纳米纤维支架

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 48 (2011) 571–576

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International Journal of Biological

Macromolecules

j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e :w w w.e l s e v i e r.c o m /l o c a t e /i j b i o m a

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Fabrication of chitosan/poly(caprolactone)nanofibrous scaffold for bone and skin tissue engineering

K.T.Shalumon a ,K.H.Anulekha a ,K.P.Chennazhi a ,H.Tamura b ,S.V.Nair a ,∗,R.Jayakumar a ,∗

a Amrita Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine,Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre,Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham,Kochi 682041,India b

Faculty of Chemistry,Materials and Bioengineering and High Technology Research Centre,Kansai University,Osaka 564-8680,Japan

a r t i c l e i n f o Article history:

Received 15December 2010

Received in revised form 18January 2011Accepted 24January 2011

Available online 1 February 2011Key words:Chitosan

Tissue engineering Poly(caprolactone)Nanofibers Contact angle

a b s t r a c t

Chitosan/poly(caprolactone)(CS/PCL)nanofibrous scaffold was prepared by a single step electrospinning technique.The presence of CS in CS/PCL scaffold aided a significant improvement in the hydrophilicity of the scaffold as confirmed by a decrease in contact angle,which thereby enhanced bioactivity and protein adsorption on the scaffold.The cyto-compatibility of the CS/PCL scaffold was examined using human osteoscarcoma cells (MG63)and found to be non toxic.Moreover,CS/PCL scaffold was found to support the attachment and proliferation of various cell lines such as mouse embryo fibroblasts (NIH3T3),murine aneuploid fibro sarcoma (L929),and MG63cells.Cell attachment and proliferation was further confirmed by nuclear staining using 4 ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI).All these results indicate that CS/PCL nanofibrous scaffold would be an excellent system for bone and skin tissue engineering.

© 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

1.Introduction

Tissue engineering,a combination of principles of engineering and life sciences to improve tissue function has evolved decades ago [1].The main aspect of tissue engineering is the develop-ment of a suitable scaffold which can mimic the extra cellular matrix.Natural extra cellular matrix is a combination of proteo-glycans (glycosaminoglycans)and fibrous proteins.Certain specific requirements of the scaffolds for tissue reconstruction are ade-quate pore size for cell seeding,diffusability throughout the matrix,and biodegradability.The design of a scaffold involves the selec-tion of a suitable material which is biodegradable,biocompatible as well as non toxic to the cells,selection of a suitable method/type of scaffold which can provide better surface for cell attachment,proliferation and differentiation.The extra cellular environment formed on nanofibers compared to that on solid-walled surfaces has led to the report of increased cellular attachment with several cell lines including osteoblastic cells [2,3],fibroblasts [4],normal rat kidney cells,smooth muscle cells [5],neural stem cells [6],and embryonic stem cells [7].This increased attachment across various cell types provides tissue engineers,a potential tool to generate functional tissues in shorter time frames than would be possible on more traditional scaffolds.As of now so many nat-

∗Corresponding authors.Tel.:+914842801234;fax:+914842802020.E-mail addresses:nairshanti@ (S.V.Nair),

rjayakumar@ ,jayakumar77@ (R.Jayakumar).ural and synthetic polymers as well as their blends have been tried in this case.A wide variety of polymers are used in fabri-cating scaffolds viz-poly(lactic acid)[6],poly(glycolic acid)[8,9],poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)[10],poly(caprolactone)[11],or natu-ral ones such as collagen [12],gelatin [13],silk [14]and chitosan [15,16].Recently there is seen a growing interest in the produc-tion of scaffolds by using natural polymers like chitin [17,18],chitosan [19,20],alginate [21],collagen [22],gelatin [23–25]etc.,due to their non-toxicity,enhanced biocompatibility,cell adhe-sion and proliferation.Since the use of natural polymers have certain disadvantages like low stability,toxic degradation products which can be harmful to the cells,the natural polymers are often blended with synthetic polymers [26,27].Also this have enhanced mechanical properties,degradation stability and enhanced affin-ity to the cellular components.Chitin and chitosan have been used as scaffolds due to their biodegradability,hydrophilicity,non-antigenicity,non-toxicity,antimicrobial activity,bio adherence and cell affinity,which make chitosan the ideal candidate for uses in a wide range of applications [28–31].The scaffold material in our study is a blend of chitosan and polycaprolactone nanofibers obtained by single step electrospinning.In this technique the poly-mer solution is pumped through a syringe,forms fibers when high electric field is applied.When the applied field overcomes the sur-face tension of the polymer solution,the polymer forms continuous filaments and can be collected in a collector which is grounded.Many properties of PCL such as thermal degradation,hydrophilic-ity,biodegradability and mechanical properties can be improved by incorporation of CS in PCL [32].The blend of the both polymers

0141-8130/$–see front matter © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.01.020