定语从句 3 Book 1U3语法

定语从句（三）

非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句起补充附带说明的作用，缺少它也不会影响全句的理解，译为汉语时常常不译作定语，而根据句意翻译为相应的其他形式的从句。它与主语的关系不像限定性定语从句的关系那样密切。在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如果把非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都要用逗号与主句隔开。

②引导非限定性定语从句的关系副词主要有when, where。不可用why。

2. 运用非限定性定语从句的情况：

（1）关系代词指代整个主句内容

e.g. Our new house has a lovely garden, which makes us very happy.

（2）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.

（3）当出现some, many, few, a few, little, much, most, two of which, whom等结构时

e.g. You’ve made many mistakes, most of which were due to your carelessness,

非限制性定语从句主要在以下方面不同于限制性定语从句：

⑴非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，它不是对先行词进行修饰或确定，只是对先行词作些附加的说明。专有名词通常被非限制性定语从句所修饰。例如：地名，人名，国家名等。

⑵非限制性定语从句不是先行词必不可少的修饰语，因此如果去掉从句，主句的意思仍然清楚。

⑶从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，翻译时复合句通常译成两句话。

⑷与限制性定语从句一样，非限制性定语从句也可用关系代词who, which, whom, whose, as 和关系副词when, where, why 引导。that不引导非限制性定语从句。

例如：

①We will fly to Xi’an first, where we plan to stay for a couple of days.

我们将先飞往西安，在那里我们打算停留两天。

②My wife, who is a doctor, is working abroad this year.

我的妻子是位医生，她今年在国外工作。

③As is known to all, ice is water in its solid state.

众所周知，冰是水的固态。

㈢非限制性定语从句中值得注意的几个问题

⑴在which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词可以是一个名词或代词，也可以是句子的一部分，甚至整个句子。

例如：

①My new car, which I paid several thousand dollars for, isn’t running well.

先行词是car

②He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.

先行词是he had never seen her before

⑵which和as引导的非限制性定语从句比较

which和as都可引导非限制性定语从句，并且先行词都可以是一句句子，但which通常指代上文提到的情况，而as则可以指代上文或下文。as 在这类句子中经常有“正如”的意思。另外，as还经常与such, the same 等连用。（见第一讲中as 引导的定语从句）

例如：

①He has to work on Sundays, which he doesn’t like.

②As we expected, he gave a wonderful performance.

③Mike is late, as is often the case.

④I never heard such stories as he told.

⑤She knew he felt just the same as she did.

⑶在从句中作宾语的关系代词which, who, whom一般不省略。

例如：

①Jeanne was her old friend, from whom she borrowed a necklace.

②He built a telescope, through which he could study the skies.

4. as与which的区别：

关系代词as引导的定语从句

⑴和such连用，这时的as相当于who, which。有时such和as连在一起

例如：

①Wendy is not such a fool as she looks.

②Such cars as I saw were too expensive to me.

③We had hoped to give you a chance such as nobody else ever had.

注意：这种用法和such … that …的区别

在such … as …中，as是关系代词，它在从句中充当成分。例①中作looks的表语，在例②和③中分别作saw和had的宾语。而在such … that …中that引导的结果状语从句，解释为“以至于”。that不充当任何成分，只起语法上的连接作用。

例如：

①She gave me such a surprise that I couldn’t say anything at that moment.

②His idea was such a good one that we all agreed to use it.

⑵和same连用

例如：

①You must show my friend the same respect as you show me.

②She wears the same kind of clothes as her sister usually does.

⑶引导非限制性定语从句

例如：

①She was the one I met at the party, as you know.

②As was natural, she married Robin.

5. 定语从句和其它从句的区分

很多高三的同学在解题时发现，有时难以区分定语从句，表语从句，时间、地点状语从句和强调句。解决这一问题的关键在于牢记：

①定语从句一定有先行词

②定语从句的关系代词和关系副词在从句中一定充当成分。

我们来看具体的从句的比较：

（一）定语从句和表语从句

例①1) This is where your father worked when he was young.

此句没有先行词，where 引导的是表语从句，where相当于“the place where”，解释为