高三阅读补充材料--每周阅读2

European Countries Have Begun to Accept Refugees We’re starting today in the Eastern European nation of Hungary, when hundreds of ____________migrants at a Hungarian holding camp(收容所) broke through police lines, CNN was there.(ARWA DAMON, CNN SENIOR INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT) We’re running now with these migrants and refugees(难民) who just broke out ofthe holding area right along the border with Serbia. The police right behind them - - CNN. The police are literally right behind them and in front. (AZUZ)The people who run were reportedly _______ ____ ______ the conditions in the holding area. And when police were able to stop about half of them, the authorities brought them food and water.Hungary’s been at the forefront of Europe’s __________ refugee crisis. Many of the people arriving there from Afghanistan, Iraq and Syria are passing through, hoping for a new life in Western Europe. But some have _________the bad conditions at holding areas and camps in Hungary and are af raid they’ll get ________ there.Hungary’s government says it’s just trying to travelers who don’t have the right documentation.In Europe, refugees have certain rights, the right not to be sent back to their home countries, the rights to housing, work and education. Most of those who are_________恐怖分子) in Iraq, war-ravaged conditions in Afghanistan,considered migrants, people _________to resettle in countries with better opportunities. It’s _________ a historic humanitarian(人道主义) crisis for Europe.A number of countries are accepting these people. Germany expects to _______ _____800,000 asylum seekers(寻求庇护者) at a cost of $6.7 billion. Some other European nations say they can’t _______ or ________ ______ ______ the flood of people.Key:frustrated fed up with deepening complained stuck fleeing hoping creating take inafford keep up withTranslation:欧洲各国敞开家门接收难民我们今天从匈牙利这个欧洲国家开始。

