选择的词相一致的词语或者与空格所在句子相一致的句型】5.递进关系【并列关系的一种,程度更深】●表示递进关系的标志词汇:indeed,above all,furthermore,what's more,moreover,still(与比较级连用时),instead,even,in particular等6.因果关系【包括因和果两个部分】●表原因:because,in that,now that,since,as,for,after all,as a result of,considering that,seeing that等●表结果:so(...) that(...),such that,as a result,lead to,consequently,therefore,hence,thus,so等7.总分关系/举例关系#非常重要●前后讲的是同一件事情,前面总述(通常有复数名词),后面分述(通常有单数名词),或者前后是同一个范畴内的事物,前总后分;或前面提到了一个较为抽象的事物或概念,后面将其具体化,实现从抽象到具体的过程●表示总分关系的标志词汇:for example,for instance,such as,to illustrate,like(比如),to take an example,let’s imagine,more specifically speaking,according to,in particular(放在例子后)等8.条件关系【一部分提到了某个条件或假设,其他部分则说明在这种条件或假设下会产生何种结果】●表示条件关系的标志词汇:if,so long as,only if,unless,as long as,supposethat,supposing,provided that,in case,when,with等9.列举关系●表示列举关系的标志词汇:first,second,last,to begin with/to continue,next,first/then,on one hand/on the other hand,for one thing/for another,one/another,some/others/still others等10.解题方法●同义相斥原则(看选项)●while,whereas都表示对立关系,但同时出现时,因为while比whereas更正式,故选择while●indeed和其他表示递进关系的标志词汇相比,更加注重强调,因此当逻辑关系是递进逻辑时,选择indeed●not题:在空格(题目)前后出现“not”单词●选择表示对立/转折/让步关系的标志词汇●除第一段以外的段首如果让填逻辑关系词,则选择对立关系词;若无对立关系词选项,则选择递进关系词●如果逻辑关系词前后内容有包容性,即总分关系,则选择举例关系词二、动词题1.根据主语和宾语的逻辑关系做题2.看主语—是人还是物●主语必须是人的动词:doubt,intend,require,regard,be impressed by,believe,notice等●主语必须是物的动词:manifest等●主语可以是人或物的动词:show等3.看宾语—是人还是物●只能跟人作宾语的谓语动词:assure,impress,side with(赞同),share with等●可跟人跟物的动词:ensure,agree with等●说明:在确定选项范围缩小至assure与ensure时,选择ensure;同理,在确定选项范围缩小至side with与agree with时,选择agree with4.看宾语—是抽象名词还是具体名词●抽象名词作宾语:enhance(quality)等●具体名词作宾语:fasten(系紧),label(贴标签),feed等●宾语既可以是抽象名词也可以是具体名词:tighten等●说明:在确定范围缩小至fasten与tighten时,选择tighten5.根据动词后的介词及介词后的宾语三、形容词题1.形容词作定语时,形容词修饰的名词是解题线索2.形容词作表语时,主语就是解题线索3.形容词修饰名词时,并且名词后有定语或同位语,则形容词修饰的名词、名词后的定语或同位语同时作为解题线索4.副词修饰形容词时,副词就是解题线索四、名词题1.名词作主语时,谓语和宾语就是解题线索2.名词作宾语时,主语和谓语就是解题线索3.名词作表语时,主语就是解题线索4.名词被定语修饰时,定语就是解题线索5.介词后填名词时,通常考察固定搭配五、副词题1.根据副词所修饰的对象来做题2.根据副词所在语境来做题3.根据文章中心来做题。

中考完形填空中的逻辑关系与上下文连贯技巧

中考完形填空中的逻辑关系与上下文连贯技巧

中考完形填空中的逻辑关系与上下文连贯技巧完形填空作为中考英语考试的一项重要题型,要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系选择合适的词语或短语填入空白处,使文章内容通顺连贯。

掌握一些逻辑关系和上下文连贯的技巧对于正确解答完形填空题具有重要意义。

本文将介绍一些常见的逻辑关系和上下文连贯的技巧,帮助同学们在中考中取得更好的成绩。

一、递进关系递进关系是指文章中的信息或观点逐步发展或加深的关系。

在解答完形填空题的过程中,我们通常需要注意寻找递进关系,选择与前文逻辑上衔接的选项。

例如:Once upon a time, there was a boy named Jack. Jack lived with his parents in a small village. He was very poor, but he was also very kind and brave. One day, he found a bag of gold coins in the woods.1._______________根据第二句话中的信息,这是个关于描写Jack的人物形象的故事。

我们需要选择一个递进关系,与Jack拾金不昧的品质相符。

A. He was surprised and decided to keep it for himself.B. He was dishonest and decided to sell them for a lot of money.C. He was honest and decided to return it to its owner.D. He was scared and decided to throw it away.答案:C二、因果关系因果关系是指一个事件或情况导致另一个事件或情况发生的关系。

