化工专业英语

一、句法特点

1、长句多

Many man-made substances are replacing certain natural materials because either the quantity of the natural product cannot meet our ever-increasing requirement, or, more often, because the physical properties of the synthetic substance, which is the common name for man-made materials, have been chosen, and even emphasized, so that it would be of the greatest use in the field in which it is to be applied.

2、大量使用被动语态

As oil is found deep in the ground,its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface,Consequently,a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil,a "drilling rig" is assembled．The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called a "derrick". It is used to lift sections of pipe,which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled,a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in.If oil is struck a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves.

3、形容词短语作后置定语

All radiant energy has wave like characteristics，analogous to those of waves that move through water.

Non-mobile robots，capable of learning to perform an industrial task and then of being left to perform it tirelessly，are now in use in industrial

plants all over the world.

4、非谓语动词使用频率高

Today the electronic computer is widely used in solving mathematical problems, having to do with weather forecasting and putting satellites into orbit.

Numerical control machines are most useful when quantities of products to be produced are low or medium；the tape containing the information required to produce the part can be stored，reused or modified when required.

二、语法特点（汉译英）

1、在科技英语中往往采用客观的叙述,所以表示将来时用will,而很少用be going to表示将来

The new aircraft will fly for the first time on Monday.

2、表示纯粹未来用will，如:明年开始生产这种新机器.

Production of the new machine will commence next year.

表示能力用will,can,capable和be able to。如:这几架飞机的飞行速度可达每小时800英里.

These planes (will,are able to,can ) fly at 800 miles per hour.

表示经常发生的事用will。如:当我们给它加热时这种固体会汽化.

This solid will vaporize when we heat it．

表示有时发生的事用may, can。如:金属迅速冷却会产生裂缝。

Metal which cools rapidly (may or can) cause fracture.

表示能够用can。如:我们可以很容易地算出热量损耗.

We can easily calculate the heat losses.

表示可能性用can,may。如:丙酮(可用)水进行吸收。

Acetone (maybe or can be) absorped in water.

3、可用should表示告诫。如:这些机器应当小心操作.

These machines should be handled with (great）care.

如:任何时候都应注意安全措施.

Safety precautions should be observed at all times.

可用should说明某一情况

如:Carbon content in steel should not be more than 0.5％．

如:The maximum internal diameter should be 4 tenths of an inch.

最大内径应为4/10英寸.

可用should表示期待

如:This building should be completed by the end of next year.

4、在科技翻译中,如果动作主体是人的时候,在句末通常不用by短语,因为这种短语是多余的. 如:可用多种方法产生热.

Heat can be generated in several ways by us.

其中的by us就是多余的.但是动作主体不是人时,就应当在英译中加上by短语.

如:现代工业需要大量的蒸汽.

Large quantities of steam are required by modern industry.

如:没有足够的水就无法发展农业.

Agriculture cannot be developed without sufficient water．

如:爆炸是由燃料与空气中的氧迅速化合而引起的.

Explosion is caused by the rapid combination of the fuels with the oxygen in the air.

如:设计者应当承担事故的一切责任.

All responsibility for the accident must be accepted by the designers.

5、科技英语中常用名词+名词的结构,在此结构中前面的词相当于后面名词的定语,用来表示多种不同的关系.

表示原材料：如:石油产品oil products=products made from oil