上千名在匈牙利收容所受到阻扰的难民冲破了警戒线,CNN跟踪报道。

(艾娃·达蒙，CNN资深国际记者) : 我们正和这些移民和难民们一起跑，他们刚刚逃出了位于叙利亚边境的收容说。

警察们就在他们后面——CNN。

前面和后面都有警察。

(阿祖兹): 据报道，这些逃跑的人们厌倦了收容所的状况。

但警察成功拦截了大约一半的逃跑者，政府给这些难民们提供了食物和水。

欧洲难民危机日益加深，而匈牙利的状况处于前列。

这些到达匈牙利的难民很多来自于阿富汗、伊拉克、叙利亚，他们希望在西欧开始新的生活。

但是有些人抱怨成，匈牙利等候区和收容所的状况很恶劣，他们担心自己会困在这里。

匈牙利政府称，自己正在对没有合法文件的游客加强管理。

在欧洲，难民们享有特定的权利，不被谴回原籍国的权利，安家、工作和接收教育的权利。

大多数的人是为了逃离伊拉克的ISIS恐怖分子，阿富汗斯坦战争肆虐的环境，以及叙利亚的内战。

其他的人被认为是移民，他们希望在充满更好机遇的国家里重新定居。

但这为欧洲国家创作了历史性的人道主义危机。

然而，有很多国家也在接受这些人们。

德国预计斥资67亿美元收容80万名询求庇护的人员。

但也有一些欧洲国家称自己不能供养的起或是收容这个难民潮。

Culture Shock and the Problem of Adjustment in New Cultural Environments1 Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments, it has its own symptoms and cure.2 Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious awareness.3 Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or full of goodwill you may be, a series of props have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort. "The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad." When foreigners in a strange land get together to grouse about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another phase of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. To the foreigner everything becomes irrationally glorified. All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.4Some of the symptoms of culture shock are excessive washing of the hands, excessive concern over drinking water, food dishes, and bedding; fear of physical contact with attendants, the absent-minded stare; a feeling of helplessness and a desire for dependence on long-term residents of one's own nationality; fits of anger over minor frustrations; great concern over minor pains and eruptions of the skin; and finally, that terrible longing to be back home.5 Individuals differ greatly in the degree in which culture shock affects them. Although not common, there are individuals who cannot live in foreign countries. However, those who have seen people go through culture shock and on to a satisfactory adjustment can discern steps in the process. During the first few weeks most individuals are fascinated by the new. They stay in hotels and associate withnationals who speak their language and are polite and gracious to foreigners. This honeymoon stage may last from a few days or weeks to six months, depending on circumstances. If one is very important, he or she will be shown the show places, will be pampered and petted, and in a press interview will speak glowingly about goodwill and international friendship.6 But this mentality does not normally last if the foreign visitor remains abroad and has seriously to cope with real conditions of life. It is then that the second stage begins, characterized by a hostile and aggressive attitude toward the host country. This hostility evidently grows out of the genuine difficulty which the visitor experiences in the process of adjustment. There are house troubles, transportation troubles, shopping troubles, and the fact that people in the host country are largely indifferent to all these troubles. They help, but they don't understand your great concern over these difficulties. Therefore, they must be insensitive and unsympathetic to you and your worries. The result, "I just don't like them." You become aggressive, you band together with others from your country and criticize the host country, its ways, and its people. But this criticism is not an objective appraisal. Instead of trying to account for the conditions and the historical circumstances which have created them, you talk as if the difficulties you experience are more or less created by the people of the host country for your special discomfort.7 You take refuge in the colony of others from your country which often becomes the fountainhead of emotionally charged labels known as stereotypes. This is a peculiar kind of offensive shorthand which caricatures the host country and its people in a negative manner. The "dollar grasping American" and the "indolent Latin Americans" are samples of mild forms of stereotypes. The second stage of culture shock is in a sense a crisis in the disease, if you come out of it, you stay; if not, you leave before you reach the stage of a nervous breakdown.8 If visitors succeed in getting some knowledge of the language and begin to get around by themselves, they are beginning to open the way into the new cultural environment. Visitors still have difficulties but they take a "this is my problem and I have to bear it" attitude. Usually in this stage visitors take a superior attitude to people of the host country. Their sense of humor begins to exert itself. Instead of criticizing, they joke about the people and even crack jokes about their own difficulties. They are now on the way to recovery.9 In the fourth stage, your adjustment is about as complete as it can be. The visitor now accepts the customs of the country as just another way of living. You operate within the new surroundings without a feeling of anxiety, although there are moments of social strain. Only with a complete grasp of all the cues of social intercourse will this strain disappear. For a long time the individual will understand what the national is saying but is not always sure what the national means. With a complete adjustment you not only accept the food, drinks, habits, and customs, but actually begin to enjoy them. When you go home on leave, you may even take thingsback with you; and if you leave for good, you generally miss the country and the people to whom you became accustomed.Li Keqiang will visit Germany for the second time since he became Chinese Premier in March 2013, as part of his upcoming visit to Germany, Russia, Italy and the UN Food and Agricultural Organization headquarters from October 9 to 15.The "Industry 4.0" concept has appeared in a China-Germany cooperation guideline released on the 3rd governmental consultation between China and Germany,This concept was first put forward at the Hannover Messe in Germany in 2013.Germany has adopted this idea as its national support research, development and innovation of revolutionary new technology.Responding to technological innovation in Germany, China as the factory of the world has proposed the "Made in China 2025" strategy to promote integration(整合)of information and industrialization. This plan shows China'sChina has treated Germany, whose production industry has a worldwide reputation, as a role model.After the 2013 Hannover Messe, experts from the Chinese Academy of Engineering and State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council conducted a seminar(研讨会) on "German Industry 4.0".Furthermore, guidelines of "Made in China 2025", Chinese Ministry ofIndustry and Information Technology held a seminar intended toits time horizon to 2025; it also focuses on medium to long-term high-end designs.level in the global industrial chain.Taking opportunity of Chinese Premier Li Keqiang's state visit to Germany, Chinaand Germany have on the "Industry 4.0" proposition inMinister Miao Xu of Industry and Information Technology noted in Germany that Chancellor Merkel welcomed China's participation in the German strategy in March. It can easily been seen that there is a "win-win" potential for Sino-German industrialdominated by pragmatism(实用主义) and items such as precision machine tools(精密机床) and core components(核心成分).Two elements of the cooperation should be noted.Firstly, both countries claimed that companies should have the freedom towhile it is the role of the two governments to provide policy support for this progress.standards. The two countries will cooperate closely on issues of standards and "Industry 4.0" will be incorporated(合并成) into the Sino-German standardization cooperation committee.Boundary and rules are the two key elements for the appropriate operation of market economy. It is a positive sign that Sino-German cooperation has beenupgraded.Growing Minds Need Greener SpacesIt is not a secret that spending time _________ is good for our health. The more we learn about the _________ of being in nature, the more ________ it makes to get outside.This could be especially important for school children.New research suggests that kids may learn better when they are __________ by greener spaces. Green spaces are spaces filled with vegetation(植被) –like trees, flowers and other plants.But these days, outdoor time is __________ ______ a child's attention with indoor activities. Children may find it difficult to ________computers, television and electronic games.So, in many parts of the world children are spending less and less time outdoors. All this indoor activity can hurt a child's physical and mental health.But can it affect how well they do in school? Researchers in Barcelona, Spain and in the United States are trying to answer that question.Doctor Payam Dadvand works at the Centre for Research and Environmental Epidemiology(流行病学；传染病学) in Barcelona. He and his team study how the environment affects health. The researchers wrote that, "____________one half of the world population lives in cities, and it is projected that by 2030, three of every five persons will live in _________ areas worldwide."Dr. Dadvand and his team studied more than 2,600 children from 36 schools in the city. The kids were seven to 10 years old. The researchers used information from satellites to learn how much green space surrounded each school.Over one year, the children took computerized tests four times. The tests measured memory and attention ___________.The researchers then created mathematical(数学的) models to compare the amount of green spaces around the schools with the test scores.The researchers found that the children with higher _________ _______green space had better ability to ___________. They were also more __________. The team believes that good air quality is the main reason for the results. More trees means less air pollution.Scientist Jordi Sunyer also worked on the study. Mr. Sunyer says that schools surrounded by greenery(绿色植物) had less air pollution in the classrooms. So, it seems it's not just outdoor time that is good for children but outdoor time surrounded by clean air."What these data are telling us is that a way to _________ ______ _________ in the cities is increasing vegetation in the schools."However, some experts question the use of satellite images to determine the amount of green space.Satellite images would not show if the green spaces are actually _________, such as playgrounds and parks. Also, satellite images would not show if children actually come into contact with the green spaces.Other experts say this study does not consider other _________ that may play a part in a child's learning environment.But the findings of the Barcelona study seem to support a six-year study on elementary schools in the U.S. state of Massachusetts.Researchers there studied students at 905 schools from 2006 to 2012. They found that students in schools that had more green spaces scored higher on standardized (标准化)testing in English and math.The researchers in the Massachusetts study used more factors than the Barcelona study -- factors such as race, gender, English as a second language, parent income, student-teacher ratio and school attendance.The question of how green spaces affect learning is a new one.Lisa Freund is an expert in child psychology for the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. She says more studies are needed to learn why vegetation in and around schools ________ ___________ _________."There's something about being out in nature that can be very ___________ of the human. But do we need the actual greenery around us? Do we just need pictures? We don't know."The Barcelona researchers published their study in the journal Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences. The Massachusetts researchers are from several universities in the United States and Taiwan. Their research can be found in PLOS ONE.户外活动对健康有益，这一点不是秘密。