纪录片《美国：我们的故事》全12集剧情
美国我们的故事观后感
美国我们的故事观后感《美国，我们的故事》是一部揭示美国历史、文化和价值观的纪录片。
通过展示美国各个方面的故事，该片向观众展示了这个国家发展的轨迹以及其独特之处。
观看完这部纪录片后，我深受启发，对美国的故事有了更深入的了解，同时也对它的发展路径和挑战有了更多的思考。
整部纪录片以美国的历史为脉络，从殖民地时期一直延伸到现代。
片中穿插了许多关键时刻以及历史上的重大事件，例如美国独立战争、南北战争、美国内战，以及全球大萧条、世界大战等。
通过这样的编排方式，观众可以直观地感受到美国历史的起伏和曲折，更加深入地理解美国所面临的困境和走过的艰辛。
纪录片对美国的文化多样性也做出了充分的展示。
从各个方面介绍了美国人民的饮食习惯、宗教信仰、音乐和艺术等，以及来自不同地区的文化风景。
这让我深刻地认识到美国是一个融合了各种文化的国家，这种多元性为美国带来了无尽的活力和创造力。
与此同时，纪录片还深入探讨了美国的核心价值观。
宪法保护的言论自由、人权和平等在美国社会中起着重要的作用。
片中通过展示不同人群的故事，告诉观众们这些核心价值观是如何在美国人民心中铸就的。
正是这些价值观的力量，让美国成为一个自由和包容的国家。
然而，纪录片也没有回避美国所面临的问题和挑战。
片中揭示了美国历史上的社会不平等，例如对待非洲裔和土著人民的不公平待遇，以及移民问题和社会分裂等。
这些问题在美国社会中一直存在，通过这部纪录片，观众们可以更加客观地看待这些现象，并思考如何更好地解决这些问题。
《美国，我们的故事》给我留下了深刻的印象。
它通过生动的故事、真实的纪录片片段和专家的解读，帮助观众更好地了解美国的历史和文化。
它不仅展示了美国独特的发展轨迹，还揭示了这个国家所面临的挑战和机遇。
这部纪录片对于理解美国的过去和现在有着重要的意义。
通过观看这部纪录片，我深深地被美国人民的坚韧精神和对自由的追求所打动。
他们在困难和危机面前保持着乐观和创造力。
作为一个国家，美国已经走过了漫长而艰辛的历程，取得了许多成就。
THE STORY OF US 字幕(我们的故事12集全)
THE STORY OF US 字幕[00:01.00]原创翻译：YYeTs人人影视HDTV版本时间轴调整：TruthBear [00:05.10][00:07.47]回顾美国独立与革新的历程History has earned some inspiring look[00:10.11][00:10.13]让我们看到了历史鼓舞人心的一面at how self-determination and innovation made America.[00:14.78][00:17.46]现在有请美利坚合众国总统作特别介绍Now, a special introduction from the President of United States.[00:23.09][00:23.35]晚上好Good evening.[00:24.37][00:24.79]两百多年前全世界拭目以待Over two hundred years ago, the world waited and watched to see[00:28.60][00:28.62]美国独立这个看似不可能的尝试能否成功if an unlikely experiment called America would succeed[00:31.98][00:32.52]美国终于独立了不是因为必然也并非轻而易举It has. Not because the success was certain, or because it was easy,[00:36.62][00:36.64]而是因为几代美国人为了一个无比崇高的理想but because generations of Americans dedicated their lives[00:39.90]奉献出了自己宝贵的生命与无上的荣耀and the sacred honor to a cause greater than themselves.[00:43.11][00:43.87]在历史发生巨大变革时这一点尤为突出This has been especially true in moments of great trial[00:47.29][00:47.69]当一群身处底层的爱国者为了争取when a ragtag group of patriots overthrew an empire[00:50.56]生存自由与追求幸福的权利而推翻帝王统治时to secure the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness,[00:53.93][00:54.22]当一位伊利诺伊州的扳道工when an Illinois rail splitter[00:56.09][00:54.22]美国前总统林肯曾在该州当过扳道工[01:01.29][00:56.11]向我们证明无论何时proved for all time that[00:57.79]一个"民有民治民享"的政府才能长久the government of, by and for the people would endure.[01:01.29][01:01.56]当游行队伍以人人平等自由和公正的名义when marchers' brave beatings on the Alabama bridge[01:04.67][01:04.69]用有力的步伐震撼亚拉巴马大桥时in the name of equality, freedom and justice for all.[01:08.23][01:08.56]这些历史时刻在提醒我们Moments like these remind us[01:09.95]美国的传奇从来都不是必然that our American stories have never been inevitable, [01:12.02][01:12.59]它们都是由平凡的人们创造而来those made possible by ordinary people,[01:14.49][01:14.51]他们的道德罗盘始终指向正直与真实who kept moral compass pointed straight and true[01:17.05]纵然前途未卜when the way seemed treacherous,[01:18.71][01:18.80]纵然山高路险when the climb seemed steep,[01:20.46]纵然凶吉难定when the future seemed uncertain,[01:22.35][01:22.85]他们被誉为people who were recognized[01:24.13]美利坚精神大厦的基石as the fundamental part of our American character.[01:26.49][01:26.79]我们能改善自己We can remake ourselves,[01:28.40]改善我们的国家以实现更大的梦想and our nation to fit our larger dreams. [01:30.97][01:31.58]今晚通过这部纪录片Tonight, thorough the series,[01:33.30][01:33.31]我希望你能受到这群卓越的男人和女人的启发I hope you'd be inspired by these extraordinary men and women,[01:36.87][01:37.12]并且思考一下我们这代人and think about how this generation[01:39.24]将会如何书写伟大的美国传奇的新篇章will write the next chapter in our great American story.[01:42.53][01:43.06]谢谢预祝观赏愉快Thank you, and enjoy the show.[01:44.76][00:00.00]■[00:03.00][01:58.33]我们是民族融合的国家We are a land of many nations.[02:01.04][02:01.59]我们是新世界的探索者We are New World explorers.[02:04.38][02:04.99]我们是团结的平民We are the huddled masses.[02:07.24][02:07.68]我们渴望自由Yearning to breathe freedom,[02:09.66][02:09.75]并为此不惧牺牲we'll risk it all.[02:11.35][02:12.17]我们敢于梦想看似不可能的梦We have the courage to dream the impossible, [02:14.44]并使之成为现实and make it the truth.[02:15.96][02:16.34]我们坚持到底We stand our ground.[02:18.23][02:18.72]挑战宿命义无反顾Charge headlong towards our destiny.[02:21.90][02:31.77] 美国:我们的故事[02:36.37][02:43.50] 第一集反抗者[02:48.28][02:45.91]满载着商人与信徒的船只Shiploads of businessmen and true believers[02:48.72]正在横渡大西洋以期建立一个新世界are crossing the Atlantic Ocean to create a new world.[02:53.93][02:55.78]1610年5月May 1610.[02:57.84]在哥伦布发现新大陆的120年后120 years after Columbus,[03:01.07]这仍是一段危险的旅程it's still a perilous journey.[03:02.97][03:04.70]其中的一艘"解放号"上One ship, The Deliverance,[03:06.75]载着一样即将永久改变美国的货物carries a cargo that will change America forever. [03:09.69][03:10.77]都来帮忙啊All hands over here.[03:12.28]船上是24岁的英国农民约翰·罗尔夫Onboard is John Rolfe, a 24-year-old English farmer.[03:17.68][03:18.19]他有野心有自信有远见Ambitious, self-reliant, visionary.[03:21.26][03:21.27]是位天生的企业家A born entrepreneur.[03:23.55][03:23.73]这段在今天乘飞机只需六个小时的旅程What takes us six hours today by plane [03:26.51]在当时却需要至少两个月was then a voyage of more than two months.[03:29.42][03:31.19]早期冒险者中十个中有七个Seven of the early adventurers out of every ten [03:34.02][03:34.03]活不过第一年will be dead within a year.[03:36.09][03:36.23]喂看见陆地了Land ahoy![03:37.57][03:38.52]但是冒险是值得的But the risks are worth it.[03:40.41][03:42.24]北美大陆是终极机遇之地North America is the ultimate land of opportunity. [03:45.51][03:57.10]一块拥有大量待开发资源的大陆A continent of vast untapped wealth.[04:00.22][04:01.41]首先是所有资源中最有价值的... Starting with the most valuable resource of all... [04:04.21][04:05.73]土地land.[04:07.22][04:11.81]这块后来成为三亿多人家园的土地What will be home to more than 300 million people[04:15.14][04:15.15]有几乎一半的面积被成片的森林覆盖着lies under a blanket of forest covering nearly half the land.[04:19.73][04:20.09]共有超过五百亿棵树More than 50 billion trees.[04:22.79][04:28.28]再往西就是九百万平方英里的美洲荒原Further west, 9 million square miles of vast American wilderness.[04:33.48][04:34.64]六千万只美洲野牛在平原上狂奔60 million bison roam the plains.[04:37.57][04:47.20]在地下据说有钻石白银... And underground,there are rumors of gems, silver... [04:52.42][04:54.24]和世界上最大的黄金矿层and the largest seams of gold in the world.[04:57.33]黄金国西班牙人理想中南美洲的宝藏[05:01.29][04:57.33]移民们预期黄金储量不亚于理想中的黄金国The settlers expect nothing less than El Dorado.[05:01.29][05:16.43]但罗尔夫在英国殖民地詹姆斯敦看到的... But what Rolfe finds at the English settlement of Jamestown...[05:19.98][05:20.40]是人间地狱is hell on Earth.[05:22.49][05:25.88]在罗尔夫之前已有五百多名移民先期到达More than 500 settlers made the journey before Rolfe.[05:29.50][05:29.63]有人吗Hello?[05:31.00][05:32.67]有人吗Hello?[05:33.29]只有六十人活了下来Barely 60 remain.[05:35.33][05:36.87]当时正是"饥荒时期" It's called "The Starving Time".[05:40.56][05:42.64]在吃完了马和其它动物之后Having fed on horses and other animals,[05:46.22]我们吃掉了靴子鞋子we ate boots, shoes,[05:48.88]和其它任何能找到的皮革and any other leather we came across.[05:51.53]谁来救救我啊Somebody, help![05:52.86]就在罗尔夫到达三个月前Three months before Rolfe arrives,[05:54.80]有人因杀害自己怀孕的妻子并企图吃尸体a man is burned at the stake for killing his pregnant wife[05:58.15]而被处以火刑and planning to eat her.[06:00.01][06:04.45]这些英国人毫无准备地来到了这个新世界The English arrive unprepared for this new world[06:08.13]并且不愿从事体力劳动and unwilling to perform manual labor.[06:11.03][06:12.17]他们带来的不是牲畜Instead of livestock,[06:13.38]而是检测黄金的化学试剂they've brought chemical tests for gold...[06:16.81]但他们从未找到任何黄金that they never find.[06:18.70][06:21.64]并且这里也不是他们的地盘And this is not their land.[06:24.65][06:27.81]詹姆斯敦建在一个北美原住民部落领地中间They build Jamestownin the middle of a Native American empire.[06:31.72][06:33.28]60名食不果腹的移民被2万个波瓦坦族人包围60 starving settlers among 20,000 of the Powhatan Nation,[06:38.38]这些原住民的弓箭armed with bows and arrows[06:40.31]要比需要重新装子弹的英国滑膛枪that are up to nine times faster to reload and fire [06:43.93]快9倍than an English musket.[06:44.92][06:47.72]双方很快就成了敌人They're soon enemies.[06:50.24][06:52.58]最初的移民中只有一成活了下来Only one in ten of the original settlers is left. [06:56.26][06:59.80]约翰·罗尔夫没有像其他人一样John Rolfe didn't come to plunder and leave [07:02.35]劫掠之后扬长而去like the others.[07:03.81][07:05.42]他有自己的计划He's got his own plan.[07:07.33][07:09.59]烟草的利润很高并且在英国国内很有市场There's money in tobacco, and England is addicted.