专题十六 选择型阅读理解(试题部分)
中考语文现代文阅读 4专题十六 非连续性文本阅读 (2)
我们来考察一下 yyds(永远滴神)的演变过程。yyds 最早出现在电竞 圈，被游戏主播用来赞扬电竞选手出神入化的游戏操作。后来扩展到饭 圈，被粉丝用来称赞爱豆(偶像)的杰出表现。在出圈以后，yyds 的应用 场景不断扩大，不仅可以用来赞美人物，也可以用来赞美国家、机构、
组织，进而扩展到事件、事理、事物等，一切皆可成神。与应用域不断 扩大对应的就是“封神”的门槛不断降低，只要略有优点，都可以 yyds， 比如“初三 14 班 yyds！”“盐水棒冰 yyds！”“《黑猫警长》yyds！”…… 到了这一步，yyds 已经变成了一个口水词，主要用于宣泄情绪，没有太 多的表达价值了。
前不久，河南郑州丽水外国语学校教师南瑞，与班里孩子一起完成 了一项课外实践活动——手工制作端午节香包。南瑞用短视频记录了孩 子们制作香包的过程，并发到家长群里，受到了孩子和家长们的热烈欢 迎。“青春期正是张扬个性的时候，把孩子们从被动的观看者转变为主动 的创造者，让他们成为视频的主角，他们的表达欲和表现欲就得到了释 放。”南瑞说。——摘录于《人民日报》
2．说说材料二中画线句子所用的说明方法并分析其作用。(3 分)
列数字，通过列举着陆时速度的变化，准确具体说明了“天问一号”着 陆难度大。
3．【原因探究】请根据材料三分析人பைடு நூலகம்目前“移民火星”不具备可能性 的原因。既然不具备可能性，那么“天问一号”成功登陆火星的意义是 什么？(4 分)
原因：火星大气层很薄，氧气极少，同时充满尘埃；地表温度白天可达 28℃，夜晚可低至－132℃，平均－57℃；对火星的了解还远远达不到清 晰明了的程度。意义：迈出了中国星际探测征程的重要一步；开启中国 首次火星巡视之旅；我国将成为世界上第一个首次通过一次任务实现火 星环绕、着陆、巡视探测的国家，也将成为世界上第二个实现火星车安 全着陆和巡视探测的国家。从科学价值来看，火星能反映出很多问题， 对人类了解地球会有帮助。
中考英语常考易错点专题讲练：选择型阅读(含答案解析)
选择型阅读知识清单一、考点分析1. 细节理解题这种题目比较简单,只要阅读全文,了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节就可以解答出来,有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。
此类题目的出题形式很多,例如:(1)Which of the following statements is true?(2)Which of the following is (not) mentioned?(3)How many/How much/Where/How/What...?要快速辨认和记忆事实或细节,就需要恰当地使用查阅的方法。
查阅是考生在对材料有所了解的情况下进行的,它的特点是带着问题去寻找答案。
2. 猜测词意题在阅读中,我们经常会遇到一些生词,需要根据上下文猜测它们的意思。
此类问题考查学生紧扣原文,根据上下文语境判断单词、词语或短句意义的能力。
常见的题型有:直接对生词进行解释;对多义词或短语在文章具体语言环境中的意义做出准确判断;对英语中的一些格言或谚语进行解释;对文中一些代词的指代对象做出界定等。
这种题型常见的设题方式如下:(1)The underlined word (phrase) in the passage means .(2)The word “it/them” in the first paragraph refers to .(3)The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means .(4)What does the underlined word“...”refer to .在做此类题时,考生应紧扣原文,根据上下文语境进行判断,切不要望文生义或断章取义,也不能只选择自己熟悉的意思。
3. 推理判断题推理判断题属于深层阅读理解题。
它要求考生尽量考虑文中全部信息或事实,在通篇理解文章的基础上,严格按照作者提供的信息推断出作者的言外之意。
这种题型常见的设题方式有:(1)From the text, it can be inferred that .(2)The passage suggests that .(3)Which of the following best describes .(4)The writer's attitude towards...is .(5)From the text, we learn that .这种题目有一定难度,解答时必须根据上下文及相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后,才能找到答案。
专题16 短文填空(首字母,自由填空,选词,杂糅)(课件)-中考英语二轮复习讲练测(全国通用)
Around the 15th century, the Chinese toothbrush found its way into Europe. It became ____8____ among local people soon. The ____9____ of toothbrushes was not as famous as that of paper-making, but it was very useful in daily life. Today we have a good ____10____ of brushing teeth. We should thank the ancient Chinese for it. 【答案】1. it 2. what 3. cleaned 4. be 5. by 6. because 7. hundreds 8. popular 9. invention 10. habit 【解析】本文介绍了牙刷的历史和功能。 1.句意：我们通常把它放在浴室里。指代前文“a small thing”，需用代词it。故填it。 2.句意：你能猜出它是什么吗？根据“Can you guess...it is?”可知是询问猜出它是什 么。what“什么”。故填what。
STEP 3瞻前顾后，灵活选 词性分类之后，回到原文中，根据原文中空格的前后单词或者前后语句确定所要填
的词性，然后从分 类好的单词中选择出词性、意思、语法都符合要求的最佳选项。首 先，根据语法知识确认可以被填入此空 的词性，然后按第一步中标注出的词性进行筛 选，最后将备选词逐个代入空中细读句意，考虑上下问逻辑 关系做出选择。 STEP 4复核检查，定结果
【解析】本文主要介绍了王欣的村庄近些年的变化。 1．句意：今年，王欣的父母给他买了一辆自行车。根据“bought a bike”可知，buy sth for sb“为 某人买某物”。故填for。 2．句意：王欣现在住在山里的一个小村庄里。根据“Wang Xin now...in a small village in the mountains.”可知，此处说的是王欣的居住地；本句时态为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数， 动词live“居住”要用单三形式。故填lives。 3．句意：对他和他的家人来说，过去的生活非常艰难。根据“him and...family”可知，此处指 “他和他的家人”，应用he的形容词性物主代词形式his修饰名词。故填his。 4．句意：所以在这条路上开车或骑自行车是非常危险的。根据“The main road was steep and had many ‘Z’ shape turnings.”可知，在陡峭的路上骑车很危险，dangerous“危险的”，符合语境。 故填dangerous。 5．句意：许多人很容易因为这些石头摔倒而受伤，尤其是在晚上。根据“Many people easily fell down because of these stones and hurt themselves”可知，夜晚出行尤其危险，especially“特别， 尤其”，符合语境。故填especially。
高考语文二轮复习 专题十六论述类文本阅读课件
• 在外交宴会等场合，宾主各方往往通过“赋诗”来表达 愿望和态度。“赋诗”时点出现成的诗篇，叫乐工们演 唱，通过诗歌的问答，了解彼此的立场，这就叫“赋诗 言志”。这种“赋诗”往往不管原作本身的内容和意义， 仅仅是把赋诗者的观点和愿望寄托在诗中某几句之上， 来作比喻或暗示，所以是一种典型的断章取义。《左 传·襄公二十六年》记晋侯为了卫国一个叛臣的缘故，把 卫侯羁押起来，齐侯和郑伯到晋国去说情，郑国的子晨 就赋《诗经·郑风·将仲子》一诗。《将仲子》本来是一 首爱情诗，这当中有“人之多言，亦可畏也”的话，是 说女的爱着男的，又怕旁人说闲话；子晨却借用来说， 晋侯纵然有理由，但“人言可畏”，别人看来总是为了 一个叛臣。
• 例如周代有一种“献诗陈志”的做法，当 一些人看到国君或者同僚做了什么好事或 坏事，就做一首诗献给他们，达到颂美或 者讽谏的目的。还有人由于个人遭受冤屈 或不幸，也往往通过诗来发泄和申诉。应 该说明，“献诗陈志”是要通过乐工的演 唱来献给君上或同僚的，所以卿士“献诗” 总和“瞽献曲”或者“瞍赋”、“矇诵” 并提。
• C．所谓“献诗陈志”，一种情况是指卿士 通过贡献诗歌，向国君或同僚陈述自己的 心意，以达到颂美或者讽谏的目的。 • D．在古籍记载中，卿士“献诗”经常和 “瞽献曲”、“矇诵”等一起出现，是因 为卿士做诗以后，总是通过乐工的演唱来 呈献。
2024届高考英语阅读理解专练(含答案)
第一部分阅读理解四选一阅读理解的高考分值是37.5分，占比较大；考试分配时间为：28分钟左右；文章体裁分为：应用文，记叙文，说明文，议论文和新闻报道等。
阅读理解题目在文章中分布均匀，且多在段首和段尾。
题型为：细节理解题，推理判断题，词义猜测题，主旨大意题等，大多数题型为细节理解题和推理判断题。
