情态动词表虚拟和推测-已整理
情态动词表推测用法总结(整理稿)
情态动词表推测用法总结（一）情态动词表推测能用于表推测的情态动词：英语情态动词表推测的时态构成（1）语气部分：（以下情态动词语气由强至弱）肯定句：must、may、might（=could）否定句：can’t（=couldn’t）、mayn’t、mightn’t疑问句：can、could（语气更加委婉不确定）（2）时态部分：一般现在或一般将来时间的推测：情态动词+be；情态动词+v.对过去时间的推测：情态动词+have done对正在进行的时态的推测：情态动词+be doing（二）表许可、请求1、 can, could2、may, might3、must4、shall5、will, would1. can, could1) 用在疑问句中，表示一般的请求。
两者不同在于：用could 要比用can更加委婉，特别是没有把握得到允许时。
Can I go with you? 我能和你一起去吗？Could I ask you something? 我能问你一个问题吗？2) 用在陈述句中，表示许可：You can leave when you finish your work. 做完事情后你才可以走。
2. may, might1) may用在疑问句中，也表示一般的请求。
同can相比，may比较正式，常常表示尊敬之意。
并且，may在疑问句中常用于第一人称，很少有May you…/they…这样的句型。
Might比较少用在疑问句中，它表示请求的时候常用陈述句。
May I make a suggestion? 我可以提个建议？2) 用在陈述句中，表示许可，此时与can, could相近。
You may have a rest before we set out again. 我们再次出发之前你可以先休息一下。
3. must1) 表示说话人“不许”和“禁止”某人做某事，有很强的劝告语气。
Cars must not be parked here.此地不准停车。
语法情态动词表示推测
1.表示肯定的推测时，各情态动词语气从弱到强依次为:might-may-could- can –must; 表示否定推测时，can’t/couldn’t 语气较强，意为“不可能”，may not/ might not 语气较弱，意为“可能不”.2.must 只用于肯定句，意为“一定，准是”Eg.They have been working hard all day. They must be tired.can 多用于否定句和疑问句。
Could 可用于各种句式。
Eg.Can the story be true?He can’t be at home, for I saw him going shopping just know.may/might 用于肯定句和否定句，意为：“可能（不）,也许（不）”eg.It may or may not rain. I ‘m not sure.Peter might come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.should/ought to 用于肯定句，意为“（按理说）应该/应当……”eg.It’s already ten. She promised to come by ten. She should be here1.特定语境中，“情态动词+have done”表示“本来应该……”could have done本能做但未做，表虚拟语气eg.I could have done it well , but I wasn’t so careful then.might have done 本可以做（却没有），有时表示很委婉的责备。
eg.You might have phoned me, though you were busy then.should have done 过去本应该（但实际却没有）eg.We should have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead.演练：一．用情态动词填空1.她现在不可能在办公室。
情态动词讲解(虚拟、推测、基本用法)
情态动词情态动词表示说话人对动作或状态的各种观点和态度，是辅助性动词，在句中不能充当谓语。
一、虚拟：Why didn’t Sophie apply for the job? She could have got it.You shouldn’t have watched TV last night.He is still young. You needn’t have sent him such an expensive present.★didn’t need to do 本没必要做也没做If I had time, I would attend the meeting.If he had hurried ,he could have caught the trainIf it should \were to rain, we would call off the match.★错综时间条件句If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.★without, with, but for, otherwise,but等词或短语可构成含蓄条件句Without water, there would be no life.But for your help, we wouldn’t have finished the task.★如果虚拟条件句中有were ,had, should，可省略if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式．Were I at school again, I would study harder.Had you come earlier, you would have met him.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.3．虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用用于宾语从句I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.I wish (that) I would\could go.★insist, order, command,suggest, advise,propose, require, demand,request,ask,desire(期望)等表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等含义时，宾从用(should) doThey insisted that the boy (should) go with them.★上述动词的名词形式可带有表语从句和同位语从句，仍使用虚拟My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.4．虚拟语气在其他句型中的应用★It’s ( high ) time that sb. did……..★would rather that sb. did ( 现在或将来) / had done（过去）…….★so that, in order that引导的目的状从中，谓语动词常用may/ might/ can/ could doHe must be very lazy, for his desk is very untidy.The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.Can the story be true?The light isn’t on. It might be broken.★should表示对现在或将来的推测，译为“照理应该”，常伴有相应的时间状语。