[07:13.60][07:17.56]他带来了一批南美烟草的种子He's arrived with a supply of South American tobacco seeds,[07:20.98]但当时只有西班牙殖民地出产这种作物but growing it is limited to the Spanish colonies.[07:26.72]西班牙人因此控制了烟草国际贸易The Spanish control the worldwide trade. [07:29.81][07:31.79]在当时向外国人出售烟草种子会被处以死刑Selling tobacco seeds to foreigners is punishable by death.[07:35.92][07:37.47]但约翰·罗尔夫还是想办法弄到了一些But John Rolfe has got his hands on some. [07:40.20]没人知道他是怎么做到的No one knows how.[07:42.10][07:43.17]在切萨皮克湾的暖湿气候And in the warm, humid climate[07:44.98]和肥沃土地的滋养下and fertile soil around the Chesapeake Bay,[07:47.25][07:48.20]罗尔夫的烟草长势喜人Rolfe's tobacco crop flourishes.[07:50.99][07:52.11]这些烟草种子带来的首次大丰收The first large harvest produced by these seeds [07:55.19]即使放在今天价值也超过一百万美元is worth more than a million dollars in today's money.[07:58.50][07:58.65]美国前进的伟大动力就是我们的人民The great strength of America is our people. [08:02.02]如果你想知道如何定义美国前进的动力If you wanna know what it is the defining strength of America,[08:04.25][08:02.18]科林·L·鲍威尔将军[前美国国务卿][08:06.18][08:04.25]答案就是我们的人民我们的移民传统it is our people, our immigrant tradition, [08:08.01]我们兼容并蓄的文化our bringing in cultures from all over the world.[08:11.60]我知道成功是怎么回事I know what goes into making success.[08:14.22]真正的成功很少是运气的因素And when somebody's really successful, it's rarely luck.[08:18.86][08:14.50]唐纳德·J·特朗普[美国地产大亨][08:19.50][08:18.86]而是天分智力还有许多其它的因素It's talent, it's brain power, it's lots of other things.[08:23.30][08:23.83]罗尔夫娶了波瓦坦部落联盟首领的女儿Rolfe marries the daughter of the king of the Powhatan Empire.[08:27.70][08:29.73]她的名字已成为传奇波卡洪塔斯Her name becomes legend: Pocahontas. [08:33.88][08:34.89]罗尔夫使她在英国家喻户晓In England, Rolfe makes her a celebrity[08:37.04]她的肖像被当做新世界生活的广告when her face is put on a portrait that sells all over London,[08:40.38]在整个伦敦热卖advertising life in the New World.[08:46.03]莎士比亚在作品中提起过殖民地Shakespeare mentions the colony.[08:48.05][08:48.06]英国的有钱人都往这里投资England's rich invest money here.[08:50.39]所有的伦敦人都知道这片富饶的土地All of London knows about this land of plenty. [08:54.09][08:58.68]在两年内烟草进入了千家万户的菜园Within two years, tobacco grows in every garden.[09:02.67][09:04.30]詹姆斯敦由人间地狱变成了美国第一座兴旺之城From a living hell, Jamestown is America's first boomtown.[09:09.47][09:13.66]两年后又有近一千名移民来到了这里Two years later, nearly 1,000 more settlers arrive,[09:17.25]其中的19人来自非洲西部including 19 from West Africa.[09:20.18][09:21.32]奴隶Slaves.[09:22.47][09:24.87]但其中一些人后来在弗吉尼亚有了自己的土地But some go on to own their own land in Virginia.[09:28.22][09:33.37]在詹姆斯敦建立12年后12 years after the founding of Jamestown,[09:36.49][09:33.80]小亨利·路易斯·盖茨[哈佛大学非洲和非裔美国人研究所所长][09:38.80][09:36.49]黑人在殖民地的形成过程中起到了重要作用Africans were playing a shaping role in the creation of the colonies.[09:42.56]这一点非常惊人That's pretty incredible.[09:44.38][09:45.47]30年后弗吉尼亚的移民超过了两万人30 years later, there are over 20,000 settlers in Virginia.[09:49.91][09:51.75]可以说没有烟草就没有美国America is founded on tobacco.[09:54.80][09:55.14]在接下来的一个半世纪里For the next century and a half,[09:56.99][09:57.00]它一直是这块大陆最主要的出口产品it's the continent's largest export.[09:59.36][10:11.41]在罗尔夫抵达詹姆斯敦的十年后Ten years after Rolfe arrives in Jamestown, [10:14.92]又有一批英国移民登上了北美大陆another group of English settlers lands in North America.[10:18.38][10:25.94]他们在一处荒凉的海滩靠岸They come ashore on a deserted beach[10:28.94]这里距詹姆斯敦的海岸有450英里450 miles up the coast from Jamestown,[10:32.18]他们把此地命名为"普利茅斯" and call the place Plymouth1,[10:34.62]以纪念他们起航的英国港口after the English port they sailed from.[10:37.61][10:39.29]他们是移民大潮里的另一朵浪花These are a different breed of settler,[10:42.14]一群信仰不同但都热爱生活的人a group of religious dissidents with faith at the center of their lives.[10:46.65][10:49.57]他们成功横渡了危险的大西洋They made the dangerous Atlantic crossing,[10:51.85]希望能在新世界找到信仰自由seeking religious freedom in the New World.[10:54.82][10:58.90]24岁的印刷学徒爱德华·温斯洛24-year-old apprentice printer Edward Winslow [11:02.96]是和一群清教徒一起arrives with a group of religious sectarians[11:06.70]乘坐"五月花号"来到这里的on a boat called the Mayflower.[11:09.65][11:11.64]1621年4月他们的殖民地逐渐成型By April 1621, their settlement is taking shape. [11:16.43][11:16.57]"五月花号"返航英国The Mayflower returns to England.[11:19.96][11:25.18]他们只能在这片陌生的土地上自力更生了The Pilgrims are on their own in an unknown land.[11:29.60][11:30.75]我们充满希望与热情地A great hope and inward zeal we had[11:34.14]在这块遥远的土地上of laying some great foundation[11:36.45]为子孙后代的繁衍生息for the propagating and advancing[11:38.48]和天国福音的传播the gospel of the kingdom of Christ,[11:40.28][11:40.38]奠定坚实的基础in those remote parts of the world.[11:43.13][11:44.41]十九个家庭They're 19 families.[11:46.52]饲养着山羊鸡猪狗Goats, chickens, pigs and dogs.[11:50.07][11:50.08]他们还有手纺车椅子书籍和枪支They have spinning wheels, chairs, books, guns.[11:55.20][11:56.97]而且没有回头路And no way home.[11:58.88][11:59.08]只要把这个地方描绘成机遇之地If you create this environment as a land of opportunity,[12:02.85][12:02.74]迈克尔·道格拉斯[著名演员][12:07.74][12:02.85]就能吸引到那些then you're gonna attract those type of people[12:07.35][12:07.36]愿意冒险愿意赌一回的人who wanna take that risk, who have-- wanna take that[12:12.20]和那些坚信生活会更好的人and who believe in a better life.[12:16.01][12:17.22]他们的目的地原本是哈德逊河口They were heading for the Hudson River,[12:19.71]然而靠岸地点却向北偏了200英里but they've landed 200 miles further north [12:23.33]时间正是初冬at the beginning of winter.[12:25.36][12:27.71]当时正值一个小型冰期They have arrived in the middle of a mini ice age,[12:30.68]气温普遍比现在低2度temperatures 2 degrees colder than today.[12:33.92][12:37.00]冬天更长适合作物生长的时间更短Winters are longer, growing seasons shorter. [12:40.71][12:48.01]土地贫瘠The soil is poor.[12:49.94][12:50.23]颗粒无收Little grows.[12:51.94][12:52.42]食物严重短缺Food supplies run low.[12:54.60][12:57.58]在前三个月中超过一半的清教徒死于饥荒In the first three months, more than half the Pilgrims die.[13:01.14][13:04.93]威廉·布莱福特是一位社区总督William Bradford is the governor of a community [13:07.93]他所辖的社区很快陷入了困境soon in desperate trouble.[13:09.77][13:10.58]上帝似乎喜欢每天以死亡问候我们It pleased God to visit us with death daily. [13:14.77][13:14.99]疾病蔓延Disease was everywhere.[13:17.41][13:17.69]活着的人几乎没有力气埋葬死人The living were scarcely able to bury the dead. [13:21.29][13:21.76]有时一天就有两三个人去世They died sometimes two or three a day.[13:24.99][13:25.44]在这一百多人中只有不到五十人幸存下来Of 100 and odd persons, scarce 50 remained.[13:30.49][13:32.26]有时只有六个人能有足够的力气At times, only six are fit enough[13:36.22]继续盖房子to continue building their shelters.[13:37.45][13:40.11]苏珊娜·怀特的丈夫死于第一年冬天Susanna White's husband dies that first winter. [13:43.28][13:46.15]爱德华·温斯洛的妻子也在一个月后去世Edward Winslow's wife perishes a month after.[13:49.61][13:51.46]几个星期后怀特和温斯洛结婚了Within weeks, White and Winslow marry.[13:55.78]他们后来有了五个孩子They'll have five children.[13:57.59][13:59.61]在今天超过10%的美国人Today more than 10% of all Americans[14:03.11]家谱可以追溯到"五月花号"上can trace their ancestry back to the Mayflower. [14:06.06][14:16.58]普利茅斯一度成为了他们所寻求的避难所For a time, Plymouth provides the sanctuary they sought.[14:20.56][14:20.83]爱德华Edward![14:22.80][14:23.07]爱德华Edward![14:24.96][14:25.42]爱德华快去看看那边Edward, please go and look over there![14:28.54][14:29.61]但和詹姆斯敦一样他们也不是这里的主人But like Jamestown,there were others here first.[14:33.69][14:44.37]1621年4月April 1621.[14:47.15][14:47.36]清教徒们来到新世界已经五个月了The Pilgrims have been in the New World for five months.[14:50.51][14:50.55]只有一半的人挺过了第一年冬天Barely half survive the first winter.[14:53.47][14:54.55]但他们不是第一批来到这片海岸的欧洲人But they're not the first Europeans to arrive on this coast.[14:58.46][15:00.12]五年前欧洲轮船带来了白人移民和瘟疫Five years before, European ships brought light-skinned people and plague.[15:06.21][15:06.37]几乎九成的原住民因此丧生Almost nine out of ten of the local people are wiped out.[15:10.20][15:19.28]波卡诺基特人不需要敌人The Pokanoket people don't need enemies.[15:22.42]他们和清教徒和平共处They make peace with the Pilgrims.[15:24.74][15:25.73]他们教会了英国人They teach the English[15:27.33]如何用鱼做肥料在沙土中种庄稼how to grow crops in sandy soil, using fish for fertilizer.[15:31.33][15:34.99]但他们想要回报But they want something in return.[15:37.27][15:38.60]他们有一个宿敌另一个敌对部落They have a common enemy--a rival tribe.[15:42.43][15:42.55]而英国人拥有强大的武器And the English have powerful weapons.[15:45.74][15:52.87]清教徒们并不是军人The Pilgrims aren't soldiers.[15:54.89]但在这个新世界But in the New World,[15:56.44]他们不得不为了生存而战they have to fight to survive.