在完形填空题中,我们需要通过观察文中的因果关系,选择能够使文章逻辑连贯的选项。

例如:Last summer, I went to the beach with my family. We had a great time swimming and building sandcastles. However, I didn't put on enough sunscreen. The sun was very strong that day and as a result,2._______________通过观察“sun was very strong”和“didn't put on enough sunscreen”两句之间的因果关系,我们需要选择一个可以表达“因为没有涂防晒霜,所以结果发生了什么”这个逻辑关系的选项。

高中英语完形填空答题技巧

高中英语完形填空答题技巧

高中英语完形填空答题技巧高中英语完形填空答题技巧1.充分利用首句信息完形填空题首句往往不设空,往往是全文的关键句,或者称为主导句,要充分利用完形填空题首句的提示作用,利用它为解题找到一个突破口,从而展开思维。

2.多角度的逻辑推理完形填空题的解题过程首先是一个阅读的过程,必须把握作者的思路,通过联想、推测等方法,多换角度去思考问题,使自己的思维模式与作者的思维模式相吻合。

3.从上下文寻找线索通读全文,理顺大意,根据上下文找出信息词是做好完形填空题的关键。

近年高考试题逐渐摈弃单纯的语言分析考查,而越来越侧重逻辑推理判断。

就空格而言,体现了以实词为主、虚词为辅的特点,而且几乎不暴露明显的语言错误,词语在特定的语境中所表达的陷含信息大都无法只凭字面或单从个别句子甚至若干句子的表面理解获知。

因此,只有借助于上下文乃至全文语境的启示或限定才能够准确作出判断。

4.利用语法分析解题对语法、词法等基础知识的考查也是完形填空题的命题角度之一。

对于这种题,要针对地对语法结构、句式特点、对短文中所设空格中需填的词在句子里作什么成份、哪类词适合、应采取什么形式等等进行必要的分析思考,从而迅速解决问题。

比如,选用动词就要考虑各种时态、语态、语气、主谓搭配以及其如何与其他词类使用等一系列问题。

5.利用文化背景和生活常识解题做题时,若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识,注意中西方文化方面存在的差异,将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程,节省宝贵的时间,顺理成章地选出正确的答案。

6.习惯用法和词语辨析对词汇知识的考查主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两个方面。

习惯用法是英语中某些固定的结构形态,不能随意变动。

而在众多的习语当中,介词往往扮演最活跃的角色,其次是副词。

词义辨析题的比重有加大的趋势,多为常用词、词组。

7.语篇标志的利用语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语,如:表示结果层次的语篇标志firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally等;表示逻辑关系的有thus,therefore,so 等;表示改变话题的有bytheway等;表示时间关系的有before,sofar,yet,now,later等。

江苏高考英语二轮复习专题突破:专题二 完形填空第五讲 逻辑关系

江苏高考英语二轮复习专题突破:专题二 完形填空第五讲 逻辑关系

piano and found it 42.easy to pick out tunes.
40.A.Therefore
B.However
C.Thus
答案 B [此处是D说.M,oGreaobvreirel在一次音乐课上意外发现自己
很喜欢音乐,此处所表达的含义与上一段是转折关系,故选
B。]
5.对比关系 当前后句的逻辑关系为对比关系时,两句在意义上应具有明 显的差异,以便进行对照比较。常见关联词:while, whereas, not...but, instead等。
manage管理。]
3.让步关系 一般说来,让步关联词分为介词类和连词类。介词类的让步 关联词有despite,in spite of, regardless of等,连词类有though, although,as和while以及even if, even though等。
[典例3] (2019·宿迁市高三期末测试) When Lyndsay and Matthew took home their newborn twins a
teacher told Gabriel that he had a good 47.ear and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there 48.appealed__to him. 46答.A案.becaAuse [句意:B他.bu也t 许弹(钢琴C).得tho并ug不h 特别好,因D为.s老o 师
__24__ them.If they run out of certain daily necessities,Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed.If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never __25__ to buy them a meal. 24答.A案.assisAt [根据上B文.w可atc知h,他不仅提供C搭.u载rg服e 务,当D学.w生a遇rn

英语完形填空做题技巧

英语完形填空做题技巧

英语完形填空做题技巧1、结构判断法结构型问题主要包括句型、句式、连接词的选择等,解题时要运用句法知识,把握关键词,从而做出迅速正确的判断。

完形填空题中有很多是利用语法的正确性与逻辑的排斥性间的矛盾来设计的。

完形填空中常考的逻辑关系主要有:(1)转折、让步关系:这种关系表明后一种观点或事实与前一种观点或事实相比有些出乎意料。

常见的表示转折、让步的词或词组有:but,still,yet,however,though,although,no mattet,in spite of,anyway,even if等。

(2)因果关系:表示原因的连词或词组有:because (of),due to,owing to,thanks to,since,for,as等。

表示结果的连词或词组有:so,therefore,then,as a result,in consequence,consequently,thus等。

(3)对比、比较关系:对比观点或事物间的差异性,比较观点或事物间的同一性。

表示对比的词或词组有:in contrast,by contrast,on the contrary,conversely,unlike,oppositely等。