情态动词表推测和虚拟的区分
情态动词表推测和虚拟的区分1，情态动词表推测must表示推测时，可以推测现在/正在发生的动作/过去发生的动作。
He must have a car now. （现在）他一定有辆小汽车。
He must be doing his exercises in the classroom.（正在进行）他一定在教室里做练习。
He must have finished the work.（过去发生）他一定已完成了工作。
2，can’t/couldn’t+ have done，表示对过去发生的动作进行推测。
He can't have gone to Shanghai for I saw him a minute ago.他不可能去了上海，我刚才还看见他。
3，may和might的用法（1）may, might表示推测“可能性”时，意思是“可能”、“也许”（3）may, might可以推测现在正在发生的动作或过去发生的动作。
He may / might be sleeping now.The boy may / might not be watching TV at home.这个男孩可能没在家看电视These students may / might have seen the film before.（过去）这些学生以前可能看过这部电影。
He may / might be American. = It is possible that he is American.他可能是个美国人。
例题1–That man must be Sarah’s husband.--No, he_____ be her husband. She is still single.A. can'tB. mustn'tC. may notD. ought to2 Peter _____come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure.A. mustB. mayC. canD. will3–I saw Mary in the library yesterday.--You_____ her. She is still abroad.A. mustn't seeB. can't have seenC. mustn't have seenD. couldn't see2，情态动词表虚拟should have done过去本来应该（而实际上并没有…)should not have done 过去本不应该做…而实际上却已经…”如：1、We should have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead . 我们昨晚本应学习的，但我们却去看音乐会了。
情态动词表推测完全总结
情态动词有can, could, may, might, must, have to, ought to, need, dare, shall, will, should, would, be able to,及半情态动词be to do, had better等16个。
have to, need, dare, shall, be able to,be to do, had better等7个不用于表推测。
2）表示否定的猜测时can't / couldn't语气最强，指“不可能”；may / might not语气最弱，意思是“可能不”。 3)一些情态动词表猜测时的用法限制。 must只用于肯定句； may/ might一般不用于疑问句； could可用于各种句式； 而can多用于否定句、疑问句，用于肯定句时，多指“客观可能性”。 如： Lightning can be very dangerous.闪电可能会非常危险。
must, will, would, ought to, should, can, could, may, might等9个都可用于表推测。
情态动词表推测用法总结
除了can只用于现在或过去时间外，其它各词都可以对过去、现在或将来的情况，做出语气强弱不同的猜测。
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①He may/ might come tomorrow. 明天他可能会来。（将来） ②He may/ might know it. 他可能知道这事。（现在） ③He may/ might be waiting for you now. 他可能正在等你。（现在进行） ④He may/ might be waiting for you when you get there tomorrow. 明天你到那里时，他可能会在等着你。（将来进行）
表推测的情态动词
A
“情态动词+have done” 的用法。
B
must have done “过 去一定做了某事”
C
表示对过去的一种肯定性 推测。
D
eg. She must have gone by bus.
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It must have rained last night, for
F
the road is quite muddy.
二．can/could have＋done“过去可能 做了某事”， “could have＋done”也可表示‘‘过去本可以做某事但实际上却没
有做” eg. He was not at home last night, he could have gone to the cinema. I could have finished my homework last night, but I was too sleepy.
ought to/should h a ve d on e ,” 表 示 本 应该做某事，而事实 上并没有做”。
○ 否定句表示“ 本不 该做某事而实际上 做了”。
○ 你在实验中本应该 更仔细些的
You ou g h t to/should have been more careful in this experiment.