[15:58.34][16:02.73]1621年8月14日On August 14, 1621,[16:05.50]清教徒和波卡诺基特人准备联手Pilgrims and Pokanoket, shoulder to shoulder, [16:08.98][16:08.99]发动一次突袭will launch a surprise attack[16:11.45]这次突袭将决定他们在这片土地的未来that will seal their future in this new land. [16:14.52][16:14.54]这次一共出动了14名男子It was resolved to send 14 men,[16:17.48]装备精良well-armed,[16:18.98]准备在深夜一举擒下这个部落and to fall upon them in the night.[16:21.14][16:21.93]首领下了命令不要放过任何一个The captain gave charge: Let none pass out. [16:26.50][16:50.71]对方部落猝不及防The rival tribe doesn't know what hit them.[16:53.88][16:55.95]被团团包围Surrounded,[16:57.48]对英国枪火毫无还手之力they have no answer for English firepower.[16:59.98][17:01.37]波卡诺基特人和清教徒们Pokanoket and Pilgrims[17:03.20]找到了彼此之间的共同点find common ground...[17:04.54][17:05.23]也发现了共同生存的机会and a chance to survive.[17:07.32][17:14.14]意想不到的同盟结成了Two unlikely allies.[17:16.72]这种同盟关系在北美极为罕见A partnership all too rare in North America. [17:20.69][17:22.67]我们发现印第安人We have found the Indians[17:24.62]非常遵守与我们达成的和平公约very faithful in their covenant of peace with us. [17:28.03][17:28.11]他们没有任何宗教信仰They are people without any religion[17:30.39]不知神灵为何物or knowledge of any God,[17:32.29]却非常值得信赖yet very trusty,[17:34.82]反应很快quick of apprehension,[17:37.58][17:37.59]机智无比而且有极强的正义感ripe-witted... and just.[17:40.34][17:41.78]他们的胜利给殖民地带来了Their victory brings[17:43.72][17:43.73]很长一段时间的和平a period of peace to the colony.[17:45.18][17:45.23]他们以一场盛宴来庆祝彼此的友谊Their friendship is celebrated in a feast.[17:48.42][17:48.51]那就是感恩节的由来In time, it will become known as Thanksgiving.[17:52.23][17:53.16]开拓美洲的目的之一One of the main themes in the founding of America[17:56.53][17:53.63] 鲁道夫·W·朱利安尼[前纽约市市长][18:02.80][17:56.53]是为了找一个可以扩大生意was a place to do business,[18:00.71]扩展视野的地方a place to expand your horizons,[18:02.80]一个可以过你自己愿意过的生活 a place to live a life of your own,[18:05.01]信仰自己愿意信仰的宗教的地方practice your own religion.[18:06.95]这些基本理念Those are the basic themes[18:09.07]使得许多人飘洋过海来开拓殖民地that brought people to these shores to colonize. [18:12.79][18:18.82]这是一个繁荣时代的开端It's the start of a period of prosperity,[18:22.02]将完全改变北美that will transform North America.[18:24.23][18:27.50]从詹姆斯敦和普利茅斯开始From Jamestown and Plymouth,[18:29.74]殖民者的后代遍布整个大陆their descendants grow across the landscape.[18:32.55][18:37.06]越来越多的人越过大西洋As more and more people cross the Atlantic--[18:40.08]成千上万thousands, tens of thousands,[18:43.04]不同背景的人带着不同的理由来到这里people with different backgrounds, different reasons for being here...[18:47.80][18:51.58]美利坚成为了全世界的人都渴望到达的地方America becomes the place for everybody from everywhere.[18:55.34][18:58.16]大家孤注一掷Rolling the dice,[18:59.74]汇聚到一起形成了最初的13个殖民地coming together to create 13 colonies. [19:03.11][19:03.72]农业从詹姆斯敦传播到了南方From Jamestown, agriculture spreads across the South,[19:07.94]以前脏乱的小农庄也变成了大的种植园农场dirt farms transform into sprawling plantations.[19:12.01][19:12.88]爱尔兰人德国人和瑞典人不断向前推进Irish, Germans,and Swedes push back the frontier.[19:17.33][19:19.40]荷兰人将他们的生意带到了The Dutch bring commerce to[19:20.77]哈德逊河口处的一个小岛上a small island at the mouth of the Hudson River.[19:23.62][19:25.74]后来这里被命名为纽约In time, it will be named New York.[19:28.99][19:30.34]比起留在欧洲的同胞The colonists are 2 inches taller,[19:32.56]移民们平均要高2英寸也更加健康and far healthier, than those they left behind in Europe.[19:36.24][19:36.52]平均每个清教徒家庭养了8个小孩The Puritans average eight children,[19:39.86]孩子活到成年的比例是欧洲同胞的两倍and they are twice as likely to survive to adulthood.[19:43.13][19:44.14]比欧洲同胞更富有20% They are 20% richer[19:46.15]赋税只相当于英国本土的1/4 and pay only 1/4 of the taxes of those in England. [19:49.70][19:49.83]许多人仍然认为自己是英国人Many still think of themselves as British,[19:52.93]但是随着一代一代的成长but each generation grows[19:54.89]这种意识越来越淡薄further from its roots.[19:56.24][19:57.77]这一现象在波士顿尤为突出Nowhere more so than Boston.[20:00.35][20:01.37]1768年5月9日May 9, 1768.[20:04.37][20:04.47]到了约翰·罗尔夫首次烟草收成以来的第七代Seven generations after John Rolfe's first tobacco harvest,[20:08.27]英国人想要分更大的一杯羹the British want a bigger piece of the action.[20:11.72][20:17.26]英国海关官员发动了对"自由号"的突袭A British customs official springs a surprise raid on The Liberty,[20:21.47]它是约翰·汉考克的船a ship belonging to John Hancock,[20:24.37]他是波士顿最富有的人之一one of the richest men in Boston.[20:26.20][20:28.73]但汉考克的船员另有企图But Hancock's crew has other ideas.[20:31.64][20:38.70]他们偷运了100桶进口酒不想交税They're carrying 100 casks of imported wine and don't want to pay duty.[20:44.05][20:46.22]对于远在3000英里以外的国王It's a radical act of rebellion[20:48.43]此举不啻于公然的抗税against taxes imposed by a king 3,000 miles away.[20:53.04][20:55.00]对于英国当局来说他们就是走私To the British, they're just common smugglers. [20:58.56][20:59.84]这场贸易前哨战改变了一切This mall skirmish changes everything.[21:02.74][21:02.75]英国当局扣押了汉考克的船The British seize Hancock's ship,[21:04.95]此举引发了整个波士顿的骚乱triggering riots that sweep through Boston.[21:07.87][21:08.12]我们不想缴税给国王We didn't wanna pay taxes to a king[21:10.88]不想缴税给一个我们没有发言权and to a parliament where we didn't have a voice,[21:13.68][21:10.98] 阿伦·索尔金[剧作家][21:14.88][21:13.68]也没有任何议员代表我们的议会and we didn't have any representation.[21:15.54][21:16.18]我们美国人天生就对政府有种怨恨We have a natural resentment toward government,[21:18.75]也正因此我们才得以独立which was how we were born.[21:22.35][21:24.41]英国国王派了4000名士兵到波士顿去执法The king sends 4,000 redcoats to Boston to enforce his laws.[21:29.64][21:30.64]波士顿是贸易之城文化之城Boston was a city of commerce, culture,[21:34.68]文明之城也是革命之城civilization, and revolution,[21:36.70] 小亨利·路易斯·盖茨[哈佛大学非洲和非裔美国人研究所所长][21:41.45][21:36.70]就是在殖民者到来之后英国人到来后unfolding right before the eyes of the colonists[21:39.45]发展起来的and the eyes of the British.[21:41.54][21:49.73]1768年10月October 1768.[21:52.24][21:52.42]英国士兵紧紧钳制着波士顿British soldiers clamp down on Boston,[21:55.47]它是通往大英帝国的关键港口a port crucial to the British Empire...[21:58.28][21:59.34]也是全球商业贸易的枢纽and a hub of global trade and commerce.[22:02.39][22:07.92]它的造船厂是世界最繁忙的船厂之一Its dockyards are some of the busiest in the world,[22:11.13]利用美国海量的木材储备年产200艘船producing 200 ships a year from America's vast timber reserves.[22:16.58][22:18.77]英国1/3的船都是在殖民地建造的1/3 of all British shipping is built in the colonies. [22:22.79][22:25.60]木材供给支持着全球经济的发展Timber fuels the global economy...[22:28.20][22:29.74]就像当今的石油一样much like oil does today.[22:31.97][22:38.23]整个新英格兰境内Across New England,[22:40.12]最高最粗壮的树都被做上了记号marks identify the tallest, strongest trees[22:42.51]他们将被用来建造英国船只selected by the crown for British ships.[22:45.32][22:47.12]英国的大部分森林已不复存在England has lost most of its forests.[22:49.98][22:50.22]所以把目光投向了美国的森林It wants American wood.[22:52.25][22:56.95]在波士顿每四个市民就有一名英国士兵In Boston, there's one redcoat for every four citizens.[23:01.18][23:02.14]整个城市完全被控制了It's a city under occupation.[23:04.64][23:07.12]保罗·里维尔是一名银匠Paul Revere is a silversmith[23:10.07]也是波士顿知名大商人之一and one of Boston's prominent businessmen...[23:12.04][23:12.51]一点都不像危险分子an unlikely subversive.[23:14.81]傲慢的英国兵浩浩荡荡地进城They formed and marched with insolent parade, [23:17.93][23:18.82]军乐阵阵旗帜飞扬drums beating, fifes playing, and colors flying,[23:23.01]每名士兵都配发了16发弹药each soldier having received 16 rounds of powder and ball.[23:27.30][23:27.49]他是典型的中上层阶级He is an upper-middle-class figure,[23:30.67]全靠自身努力奋斗得到现有的一切someone who has risen through his own efforts, his own talent.[23:34.20][23:34.21]他代表了这样一群人He represents what we have created on our own[23:37.62][23:35.67]理查德·诺顿·史密斯[乔治梅森大学历史学家][23:37.67][23:37.62]几乎不靠英国亲友帮忙白手起家with very little help from our cousins across the Atlantic.[23:42.14][23:42.31]但是当北美革命一触即发时But when revolution comes to North America... [23:45.03][23:47.44]里维尔将身处革命的最前沿Revere will beat the center of it.[23:50.39][24:57.08]包括波士顿在内的13个殖民地Boston and the 13 colonies[24:59.40]可以说是英国经济发展的发电站are an economic powerhouse,[25:01.55]对英国来说至关重要critical to Britain.[25:02.94][25:07.36]英国出口的物品将近40%都来到了美国Nearly 40% of everything exported from Britain, makes its way to America.[25:12.33][25:15.58]捕鱼船队将成千上万吨的腌鳕鱼运往加勒比海The fishing fleet ships thousands of tons of salted cod to the Caribbean.[25:20.15][25:22.96]又将糖和糖蜜运往英国Returns with sugar and molasses...