表示比较的词或词组有:like,in comparison,compare…with,as,just,as等。

(4)递进、补充关系:这种关系表示对前一事实或观点做进一步阐述)常用的词、词组有:moreover,likewise,besides,in addition,also,too,not only…but also,apart from,what's more等。

2、搭配判断法根据对以往试题的分析,搭配型考题在完形填空题中占的比例最高。

搭配型问题主要测试常见搭配的熟练程度,比如说哪些词要搭配不定式、动名词或某种从句。

哪些词必须与某个介词搭配。

例题1:I grew up in a community called Estepona. I was 16 when one morning, Dad told me I could drive him into a 1 village called Mijas, on condition that I took the car in to be 2 at a nearby garage. I readily accepted. I drove Dad into Mijas,and 3 to pick him up at 4 pm, then dropped off the car at the 4 . With several hours to spare, l went to a theater. 5 , when the last movie finished, it was six. 1 was two hours late!I knew Dad would be angry if he 6 I’d been watching movies. So I decided not to tell him the truth. When I 7 there I apologized for being late, and told him I’d 8 as quickly as I could, but that the car had needed a major repairs. I’ll never forget the 9he gave me. “I'm disappointed you 10 you have to lie to me, Jason.”Dad looked at me again. “When you didn’t 11 , I called the garage to ask if there were any 12 , and they told me you hadn’t yet picked up the car.”I felt 13 as I weakly told him the real reason. A 14 passed through Dad as he listened attentively. “I'm angry with 15 . I realize I’ve failed as a father. I’m going to walk home now and think seriously about 16 I’ve gone wrong all these years.” “But Dad, it’s 18 miles!” My protests and apologi es were 17 . Dad walked home that day. I drove behind him, 18 him all the way, but he walked silently.Seeing Dad in so much 19 and emotional pain was my most painful experience. However, it was 20 the most successful lesson. I have never lied since.1. A. lonely B. small C. distant D. familiar2. A. kept B. washed C. watched D. serviced3. A. agreed B. planned C. determined D. promised4. A. village B. community C. garage D. theater5. A. However B. Then C. Therefore D. Still6. A. realized B. found out C. thought D. figured out7. A. went B. ran C. walked D. hurried8. A. started B. left C. arrived D. come9. A. word B. face C. look D. appearance10. A. find B. decide C. believe D. feel11. A. turn up B. drive out C. go away D. come out12. A. questions B. problems C. mistakes D. faults13. A. ashamed B. frightened C. nervous D. surprised14. A. nervousness B. sadness C. silence D. thought15. A. you B. myself C. me D. yourself16. A. where B. how C. why D. when17. A. meaningless B. useless C. helpless D. worthless18. A. asking B. persuading C. begging D. following19. A. physical B. practical C. personal D. natural20. A. indeed B. always C. also D. almost答案1—5 CDDCA 6—10 BDDCD 11—15 ABABB 16—20 ABCA例题2:The survey about childhood in the Third World shows that the struggle for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world, children can 36 from a differentkind of poverty—of the spirit. 37 , one Western country alone now sees 14,000 attempted suicides(自杀) every year by children under 15, and one child 38 five needs psychiatric(心理) advice.There are many good things about 39 in the Third World. Take the close and constant relation between children and their parents, relatives and neighbors for example. In the West, the very nature of work puts distance between 40 and children. But in most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each day to work in offices. 41 , the child sees mother and father, relations and neighbors working 42 and often shares in that work. A child 43 in this way learns his or her role through joining in the community’s 44 : helping to dig or build, look after animals or babies—rather than 45 playing with water and sand in kindergarten, keeping pets 46 playing with d olls.These children may grow up with a less oppressive sense of space and time than the 47 children. Their sense of days and time has a lot to do with the change of seasons and positions of the sun or the moon in the sky. Children in the rich world 48 , are provided with a watch as one of the 49 signs of growing up, so that they can 50 along with their parents about being late for school times, meal times, bed times, the times of TV shows...Third World children do not usually 51 to stay indoors, still less in high-rise apartments. Instead of dangerous roads, “keep off the grass”signs and “don’t speak to strangers”, there is often a sense of 52 to study and play. Parents can see their children outside rather than observe them 53 from ten floors up.54 , twelve million children under five still die every year through hunger and disease. But childhood in the Third World is not all 55 .36. A. come B. learn C. suffer D. survive37. A. As usual B. For instanceC. In factD. In other words38. A. by B. in C. to D. under39. A. childhood B. poverty C. spirit D. survival40. A. adults B. fathers C. neighbors D. relatives41. A. Anyhow B. However C. Instead D. Still42. A. away B. alone C. along D. nearby43. A. growing up B. living through C. playing D. working44. A. activity B. life C. study D. work45. A. by B. from C. through D. with46. A. and B. but C. or D. so47. A. Eastern B. good C. poor D. Western48. A. at any moment B. at the same timeC. on the other handD. on the whole49. A. easiest B. earliest C. happiest D. quickest50. A. care B. fear C. hurry D. worry51. A. dare B. expect C. have D. require52. A. control B. danger C. disappointment D. freedom53. A. anxiously B. eagerly C. impatiently D. proudly54. A. Above all B. In the end C. Of course D. What’s more55. A. bad B. good C. rich D. poor答案36—40 CBBAA 41—45 CDADC 46—50 CDCBA 51—55 CDACA例题3:Even though it was only October, my students were already whispering about Christmas plans. With each passing day everyone became more __36__, waiting for the final school bell. Upon its _37____everyone would run for their coats and go home, everyone except DavidDavid was a small boy in ragged clothes. I had often _38___what kind of home life David had, and what kind of mother could send her son to school dressed so __39__ for the cold winter months, without a coat, boots, or gloves. But something made David __40__. I can still remember he was always __41____a smile and willing to help. He always __42__after school to straighten chairs and mop the floor. We never talked much. He__43___just simply smile and ask what else he could do, then thank me for letting him stay and slowly__44___homeWeeks passed and the __45___over the coming Christmas grew into restlessnes s until the last day of__46__before the holiday break. I smiled in ___47 __as the last of them hurried out the door. Turning around I saw David ___48___standing by my desk.“I have something for you ”he said and ____49____from behind his back a small box .__50___it to me, he said anxiously, “Open it ”I took the box from him ,thanked him and slowly unwrapped it. I lifted the lid and to my __51__saw nothing. I looked at David‘s smiling face add back into the box and said,“The box is nice ,David ,but it’s__52__”“Oh no it isn’t”said David.“It’s full of love. My mum told me before she died that love was something you couldn’t see or touch unless you know it’sthere.”Tears filled my eyes ___53___Iooked at the proud dirty face that I had rarely given____54___to. After that Christmas, David and I became good friends and I never forgot the meaning ___55___the little empty box set on my desk36. A. anxious B. courageous C. serious D. cautious37. A. warning B. ringing C. calling D. yelling37. A. scolded B. wondered C. realized D. learned39. A. modestly B. naturally C. inaccurately D. inappropriately40. A. popular B. upset C. special D. funny41. A. expressing B. delivering C. wearing D. sharing42. A. practised B. wandered C. studied D. stayed43. A. would B. should C. might D. could44. A. aim at B. turn to C. put off D. head for45. A. argument B. excitement C. movement D. judgment46. A. school B. year C. education D. program47. A. relief B. return C. vain D. control48. A. weakly B. sadly C. quietly D. helplessly49. A. searched B. found C. raised D. pulled50. A. Holding B. Handing C. Sending D. Leaving51. A. delight B. expectation C. appreciation D. surprise52. A. cheap B. empty C. useless D. improper53. A. as B. until C. because D. though54. A. advice B. support C. attention D. command55. A. from B. behind C. over D. towards答案:36-40 A B B D C 41-45 C D A D B 46-50 A A C D B51-55 D B A C B例题5:39.A.fare B.possession C.money D.wealth40.A.strangely B.happily C.secretly D.fortunately41.A.unsatisfied B.weak C.unhappy D.excited42.A.explained B.declared C.admitted D.found43.A.get off B.start C.get on D.stop44.A.begged B.scolded C.praised D.thanked45.A.request B.action C.suggestion mand46.A.Unless B.Although C.Until D.When47.A.attacking B.bothering C.blaming D.wronging48.A.warned B.whispered C.shouted D.repeated49.A.problem B.need C.matter D.reason50.A.spending B.collected C.remaining D.borrowed51.A.busy B.cold C.hard D.fearful52.A.giving B.wearing C.taking D.forcing53.A.forgotten ed C.earned D.returned54.A.move B.increase C.lighten D.carry55.A.world B.journey C.smile D.friendship答案 36.D 37.B 38.A 39.C 40.D 41.C 42.A 43.A 44.A 45.D 46.D 47.B 48.C 49.D 50.C 51.C 52.B 53.A 54.C 55.B。