卷别年份篇目语篇类型主题考查题型主题语境主题内容细节理解推理判断主旨大意词义猜测新课标Ⅰ卷2023A应用文人与社会自行车租赁服务3B记叙文人与自然污水净化生态箱13C说明文人与自我数字极简主义生活方式31 D说明文人与社会“群体智慧”效应121新高考Ⅰ卷2022A应用文人与自我课程评分细则21B说明文人与社会减少食物浪费31C说明文人与社会养老院养鸡项目121 D说明文人与社会饮食结构影响语音211新课标Ⅱ卷2023A应用文人与自然黄石国家公园护林员项目3B记叙文人与自我Urban Sprouts菜园子项目211 C说明文人与社会书籍介绍121D说明文人与自然接触自然有益健康22新高考Ⅱ卷2022A应用文人与社会博物馆参观信息3B记叙文人与社会新媒体的影响121 C说明文人与社会司机无视手机禁令1111 D说明文人与自我运动可以促进心脏健康22(细节理解题＋推理判断题＋词义猜测题＋段落大意题)【典例印证】【破题关键点】(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism,including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why itworks, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1，600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high－quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.1. What is the book aimed at?A. Teaching critical thinking skills.B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.C. Solving philosophical problems.D. Promoting the use of a digital device.2. What does the underlined word “declutter”in paragraph3 mean?A. Clear－up.B. Add－on.1. 先读第1题的题干，标出关键词________→根据关键词，从第一段开始浏览，寻找和题干关键词意思相近的________，确定此处内容是本题根据→根据本句中的“to make the case for digital minimalism(为数字极简主义辩护)”，确定第1题的答案________2. 再读第2题的题干，关键词是画线词________→根据关键词，从第1段后浏览，在第三段找到画线词→找到关键词后把此处内容和四个选项进行比对，确定第2题的答案________3. 然后读第3题的题干，标出关键词________→根据关键词，从第2题关键词后面浏览，寻找题干中的关键词→找到关键词后把此处内容和四个选项进行比对，确定第3题的答案________4. 最后读第4题的题干，标出关键词________→根据关键词，从第3题关键词后面浏览，寻找题干中的关键词→找到关键词后把此处内容和四个选项进行比对，确定第4题的答案________答案 1. aimed; goal; B2. declutter; A3. the final chapter of part one; C4. practices; AC. Check－in.D. Take－over.3. What is presented in the final chapter of part one?A. Theoretical models.B. Statistical methods.C. Practical examples.D. Historical analyses.4. What does the author suggest readers do with the practicesoffered in part two?A. Use them as needed.B. Recommend them to friends.C. Evaluate their effects.D. Identify the ideas behind them.题型微解题型微解1：细节理解题细节理解题是高考题型中考查较多的题型，也是容易得分的题型，该题型分为：直接细节题，间接细节题，数字计算题和归纳概括题。
2022年中考英语二轮复习：选择型阅读 专项练习题(含答案解析)
2022年中考英语二轮复习：选择型阅读专项练习题一、You have been working hard to learn English. Do you know foreigners are trying to learn Chinese? According to a survey, one in four American young men would like to learn it. There will be over 150,000,000 people learning Chinese around the world in the early 2019."Because of Chinas fast development, Chinese has become more useful. More and more people begin to learn it." said Scott McGinnis, a Washington language expert.For example, in 2010, only 30 schools in America had Chinese lessons. This year, more than 300 schools there have Chinese lessons during school days. Last year, China gave 3,000 textbooks to a school in America because they had done a good job.Although Chinese is becoming more and more popular, it is one of the most difficult languages to learn. Usually, an English speaker takes about 1,320 hours to become good at Chinese. He needs only 480 hours for French, Spanish or Italian.1.According to the passage, more and more foreigners begin to learn Chinese______.A.because they have more free timeB.because Chinese is easy to learnC.because China is fast developing2._______schools in America give students Chinese lessons, in 2018.A.Over three thousandB.About three hundredC.Only thirty3.The students at the schools in America take Chinese lessons_______.A.on school daysB.after schoolC.at weekendsst year, China gave 3,000 textbooks to a school in America because_______.A.they wanted to build a libraryB.they had done a good jobC.they had given Chinese students many English books5.From the passage we know that______.A.English speakers like to learn French, Spanish and Italian more than ChineseB.Chinese is more difficult to learn than French, Spanish and ItalianC.Chinese is easier to learn than French, Spanish and Italian二、People often ask me for suggestions about how to learn English. As for it, everyone is different. I'll share some of my experience. I once took a school year English course in Wuhan University, but I mostly learned English on my own.One thing I can tell you is that, once you've started learning, you should try to think in Englishas much as you can. If you see something when you're riding your bike or walking down the street, just think about "How would I say them in English?" At first, it might be with simple words or phrases, but later you should think about longer phrases and sentences. Now I'm in America, and for most of the time, I would think in English and speak it directly. It's amazing how much this helps.For several years after