[25:25.51][25:25.68]那些都是制作朗姆酒的原料raw material for rum.[25:27.89][25:28.96]每一项进出口贸易都要向英国交税Taxed by the British after every exchange. [25:32.38][25:35.73]在非洲朗姆酒被当作货币In Africa, rum is the currency used[25:38.06]可以用来购买最赚钱的货to purchase the most profitable cargo of all...[25:41.23][25:45.82]非洲黑奴African slaves.[25:47.87][25:49.41]在1700年到1800年间Between 1700 and 1800,[25:52.39]超过25万的非洲人被运往美国殖民地more than 1/4 of a million Africans are brought to the American colonies.[25:57.03][25:57.28]大都是被强迫做了奴隶而非自愿前去More slaves than all those who came of their own free will.[26:01.24][26:05.15]大部分人被送往南方大种植园Most wind up on large plantations in the South. [26:08.69][26:08.80]不过黑人对美国北方经济发展也至关重要But they're also critical to the economy of the North.[26:11.99][26:12.10]波士顿10%的人口是黑人10% of Boston's population is black.[26:15.82][26:16.54]波士顿就像一个大熔炉气氛越发紧张Boston is a melting pot, and tension is building.[26:20.53][26:21.41]没有人喜欢自己家里有侵略者Nobody likes invaders in their homes.[26:23.68] 安妮特·戈登·里德[罗格斯大学历史学教授][26:30.78][26:23.68]让外国人来到这片土地To have people here, foreigners on your soil,[26:27.57]某种程度上反而激励了人们去战斗is something-- is a great incentive for people to fight.[26:30.78][26:32.24]1770年3月5日March 5, 1770.[26:34.60][26:35.49]持续三天的动乱后After three days of unrest,[26:37.68]一群暴民游荡在大街小巷中an angry mob roams the streets.[26:40.31]成百上千的人没了工作Hundreds of men who lost their jobs[26:42.16]他们聚集到国王街咒骂英国当局and blame the British gather on King Street[26:46.09][26:46.79]和八个被下令不准开枪的英国士兵对峙and face off against eight redcoats with orders not to fire.[26:51.55][26:53.07]接下来发生的事情彻底改写了美国历史What's about to happen will change America forever.[26:57.46][26:58.78]17岁的制假发学徒A 17-year-old wig maker'sapprentice,[27:01.02]爱德华·加里克点燃了导火线Edward Garrick, lights the fuse.[27:04.47][27:09.18]战斗是这样开始的This is how wars start.[27:11.95][27:20.49]兄弟们上Come on, let's have it![27:22.91][27:26.09]士兵休·蒙哥马利被打了一棒Private Hugh Montgomery is hit with a club.[27:29.11][28:04.48]非裔美国人克里斯珀斯·阿塔克斯An African-American, Crispus Attucks,[28:08.12]当场死亡dies instantly.[28:08.81][28:12.58]大家跑啊Everybody, run![28:14.36][28:31.13]硝烟散尽时又死了四个人When the smoke clears, four more are dead.[28:34.74][28:37.91]波士顿如何回应将改变历史的发展进程How Boston reacts will change the course of history.[28:41.84][28:45.69]既是银匠Silversmith[28:46.20]又是政治激进分子的保罗·里维尔and political radical Paul Revere[28:48.76]雕出了英国士兵在波士顿街头captures the moment British soldiers kill five colonists[28:50.54]杀死五个殖民地人的画面in the streets of Boston.[28:53.76][28:55.28]他的雕刻将加速革命的爆发His engraving will fuel the fires of revolution[28:58.88]愤怒之火迅速在13个殖民地之间蔓延开来as outrage spreads across the 13 colonies.[29:02.98][29:04.11]波城愤怒子民叹Unhappy Boston see thy sons deplore,[29:08.73]圣街竟遭血污玷thy hallowed walks besmeared with guiltless gore,[29:12.19]贼子帮凶多残忍whilst faithless Preston and his savage bands,[29:15.98]恶爪锋利乱伤人with murderous rancor, stretch their bloody hands.[29:20.09][29:23.24]世界上最强大的军队The most formidable army in the world[29:25.40][29:25.41]对着一群手无寸铁的人疯狂扫射firing on an unarmed crowd.。
THE STORY OF US字幕(我们的故事第1集--反抗者)
[02:31.77] 美国:我们的故事[02:36.37][02:43.50] 第一集反抗者[02:48.28][02:45.91]满载着商人与信徒的船只Shiploads of businessmen and true believers[02:48.72]正在横渡大西洋以期建立一个新世界are crossing the Atlantic Ocean to create a new world.[02:53.93][02:55.78]1610年5月May 1610.[02:57.84]在哥伦布发现新大陆的120年后120 years after Columbus,[03:01.07]这仍是一段危险的旅程it's still a perilous journey.[03:02.97][03:04.70]其中的一艘"解放号"上One ship, The Deliverance,[03:06.75]载着一样即将永久改变美国的货物carries a cargo that will change America forever. [03:09.69][03:10.77]都来帮忙啊All hands over here.[03:12.28]船上是24岁的英国农民约翰·罗尔夫Onboard is John Rolfe, a 24-year-old English farmer.[03:17.68][03:18.19]他有野心有自信有远见Ambitious, self-reliant, visionary.[03:21.26][03:21.27]是位天生的企业家A born entrepreneur.[03:23.55][03:23.73]这段在今天乘飞机只需六个小时的旅程What takes us six hours today by plane [03:26.51]在当时却需要至少两个月was then a voyage of more than two months.[03:29.42][03:31.19]早期冒险者中十个中有七个Seven of the early adventurers out of every ten [03:34.02][03:34.03]活不过第一年will be dead within a year.[03:36.09][03:36.23]喂看见陆地了Land ahoy![03:37.57][03:38.52]但是冒险是值得的But the risks are worth it.[03:40.41][03:42.24]北美大陆是终极机遇之地North America is the ultimate land of opportunity. [03:45.51][03:57.10]一块拥有大量待开发资源的大陆A continent of vast untapped wealth.[04:00.22][04:01.41]首先是所有资源中最有价值的... Starting with the most valuable resource of all... [04:04.21][04:05.73]土地land.[04:07.22][04:11.81]这块后来成为三亿多人家园的土地What will be home to more than 300 million people[04:15.15]有几乎一半的面积被成片的森林覆盖着lies under a blanket of forest covering nearly half the land.[04:19.73][04:20.09]共有超过五百亿棵树More than 50 billion trees.[04:22.79][04:28.28]再往西就是九百万平方英里的美洲荒原Further west, 9 million square miles of vast American wilderness.[04:33.48][04:34.64]六千万只美洲野牛在平原上狂奔60 million bison roam the plains.[04:37.57][04:47.20]在地下据说有钻石白银... And underground,there are rumors of gems, silver... [04:52.42][04:54.24]和世界上最大的黄金矿层and the largest seams of gold in the world.[04:57.33]黄金国西班牙人理想中南美洲的宝藏[05:01.29][04:57.33]移民们预期黄金储量不亚于理想中的黄金国The settlers expect nothing less than El Dorado.[05:01.29][05:16.43]但罗尔夫在英国殖民地詹姆斯敦看到的... But what Rolfe finds at the English settlement of Jamestown...[05:19.98][05:20.40]是人间地狱is hell on Earth.[05:22.49][05:25.88]在罗尔夫之前已有五百多名移民先期到达More than 500 settlers made the journey before Rolfe.[05:29.50][05:29.63]有人吗Hello?[05:31.00][05:32.67]有人吗Hello?[05:33.29]只有六十人活了下来Barely 60 remain.[05:35.33][05:36.87]当时正是"饥荒时期" It's called "The Starving Time".[05:40.56][05:42.64]在吃完了马和其它动物之后Having fed on horses and other animals,[05:46.22]我们吃掉了靴子鞋子we ate boots, shoes,[05:48.88]和其它任何能找到的皮革and any other leather we came across.[05:51.53]谁来救救我啊Somebody, help![05:52.86]就在罗尔夫到达三个月前Three months before Rolfe arrives,[05:54.80]有人因杀害自己怀孕的妻子并企图吃尸体a man is burned at the stake for killing his pregnant wife[05:58.15]而被处以火刑and planning to eat her.[06:00.01][06:04.45]这些英国人毫无准备地来到了这个新世界The English arrive unprepared for this[06:08.13]并且不愿从事体力劳动and unwilling to perform manual labor.[06:11.03][06:12.17]他们带来的不是牲畜Instead of livestock,[06:13.38]而是检测黄金的化学试剂they've brought chemical tests for gold...[06:16.81]但他们从未找到任何黄金that they never find.[06:18.70][06:21.64]并且这里也不是他们的地盘And this is not their land.[06:24.65][06:27.81]詹姆斯敦建在一个北美原住民部落领地中间They build Jamestownin the middle of a Native American empire.[06:31.72][06:33.28]60名食不果腹的移民被2万个波瓦坦族人包围60 starving settlers among 20,000 of the Powhatan Nation,[06:38.38]这些原住民的弓箭armed with bows and arrows[06:40.31]要比需要重新装子弹的英国滑膛枪that are up to nine times faster to reload and fire [06:43.93]快9倍than an English musket.[06:44.92][06:47.72]双方很快就成了敌人They're soon enemies.[06:50.24][06:52.58]最初的移民中只有一成活了下来Only one in ten of the original settlers is left. [06:56.26][06:59.80]约翰·罗尔夫没有像其他人一样John Rolfe didn't come to plunder and leave [07:02.35]劫掠之后扬长而去like the others.[07:03.81][07:05.42]他有自己的计划He's got his own plan.[07:07.33][07:09.59]烟草的利润很高并且在英国国内很有市场There's money in tobacco, and England is addicted.[07:13.60][07:17.56]他带来了一批南美烟草的种子He's arrived with a supply of South American tobacco seeds,[07:20.98]但当时只有西班牙殖民地出产这种作物but growing it is limited to the Spanish colonies.[07:24.72][07:26.72]西班牙人因此控制了烟草国际贸易The Spanish control the worldwide trade. [07:29.81][07:31.79]在当时向外国人出售烟草种子会被处以死刑Selling tobacco seeds to foreigners is punishable by death.[07:35.92][07:37.47]但约翰·罗尔夫还是想办法弄到了一些But John Rolfe has got his hands on some. [07:40.20]没人知道他是怎么做到的No one knows how.[07:42.10][07:43.17]在切萨皮克湾的暖湿气候And in the warm, humid climate[07:44.98]和肥沃土地的滋养下and fertile soil around the Chesapeake Bay,[07:47.25][07:48.20]罗尔夫的烟草长势喜人Rolfe's tobacco crop flourishes.[07:50.99][07:52.11]这些烟草种子带来的首次大丰收The first large harvest produced by these seeds [07:55.19]即使放在今天价值也超过一百万美元is worth more than a million dollars in today's money.[07:58.50][07:58.65]美国前进的伟大动力就是我们的人民The great strength of America is our people. [08:02.02]如果你想知道如何定义美国前进的动力If you wanna know what it is the defining strength of America,[08:04.25][08:02.18]科林·L·鲍威尔将军[前美国国务卿][08:06.18][08:04.25]答案就是我们的人民我们的移民传统it is our people, our immigrant tradition, [08:08.01]我们兼容并蓄的文化our bringing in cultures from all over the world.