Hale Waihona Puke 1“can/could not ＋have ＋ done”“过去
03 她 不 可 能 去 你 家 ， 她 不 知 道 你 的 地 址 。
05 h o u s e ； s h e d o e s n o t k n o w yo u r
02 不 可 能 做 了 某 事 ”
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初中英语知识点归纳情态动词的推测和建议
初中英语知识点归纳情态动词的推测和建议情态动词（Modal Verbs）是英语中一类特殊的动词，它们用来表示说话者对事件发生的可能性、必要性、能力或意愿等情态。
情态动词在句子中通常和其他动词一起使用，帮助表达说话者的态度、观点和建议。
本文将对初中英语中涉及到的情态动词的推测和建议进行归纳总结。
一、推测（Speculation）情态动词可以用来表达对某种情况或事件的推测或猜测。
1. must (必然)：例句：He has been studying really hard, so he must pass the exam.中文翻译：他一直很努力学习，所以他一定会通过考试。
2. might (可能)：例句：She looks tired, so she might not feel like going out tonight.中文翻译：她看起来很累，所以可能不想今晚出去。
3. could (可能)：例句：I could be wrong, but I think he is the one who took my book.中文翻译：我可能错了，但我认为是他拿了我的书。
4. may (可能)：例句：Tom may come to the party tonight, but he hasn't confirmed yet.中文翻译：汤姆可能会来参加今晚的派对，但他还没有确定。
5. can't (不可能)：例句：She can't have forgotten her own birthday!中文翻译：她不可能忘记自己的生日！二、建议（Advice）情态动词还可以用来表达对他人的建议或提出自己的建议。
1. should (应该)：例句：You should take a break and relax. You've been working too hard.中文翻译：你应该休息一下放松一下，你工作太辛苦了。
情态动词表推测用法总结(整理稿)
情态动词表推测用法总结（一）情态动词表推测的三种句式能用于表推测的情态动词：must, can, could, will, would, may, might, should, ought to1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定)，may（可能），might / could（也许，或许）。
（1）He must/may/might know the answer to this question?他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。
（2）It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating.屋里很冷，他们肯定把暖气关了。
2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。
（1）It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America.这不可能是校长，他去美国了。
（2）He may not/might not know the scientist.他也许不认识那位科学家。
3.疑问句中用can/could (能……?)。
（1）Could he have finished the task?他可能把任务完成了吗？（2）Can he be at home now?他现在能在家吗？注：以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。
Might, could并非may, can的过去式，而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。
（二）情态动词表推测的三种时态1.对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词 + 动词原形”。
（1）She must / may / might / could arrive before 5.5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。
（2）She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。
情态动词表虚拟和推测-已整理
情态动词 + have done动词 + 动词完成式即“情态动词 + have + done ”，表示对过去行为或动作进行推测、评 论或判断。
这个结构是近几年高考情态动词的重点和难点。
一、在虚拟语气中的用法1. should have done 表示“过去本应该做某事却未做。
”其否定结构 表示 “过去本不该做某事却做了。
2. ought to have done 表示“过去本应该做某事却未做。
”其否定结构 oughtn't to have done 表示 “过去本不该做某事却做了。
”3. need have done 表示“过去本有必要做某事却未做。
”其否定结构表示 “过去本没必要做某事却做了。
4. could （ 不能用 can ） have done 表示“过去本能够做某事却未做。
”注意：其否定形式 couldn't have done 没有虚拟语气的用法， couldn't have done 只能表推测， 相当于 can't have done ，意为：“过去不可能做了某事。
”5. might （ 不能用 may ） have done 表示“过去本可以做某事却未做。
” 注意：其否定形 式 might not have done 没有虚拟语气的用法， might not have done 只能表推测，相当 于 may not have done ，意为：“过去可能没有做某事。
”二、表推测的用法1. must have done表示对过去某事的肯定猜测，译为：过去肯定做了某事。
不存在式。
其否定或疑问形式须用 can （could ） 来表示 . 例如：Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night. 肯定下雨了。
He can't have missed the way. I drew him a map. 他不可能迷路。
情态动词表示推测
must have done (表肯定性推测) “肯定,准是,” can’t /couldn’t have done (表否定性推测)“不可能” It must have rained last night,for the road is wet.(It can’t/couldn’t have rained last night.)
Ten passangers were in a car!It can’t have been a comfortable jurnery.
(可能性大)
4.He may have gone to Beijing yesterday.
(可能性小)
5He might have gone to Beijing yesterday.
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There was plenty of time.She needn’t have hurried.
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You shoulห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ have come to the meeting.
--- He must be Mr. Li.(肯定是)
--No,he can’t be Mr. Li. Mr.Li has
gone to Britain.(不可能是)
We may be late for class.It’s already seven to five.(也许)
You mustn’t play with fire!