I started learning, I was often afraid of talking with others in English because I didn't want to make mistakes. Finally I got it over. And while travelling in America, I'd try to hang out with friends who couldn't speak Chinese, so that I'd have no choice but to speak English. And I also decided that if I said something stupid and other people laughed at me, then so be it. After that, my English started improving much more quickly.Besides, it may be a good idea to ask your American friends to look at the way you're writing, and give you some suggestions for improvement.1.The writer learned English in Wuhan University for about _____.A.a weekB.a monthC.a termD.a year2.According to the writer, _____ is a good way to improve your English.A.thinking in EnglishB.learning English grammarC.watching English moviesD.reading English books3.The underlined phrase "got it over" in Paragraph 3 means "_____" in English.A.stuck to itB.depended on itC.overcame itD.understood it4.To the writer's surprise, his English improved quickly _____.A.in the universityB.in the middle schoolC.in ChinaD.in America5.The best title for this passage should be ________.A. The importance of EnglishB. My English learning experienceC. My university lifeD. My American friends三、When I was a child, I was a tomboy(假小子). I had a cowboy hat and cowboy boots. My brothers were two and four years older than me. We often played games together.Once, my brothers and I fell in love with playing a game called "stealing horses". Then my parents decided to buy my brothers guns. These were not "real" guns. Because I was a girl, I didn't get a gun. They shot and shot at everything with their new guns. I tried to "fight" them with my bow and arrows(弓和箭). But I was still in the poor position without a gun.One day while I was hiding behind a wall, looking out toward the fields, I felt a terrible blow to my right eye. I looked up just in time to see my brother lower his gun. Both brothers rushed to my side. My eye felt great pain and I covered it with my hand. "If you tell that to Mummy," they said, "we will get a whipping(鞭打) from Daddy. You don't want that to happen, do you?" I did not. "Here is a piece of wire(电线)," said the older brother, picking it up from the floor, "Say youstepped on one end of it and the other flew up and hit you." "Yes," I said. To be honest, I didn't want them to be punished. So I did as my brothers told me to do.A week after the "accident" my parents took me to see a doctor. Finally I knew my brothers were worried about my eye, so they told our parents what had happened and asked them to take me to see a doctor.1.According to the passage, the two brothers were _____.A.strictB.cleverC.politeD.naughty(淘气的)2.What does the underlined phrase "in the poor position" mean in Chinese?A.处于劣势B.在低洼处C.处于虚弱状态D.处于贫穷状态3.The two brothers asked the writer to tell a lie because they were afraid _____.A.they would lose their gunsB.their parents would punish themC.they couldn't play the game any moreD.their parents would take their sister to see a doctor4.Choose the correct order according to the passage.① The writer was hurt.② The brothers told the truth.③ The parents bought guns for the brothers.④The parents took the writer to see a doctor.A.②③①④B.③①②④C.③①④②D.③②①④5.What can we infer(推断) from the passage?A.The writer's parents didn't like her.B.The writer and her two brothers loved each other.C.The writer's brothers wanted to hurt her.D.The two brothers didn't get on well with each other.四、Nature's WarningsWhen the sky suddenly turns dark and the wind is strong, watch out! A dangerous storm might be coming. Storms are scary. Watch for flashes of lightning. Listen for thunder. If nature sends these warnings, don't wait for rain. Act right away to keep safe.Safety StepsAt the first flash of lightning, quickly get inside a building or a car. Do not go into a shed(棚) for protection. It is not closed like a building, so it is not safe.Even after you are indoors, be careful. It is not smart to go near doors and windows. They can blow in or break. A room with no windows is the safest place to be.Do not wash your hands during a storm. Do not use anything that runs on electricity either; water and electrical lines are like roads for lightning. Even if you really want to play computergames, don't! It is better to be bored than to risk getting hurt. Try reading a book instead. Reading is more