[08:11.60]我知道成功是怎么回事I know what goes into making success.[08:14.22]真正的成功很少是运气的因素And when somebody's really successful, it's rarely luck.[08:18.86][08:14.50]唐纳德·J·特朗普[美国地产大亨][08:19.50][08:18.86]而是天分智力还有许多其它的因素It's talent, it's brain power, it's lots of other things.[08:23.30][08:23.83]罗尔夫娶了波瓦坦部落联盟首领的女儿Rolfe marries the daughter of the king of the Powhatan Empire.[08:27.70][08:29.73]她的名字已成为传奇波卡洪塔斯Her name becomes legend: Pocahontas. [08:33.88][08:34.89]罗尔夫使她在英国家喻户晓In England, Rolfe makes her a celebrity[08:37.04]她的肖像被当做新世界生活的广告when her face is put on a portrait that sells all over London,[08:40.38]在整个伦敦热卖advertising life in the New World.[08:42.96][08:46.03]莎士比亚在作品中提起过殖民地Shakespeare mentions the colony.[08:48.05][08:48.06]英国的有钱人都往这里投资England's rich invest money here.[08:50.39]所有的伦敦人都知道这片富饶的土地All of London knows about this land of plenty. [08:54.09][08:58.68]在两年内烟草进入了千家万户的菜园Within two years, tobacco grows in every garden.[09:02.67][09:04.30]詹姆斯敦由人间地狱变成了美国第一座兴旺之城From a living hell, Jamestown isAmerica's first boomtown.[09:09.47][09:13.66]两年后又有近一千名移民来到了这里Two years later, nearly 1,000 more settlers arrive,[09:17.25]其中的19人来自非洲西部including 19 from West Africa.[09:20.18][09:21.32]奴隶Slaves.[09:22.47][09:24.87]但其中一些人后来在弗吉尼亚有了自己的土地But some go on to own their own land in Virginia.[09:28.22][09:33.37]在詹姆斯敦建立12年后12 years after the founding of Jamestown,[09:36.49][09:33.80]小亨利·路易斯·盖茨[哈佛大学非洲和非裔美国人研究所所长][09:38.80][09:36.49]黑人在殖民地的形成过程中起到了重要作用Africans were playing a shaping role in the creation of the colonies.[09:42.56]这一点非常惊人That's pretty incredible.[09:44.38][09:45.47]30年后弗吉尼亚的移民超过了两万人30 years later, there are over 20,000 settlers in Virginia.[09:49.91][09:51.75]可以说没有烟草就没有美国America is founded on tobacco.[09:54.80][09:55.14]在接下来的一个半世纪里For the next century and a half,[09:56.99][09:57.00]它一直是这块大陆最主要的出口产品it's the continent's largest export.[09:59.36][10:11.41]在罗尔夫抵达詹姆斯敦的十年后Ten years after Rolfe arrives in Jamestown, [10:14.92]又有一批英国移民登上了北美大陆another group of English settlers lands in North America.[10:18.38][10:25.94]他们在一处荒凉的海滩靠岸They come ashore on a deserted beach[10:28.94]这里距詹姆斯敦的海岸有450英里450 miles up the coast from Jamestown, [10:32.18]他们把此地命名为"普利茅斯" and call the place Plymouth1,[10:34.62]以纪念他们起航的英国港口after the English port they sailed from.[10:37.61][10:39.29]他们是移民大潮里的另一朵浪花These are a different breed of settler,[10:42.14]一群信仰不同但都热爱生活的人a group of religious dissidents with faith at the center of their lives.[10:46.65][10:49.57]他们成功横渡了危险的大西洋They made the dangerous Atlantic crossing,[10:51.85]希望能在新世界找到信仰自由seeking religious freedom in the New World.[10:54.82][10:58.90]24岁的印刷学徒爱德华·温斯洛24-year-old apprentice printer Edward Winslow [11:02.96]是和一群清教徒一起arrives with a group of religious sectarians[11:06.70]乘坐"五月花号"来到这里的on a boat called the Mayflower.[11:09.65][11:11.64]1621年4月他们的殖民地逐渐成型By April 1621, their settlement is taking shape. [11:16.43][11:16.57]"五月花号"返航英国The Mayflower returns to England.[11:19.96][11:25.18]他们只能在这片陌生的土地上自力更生了The Pilgrims are on their own in an unknown land.[11:29.60][11:30.75]我们充满希望与热情地A great hope and inward zeal we had[11:34.14]在这块遥远的土地上of laying some great foundation[11:36.45]为子孙后代的繁衍生息for the propagating and advancing[11:38.48]和天国福音的传播the gospel of the kingdom of Christ,[11:40.28][11:40.38]奠定坚实的基础in those remote parts of the world.[11:43.13][11:44.41]十九个家庭They're 19 families.[11:46.52]饲养着山羊鸡猪狗Goats, chickens, pigs and dogs.[11:50.07][11:50.08]他们还有手纺车椅子书籍和枪支They have spinning wheels, chairs, books, guns.[11:55.20][11:56.97]而且没有回头路And no way home.[11:58.88][11:59.08]只要把这个地方描绘成机遇之地If you create this environment as a land of opportunity,[12:02.85][12:02.74]迈克尔·道格拉斯[著名演员][12:07.74][12:02.85]就能吸引到那些then you're gonna attract those type of people[12:07.35][12:07.36]愿意冒险愿意赌一回的人who wanna take that risk, who have-- wanna take that gamble[12:12.20]和那些坚信生活会更好的人and who believe in a better life.[12:16.01][12:17.22]他们的目的地原本是哈德逊河口They were heading for the Hudson River,[12:19.71]然而靠岸地点却向北偏了200英里but they've landed 200 miles further north [12:23.33]时间正是初冬at the beginning of winter.[12:25.36][12:27.71]当时正值一个小型冰期They have arrived in the middle of a mini ice age,[12:30.68]气温普遍比现在低2度temperatures 2 degrees colder than today.[12:33.92][12:37.00]冬天更长适合作物生长的时间更短Winters are longer, growing seasons shorter. [12:40.71][12:48.01]土地贫瘠The soil is poor.[12:49.94][12:50.23]颗粒无收Little grows.[12:51.94][12:52.42]食物严重短缺Food supplies run low.[12:54.60][12:57.58]在前三个月中超过一半的清教徒死于饥荒In the first three months, more than half the Pilgrims die.[13:01.14][13:04.93]威廉·布莱福特是一位社区总督William Bradford is the governor of a community [13:07.93]他所辖的社区很快陷入了困境soon in desperate trouble.[13:09.77][13:10.58]上帝似乎喜欢每天以死亡问候我们It pleased God to visit us with death daily. [13:14.77][13:14.99]疾病蔓延Disease was everywhere.[13:17.41][13:17.69]活着的人几乎没有力气埋葬死人The living were scarcely able to bury the dead. [13:21.29][13:21.76]有时一天就有两三个人去世They died sometimes two or three a day.[13:24.99][13:25.44]在这一百多人中只有不到五十人幸存下来Of 100 and odd persons, scarce 50 remained.[13:30.49][13:32.26]有时只有六个人能有足够的力气At times, only six are fit enough[13:36.22]继续盖房子to continue building their shelters.[13:37.45][13:40.11]苏珊娜·怀特的丈夫死于第一年冬天Susanna White's husband dies that first winter. [13:43.28][13:46.15]爱德华·温斯洛的妻子也在一个月后去世Edward Winslow's wife perishes a month after.[13:49.61][13:51.46]几个星期后怀特和温斯洛结婚了Within weeks, White and Winslow marry. [13:54.55][13:55.78]他们后来有了五个孩子They'll have five children.[13:57.59][13:59.61]在今天超过10%的美国人Today more than 10% of all Americans[14:03.11]家谱可以追溯到"五月花号"上can trace their ancestry back to the Mayflower. [14:06.06][14:16.58]普利茅斯一度成为了他们所寻求的避难所For a time, Plymouth provides the sanctuary they sought.[14:20.56][14:20.83]爱德华Edward![14:22.80][14:23.07]爱德华Edward![14:24.96][14:25.42]爱德华快去看看那边Edward, please go and look over there![14:28.54][14:29.61]但和詹姆斯敦一样他们也不是这里的主人But like Jamestown,there were others here first.[14:33.69][14:44.37]1621年4月April 1621.[14:47.15][14:47.36]清教徒们来到新世界已经五个月了The Pilgrims have been in the New World for five months.[14:50.51][14:50.55]只有一半的人挺过了第一年冬天Barely half survive the first winter.[14:53.47][14:54.55]但他们不是第一批来到这片海岸的欧洲人But they're not the first Europeans to arrive on this coast.[14:58.46][15:00.12]五年前欧洲轮船带来了白人移民和瘟疫Five years before, European ships brought light-skinned people and plague.[15:06.21][15:06.37]几乎九成的原住民因此丧生Almost nine out of ten of the local people are wiped out.[15:10.20][15:19.28]波卡诺基特人不需要敌人The Pokanoket people don't need enemies.[15:22.42]他们和清教徒和平共处They make peace with the Pilgrims.[15:24.74][15:25.73]他们教会了英国人They teach the English[15:27.33]如何用鱼做肥料在沙土中种庄稼how to grow crops in sandy soil, using fish for fertilizer.[15:31.33][15:34.99]但他们想要回报But they want something in return.[15:37.27][15:38.60]他们有一个宿敌另一个敌对部落They have a common enemy--a rival tribe. [15:42.43][15:42.55]而英国人拥有强大的武器And the English have powerful weapons.[15:45.74][15:52.87]清教徒们并不是军人The Pilgrims aren't soldiers.[15:54.89]但在这个新世界But in the New World,[15:56.44]他们不得不为了生存而战they have to fight to survive.[15:58.34][16:02.73]1621年8月14日On August 14, 1621,[16:05.50]清教徒和波卡诺基特人准备联手Pilgrims and Pokanoket, shoulder to shoulder, [16:08.98][16:08.99]发动一次突袭will launch a surprise attack[16:11.45]这次突袭将决定他们在这片土地的未来that will seal their future in this new land. [16:14.52][16:14.54]这次一共出动了14名男子It was resolved to send 14 men,[16:17.48]装备精良well-armed,[16:18.98]准备在深夜一举擒下这个部落and to fall upon them in the night.[16:21.14][16:21.93]首领下了命令不要放过任何一个The captain gave charge: Let none pass out. [16:26.50][16:50.71]对方部落猝不及防The rival tribe doesn't know what hit them.[16:53.88][16:55.95]被团团包围Surrounded,[16:57.48]对英国枪火毫无还手之力they have no answer for English firepower.[16:59.98][17:01.37]波卡诺基特人和清教徒们Pokanoket and Pilgrims[17:03.20]找到了彼此之间的共同点find common ground...[17:04.54][17:05.23]也发现了共同生存的机会and a chance to survive.[17:07.32][17:14.14]意想不到的同盟结成了Two unlikely allies.