高考英语完形填空解题需考虑的十种逻辑关系讲义

高考英语完形填空解题需考虑的十种逻辑关系讲义

2.条件关系
条件关系就是指从句提出一种条件,主句说明在这种条件下产生 的结果。常见关联词有if, unless, on condition that等。
[例3] “I can help, Mum!” James said. “ 44 I can make you and Dad feel better, can Brett come over? Please?” (2014年江 西卷)
[例2] They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. (2017年北京卷)
讲义 2020.1
语篇是由一些意义相关的句子根据一定的逻辑 关系组织起来的语义整体。语篇衔接中的逻辑 关系非常重要,因为它能展现出作者的写作思 路和篇章的意义。
高考对逻辑关系的考查主要有两种: 一是考查逻辑关系的关联词;
二是考查通过逻辑关系来推断出正确的答案。因此, 解题时,一定要重视语篇中前后句或上下文之间的逻 辑关系,由逻辑关系中已知的部分推断出未知的部分, 从而大幅提高解题能力。
1.因果关系
文中前后句之间是因果关系时,两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联 词,如:because, so, as a result等;但是,有时两句之间却没有表示因 果的信号词,这时前后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。
[例1] He might not have done this particularly well, 46 the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good ear and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there appealed to him. (2017年江苏卷)