fun than playing computer games.If you can't get to somewhere safe, stay out in the open. You may feel safe under a tree, but that is not a good place to be. Lightning is pulling toward tall poles and trees. Stay down in an open space and cover your ears to protect them. Loud thunder can damage your hearing.Lightning StrikesLightning does not strike people very often. It is not likely that you will ever see that happen. If you do, call 120. Only trained emergency workers should care for a person who has been hit by lightning.If you follow these rules, you should stay safe during a storm.1.From Paragraph 1, we learn that _____.A. storms are frightening and harmfulB. storms often come without warningsC. people should wait and watch lightningD. people should take action after the storm2.The underlined word "It" in Paragraph 2 probably refers to _____.A. a buildingB. a carC. a roomD. a shed3.During a storm you had better _____.A. use a computer for a whileB. listen for thunder by a windowC. leave the room and stay outD. find a closed or an open place4.If a person is hit by lightning, you should _____.A. call for emergency helpB. stay down in a safe spaceC. move him or her to safetyD. cover his or her ears quickly5.The best title for the passage is "_____".A. Training StepsB. Home RulesC. Natural OrderD. Storm Safety五、Long long ago, there was a kingdom. It was ruled by a king who loved riddles. Once a year the king made a new riddle. He gave a prize to the person who could solve the riddle.There was a baker who also lived in this kingdom. Everyone agreed that he baked the finest bread. The baker had almost everything he needed except for a horse. If the baker had a horse, he could sell his fine bread from one end of the kingdom to the other.One year the king made a new riddle that puzzled everyone. "I will give a prize to the person who can solve my riddle," the king said. "Whoever wins will have the pick of one of my strongest horses." He then drew a line down the middle of the courtyard, "Make this line shorter without erasing(清除) any part of it," the king challenged.People came from far and wide. They looked at the line and squinted at it. They even put their noses to the ground and scratched their heads."How can you make a line shorter without erasing any part of it?" the people in the crowd asked each other. Some of them tried. The dressmaker kicked dirt (泥土) over the line to hide it. The farmer poured water over the line to make it disappear. None of these efforts worked, and the people went home disappointed. Everyone was puzzled about how to solve this new riddle.A week passed, and nobody had any new ideas. Then one day the baker came into the courtyard with a bag of flour (面粉)."Your Majesty," the baker said to the king, "I can make your line shorter without erasing any part of it." Then the baker opened his bag of flour. He poured out a line of flour right next to the king's line. The line the baker made was longer than the king's line."Now, good king," the baker smiled, "your line is shorter."The people were amazed. The king laughed and clapped his hands. "You have won the prize, I will give you a horse of your choice."The baker was excited. Now he could sell his bread from one end of the kingdom to the other.1.What was the baker's problem at the beginning of the story?A. He couldn't make fine bread.B. He needed money to open more stores.C. He didn't have enough flour to make more bread.D. He had difficulty selling bread all over the kingdom.2.The dressmaker and the farmer failed because they both ______.A. tried to erase the lineB. poured water over the lineC. kicked dirt over the lineD. put their noses to the ground3.The baker smiled because ______.A. he was glad to see the kingB. he wanted to make the king happyC. he felt sure that he solved the riddleD. he sold a lot of bread to the villagers4.This story shows that the king liked ______.A. to be richB. to train horsesC. to eat breadD. to have fun5.Who tells this story?A. The king.B. The farmer and the dressmaker.C. The baker.D. Someone who is not a character in the story. 