[17:16.72]这种同盟关系在北美极为罕见A partnership all too rare in North America. [17:20.69][17:22.67]我们发现印第安人We have found the Indians[17:24.62]非常遵守与我们达成的和平公约very faithful in their covenant of peace with us. [17:28.03][17:28.11]他们没有任何宗教信仰They are people without any religion[17:30.39]不知神灵为何物or knowledge of any God,[17:32.29]却非常值得信赖yet very trusty,[17:34.82]反应很快quick of apprehension,[17:37.58][17:37.59]机智无比而且有极强的正义感ripe-witted... and just.[17:40.34][17:41.78]他们的胜利给殖民地带来了Their victory brings[17:43.72][17:43.73]很长一段时间的和平a period of peace to the colony.[17:45.18][17:45.23]他们以一场盛宴来庆祝彼此的友谊Their friendship is celebrated in a feast. [17:48.42][17:48.51]那就是感恩节的由来In time, it will become known as Thanksgiving.[17:52.23][17:53.16]开拓美洲的目的之一One of the main themes in the founding of America[17:56.53][17:53.63] 鲁道夫·W·朱利安尼[前纽约市市长][18:02.80][17:56.53]是为了找一个可以扩大生意was a place to do business,[18:00.71]扩展视野的地方a place to expand your horizons,[18:02.80]一个可以过你自己愿意过的生活 a place to live a life of your own,[18:05.01]信仰自己愿意信仰的宗教的地方practice your own religion.[18:06.95]这些基本理念Those are the basic themes[18:09.07]使得许多人飘洋过海来开拓殖民地that brought people to these shores to colonize. [18:12.79][18:18.82]这是一个繁荣时代的开端It's the start of a period of prosperity,[18:22.02]将完全改变北美that will transform North America.[18:24.23][18:27.50]从詹姆斯敦和普利茅斯开始From Jamestown and Plymouth,[18:29.74]殖民者的后代遍布整个大陆their descendants grow across the landscape.[18:32.55][18:37.06]越来越多的人越过大西洋As more and more people cross the Atlantic--[18:40.08]成千上万thousands, tens of thousands,[18:43.04]不同背景的人带着不同的理由来到这里people with different backgrounds, different reasons for being here...[18:47.80][18:51.58]美利坚成为了全世界的人都渴望到达的地方America becomes the place for everybody from everywhere.[18:55.34][18:58.16]大家孤注一掷Rolling the dice,[18:59.74]汇聚到一起形成了最初的13个殖民地coming together to create 13 colonies. [19:03.11][19:03.72]农业从詹姆斯敦传播到了南方From Jamestown, agriculture spreads across the South,[19:07.94]以前脏乱的小农庄也变成了大的种植园农场dirt farms transform into sprawling plantations.[19:12.01][19:12.88]爱尔兰人德国人和瑞典人不断向前推进Irish, Germans,and Swedes push back the frontier.[19:17.33][19:19.40]荷兰人将他们的生意带到了The Dutch bring commerce to[19:20.77]哈德逊河口处的一个小岛上a small island at the mouth of the Hudson River. [19:23.62][19:25.74]后来这里被命名为纽约In time, it will be named New York.[19:28.99][19:30.34]比起留在欧洲的同胞The colonists are 2 inches taller,[19:32.56]移民们平均要高2英寸也更加健康and far healthier, than those they left behind in Europe.[19:36.24][19:36.52]平均每个清教徒家庭养了8个小孩The Puritans average eight children,[19:39.86]孩子活到成年的比例是欧洲同胞的两倍and they are twice as likely to survive to adulthood.[19:43.13][19:44.14]比欧洲同胞更富有20% They are 20% richer[19:46.15]赋税只相当于英国本土的1/4 and pay only 1/4 of the taxes of those in England. [19:49.70][19:49.83]许多人仍然认为自己是英国人Many still think of themselves as British,[19:52.93]但是随着一代一代的成长but each generation grows[19:54.89]这种意识越来越淡薄further from its roots.[19:56.24][19:57.77]这一现象在波士顿尤为突出Nowhere more so than Boston.[20:00.35][20:01.37]1768年5月9日May 9, 1768.[20:04.37][20:04.47]到了约翰·罗尔夫首次烟草收成以来的第七代Seven generations after John Rolfe's first tobacco harvest,[20:08.27]英国人想要分更大的一杯羹the British want a bigger piece of the action.[20:11.72][20:17.26]英国海关官员发动了对"自由号"的突袭A British customs official springs a surprise raid on The Liberty,[20:21.47]它是约翰·汉考克的船a ship belonging to John Hancock,[20:24.37]他是波士顿最富有的人之一one of the richest men in Boston.[20:26.20][20:28.73]但汉考克的船员另有企图But Hancock's crew has other ideas.[20:31.64][20:38.70]他们偷运了100桶进口酒不想交税They're carrying 100 casks of imported wine and don't want to pay duty.[20:44.05][20:46.22]对于远在3000英里以外的国王It's a radical act of rebellion[20:48.43]此举不啻于公然的抗税against taxes imposed by a king 3,000 miles away.[20:53.04][20:55.00]对于英国当局来说他们就是走私To the British, they're just common smugglers. [20:58.56][20:59.84]这场贸易前哨战改变了一切This mall skirmish changes everything.[21:02.74][21:02.75]英国当局扣押了汉考克的船The British seize Hancock's ship,[21:04.95]此举引发了整个波士顿的骚乱triggering riots that sweep through Boston.[21:07.87][21:08.12]我们不想缴税给国王We didn't wanna pay taxes to a king[21:10.88]不想缴税给一个我们没有发言权and to a parliament where we didn't have a voice,[21:13.68][21:10.98] 阿伦·索尔金[剧作家][21:14.88][21:13.68]也没有任何议员代表我们的议会and we didn't have any representation.[21:15.54][21:16.18]我们美国人天生就对政府有种怨恨We have a natural resentment toward government,[21:18.75]也正因此我们才得以独立which was how we were born.[21:22.35][21:24.41]英国国王派了4000名士兵到波士顿去执法The king sends 4,000 redcoats to Boston to enforce his laws.[21:29.64][21:30.64]波士顿是贸易之城文化之城Boston was a city of commerce, culture,[21:34.68]文明之城也是革命之城civilization, and revolution,[21:36.70] 小亨利·路易斯·盖茨[哈佛大学非洲和非裔美国人研究所所长][21:41.45][21:36.70]就是在殖民者到来之后英国人到来后unfolding right before the eyes of the colonists[21:39.45]发展起来的and the eyes of the British.[21:41.54][21:49.73]1768年10月October 1768.[21:52.24][21:52.42]英国士兵紧紧钳制着波士顿British soldiers clamp down on Boston,[21:55.47]它是通往大英帝国的关键港口a port crucial to the British Empire...[21:58.28][21:59.34]也是全球商业贸易的枢纽and a hub of global trade and commerce.[22:02.39][22:07.92]它的造船厂是世界最繁忙的船厂之一Its dockyards are some of the busiest in the world,[22:11.13]利用美国海量的木材储备年产200艘船producing 200 ships a year from America's vast timber reserves.[22:16.58][22:18.77]英国1/3的船都是在殖民地建造的1/3 of all British shipping is built in the colonies. [22:22.79][22:25.60]木材供给支持着全球经济的发展Timber fuels the global economy...[22:28.20][22:29.74]就像当今的石油一样much like oil does today.[22:31.97][22:38.23]整个新英格兰境内Across New England,[22:40.12]最高最粗壮的树都被做上了记号marks identify the tallest, strongest trees[22:42.51]他们将被用来建造英国船只selected by the crown for British ships.[22:45.32][22:47.12]英国的大部分森林已不复存在England has lost most of its forests.[22:49.98][22:50.22]所以把目光投向了美国的森林It wants American wood.[22:52.25][22:56.95]在波士顿每四个市民就有一名英国士兵In Boston, there's one redcoat for every four citizens.[23:01.18][23:02.14]整个城市完全被控制了It's a city under occupation.[23:04.64][23:07.12]保罗·里维尔是一名银匠Paul Revere is a silversmith[23:10.07]也是波士顿知名大商人之一and one of Boston's prominent businessmen...[23:12.04][23:12.51]一点都不像危险分子an unlikely subversive.[23:14.81]傲慢的英国兵浩浩荡荡地进城They formed and marched with insolent parade, [23:17.93][23:18.82]军乐阵阵旗帜飞扬drums beating, fifes playing, and colors flying,[23:23.01]每名士兵都配发了16发弹药each soldier having received 16 rounds of powder and ball.[23:27.30][23:27.49]他是典型的中上层阶级He is an upper-middle-class figure,[23:30.67]全靠自身努力奋斗得到现有的一切someone who has risen through his own efforts, his own talent.[23:34.20][23:34.21]他代表了这样一群人He represents what we have created on our own[23:37.62][23:35.67]理查德·诺顿·史密斯[乔治梅森大学历史学家][23:37.67][23:37.62]几乎不靠英国亲友帮忙白手起家with very little help from our cousins across the Atlantic.[23:42.14][23:42.31]但是当北美革命一触即发时But when revolution comes to North America... [23:45.03][23:47.44]里维尔将身处革命的最前沿Revere will beat the center of it.[23:50.39][24:57.08]包括波士顿在内的13个殖民地Boston and the 13 colonies[24:59.40]可以说是英国经济发展的发电站are an economic powerhouse,[25:01.55]对英国来说至关重要critical to Britain.[25:02.94][25:07.36]英国出口的物品将近40%都来到了美国Nearly 40% of everything exported from Britain, makes its way to America.[25:12.33][25:15.58]捕鱼船队将成千上万吨的腌鳕鱼运往加勒比海The fishing fleet ships thousands of tons of salted cod to the Caribbean.[25:20.15][25:22.96]又将糖和糖蜜运往英国Returns with sugar and molasses...[25:25.51][25:25.68]那些都是制作朗姆酒的原料raw material for rum.[25:27.89][25:28.96]每一项进出口贸易都要向英国交税Taxed by the British after every exchange. [25:32.38][25:35.73]在非洲朗姆酒被当作货币In Africa, rum is the currency used[25:38.06]可以用来购买最赚钱的货to purchase the most profitable cargo of all...[25:41.23][25:45.82]非洲黑奴African slaves.[25:47.87][25:49.41]在1700年到1800年间Between 1700 and 1800,[25:52.39]超过25万的非洲人被运往美国殖民地more than 1/4 of a million Africans are brought to the American colonies.[25:57.03][25:57.28]大都是被强迫做了奴隶而非自愿前去More slaves than all those who came of their own free will.[26:01.24][26:05.15]大部分人被送往南方大种植园Most wind up on large plantations in the South. [26:08.69][26:08.80]不过黑人对美国北方经济发展也至关重要But they're also critical to the economy of the North.[26:11.99][26:12.10]波士顿10%的人口是黑人10% of Boston's population is black.[26:15.82][26:16.54]波士顿就像一个大熔炉气氛越发紧张Boston is a melting pot, and tension is building.[26:20.53][26:21.41]没有人喜欢自己家里有侵略者Nobody likes invaders in their homes.