另外,在虚拟语气中还有:
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would have done… 表示“本来会….．”
但实际上并没有发生
情态动词表示推测的用法
1.对现在(事情)推测
2.对过去(事情)推测
情态动词和虚拟语气用法简表及总结推荐文档
做…”，指实际上的可能性，表示对现在或将来推测may/might (no t)have done “可能(没有)做过…”, 表示对过去的推测。
做…”表对现在或将来推测can/could( not) have done“可能(没有)做过…”，表对过去的推测。
(注：canhave done常用于否定句或疑问句。
)冃疋形式。
表示对现在或将来推测。
must havedone “一定做过…”，只有冃疋形式，表示对过去的推测。
should/ought(n't) to have done “应该(没有)做过…”，表示对过去的推测。
必、料想(没有)做…”，表示对现在或将来的推测；will/would( not) havedone “想必、料想(没有)做过…”，表示对过去的推测。
表虚拟might(n ')do表对现在或将来虚拟。
might(n ')have done“过去本(不)可能做过…(而实际上相反)”,表示对过去的虚拟。
could( n't) do表示对现在或将来虚拟。
could( n't)have done“过去本(不)能够做过…(而实际上相反)”，表示对过去的虚拟。
无n eed( n't) havedone“过去本(不)需要做…(而实际上相反)。
表示对过去的虚拟should( n't) do表示对现在或将来的虚拟。
should( n't)/ought( n't) tohave don e“过去本(不)应该做过…(而实际上相反)”表示对过去的虚拟。
would( n't) do表示对现在或将来的虚拟。
would( n't)have done“过去本将(不)会做过…(而实际上相反)” 表示对过去的虚拟。
补充：1•根据情态动词表推测的确信程度大小可作如下排序：must>will>would>ought to>should>ca n> could>may>might2. shall的用法：(1) shall用于一、三人称疑问句中，表示征求对方的同意或向对方请示。
一.情态动词表推测 有答案
一.情态动词表推测（一）意思：表示肯定推测的情态动词按可能性大小依次为must, should / ought to, may, might, could；否定推测，常用can’t / couldn’t，译为“不可能”,表示推测的语气非常肯定，may not, might not译为“可能不”、“也许不”，表示推测的语气不很肯定。
（二）句式：顺口溜:肯不肯, 妈妈肯，妹不问。
即: can不用于肯定式; must仅用于肯定句；may(might)不用于疑问式，用于否定和疑问句。
1．can 通常只用于否定句或疑问句，一般不用于肯定句，而could 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。
两者没有时间上的差别，只是could 比can 更委婉，更不确定。
can’t 不可能It can’t [couldn’t] be true. 那不可能是真的。
What can [could] they do? 他们会在干什么呢?We could go there this summer. 今年夏天我们可能要去那儿。
(1) —I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.—It _d__ Harry’s. He always wears green.A. has to beB. will beC. mustn’t beD. could be（2）You ___b___ be hungry already ,you had lunch only two hours ago!A. wouldn’tB. can’tC. mustn’tD. needn’t(3)—D o you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.—Well. He ___c___ have gone far——his coat’s still here.A. shouldn’tB. mustn’tC. can’tD. wouldn’t(4) Michael _b_ be a policeman,for he's much too short.A.need'tB.can'tC.shouldD.may注：can 有时也用于肯定句中表示推测，主要用于表示理论上的可能性(即从理论上看是可能的，但实际未必会发生)Anybody can make mistake. 任何人都可能犯错误。
(完整版)情态动词表推测归纳
情态动词表推测归纳一、can／couldcan和could没有时态上的区别，只是表示可能性的大小，can表示的可能性比could大。
（1）对现在或将来动作或状态的推测The shy girl can’t (couldn’t) be our monitor.这位害羞的女孩不可能当我们的班长。
（2）对过去事实的推测can （could）＋have＋动词过去分词，表示推测过去某动作“可能”发生了，或者表示过去某动作有可能发生，但未发生，意为“本来可以……”。
can’t （could’t）＋have＋动词过去分词，表示推测过去动作一定没有发生。
He’s an hour late, and the bad weather can have delayed him.他迟到了一小时，可能是恶劣的天气使他耽误了。
The road isn’t wet. It couldn’t have rained last night.路面没有湿，昨天晚上肯定没下雨。
二、may/might（1）对现在或将来动作或状态的推测She may (might) be washing her clothes.她可能正在洗衣服。
（2）对过去事实的推测A.may／might＋have＋动词的过去分词，表示推测过去某动作“也许”发生了；might＋have＋动词的过去分词，表示推测的语气更加委婉。
He says that she may/might have misunderstood him.他说她可能误解他了。
B.may/might＋have＋been＋动词的现在分词，表示推测过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行。
He may/might have been buying stamps when you saw him.你看见他时他可能正在买邮票。
三、must（1）对现在动作或状态的肯定推测“must＋动词原形”和“must＋be＋动词现在分词”表示对现在动作或状态的肯定推测；“can’t＋不带to的不定式”，表示对现在动作的否定推测，意为“一定没有……”。
专题03 情态动词和虚拟语气(解析版)(全国通用版)-高考英语复习
专题03 情态动词和虚拟语态情态动词★ 情态动词：can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, will, would, need ,dare1. 表示推测的情态动词1.1基本原则：1.1.2 对现在或将来情况推测，用情态动词+do / be / be doing…对过去的推测，用情态动词+have done / been…1.1.3表示肯定推测的情态动词,按可能性由大到小依次为:must> should / oughtto>may>might>could1.1.4否定推测，按语气由强到弱依次为：can’t / couldn’t（根本不可能）>may not> mightnot/could not(可能不)。