解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系

解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系

解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系作者:李进才来源:《广东教育·高中》2017年第10期语篇是由一些意义相关的句子根据一定的逻辑关系组织起来的语义整体。

语篇衔接中的逻辑关系非常重要,因为它能展现出作者的写作思路和篇章的意义。

高考对逻辑关系的考查主要有两种:一是考查表示逻辑关系的关联词;二是考查通过逻辑关系来推断出正确的答案。

因此,解题时,一定要重视语篇中前后句或上下文之间的逻辑关系,由逻辑关系中已知的部分推断出未知的部分,从而大幅提高正确率。

高考英语完形填空中主要有以下十种逻辑关系:1. 因果关系文中前后句之间是因果关系时,两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联词,如:because,so,as a result等;但是,有时两句之间却没有表示因果的信号词,这时前后句之间存在一种隐性的因果关系。

[例1] He might not have done this particularly well, 46 the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good ear and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there appealed to him. (2017年江苏卷)46. A. because B. but C. though D. so解析:本题考查表示前后句之间逻辑关系的连接词。

句意:他也许弹(钢琴)得并不特别好,因为老师说他对音乐的领悟能力不错,并建议他去乐器贮藏室看看是否有令他喜欢的乐器。

他弹得不够好,也许是因为钢琴不太适合他,是因果关系,故选A。

[例2]They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. (2017年北京卷)36. A. jumping B. eating C. crying D. waving解析:后一句中的“the man was homeless and hungry(这个男人无家可归且饥肠辘辘)”表示原因,本句表示结果,即前果后因。

高中英语完型填空10大解题技巧

高中英语完型填空10大解题技巧

高中英语完型填空10大解题技巧高中英语完型填空10大解题技巧1.跳读首尾句进行预测一般来讲,高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。

先跳读这两句,便可判断体裁,猜想它要讲什么。

若首句交代了when, where, who, what,即四个W,那么就是记叙文,很可能就是一个故事;若首句是提出或解释说明某事物,一般来说是说明文;若首句提出一个论点,那么就是议论文。

首句往往开宗明义,是文章的主题。

细读首句可启示全文。

而尾句又往往是对文章主题的总结。

所以,它们是了解文章大意的一个窗口,对我们理解全文有着重要的启示作用。

2.利用语法分析解题完形填空虽然以语境填空为主,但也有部分考查语法项目的题目。

对于这类题,考生可以利用平时所学的词汇知识,分析单词(组)的使用范围、动词的及物和不及物,并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识全面衡量所有选项排除干扰。

3.利用固定搭配解题完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查,主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。

习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态,即所谓的“习语”,不能随意改动。

所以,考生平时应掌握好习惯用法。

对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势。

要做好这类题,需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨析能力,特别是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的能力。

4.利用固定句型解题完形填空虽然注重考查语境理解,但同时也会考到一些固定句型,考生掌握好这些句型,对确定题目的答案很有帮助。

5.利用复现信息解题语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。

语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象,如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现,结构同现,同义同现,修饰同现,因果同现等。

因此,利用上下文寻找解题信息,确定正确答案。

6.利用跳读法解题一般而言,完形填空要填的20空中总有一些空是相对简单的。

对于这类空格考生可以先将其确定下来,之后再逐个去突破其他空。

跳过那些不太容易得出答案的题。

英语完形填空解题技巧

英语完形填空解题技巧

完形填空解题技巧1根据首句信息. 首句往往不设空,它是了解全文的关键,由此可以判断文章的大意或主题.2.根据行文逻辑关系推导主旨脉络当选项是表示文章的起承转合,上下连贯等逻辑关系的词语时,我们要正确判断上下句子逻辑关系.上下句子逻辑关系:(1)表示平行或递进关系的连接词有:and, or, also, as well (as), likewise, similarly, at the same time, both... and..., besides, furthermore, in addition (to), moreover, worse still等。

这些连接词表明下文将出现与前面同类性质的内容,或是对前面内容的进一步阐述。

【例1】When Alice started to cycle home from Jenny’s house, she wasn’t nervous. She was certainly not afraid of the dark. _____, it was only a 15-minute ride home.A. HoweverB. BesidesC. ThereforeD. Otherwise(2)表示转折关系的连接词有:although, but, however, instead, nevertheless, on the contrary, otherwise, to the opposite, while, yet, unfortunately等。

这些连接词表明下文讲述的将是相反的或全新的内容或观点,需要格外注意。

此时应放慢阅读速度,多留心上下文在意义上的转变。

【例2】Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment. ___, it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way.A. HoweverB. MoreoverC. InsteadD. Therefore(3)表示目的或因果关系的连接词有:as, as a result, because (of), consequently, due to, for, now that, since, so, so... that..., such... that..., therefore, thus等。