六、When he was small, Hill was a famous bad boy.At the age of 9, his father married his stepmother. At that time they lived poor in the countryside while his stepmother was from a wealthy family.His father introduced Hill to his stepmother as he said, "Dear, I hope you notice this is the worst boy, who has made me have no other way. Maybe before tomorrow morning he will throw a stone at you, or do a bad thing you will never imagine."To Hill's surprise, his stepmother went up to him with a smile, held up his head and looked at him carefully. She then turned around to tell her husband, "You're wrong. He is not the worst boyin the entire shire, but the cleverest and the most creative boy. Only he doesn't find a place to show himself."His stepmother's words warmed his heart, his eyes full of tears. With this, he started building friendship with his stepmother. And this became the drive of his life, making him create 28 successful golden rules, which helped tens of thousands of ordinary people walk on the road to success.Before his stepmother came, no one praised him smart, and his father and neighbours considered him as a bad boy. However, his stepmother's words changed his life.When Hill was 14 years old, his stepmother bought him a used typewriter and said to him, "I believe you will become a writer." Hill accepted his stepmother's gift and expectation, and started writing things to a local newspaper. He understood his stepmother's strong feeling of interest in his family while he saw with his own eyes she had changed his family. Therefore, he would do as well as she expected him to.The strength from his stepmother made him a rich man and famous writer in the United States and one of the most important persons in the 20th century.Praise will never be unnecessary, especially for children. A sincere (真诚的) praise may be better than 10,000 bad words.1.What did people think of Hill before the age of nine?A. Clever.B. Creative.C. Unfriendly.D. Foolish.2.Hill started making friends with his stepmother after she _______.A. smiled at himB. looked at him carefullyC. said good words about himD. said bad words about him3.Which of the following is wrong about Hill?A. He accepted his stepmother's typewriter.B. He failed to do as he was expected.C. He started writing to a local newspaper.D. He understood his stepmother.4.The writer is most probably an expert of _______.A. house buildingB. dietC. news writingD. education5.The passage was written mainly to tell us that _______.A. children should be praisedB. Hill's father married againC. Hill's stepmother was kind to himD. Hill's father was cruel to him七、The 14th Chinese Language Competition attracted about 1,100 children from kindergarten kids to high school students. The children from different language and cultural backgrounds metin San Francisco and competed in events like Chinese calligraphy (书法), drawing and Chinese poetry recital.Thomson, an 11th-grade boy from Justin-Siena High School in Napa city of California has studied Chinese language for three years. It was hard for him to learn Chinese at the beginning, because it was one of the most difficult languages in the world. However, the writing of Chinese characters is a form of art, which made him feel different. "It's amazing to see how attractive Chinese culture is," he said.Julie, a 12th-grade girl shared her similar experience of learning Chinese for four years. When recalling her trip in Beijing and Shanghai, she expressed huge interest in shared bikes, "The shared bike is known as one of the new 'Great Inventions' of China along with China's Express Railway and Alipay online payment system. They amaze the whole world as part of China's rapid rise."According to the hosting organisation, the Confucius Institute at San Francisco State University, the competition was mainly for American and overseas Chinese kids. It aimed to set a platform to present their Chinese language and culture talents. It also helped to deepen the understanding of young Americans about the Chinese culture and history.1. Where was the 14th Chinese Language Competition held?A. In Beijing.B. In Shanghai.C. In Napa city.D. In San Francisco.2. What is among the new "Great Inventions" of China according to the passage?A. Railway.B. Paper making.C. The shared bike.D. Chinese calligraphy.3. Which statement is TRUE about the competition?A. All college students took part in it.B. It was not only for overseas Chinese kids.C. It was hosted by Justin-Siena High School.D. Students competed in different languages.4. What is the best title for the passage?A. Chinese culture talent show presentedB. New "Great Inventions" made in ChinaC. Chinese language competition held againD. Ways to