1.2 具体用法：1.2.1 must be表示推测，意为“一定是……” 只用于肯定句中must have done意为“一定做过某事或某事肯定发生了” 并且有前文铺垫e.g. Listen! There must be some children in the room.The road is wet. It must have rained last night.1.2.2 should (not) / ought (not) to在中表示根据常规或常识推测，表示“某事应该或不应该发生”e.g. It is nearly 7 o’clock. Jack should be here at any moment.You shouldn’t be texting in the class now. We are having a lesson.(should not 含有责备之意)1.2.3 can, could表达推测时，一般用于疑问句和否定句中；can用于肯定句中表示一种理论上的可能性，意为“有时候会…”，并不牵涉是否真的会发生；could用于肯定句中，语气比may/ might更弱。
虚拟语气及情态动词表推测
虚拟语气复习If 条件句从句（条件）主句（目的）例句与现在事实相反did/were should / would/could / might + do If I had time, I would attend the meeting.与过去事实相反had done should / would/ could / might + havedone If he had hurried, he could have caught the train.=Had he hurried, he could …与将来事实相反 1.did2.should do3.were to do should / would/could / might + do If I were to go abroad, I would go toAmerica.含蓄条件句Otherwise（否则），or，without，but for（要不是）,if only（要是...多好）引导的虚拟语气She would have died without my help.If only I were a flying birdwish/hope/asif/as though / would rather that 后1.表示与现在事实相反,谓语用did/were He treats the boy as if he were his own son.2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语had done He spoke as if he had known about it3.表示与将来事实相反用would (might, could)+do He acts as if he could win in the game .一个坚持insist，两个命令order,command，三个建议suggest, advise, recommend，四个要求ask, demand, request, require 这些词后的复合句：(should) doWe suggested that the meeting (should) beput off.We all agree to that suggestion that themeeting (should) be put off.“It is(was)+形容词/名词+that…sb. (should ) do 常用的形容词：natural，appropriate，advisable，necessary，important，urgent，probable，possible，desirable，strange, pity,adviceIt’s quite necessary that we （should ）havea walk now.It’s a pity that you (should) miss a g oodchanceIt is (about/high) time+that sb. （did/should do）“该做……..的时候了”注：should不可省略It is high time that you went / should go to school.情态动词+have donemust have done(另：对现在的肯定猜测：must be/do ）对过去的肯定推测（只能用于肯定句）译为“过去肯定…”She must have earned much money, for he bought an expensivecar last week.can’t / couldn’t have done (另：对现在的否定猜测：can’t be/do) 对过去的否定推测（只能用于否定句）译为“过去不可能做了…”He can’t have gone far, for his coat is still here.He couldn’t have known the decision, but someone told him.can/could have done 本来能够做而没做He could have visited the Great Wall but it suddenly began torain yesterday.may/might（not）have done 可能（没有）做过某事I can’t find purse anywhere. You may have dropped it whenyou were shopping in the market.should/ought to have done 本来该做而没做You should have come to school if you were really seriousabout your study.should not /ought not tohave done本来不该做却做了We oughtn’t to have given him so much money.needn’t have done 本来不必做却做了You needn’t have finished the homework because you were ill.。
虚拟语气及情态动词表猜测(表格简化版)
虚拟语气复习If 条件句从句（条件）主句（目的）例句与现在事实相反did/were should / would/could / might + do If I had time, I would attend the meeting.与过去事实相反had done should / would/ could / might + havedone If he had hurried, he could have caught the train.=Had he hurried, he could …与将来事实相反 1.did2.should do3.were to do should / would/could / might + do If I were to go abroad, I would go toAmerica.含蓄条件句Otherwise（否则），or，without，but for（要不是）,if only（要是...多好）引导的虚拟语气She would have died without my help.If only I were a flying birdwish/hope/asif/as though / would rather that 后1.表示与现在事实相反,谓语用did/were He treats the boy as if he were his own son.2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语had done He spoke as if he had known about it3.表示与将来事实相反用would (might, could)+do He acts as if he could win in the game .