完型填空十大逻辑关联词

完型填空十大逻辑关联词

1、并列关系:and and also or neither …nO 既不.. 也不) either …ornot only …but also 不 但 .. 而且) likewise ( 同样的 / 照样的 / 又也 ) similarly (同样的 / 类似的) equally (相等地 / 平等公平地) same asas well as (也 / 又) in the same way (同样地) 说 / 就是说 / 更确切地说)2 、递进关系:also (也,同样) then (当时 / 在那时 / 因而 / 然后 / 于是) besides ( 此外 / 除 外 ) in addition (另外) additionally (加之 / 又) moreover (而且 / 此外) what is more (更甚者)furthermore (此外 / 而且) indeed ( 含有强调的递进 )3 、因果关系:Because for since ( 以后 / 以前 / 自从 / 因为 / 既然 ) as thus (因而 / 从而 / 这样 / 如此) hence (因此从此) in order that ( 强调目的和因果的一种因果 ) therefore (因此 所 以 ) so that ( 所 以 ) so such that consequently ( 因 此 / 从 而 )=haccordingly due to (由于 / 应归于) thanks to (由于) as a result (结果)/on accountvof (无论如果 / 总之) =in response to (响应 / 适应) =because of now that (既然) in that (由于 / 因为 / 既然) =lest (惟恐 / 以免) 为) considering that4 、转折关系:But /however ( 无论如何 / 可是 / 然而 / 仍然 ) /yet (仍 / 至尽 / 但是 / 然而) /by contrast /on the contrary (正相反) / contrarily (反之 / 相反地 / 反对地) /on the other hand ( 偶尔可表转折,语气很轻 ) / unfortunately (不幸地)5 、让步关系:Although (虽然尽管) =though /even though (即使) =even =even if /in spite of (不that is to say (即 / 就是 / 换句话 = because/seeing that (因管) /despite (不管 / 尽管 / 不论) /nevertheless (然而 / 不过 / 仍然) /much as (非常像 /和 .. 一样) /anyhow (无论如何 / 总之) =anyway6、例句关系:[First / second /last of all (最后)] [some /another (其他) ] [first /next ] [first /then ][in the first place (首先) /in the second place (其次) /finally (最后) ][to begin with (首先 / 本来) /to continue /next ] [on one hand /on the otherhand ][for one thing / for another] [one /anther ] [somes /others/still others (还有其他) ]7、时间关系When /whenever (无论如何 / 随时 / 只要) /while(一会 / 当 .. 时候 / 虽然) /as /before /after /untiltill /simultaneously (同时的) /at the same time /in the mean time /since8、条件关系:If /only if (刚刚好 / 恰好) /if only (只要) /unless (如果不 / 除非) /otherwise (另外 / 否则 / 其他方面的)suppose (推想 / 假设 / 即使 .. 结果会怎样) / supposing (假如) / provide (供应 / 准备) / provided (倘若) / withas soon as '…/as long (只要/ 在. . 时/in case (万/when /whenever (无论何时 / 随时 / 只要)9 、对比关系While (一会 / 时间 / 当 .. 时/ 虽然)/whereas like (然而 / 反之 / 鉴于 / 尽管 / 但是) /unlike (不同的/ 不相似的/ 不像/ 和. 不同)/compared with(比较 , 相比 , 比喻) / in comparison with (与 ... 比较) / as rather..than(选前不选后)+v. / instead of + v.ing(选前不选后)/ not ..but (选后不选前)10 、举例关系:For example /for instance (例如) /such as (例如 ..., 象这种的) /of these/among (在 .. 之中 / 之一) /to take an example /to illustrate /say /as an example /as an instance/as an illustration(说明 / 例子 / 图解)as a case / let ' s imagine想象 / 设想)/ more specifically (特定的 / 明确的) speaking。

2020届二轮复习 专题二 完形填空第五讲 逻辑关系 课件

2020届二轮复习 专题二 完形填空第五讲 逻辑关系 课件

10.时间关系 时间状语从句常由when, while, after, before, as soon as等引导。解题时一定要认真 研究前后句之间的逻辑关系,结合语境推断出最佳选项。
4.转折关系 当前后两句的逻辑关系为转折关系时,前句往往提出某种事实或情况,后句转而 陈述与前句相反或相对的意思, 即后句才是说话人所要表达的真正意图。常见 关联词:however, but, on the contrary等。
[典例4] (2017·江苏卷)
For a long time Gabriel didn’t want to be involved in music at all.In his first years of
[典例3] (2019·宿迁市高三期末测试)
When Lyndsay and Matthew took home their newborn twins a few days after
Christmas 2016, they knew that baby William’s days would be short.__16__ he looked
[典例5] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
The professor was deaf and any talking was 57.prohibited.I soon realized that the
silence was not unpleasant.__58__, if there had been any talking, it would have
[典例10] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
__58__ you climb into an arctic-like zone with 59.permanent snow and the glaciers

完形填空十大解题技巧

完形填空十大解题技巧

完形填空十大解题技巧全文共四篇示例,供读者参考第一篇示例:完形填空是英语考试中常见的一种题型,要求考生根据上下文的语境来选择正确的单词或短语填入空白处,以达到完整理解文章的目的。