learn the Chinese language shared八、Wang Fuman is an 8-year-old student. He is now studying in Zhuanshanbao Primary School in Zhaotong, Yunnan Province. On Monday morning (January 8, 2018), he braved —9°C weather to travel over an hour to reach his school.When he arrived, his hair and eyebrows had been completely frozen with snowflake(雪花).This made his 16 classmates laugh a lot. Fu Heng, Wang's teacher saw this and took a picture. He uploaded(上传) Wang's picture. The picture soon has got much attention to children from poor families in the countryside. Wang, who has been nicknamed "Snowflake Boy" by netizens, became famous online overnight. By Wednesday morning, his picture had been "liked" more than 260,000 times on Sina Weibo and shared more than 40,000 times.After hearing Wang's story, the Yunnan China Youth Development Foundation held a public donation(捐赠) activity for children from poor families. The Foundation has promised to give each poor child 500 yuan ($75) to help them stay warm in winter.By 1 pm on Wednesday, the Foundation had collected about 300,000 yuan in public donations, according to their website. Wang's village now has electricity and tap water, "...and my family is getting help to build a new house close to the school," Wang said. "I think our life will get better."1. What was the weather like on Monday morning?A. Snowy and cold.B. Rainy and cold.C. Snowy but warm.D. Rainy but warm.2. Why did the classmates laugh when Wang entered the classroom?A. Because he lost his books.B. Because he told a joke.C. Because he looked funny.D. Because he was late.3. The Foundation held a public donation to help the poor children _____.A. stay happyB. keep healthyC. stay educatedD. keep warm in winter4. What can we know from the text?A. Zhaotong's weather in winter is warm.B. Wang's future life may become better.C. Wang's village had electricity before.D. Few people shared the boy's picture.答案以及解析一、答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.A; 4.B; 5.B解析：1.细节理解题。
专题16完形填空(故事类)
十六完形填空【母题来源】【2016·北京】【母题原题】【2016·北京】完形填空（共20 小题；每小题1.5 分，共30 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上讲该项涂黑。
A Race Against DeathIt was a cold January in 1925 in North Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.On the 20th of that month, Dr.Welch 36 a Sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious(传染的)disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be 37 if it struck the town. Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. 38 , the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage.How could the medicine get to Nome? The town`s 39 was already full of ice, so it couldn’t come by ship. Cars and horses couldn’t tr avel on the 40 roads. Jet airplanes and big trucks didn’t exist yet.41 January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twemty more were 42 . Nome`s town officials came up with a(n) 43 . They would have the medicine sent by 44 from Anchorage to Nenana. From there, dogeled(狗拉雪橇)drivers—known as “mushers”—would 45 it to Nome in a relay(接力).The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. 46 he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannon`s face was black from the extreme cold.On January 31,a musher named Seppala had to 47 a frozen body of water called Norton Sound .It was the most 48 part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice,which could sometimes break up without warning.If that happened,Seppala might fall into the icy water below.Hewould 49 ,and so would the sick children of Nome.But Seppala made it across.A huge snowstorm hit on February 1.Amusher named Kaasen had to brave this storm.At one point,huge piles of sonw blocked his 50 .He had to leave the trail (雪橇痕迹)to get around them.Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to 51 the trail again. The only hope was Balto,Kaasen’s lead dog, Balto put his nose to the groun d, 52 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail.If Balto failed,it would mean disaster for Nome.The minutes passed by.Suddenly, Balto began to 53 .He had found the trail.At 5:30 am on February 2, Kaasen and his dog 54 in Nome. Within minutes,Dr.Welch had the medicine.He quickly gave it to the sick children.All of them recovered.Nome had been 55 .36.A.examined B.warned C.interviewed D.cured37.A.harmless B.helpless C. fearless D.careless38.A.Moreover B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.However39.A.airport