一个坚持insist，两个命令order,command，三个建议suggest, advise, recommend，四个要求ask, demand, request, require 这些词后的复合句：(should) doWe suggested that the meeting (should) beput off.We all agree to that suggestion that themeeting (should) be put off.“It is(was)+形容词/名词+that…sb. (should ) do 常用的形容词：natural，appropriate，advisable，necessary，important，urgent，probable，possible，desirable，strange, pity,adviceIt’s quite necessary that we （should ）havea walk now.It’s a pity that you (should) miss a goodchanceIt is (about/high) time+that sb. （did/should do）“该做……..的时候了”注：should不可省略It is high time that you went / should go to school.情态动词+have donemust have done(另：对现在的肯定猜测：must be/do ）对过去的肯定推测（只能用于肯定句）译为“过去肯定…”She must have earned much money, for he bought an expensivecar last week.can’t / couldn’t have done (另：对现在的否定猜测：can’t be/do) 对过去的否定推测（只能用于否定句）译为“过去不可能做了…”He can’t have gone far, for his coat is still here.He couldn’t have known the decision, but someone told him.can/could have done 本来能够做而没做He could have visited the Great Wall but it suddenly began torain yesterday.may/might（not）have done 可能（没有）做过某事I can’t find purse anywhere. You may have dropped it whenyou were shopping in the market.should/ought to have done 本来该做而没做You should have come to school if you were really seriousabout your study.should not /ought not tohave done本来不该做却做了We oughtn’t to have given him so much money.needn’t have done 本来不必做却做了You needn’t have finished the homework because you were ill.【练习巩固】一．语法填空：1.Mr.Jones thought that he must __________(arrive) by the night train and decided to walk to the university.2.It seems as if it_____________(be) winter now.3.What would have happened if you ______________(not help) her child？4.It is strange that he _____________ (think) so.5.I wish I ____________(meet) my uncle yesterday.6.Galileo insisted that the earth______________(move) the sun.7.But for your help, I couldn’t _______(find) the place.8.What do you think would happen if there __________(be) no light in the day?9.I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I ________(go) to the party.10.It is high time you________(take) the medicine ,sir.11.I wish I ____________________( attend) the meeting yesterday.12.I wish I __________________(can) fly.13.He wished he ___________________(not fall) in love with her before.14. I would rather you _______________(paint) the wall green next time.15.I would rather she _______________(not do) that.16.If only I ______________(take) your advice at that time.17. If only I ________(be) a bird!18. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ______ (do) it.19. Don’t handle the vase as if it ______(be) made of steel.20. If he ______ (follow) my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job.21. We took a taxi to the lecture hall. Otherwise we ______ (be) late for the meeting.22.The designer could not ____________ (dream) that she would become such a global star as she is today.23. If an adventurous holiday is what one is after, then a hike along Shu Road shouldn’t _________(miss)二、单句改错：1.If I was you, I would run faster.2.If I live near my office, I would walk to work.3.I know nothing about the film. If I knew about it, I will tell you.4.If she worked hard enough, she would have passed the English exam.5.If it were not rain tomorrow, they might go to the Great Wall.6.Should the weather fine, we might go on a trip.7.She was very busy yesterday, otherwise she would come to the meeting.8.We had a wonderful time yesterday. You should not have come.