虽然完形填空在表面上看似简单,但实际上却需要考生具备一定的语言综合能力和技巧。

下面就为大家介绍十大完形填空解题技巧,希望对大家备考有所帮助。

一、通读全文在开始解答完形填空题之前,我们应该首先通读一遍整篇文章,把握大意以及文章的主题和结构,这样有利于我们对文章的整体把握,从而更好地填写空白处。

二、注意上下文逻辑关系在填写空白处时,我们应该注意前后文之间的逻辑关系,尤其要注意上一句话和下一句话的衔接关系,这样有利于我们选择正确的答案。

三、根据词性选择词语在填写空白处时,如果前面是一个形容词,则后面可能会跟一个名词;如果前面是一个动词,则后面可能会跟一个副词等,我们可以根据词性的搭配关系来选择正确的答案。

四、排除干扰项有些选项是故意设置的干扰项,与上下文不相符,我们应该学会排除这些干扰项,选择更符合文意的答案。

五、注意代词和指代在填写空白处时,要特别注意代词的使用,及时找到代词所指代的名词,并选择正确的词语填入空白处。

六、注意固定搭配和习惯用语在填写空白处时,有时我们可以根据固定搭配和习惯用语来选择正确的答案,因为这些词语常常构成固定的表达方式。

七、注意时态和语态在填写空白处时,要特别注意句子的时态和语态,根据上下文的时态和语态来选择正确的答案,避免出现不一致的情况。

八、理解文章主题和结构在填写空白处时,要结合文章的主题和结构全面考虑,选择符合这两方面要求的答案,从而更好地填写空白处。

九、选项比较法有时不确定答案时,我们可以通过比较各个选项,尽量选取最符合文意的答案,避免选择不合适的答案。

十、多做练习最重要的是多做练习,积累经验,熟悉题型,掌握解题技巧,这样才能在考试中更加游刃有余地解答完形填空题。

通过以上十大完形填空解题技巧的学习,相信大家对完形填空题的解答会有更深入的理解,希望大家能够在考试中取得好成绩。

高中英语完形填空题的解答技巧

高中英语完形填空题的解答技巧

解题技巧完形填空题有一定的难度。

有的同学虽然做了很多的完形填空题练习,但做题效果却不尽如人意。

究其原因在于没有从中总结并掌握一定的解题技巧,导致做题不得要领,正确率不高。

对此,笔者结合有关实例,分析了高中英语完形填空题的若干解题技巧,以供同学们参考。

一、利用逻辑关系,紧扣标志词利用逻辑关系是完形填空题的有效解题技巧之一。

英语文章逻辑性强,句子之间、段落之间常会存在转折、对比、并列、因果等逻辑关系。

所以,在解答完形填空题时,同学们要注意结合上下文语境,紧扣关联词,挖掘内在逻辑关系,从而选出正确的答案。

常用的逻辑关联词则有:①表示并列关系:and,or,as well as等;②表示对比关系:while,whereas,rather than等;③表示转折关系:but,however,contrarily等;④表示让步关系:although,though,even though等;⑤表示因果关系:because,so,therefore,accordingly等;⑥表示递进关系:what’s more,then,even,besides,furthermore等。

比如,As times passed,some rituals were,butthe stories,later called myths,continued to exist and pro-vided material for and drama.A.celebratedB.followedC.spreadD.abandoned此句出现了“but”这一标志词,由此可以知晓句子之间存在转折关系。

这样结合语境,不难推断出空格处所填写的词应与“continued to exist(继续存在)”意义相反,即“舍弃不用的”。

综观四个选项,celebrated,意为“庆祝”;followed,意为“追随”;spread,意为“传播”;abandoned,意为“被遗弃的”,故选项D正确。

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解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系1因果关系文中前后句之间是因果关系时,两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联词,如:because, so, as a result等;但是,有时两句之间却没有表示因果的信号词,这时前后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。

[例1] He might not have done this particularly well, 46 the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good ear and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there appealed to him. (2017年江苏卷)46. A. because B. butC. thoughD. so解析:本题考查表示前后句之间逻辑关系的连接词。

句意:他也许弹(钢琴)得并不特别好,因为老师说他对音乐的领悟能力不错,并建议他去乐器贮藏室看看是否有令他喜欢的乐器。

他弹得不够好,也许是因为钢琴不太适合他,是因果关系,故选A。

[例2] They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. (2017年北京卷)36. A. jumping B. eatingC. cryingD. waving解析:后一句中的“the man was homeless and hungry(这个男人无家可归且饥肠辘辘)”表示原因,本句表示结果,即前果后因。

由因推果,可知“他们看见一个男人正在捡垃圾桶里的食物吃”,故选B。

2条件关系条件关系就是指从句提出一种条件,主句说明在这种条件下产生的结果。

常见关联词有if, unless, on condition that等。

[例3] “I can help, Mum!” James said. “44 I can make you and Dad feel better, can Brett come over? Please?” (2014年江西卷)44. A. As B. If C. Since D. Before解析:“如果我能让你和父亲感觉好一点儿”与“Brett能过来吗?”是条件与结果的关系,故选B。