[26:23.68] 安妮特·戈登·里德[罗格斯大学历史学教授][26:30.78][26:23.68]让外国人来到这片土地To have people here, foreigners on your soil,[26:27.57]某种程度上反而激励了人们去战斗is something-- is a great incentive for people to fight.[26:30.78][26:32.24]1770年3月5日March 5, 1770.[26:34.60][26:35.49]持续三天的动乱后After three days of unrest,[26:37.68]一群暴民游荡在大街小巷中an angry mob roams the streets.[26:40.31]成百上千的人没了工作Hundreds of men who lost their jobs[26:42.16]他们聚集到国王街咒骂英国当局and blame the British gather on King Street [26:46.09][26:46.79]和八个被下令不准开枪的英国士兵对峙and face off against eight redcoats with orders not to fire.[26:51.55][26:53.07]接下来发生的事情彻底改写了美国历史What's about to happen will change America forever.[26:57.46][26:58.78]17岁的制假发学徒A 17-year-old wig maker'sapprentice,[27:01.02]爱德华·加里克点燃了导火线Edward Garrick, lights the fuse.[27:04.47][27:09.18]战斗是这样开始的This is how wars start.[27:11.95][27:20.49]兄弟们上Come on, let's have it![27:22.91][27:26.09]士兵休·蒙哥马利被打了一棒Private Hugh Montgomery is hit with a club.[27:29.11][28:04.48]非裔美国人克里斯珀斯·阿塔克斯An African-American, Crispus Attucks,[28:08.12]当场死亡dies instantly.[28:08.81][28:12.58]大家跑啊Everybody, run![28:14.36][28:31.13]硝烟散尽时又死了四个人When the smoke clears, four more are dead.[28:34.74][28:37.91]波士顿如何回应将改变历史的发展进程How Boston reacts will change the course of history.[28:41.84][28:45.69]既是银匠Silversmith[28:46.20]又是政治激进分子的保罗·里维尔and political radical Paul Revere[28:48.76]雕出了英国士兵在波士顿街头captures the moment British soldiers kill five colonists[28:50.54]杀死五个殖民地人的画面in the streets of Boston.[28:53.76][28:55.28]他的雕刻将加速革命的爆发His engraving will fuel the fires of revolution[28:58.88]愤怒之火迅速在13个殖民地之间蔓延开来as outrage spreads across the 13 colonies.[29:02.98][29:04.11]波城愤怒子民叹Unhappy Boston see thy sons deplore,[29:08.73]圣街竟遭血污玷thy hallowed walks besmeared with guiltless gore,[29:12.19]贼子帮凶多残忍whilst faithless Preston and his savage bands,[29:15.98]恶爪锋利乱伤人with murderous rancor, stretch their bloody hands.[29:20.09][29:23.24]世界上最强大的军队The most formidable army in the world[29:25.40][29:25.41]对着一群手无寸铁的人疯狂扫射firing on an unarmed crowd.[29:28.77]这幅震惊世人的画有个一目了然的标题An explosive image with a title that says it all:[29:34.08]波士顿惨案"The Bloody Massacre."[29:35.73][29:36.11]有一个古老的笑话There was the old joke,[29:37.44][29:37.45]给我一幅画我还你一场战争"You give me a picture, I'll give you a war."[29:39.45]那些想挑起事端表明立场Those who wanted to stir things up and to make a statement[29:43.80][29:39.45] 迈克尔·R·彭博[纽约市市长][29:46.03][29:43.80]甚至可能领导革命的人and maybe even lead a revolution,[29:46.03]通过这样能团结很多人站在他们那一边it made them able to rally others to their side.[29:50.08][29:51.72]消息迅速传播开了News spreads fast.[29:53.72]移民们都是热心的读者The colonists are avid readers,[29:56.11]源自最初普利茅斯清教徒读圣经的传统 a legacy from the first Bible-reading Puritans in Plymouth.[29:59.93][30:00.52]波士顿有美国的第一份周刊Boston has the first weekly newspaper.[30:03.78][30:04.63]当时此地已经有了40多家报刊机构There are now more than 40 papers across the colonies.[30:08.31]加上新的邮政署署长本杰明·富兰克林And the new postmaster general, Benjamin Franklin...[30:11.98][30:12.97]已经建立起了一个革命性的邮政递送系统has introduced a revolutionary postal-delivery system.[30:16.52][30:19.49]连夜递送可以节省一半的时间Night riders cut the delivery time in half.[30:22.88][30:24.73]将各个殖民地联系到一起的联系网The communications network connecting the colonies[30:27.72]是当时世界上最好的is one of the best in the world.[30:30.00][30:30.55]英国当局对此一无所知And the British have no idea.[30:33.53][30:34.55]他们希望这个消息能够被压下来They hope the news can be contained.[30:37.15][30:39.03]在消息传到英国之前Before news reaches England,[30:40.90]绝大多数的美国人都已经知道了波士顿惨案most of America knows about the Boston Massacre.[30:44.28][30:44.37]这充分体现了一种美国精神It's a very American spirit of an idea,[30:47.20][30:45.50] 吉米·威尔士[维基百科创始人之一][30:50.12][30:47.20]那就是每个人都有权利去获取真相this idea that everybody should have access to knowledge.[30:50.12]这很像那个开创性的想法It's very much like that pioneering idea,[30:53.31]即每一个人应该能够开创属于自己的路everybody should be able to make their way in the world.[30:56.39]无论是康涅狄格的印刷工人A printer in Connecticut[30:57.97]还是北卡罗来纳的农民can read the exact same story[31:01.07]都能读到同样的消息as a farmer in North Carolina.[31:02.00][31:04.76]1773年12月December 1773.[31:07.29]《波士顿公报》曝出了另一件事"The Boston Gazette" breaks another story, [31:09.65]这将助长叛乱的火焰that will fan the flames of rebellion.[31:12.21][31:14.60]愤怒和不满的情绪日益高涨The rising tide of anger and resentment[31:17.08]英国不得不采取行动forces England's hand.[31:19.35][31:19.53]他们取消了所有的税收They repeal all taxes...[31:21.90][31:23.53]不过仍保留了茶叶税except one, on tea.[31:26.05][31:27.69]这远远不够It's not enough.[31:29.28][31:29.83]美国历史上最著名的反抗运动之一In one of the most famous acts of resistance in American history,[31:33.56]反抗者将价值逾百万美元的茶叶倾入波士顿港Rebels dump over $1 million worth of tea in Boston Harbor.[31:38.59][31:39.70]如果有人前来冒犯When someone comes along and smacks us,[31:42.83][31:42.70] 汤姆·布罗考[原NBC新闻主播][31:44.59][31:42.83]我们不会逆来顺受we don't turn the other cheek.[31:45.24][31:45.86]这不是我们的性格That's not who we are.[31:47.52][31:50.76]快点Move it![31:52.13][31:52.69]英国人为此关闭了波士顿港The British respond by shutting down Boston Harbor... [31:56.19][31:59.99]这个美洲最繁忙和富庶的港口之一one of America's busiest, wealthiest ports. [32:03.98][32:12.74]走吧小伙子Come on, lad.[32:14.11][32:15.57]数百人失业Hundreds lose their jobs.[32:17.93][32:19.73]英国人决意要扼杀所有来自The British mean to strangle any resistance[32:22.16]马萨诸塞州这个不服管治的殖民地的反抗from the rebellious colony of Massachusetts.。
纪录片《美国：我们的故事》全12集剧情
Episode 1（反抗）1 清教徒躲避宗教迫害乘“五月花"号（Mayflower)来到美洲大陆。
2 感恩节的由来.3 “波士顿惨案”和“波士顿倾茶案"是美国独立战争的导火索。
4 “莱克星顿第一枪”打响美国独立战争，从此，美洲大陆不再是英国人的殖民地，独立为美利坚合众国。
Episode 2（革命）1 1776年7月4日，第二次大陆会议通过了《独立宣言》（由托马斯·杰弗逊起草），它宣布新大陆13个殖民地要独立成为一个新的国家：“人人生而平等，造物主赋予了他们不可剥夺的权利，包括生存权、自由权和追求幸福的权利”。
2 英军总司令被杀是美国独立战争的转折点，此时法国舰队加入，帮助美国在海上抵抗英国舰队。
1783签署《巴黎条约》，英国承认美国独立.Episode 3 （西进运动）1 为了寻求财富，美国人向西部迁移，称为“西进运动”。
当内华达山脚下发现金矿后，“淘金热”。
2 西进运动的转折点：美国人在得克萨斯州的阿拉莫被墨西哥人打败，“阿拉莫之战”,向西部发动战争，攻占了得克萨斯州后,又买下加利福尼亚州。
3 《印第安人迁移法》迫使当地的土著民去保留地居住.4 美国的最长的河流密西西比河，从米尼苏达北部发源，一直到新奥尔良南部。
19世纪蒸汽机的发明使密西西比河促进了美国经济的发展。
Episode 4 （南北分裂)1 伊利湖使以纽约为代表的美国北方工业区更加繁荣。
2 南方种植园里的大量黑人奴隶生活悲惨，纷纷冒险逃亡到北方.3 《逃奴法案》准许南方奴隶主搜捕逃亡到北方的奴隶，激起北方民众的怨愤。
小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》描述了黑人奴隶生不如死的生活状态，在西方其重要性仅次于《圣经》。
4 南北战争的原因:南方和北方为美国到底是实行奴隶制还是自由制而发生冲突，双方不肯退让。
5 林肯当选总统后，准备废奴，此时南方6个蓄奴州建立美利坚联盟国，准备暗杀林肯。
6 林肯就职五周后，南北战争正式打响，这是美国历史上伤亡最惨重的战争.Episode 5 （内战)1 迷你子弹使内战伤亡惨重。
纪录片美国我们的故事观后感
纪录片美国我们的故事观后感《美国我们的故事》是一部具有着重要意义的纪录片。
它以一个全新的视角展现了美国人民多元而复杂的生活故事。
通过深入剖析各个社会群体，本片成功地揭示了美国社会的方方面面，让我们对美国的历史、文化和社会背景有了更深入的了解。
首先，这部纪录片以真实和客观的方式呈现了美国的历史背景。
它通过触摸人们的内心，讲述了一些鲜为人知的故事。
例如，片中揭示了一小部分无庇护之地的穷人社区的真实生活，这在传统的媒介中往往是被忽略的。
观众能够亲身感受到片中人物的苦难和挣扎，更加真实地了解到美国不同阶层的生活差距。
这种真实感让观众们重新思考社会不平等问题，进而促进了公平和正义意识的提升。
其次，本片突出了美国的多样性。
美国作为一个移民大国，拥有众多种族、宗教和文化。
通过讲述来自不同背景的人们的故事，该片展示了美国多元文化在共同追求幸福和自由的过程中的交融和碰撞。
片中所展示的种族和文化多样性，让我们在感受故事的同时也深刻体会到了全球化和多元化的重要性。
这也提醒着我们要以开放和包容的心态对待来自不同国家和文化的人们，共同构建一个更加和谐、美好的世界。
影片中还通过一些个人故事和经历，表达出了人性的情感和复杂性。
也许有时候我们会因为不了解他人的背景和经历而产生偏见，而这部纪录片则直接呼吁观众去关注每一个人的故事。
无论是日常小事还是个人的抉择，每一个人都有权利去追求自己的幸福和自由。
通过这样的呈现方式，影片传达了一个很重要的信息，那就是尊重他人的个性和选择，以及理解和宽容的重要性。
最后，本片以一种艺术的方式展示了美国的壮观景象。
摄影师用镜头记录下了美国各个角落的美丽风景，以及那些喧嚣和繁忙的城市生活。
这使得观众们感受到了美国独特的氛围，也激发了更多的好奇心。
同时，片中展示的一些活动和庆祝活动也让观众更深入地了解了美国的文化和传统，促使我们对不同之处保持好奇心和探索欲望。
总之，《美国我们的故事》这部纪录片在深入剖析美国社会的同时，也提供了一个看待世界的新视角。
美国,我们的故事09-12中英文字幕（无时间轴）