-----why didn’t you come?9.How I wish I can pay a visit to Paris.10. It’s high time that we go to bed.语法填空答案1. have arrived2. were3. hadn’t helped4. (should) think5. had met6. moves7. have found8. were 9. would have gone 10. took 11. had attended 12. could13. hadn’t fallen 14.painted 15. hadn’t done 16. had taken 17. were 18.had done 19 .were 20.had followed 21.would have been 22.have dreamed (dreamt) 23. be missed改错1.was—were2. live—lived3. will—would4. she+ had5. not+ to6. weather+ be7. would + have8. 去掉not9. can—could10. can---could 10. go—went。
情态动词和虚拟语气用法简表及总结
情态动词和虚拟语气用法简表及总结表推 测 项 目 作用表情 态做…”，指 实际上的 做…”表 对现在或将 肯定形 式。
表示should/ough 必、料想（没有）做…”， 可能性，来推测对现在或t(n ' t) to 表示对现在 表示对现将来推have don e“应 或将来的推 在或将来 can/could( 测。
该（没有）做 测；推测not) have must过…”，表示 will/would may/migh done “可能 have对过去的推 (not) have t（没有）做done “一测。
done “想必、 (no t)hav 过…”，表 定做料想（没有） e don e“可 对过去的推过…”，只做过…”，表 能（没有） 测。
（注：can 有肯定形示对过去的 做过…”， have done 式，表示推测。
表示对过 常用于否定 对过去的去的推 句或疑冋推测。
测。
句。
）might(n could(n ' t 无need( n should(n ' t would( n't) 't) do 表）do 表示对't) ）do 表示对现 do 表示对现对现在或 现在或将来have 在或将来的 在或将来的 将来虚 虚拟。
done虚拟。
虚拟。
拟。
could(n ' t“过去 should(n ' t would( n't) might(n )have done本（不） )/ought(n ' have done't) have “过去本需要 t) to have “过去本将 done “过（不）能够做做…done “过去本（不）会做 去本（不） 过…（而实（而实 （不）应该做 过…（而实可能做 际上相际上相 过…（而实际 际上相反）” 过…（而 反）”，表示反）。
表 上相反）”表 表示对过去 实际上相对过去的虚示对过示对过去的 的虚拟。
情态动词表推测完全总结
使用不当的情态动词表推测
总结词
使用不当的情态动词表推测是常见的错误，如使用 "will"来表示未来的可能性。
详细描述
情态动词中，"will"通常表示未来的事实或确定性，而 不是可能性。在表示推测时，应使用其他情态动词， 如"may"、"might"、"could"、"can"、"should"、 "ought to"、"likely"、"probable"、"possible"等。
01
用于否定推测的常用情态动词有 “can't”、“couldn't”、 “shouldn't”。
02
表示对过去、现在或将来的情况 作否定推测，通常与完成时态或
将来时态连用。
用于否定推测时，语气从强到弱 依次为“can't > couldn't > shouldn't”。
03
例句：She can't have left already.（她不可能已经离开了。）
语境理解错误导致的误用
要点一
总结词
语境理解错误导致的情态动词误用是常见的错误，如根据 不充分的信息做出过于肯定的推测。
要点二
详细描述
在使用情态动词表推测时，应充分考虑语境和信息来源的 可靠性。如果信息不充分或不可靠，应谨慎使用情态动词 ，避免做出过于肯定的推测。同时，应注意区分客观事实 和主观猜测，避免将主观猜测表达为客观事实。
will/would 表推测
总结词
表示基于现有信息对未来的推测。
情态动词表推测和虚拟的用法
情态动词情态动词（一）表能力表现在的能力：1. can 2. am/is/are able to表将来的能力：will be able to表过去的能力：1.could 2. was/were able to 表过去的能力并且成功的做了= managed to do sth/ succeeded in doing sth3. could have done 表过去有能力本能做但未做例如：I could have worked out the problem, but I was too nervous.我本来可以解出这道题的，但我太紧张了（二）表推测（可能性）1.①客观可能性：说明人或事物特征can例句：He ought to/should be here on time-he started early enough.他应该准时到这儿——他出发得够早的。
(1)肯定句表推测（must/have to, should/ought to, may, might, could）(2)否定句中表推测（m ay not, might not, shouldn’t, can’t, couldn’t）(3)疑问句中表推测（can, could）例句：Could he be serious? 他是认真的吗?3.情态动词+have done用法汇总must have done 过去肯定推测can’t /couldn’t have done 过去否定推测can / cannot have done 过去可能推测“可能做了/不可能做了”，其中can have done 用于疑问句could / could not have done （1）过去可能或不可能做（表推测）（2）过去本能够做/没做够做（表虚拟）may /may not have done 过去也许已经做了/没做（表推测）如：He may not have finish the work. 他可能没有完成这项工作。
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情态动词+ have done动词+ 动词完成式即“情态动词+ have + done”，表示对过去行为或动作进行推测、评论或判断。
这个结构是近几年高考情态动词的重点和难点。
一、在虚拟语气中的用法1. should have done 表示“过去本应该做某事却未做。
”其否定结构shouldn't have done 表示“过去本不该做某事却做了。
”2. ought to have done 表示“过去本应该做某事却未做。
”其否定结构oughtn't to have done 表示“过去本不该做某事却做了。
”3. need have done 表示“过去本有必要做某事却未做。
”其否定结构needn't have done 表示“过去本没必要做某事却做了。
”4. could (不能用can) have done 表示“过去本能够做某事却未做。
”注意：其否定形式couldn't have done 没有虚拟语气的用法，couldn't have done 只能表推测，相当于can't have done，意为：“过去不可能做了某事。
”5. might (不能用may) have done 表示“过去本可以做某事却未做。