[例4]The children of Nome would be 37 if it (a deadly infectious disease mainly affecting children) struck the town. Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. (2016年北京卷)37. A. harmless B. helplessC. fearlessD. careless解析:由从句条件推知主句结果。

由“如果这种(主要传染给孩子的致命的)疾病袭击了这个镇子”可推知,“Nome镇的孩子们就会很无助了”,故选B。

3让步关系一般说来,让步关联词分为介词类和连词类。

介词类的让步关联词有despite,in spite of, regardless of等,连词类有though,although,as和while以及even if, even though等。

[例5]Looking around, he continued, “Cathy has inspiredus with her will and财enthusiasm. 33 skills and talents bring great success, the most valuable asset(富)one can hold is the heart.”(2016年天津卷)33. A. Although B. SinceC. OnceD. Because解析:由主句“the most valuable asset(财富)one can hold is the heart (然而,一个人拥有的最大财富是内心)”可推知空格所在句句意为“虽然或尽管技巧和天赋能带来巨大的成功”,故选A。

[例6]Hard though she tried to make the kids 40 , the thunder won the battle for their attention. (2013年重庆卷)40.A. concentrate B.changeC.hide D.sit解析:考查通过让步关系推断出正确答案。

根据though可知,前后分句之间为让步关系。

句意为“尽管她尽力让孩子们集中注意力,雷声却吸引了孩子们的注意力”。

故选A。

4转折关系当前后两句的逻辑关系为转折关系时,前句往往提出某种事实或情况,后句转而陈述与前句相反或相对的意思,即后句才是说话人所要表达的真正意图。

常见关联词:however, but, on the contrary等。

[例7] We went 10—1 and I was named most valuable player, _____48_____ I(2016年全国Ⅱoften had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s accident.卷)48. A. and B. then C. but D. thus解析:“我被命名为最有价值的运动员”与“我常做恶梦被责备”是转折关系,故选项C正确。

[例8] Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. 38 , the closest supply was over 1, 000 miles away, inAnchorage. (2016年北京卷)38. A. Moreover B. ThereforeC. OtherwiseD. However解析:因“韦尔奇医生迫切需要药品来预防小孩子们患病”与“最近的药品供应站也在一千英里之外的安克雷奇”为转折关系,故选D。

[例9] The lessons they learned may not be 40 what they would have gotten in school,but are certainly more personal and meaningful,because they had to work them out on their own. (2015 年全国Ⅱ卷)40.A. harmful to B.mixed withC.different from D.applied to解析:由转折连词but后一分句可推知整句的句意为“她们学到的经验可能与将在学校得到的并无区别(different from),但一定更加个性化,更有意义,因为她们必须靠自己来弄清楚”,故选C。

5对比关系当前后句的逻辑关系为对比关系时,两句在意义上应具有明显的差异,以便等。

进行对照比较。

常见关联词:while, whereas, not….. but, instead[例10]The professor was deaf and any talking was prohibited. I soon realized thatthe silence was not unpleasant. 58 , if there had been any talking, it wouldhave caused us to learn less. (2017年新课标Ⅰ卷)58. A. Lastly B. ThusC. InsteadD. However解析:考查对比关系的关联词。

“I soon realized that the silence was notunpleasant(我很快意识到安静不是不令人愉快的)”和“if there had been any talking,it would have caused us to learn less(如果当时有口语交流,那只会造成我们学的手语更少)”是对比关系,故选C。

[例11]Northern Europeans usually do not like having bodily contact (接触) evenwith friends, certainly not with strangers. People from Latin Americancountries, 45 , touch each other quite a lot. (2012年全国Ⅰ卷)45. A. in other wordsB. on the other handC. in a similar wayD. by all means解析:“拉丁美洲的人相互之间身体接触较多”与前一句“北欧人通常不喜欢身体的接触,即使是朋友,当然更不用说陌生人”之间为对比关系,用on the otherhand(另一方面),故选B。

6并列关系在用并列连词and或not only…but also把两个互相独立的简单句连接而成的复合句中,前后句之间的逻辑关系为并列关系,既可以是同近义并列,也可以反义并列。

解题时,可从一个简单句推知正确答案。

[例12] Freddy was an average student, but not an average person. He had the rarebalance of fun and compassion(同情). He would laugh the loudest over fun and be46 . (2017年新课标Ⅱ卷)the saddest over anyone’s46. A. misfortune B. disbeliefC. dishonestyD. mistake解析:根据并列连词and和前一分句中的fun以及46空前面的saddest不难判断:两分句之间的逻辑关系为并列关系,且是反义并列,故选A。

[例13]Then came the final awards ceremony at the end of the year. Cathy didn’expect any award but was still there to 30 her friends and praise theiraccomplishments. (2016年天津卷)30. A. cheer on B. compete withC. respond toD. run after可推知,30空应为:为某人鼓解析:根据“and praise their accomplishments”劲加油,故选A。

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