B.station C. harbor D.border40.A.narrow B. snowy C.busy D.dirty41.A.From B.On C.By D.After42.A.tired B.upset C. pale D.sick43.A.plan B.excuse C.message D.topic44.A.air B.rail C. sea D.road45.A.carry B.return C. mail D.give46.A.Though B.Since C. When D.If47.A.enter B.move C. visit D.cross48.A.shameful B.boring C.dangerous D.foolish49.A.escape B.bleed C. swim D.die50.A.memory B.exit C.way D.destination51.A.find B.fix C. pass D.change52.A.pretending B.trying C. asking D.learning53.A.run B.leave C. bite D.play54.A.gathered B.stayed C. camped D.arrived55.A.controlled B.saved C.founded D.developed【答案】36.A37.B38.D39.C40.B41.C42.D43.A44.B45.A46.C47.D48.C49.D50.C51.A52.B53.A54.D55.B 【解析】37. B考查形容词辨析。
中考语文名著阅读 专题十六 名著阅读
片段二：像其他许多红军领袖一样，他在中国也是一个传奇式的人 物。他是瘦个子，中等身材。细小而坚韧的骨骼，又大又深的眼睛富于 热情，尽管有长而黑的胡子，外表上仍不脱孩子气。他英文讲得虽不流 利，却相当准确，据他说已有五年不讲英文了，这使我很惊讶。 片段三：在体育上他是很活泼的，很好的骑手，这一半因为他是一个不 吸烟者和节欲者。有一天在红军第二师演习的时候，我们必须要爬一座 很高峻的山。“跑上山顶去！”他突然这样对我和他的气喘着的总部人员 喊着。他像一个兔子一样地跳着跑开了，到山顶的时候他远超过了我们 一行人。
(二)《西游记》 1．(2020·巴中)阅读下面文段，完成问题。(6 分)
“师傅你错怪我也。这厮分明是妖．魔．，他实有心害你。我倒打死他， 替你除害，你却不认得，反信了那呆子的谗言冷语，屡次逐我。常言道： ‘事不过三。’我若不去，真是个下流无耻之徒。我去！我去！——去便 罢了，只是你手下无人。”——节选自《西游记》
(2)请你在人物、主题、艺术特色等方面任选其一，从《海底两万里》中 提炼出一个关键词，并围绕关键词写一段 70 字以内的评论。(1 分)
示例：奇迹。“鹦鹉螺号”的发明是一个奇迹。它有坚硬如铁的双层艇体， 有无穷的机械动力，不必担心爆炸和火灾，更不必担心碰撞和解体，不 受台风和旋涡的影响。
2．(2022·成都)同是离开潜艇到海底，尼摩船长等人到珊瑚王国和亚特 兰蒂斯，目的有何不同？请结合你对《海底两万里》的阅读，简要作答。 (2 分) 到珊瑚王国是去安葬死去的船员，到亚特兰蒂斯是去参观那片“失踪的 大陆”。
人物：小小福福子 批注：作作子者者运运用外用貌外描貌写，描语写言，简洁语地言交简代了洁小地福交子的代身了材小变化福和子圆的脸、 眉眉毛毛匀调匀身、调材上、变唇很上化短唇和等很圆容貌短脸特等、点。
高考英语真题分项解析：专题16+科普类说明文
专题十六阅读理解之科普类说明文1.【·湖北卷】DThe oddness of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples..First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny balled （芭蕾）dancer. “I’m an inside guy,” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space S tation. “I like to be wrapped up.”On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, it’s just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible （隐形的）cloud around you head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat,”Your inner ear thinks your’re falling . Meanwhi le your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight. That can be annoying—that’s why some people feel sick.” Within a couple days —truly terrible days for some —astronauts’ brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. For instance, astronauts lose bone mass. That’s why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule. The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.63.What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?A. Deciding on a proper sleep positionB. Choosing a comfortable sleeping bagC. Seeking a way to fall asleep quicklyD. Finding a right time to go to sleep.64.The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when _____.A. the y circle around on their bikesB. they use microcomputers without a stopC. they exercise in one place for a long timeD. they watch a movie while pedaling65.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because _____.A. their senses stop workingB. they have to stand up straightC. they float out of their seats unexpectedlyD. whether they are able to go back to the station66.One of the NASA’s major concerns about astronauts is _____.A. how much exercise they do on the stationB. how they can remain healthy for long in spaceC. whether they can recover after returning homeD. whether they are able to go back to the station【解析】试题分析：这是一篇说明文。
2022届高考语文一轮复习 专题十六 整本书阅读试题1(含解析)新人教版
专题十六整本书阅读高考帮·备考方向导航题组1 客观题1.[2020江苏,25,5分]下列对有关名著的说明,不正确的两项是( )A.《三国演义》中,刘备与陆逊在猇亭交战,诸葛亮得到消息后,令人迅速在鱼腹浦摆下“八阵图”,后刘备战败,陆逊追击至此,为阵所困,可见诸葛亮足智多谋。
B.《茶馆》中,常四爷在清朝灭亡后自谋生路,凭良心做事,却生活贫困,晚景凄凉,这说明一个动荡的社会难以让普通人过上幸福的生活。
C.《边城》中,傩送二老一直喜欢老船夫的孙女翠翠,但因为大老的意外身亡,他压抑自己的内心,没有进一步向翠翠表白。
D.《哈姆莱特》中,奥菲利娅的哥哥雷欧提斯认为哈姆莱特地位高贵,其意志并不属于他自己,因此在去法国前叮嘱奥菲利娅不要轻信哈姆莱特的爱情盟誓。
E.《欧也妮·葛朗台》中,老葛朗台在弟弟去世后,为保全弟弟的名誉,按照弟弟来信的请求,给了夏尔路费和一批货,让他远赴印度,接受锻炼。
2.[2018江苏,24,5分]下列对有关名著的说明,不正确的两项是( )A.《三国演义》中,曹操攻陷徐州后,派遣张辽劝降陷入困境中的关羽,关羽提出了“卸甲”的三个条件,这一情节突出了关羽的忠义形象。
B.《茶馆》中,秦仲义说:“只有那么办,国家才能富强!”他说的“那么办”是指通过收回房子、卖掉土地等途径,筹集资金来开办工厂。
C.《风波》中,七斤曾经在喝醉后骂有些遗老臭味的赵七爷是“贱胎”,并在革命后很快剪掉了辫子,这体现了他是一个具有新思想的农民。
D.《老人与海》中,老渔夫圣地亚哥奋力捕到的大马林鱼被鲨鱼给毁了,回到港口后,男孩遗憾地对他说,以后他们俩不能一起捕鱼了。
E.《欧也妮·葛朗台》中,葛朗台太太的性情极好,从不向丈夫要钱,她有着天使般的温柔,她的善良和忍让反衬了葛朗台的冷漠和贪婪。
3.[2017北京,24,3分]鄂温克人与根河有着密切的联系。
下列对经典作品中环境与人物的联系,理解不正确的一项是( )A.大观园是《红楼梦》中人物活动的一个主要场所。
高考语文 专题十六 实用类文本阅读专题考点练习
专题十六实用类文本阅读练习题一．阅读下面的文字，完成后面的题目。
下一个袁隆平在哪里？原春琳张国留在土地上直接从事农业生产的中国年轻人在减少，但这并不是农业部副部长张桃林担心的问题。