”注意：其否定形式might not have done 没有虚拟语气的用法，might not have done 只能表推测，相当于may not have done，意为：“过去可能没有做某事。
”二、表推测的用法1. must have done表示对过去某事的肯定猜测，译为：过去肯定做了某事。
不存在mustn't have done 的形式。
其否定或疑问形式须用can(could) 来表示. 例如：Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night. 既然路是湿的，那昨天晚上肯定下雨了。
He can't have missed the way. I drew him a map. 他不可能迷路。
我（当时）给他画了张图。
“The dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it?”词典不见了，（过去）谁可能把它拿走了？2. may / might have donemay / might have done 表示“过去可能做了某事”。
may 比might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。
may/might not have done表示“过去可能没有做某事。
”例如：I can't find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday. 我找不到我的钥匙了。
我可能昨天把他们落在学校了。
John may/might not have passed the exam; he looks very sad.约翰可能没有通过考试。
他看起来很忧伤。
注意：may/might have done表推测不能用于疑问句中。
3. can/could have done 表推测一般用在否定句和疑问句中，表示不相信或怀疑的态度。
Can/Could he have passed the exam?他可能通过了考试吗？I think that he couldn’t/can't have gone abroad. I saw him just now.我认为他不可能出国了。
我刚才还看见他了。
注：表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时，就表示的可能性程度而言，must 最大，could 其次，may 更次之，might 最小。
例如：“I wonder how Tom knew about your past.”“我想知道汤姆是怎么知道你的过去的。
”“He must / could / may / might have heard of it from Mary.”“他肯定/很可能/可能/兴许（没准儿）已从玛丽那儿听说此事了。
”三、高考例析1. Sorry I'm late. I ________ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. （2000 北京春季）A. mightB. shouldC. canD. will答案为A。
表推测的用法。
句意：对不起，我迟到了。
我（当时）兴许是关了闹钟又回去睡觉了。
might 相当于may, 但语气更加不肯定。
2. I was really anxious about you. You_________ home without a word. （01 全国）A. mustn't leaveB. shouldn't have leftC. couldn't have leftD. needn't leave答案为B。
虚拟语气用法。
句意：我（那时）真地很担心你。
你本不应该不留个话就离开家。
3. —I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.—You________ her last week. （04 福建）A．ought to tell B．would have told C．must tell D．should have told答案为D。
虚拟语气用法。
句意：---我明天要告诉她我的新工作的情况。
---你本应该上周告诉她。
4. —Tom graduated from college at a very young age.—Oh, he ______ have been a very smart boy then. （04 全国IV）A. couldB. shouldC. mightD. must答案为D。
表推测的用法。
句意：——汤姆很年轻的时候就大学毕业了。
——哦，他肯定是一个很聪明的男孩儿。
5. He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside. (05 北京卷)A. shouldB. mustC. wouldn'tD. can't答案为B。
用法同4题。
句意：他肯定做完了工作，不然他就不会在海边痛快地玩儿了。
6. —Do you know where David is? I couldn't find him anywhere.—Well. He have gone far—his coat's still here. （05湖北卷）A．shouldn't B．mustn't C．can't D．wouldn't答案为C。
表推测的用法。
句意：—你知道大卫在哪儿吗？我哪儿也找不到他。
—瞧，他不可能走远—他的上衣还在这儿呢。
can't 相当与couldn't，但后者语气更加委婉。
四、练习1. —The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.—Oh, dear! She _______ a lot of difficulties! (05 江苏卷)A. may go throughB. might go throughC. ought to have gone throughD. must have gone through2. I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ it somewhere. （05 北京春季）A. must dropB. must have droppedC. must be droppingD. must have been dropped3. Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn't show up. （04 广西）A. should have arrivedB. should arriveC. should have had arrivedD. should be arriving4. He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. （05 山东卷）A. couldB. wouldC. mustD. need5. —Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?—Something ________ to him. (05 江西卷)A．must happen B．should have happenedC．could have happened D．must have happened6. I _______ have been more than six years old when the accident happened. （05 天津卷）A. shouldn'tB. couldn'tC. mustn'tD. needn't7. This cake is very sweet. You __________ a lot of sugar in it. （05 辽宁卷）A．should put B．could have put C．might put D．must have putKey: D B A A D B D。