他更关心的是，中国的农业正在转型，需要大量的高素质农科人才。
否则，“现代农业”无从谈起。
“其实现代农业跟传统农业有很大的区别。
传统的农民，根本没办法从事现代农业。
”张桃林对记者说。
这不是张桃林一个人的担心。
广西壮族自治区副主席陈章良也有同样的忧虑。
这位中国农业大学原校长，对农业的理解从理论层面真真切切地转到了实际层面，“农业科技太重要了”。
他仅以甘蔗为例，作为甘蔗主产区，如果广西甘蔗产量出了问题，全国的糖价都会迅速上升。
农业院校也在担心。
华南农业大学副校长温思美说，原来部委所属的七八所农业大学，传统的涉农专业学生占在校生的比例不会超过20%，华南农大这个比例则为16%～18%。
尽管重点大学不愁生源，但是传统的涉农专业很难招到高分考生。
对一些涉农专业而言，招生的常态是：高分考生少，第一志愿少。
涉农的职业院校更是让人忧心。
去年，贵州省教育厅副厅长蔡志君当面向教育部部长袁贵仁反映：在近10年的时间里，农业大省贵州涉农的职业学校从13所减少到4所，涉农专业严重萎缩，种植业专业几乎停办，涉农专业招生人数仅占全省招生总数的3%左右，每年涉农专业毕业生还不到3 000人，学生毕业后纷纷到沿海发达地区打工。
农村职业学校生源严重不足是个普遍现象，不少农村职业学校的建筑只有一个教学楼。
与此相对应的是，在职业院校里，一些看起来风光、更容易找到工作的专业，比如，厨师、动漫，则广受青睐。
在这个自由选择的年代，没人能强迫别人作出某种选择。
毕竟，农业的“苦”字招牌一直没有摘掉过。
以涉农专业的大学生为例，有人说，学农的学生看起来比较土。
“天天跟土地打交道，怎么洋得起来？”温思美说：“农科学生要跟着太阳转，跟着地球转。
一年四季，每个季节都有不同的农事，都要去做基本的实践。
分类必刷十六说明类文本阅读-2024年中考语文真题分类必刷
分类必刷十六说明类文本阅读-2024年中考语文真题分类必刷阅读下面两个文本，完成下面小题。
【文本一】让敦煌壁画再“活”两万年①科幻大片《侏罗纪公园》讲述了这样一个故事：科学家找到一块有史前蚊子的琥珀，从蚊子血中提取了恐龙的DNA片段，从而让已灭绝6000多万年的恐龙复活了。
②这故事听起来就像天方夜谭，但2022年天津大学的一项有关DNA存储的研究成果让人们离想象又近了一些。
他们将10幅敦煌壁画的数字图像存入DNA中，通过加速老化等实验，发现这些壁画信息在实验室常温下可保存千年，在9.4℃下可保存两万年。
③DNA竟然可以存储壁画？其实，这并不奇怪。
自有生命以来，大自然一直用DNA来存储信息。
纷繁复杂的人类基因组信息，就是记录在比细胞还小得多的DNA上，一代代遗传下来的。
通过一根头发附带的DNA信息，就能复原生命体的所有遗传信息。
DNA存储了亿万年来无数生物的遗传信息，可谓大自然中最好的存储器。
如果能把海量的信息“写”到小小的DNA上存储起来，岂不便利？④壁画“变身”DNA，需要打破无机与有机的界限，如何才能实现这种“跨界”存储呢？这要从DNA存储的两个步骤——信息写入和信息读取说起。
⑤先说信息写入。
DNA含有A、T、C、G四种碱基，如果用数字中的0、1、2、3分别代表一种碱基，就能形成一个四进制碱基序列，然后通过编码转化，实现碱基四进制和计算机二进制的“对话”。
据此，将敦煌壁画的数字图像转换成二进制的比特串，再通过编码将其转化为四进制的碱基序列，然后通过DNA合成技术将碱基序列写入DNA，壁画的数字图像就“变”为DNA了。
⑥再说信息读取。
正常情况下，可先利用技术手段将DNA存储的壁画数据拷贝出来，再通过专业测序仪器测得其碱基序列，然后通过解码将其转换为二进制数据，从而实现信息读取。
⑦然而，存储了壁画信息的DNA跟天然的DNA一样，长期存放会产生断裂和降解等问题。
如何从严重断裂和降解的DNA样本中读取信息，恢复原始的敦煌壁画图像呢？⑧天津大学团队创新设计了一种序列重建算法来解决这一问题。
2019教育专题十八 选择型阅读理解(试题部分)精品英语
C.A student of the Union. D.A student of the Club. 5.What do we know about the three notices? A.All students have to attend the English talk. B.English Club organizes the tree planting activity. C.A pair of sports shoes was found on the school bus. D.Chen Dong is a student in Class 3, Grade 8. 答案 [语篇解读] 本文是学校公告栏上的内容,其中包含了英语俱乐部的演讲通知、学生会组织 外出植树活动的通知及失物招领等信息。 1.B 细节理解题。题干意为:英语演讲将在哪天举行?根据文章第一个方框的第一句话“An English talk will be held in the school hall from 4 to 6 p.m. on March 7.”可知,英语演讲将在3月 7日举行,B选项符合题意。故选B。 2.A 细节理解题。题干意为:学生们将如何去West Hill?根据文章第二个方框的倒数第四句
.
municate better with international classmates
B.get better grades
Байду номын сангаас
C.get into a good university
D.learn more about history
5.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
专题十二 选择型阅读(试题部分)
深度解析 1.难句分析 原文:Later, my mom and I set up a dinner club that organized monthly events inside my home. 分析:此句为一个主从复合句。主句为主谓宾结构:my mom and I为主语,set up为谓语,a dinner club为宾语。that organized monthly events inside my home为定语从句,对先行词a dinner club 起修饰作用,关系代词为that。 译文:之后,我和我母亲建立了晚餐俱乐部,俱乐部每月在我家举行一次活动。 2.重点词汇 bookstore n.书店;create v.创造;dish n.盘子,菜肴;allow v.允许;monthly adj.每月的
Now I know that when you stop caring whether you'll be famous or do well, your dream will
come to you.
1.The writer is now
.
A.a TV star B.ang with teachers
2.What were sold in Tina's group? A.School postcards. B.Chinese paintings. C.Recycling bags. D.Homemade snacks. 3.How did the visitors feel about the activities? A.Disappointed. B.Satisfied. C.Worried. D.Surprised. 4.How many students like the recycling bags according to the feedback? A.50. B.25. C.15. D.10. 5.Which of the following is TRUE about the activities? A.Nick was the leader of Group 1. B.Twenty-four students offered their feedback. C.The postcards were cheap. D.Student helpers who did well can get prizes.
16专题十六：如何撰写建议书
16专题十六：如何撰写建议书D·家庭人口数；·小孩的年龄；·职业状况；·收入状况；·身体状况。
正确分析出客户感觉到的问题点或想要进行的改善点：找出客户对现状感到不满的地方，若您的销售对象是企业，可以收集各个使用人员对现状的意见。
知道了客户对现状的不满意点，销售人员就能进行构想出改善的方法。
竞争者的状况把握：您要掌握住竞争者介入的状况及竞争者可能带给客户的优缺点、提供客户的各项交易条件等，获得竞争者的情报，您在做建议书时就能抵消竞争者的销售对策，凸显自己的优势，协助客户做正确的选择。
了解客户企业的采购程序：销售人员了解客户企业的采购程序，才能知道建议书的传递对象，同时能把握住建议书是否在对方编制预算前即需要提出，以获得预算的编制。
了解客户的决定习惯：有些客户做购买决定时，习惯收集很详细的资料，巨细糜遗。
有些客户习惯于重点式资料，而要求销售人员到场对建议书说明。
因此事先了解客户购买决定的习惯，您能做出合于客户味口型式的建议书。
建议书的撰写技巧建议书的撰写技巧能帮助您达成建议书的目的，建议书是一个沟通的媒介，它最终的目的是希望获得订单。
如何能让客户看了您的建议书后马上签约呢？您要能满足两个条件：1、让客户感到满足让客户感受到需求能被满足，问题能够得到解决。
客户花钱进行购买行为时，一定是对现状不满或想要改善现状，当客户心里有了这种想法，正在摸索进行时，若是您能即时地提供客户一套适合于解决客户问题的建议案，无异于帮了客户的大忙。
如何才能提出上面这种建议案呢？关键点在建议书的准备技巧中所提的——要能正确地分析客户的问题点。
2、与关键人物的沟通您还要与承办人、承办单位主管、使用人、预算控制部门、关键人士能做有效沟通。
一份建议书不一定会完全经过这五种人过目，此处我们以这五种人做例子，提醒您撰写建议书时如何和这些对象做有效的沟通。
承办人：负责承办的人是代表企业和您沟通的第一线人员，他扮演的角色往往要能替您向企业的上级人员解释说明产品的特性、效用、能改善多少问题、能提升多少效率……等，因此，以承办人的立场，对各项细节都希望能获得充分的信息。