美国，我们的故事第九集：萧条-----------------------------01第十集：二战-----------------------------18第十一集：超级大国-------------------36第十二集：黄金时代-------------------56美国曾经繁荣然而此刻却满眼萧条 America boom. But now, it's bust.大萧条席卷全国 The Great Depression explodes across America.社会动荡民生凋敝旱情四起 Social upheaval, poverty, drought.考验美国的时刻到了 It's time for America...to fight back.美国精神也正是在 The American spirit is forged大萧条的烈火中铸就 in the fires of Great Depression.我们是前锋也是先驱 We are pioneers...and trailblazers.我们为自由而战 We fight for freedom.我们将梦想付诸现实 We transform our dreams into the truth.我们的奋斗将换来一个国家的新生 Our struggles will become a nation.美国: 我们的故事第九集萧条20世纪20年代是美国的繁荣时期 The 1920s is boom time in America.金钱如潮涌来油井不断开采 Money flows and oil wells explode.农民们挣扎求生城市却飞速扩张 Though farmers are struggling, cities expand. 摩天大楼擎天之势让高攀的股指也望尘莫及 Skyscrapers go higher than the stock market.对汽车和类似好莱坞的 Aspirations run wild for cars近郊豪宅的渴望急剧膨胀 and suburban housing projects like Hollywoodland.到1929年 By 1929,广告业产值超过了国民教育支出 more money is spent on advertising than on education. 所谓消费至上和资本主义让我们有点飘飘然了 We got a little carried away with consumerism and capitalism珍妮特·沃尔斯 [著名作家]到头来反受其害 and it bite us in the butt.繁荣的根基是银行信用体系 The boom is built on credit.1929年 In 1929,美国人用信用卡买了60亿美元的商品 $6 billion of goods are bought on credit,与此同时 80%的美国人却没有丝毫积蓄 but 80% of Americans have no savings at all. 有的股票市值高达 Some stocks are valued at其实际价值的50倍 50 times what they're really worth.一个巨大的泡沫即将破灭 A giant bubble just ready to burst.1929年10月该来的还是来了 By October 1929, the inevitable happens.股票市场3个星期内 The stock market loses 12 times蒸发掉的市值 more money in three weeks,相当于美国政府一年财政开支的12倍还多 than the US government uses in a year. 整个国家很可能就此一蹶不振 The entire country could've gone down--汤姆·布罗考 [原NBC新闻主播]从经济角度来看也确实几乎如此 and almost did, from an economic point of view. 股市崩溃后整整一年 For a year after the stock-market crash,美国经济徘徊在深渊的边缘 America's economy teeters on the edge of the abyss. 1930年12月 December 1930.纽约街头非常平静 The streets of New York are quiet.离1929年股市崩溃已经一年多了 It's been a year since the stock-market crash of 1929,不过只有2%的人口是股民 but only 2% of the population own stocks.其他98%的人生活依旧如常 The other 98% get on with their lives.直到这一天 Until today.这个人即将从根本上 This man is about to shake动摇美国人对银行体系的信心 America's confidence in its banks to its very core. 他在一间本地银行存了钱 He's put his money in his local bank.合众国银行 The Bank of United States,几小时后这家银行将面临倒闭的命运 a bank that has only hours left to exist. 他从报上读到了一则质疑该银行稳定性的消息 But a newspaper article questions his bank's stability.4家银行并购提案取消正是从这一刻起一石激起千层浪 This is the moment that begins a chain reaction 整个国家的经济体系变得岌岌可危... that will shake the whole country's economy... 我们并不清楚这人姓甚名谁 yet we don't even know the man's name.只知道《纽约时报》刊载了他的故事 But his story was recorded by "The New York Times." 一名布朗克斯区的小商贩 A small merchant in the Bronx来到合众国银行的一家支行 went to a branch of the Bank of United States要求银行职员 and asked bank officials to把他的股票抛售掉 dispose of his stock in the institution.您好先生有什么可以为您效劳的 Good day, sir, how may I help you?好的我想卖掉我在这家银行的股份 Yes, I'd like to withdraw my shares from the bank.再说一遍好吗先生 I beg your pardon, sir?银行的规章制度此时已是一纸空文 Bank regulations are virtually nonexistent at the time.由于房地产投资失败 Bad real-estate investments mean这家银行只能靠做假帐来勉强维持 the bank has only kept itself afloat by cooking the books.您好先生需要我帮忙吗 Good day, sir, how may I be of assistance?我要卖掉我的股份 I'd like to sell my shares.先生这投资很不错 Well, the stock is a good investment, sir.我建议您不要卖 I would advise against the sale.我要拿回我的钱 I want my money.这家银行最怕的就是客户大规模提现 The last thing the bank needs is to hand out all its cash.最近我们面临的又一次金融危机 We almost witnessed that fairly recently历史惊人地相似悲剧重演了 and I've seen what can go on, and I've seen travesty. 唐纳德·J·特朗普 [美国地产大亨]显然他走后散布了一个谣言 He departed and apparently spread a false report, 说这家银行拒绝兑现他的股份 that the bank had refused to sell his stock.中午时分 By mid-afternoon,一大批人聚集在银行外面 a considerable crowd had gathered outside the bank,人数估计有两万到两万五 estimated at between 20,000 and 25,000 persons.就在这一天担忧化为了恐慌 This is the day worry turns to panic.银行会走上股市的老路吗 Would the banks go the same way as the stock market?歇斯底里的情绪像野火一样蔓延着 Hysteria spreads like wildfire.仅这一家支行就被提走了两百万美元 $2 million are withdrawn from this branch alone. 即便在银行关门前 Even though all the anxious depositors who所有情绪激动的提款人都顺利领到了钱 asked for their money before closing time were given it...他们还是焦躁不安 the crowd became restless.一小队警察出面控制局势 A squad of police were sent in to control them.翻译：小坏 remembertoi Jose ww艾取子小Q校对：安小七精校：小坏 Joanna时间轴：马小样顾问：小跳后期：鱼骨头总监：小坏风波也殃及了其他支行 The trouble spreads to other branches.第二天早上 By the next morning,合众国银行倒闭 the Bank of United States has collapsed.民众对美国银行体系的信心土崩瓦解 Confidence in US banks disintegrates.1930年最后两个月 600家银行倒闭 In the last 60 days of 1930, 600 banks shut. 一波又一波银行倒闭狂潮席卷全国 Banks close in wave after wave across the country. 1933年全美有28个州没一家银行营业 By 1933, there are 28 states without a single bank open.与如今不同 Unlike today,当时联邦政府并不为银行担保 the federal government does not bail out the banks. 失业人数从1930年的400万 Unemployment goes from 4 million in 1930飙升至1932年的1200万 to 12 million in 1932.每天有1000个家庭流离失所 Every day, 1,000 homes are repossessed.20万名流浪儿无家可归 200,000 vagrant children wander the country.3400万美国人丧失经济来源 34 million Americans have no source of income.大萧条是美国的悲剧 It was an American tragedy, the Depression was,布莱恩·威廉斯 [NBC晚间新闻主播]只有美国人自己的智慧才能拯救自己 and it took American ingenuity to lift America out of it.复兴之路从这里开始 The fight back starts here.由政府出资私人承建的大型工程项目Vast building projects, publiclyfunded...privately built.这就是人称"快手"的弗兰克·克罗 This is Frank "Hurry Up" Crowe.他已成功承建6座水坝按时完工且不超预算 He's already built six dams on time and under budget.现在他把目光投向了更大的目标 And now he has his eye on something even bigger: 科罗拉多河 the Colorado River.我十分渴望修建这个大坝 I was wild to build this dam,使之成为最宏伟无与伦比的大坝 the biggest dam ever built by anyone, anywhere. 科罗拉多河是世上 The Colorado River is one of the水流最湍急的河之一 most powerful rivers in the world.从这些峡谷里每秒钟奔腾而下的水量 Every second, twice as much water相当于尼亚加拉大瀑布水流量的两倍 tears through these canyons than goes over Niagara Falls.弗兰克·克罗的计划是驾驭这条河 Frank Crowe's plan is to harness it.这条河所蕴含的水和水力发电 The water and hydroelectricity将改变整个西南部 will transform the whole of the Southwest.1931年3月4日 March 4, 1931.联邦政府一声令下 The government gives the go-ahead开始修建胡佛水坝 to build the Hoover Dam.胡佛水坝尚未动工之时 The Hoover Dam, even before they started building it,就被视为一种象征 it became a metaphor,人们视之为美国精神的象征不屈不挠 people saw it as a statement of the American's fortitude,詹姆斯·梅格斯 [《大众机械》杂志总编]独具匠心迎难而上 of our ingenuity, of our talent for hard work勇往直前 and for our willingness to改造世界 transform the environment around us.这座水坝的造价 The Hoover Dam will cost相当于今天的10亿美元 nearly $1 billion in today's money.弗兰克·克罗如果能迅速完工 Frank Crowe is offered a 2.5% cut of the dam's profits 便可得到水坝盈利的2.5%作为报酬 if he gets the job done quickly.预计要花6年才能建成水坝 It should take 6 years to build,但弗兰克说他只需4年即可完工 but Frank says it can be done in 4.全国各地共有四万两千人 42,000 men come from across the country来这个美国最大的工地找工作 looking for jobs on the biggest construction site in America.弗兰克·克罗收了五千名 Frank Crowe takes 5,000 men最能吃苦耐劳且干活麻利的 willing to work harder and faster than anyone else. 优胜劣汰 The survival of the fittest.人们为了得到工作不惜一切代价 Men are ready to do anything for work.美国有着一种人定胜天的精神 There's a large cando attitude in the United States 鲍勃·鲁兹 [前通用汽车公司副总裁]几个世纪以来的事实也表明 and it come soon the fact that over the centuries,尽管前路有着许多艰难险阻 there has been a lot of adversity,我们终能凯旋而归 and we have usually triumphed.首先是成功开发了 First was the triumph of这片辽阔的大陆 developing this whole vast continent,然后又在大平原上铺设了铁路 putting in railroad lines,还建成了所有这些宏大的工程 putting in all the civil engineering to support it, 建设胡佛水坝 putting in Hoover Dam.全都是不可思议的巨大挑战 These were all incredible challenges.建成水坝需要两个步骤 There are two stages to building the dam.第一步让河水改道绕过工地周围 First, divert the river around the worksite. 第二步建起这座巨堤 Second, build the colossal wall.为了让水流湍急的科罗拉多河改道 To divert the raging Colorado,需要钻透长达3英里的岩石 four massive tunnels are建成4条巨大的隧道 drilled through 3 miles of solid rock.每条隧道的宽度堪比四车道高速公路 Each tunnel is as wide as a four lane highway 高度则有5层楼 and is tall as a 5-story building.每秒钟有150万加仑的水 A million and a half gallons of water从这些隧道中奔腾而过 flow through here every second.胡佛水坝是 The Hoover Dam was a statement美国最好的写照 about what America is all about.不惜一切代价 Nothing is too big to take on.我们必将改变这个国家 We are going to change this country.弗兰克·克罗本就分秒必争 If Frank Crow was in a hurry before,现在更是压力倍增 now the pressure is double.无论时间还是资金 Time and money.隧道只能在枯水季节挖掘 The tunnels can only be dug when the river is low.而枯水期每年只有四个月 That's only four months in a year.资金也是个问题 And the money.工程每延期一天 There is a $3,000 fine for every day就要罚款3000美元 the project falls behind the schedule.时间不等人 The clock is ticking.弗兰克的解决之道一如既往地大胆 Frank's answer is as bold as he is.巨大的移动钻孔机 Gigantic mobile drilling rigs.4层脚手架搭在卡车上面 4 stories of scaffolding mounted on the backs of trucks. 多达30名工人 Up to 30 men drill into一天24小时不停地钻 the rock around the clock, 24 hours a day.比通常的钻孔进度快上10倍 They move ten times faster than normal drilling.隧道内温度高至华氏140度[60摄氏度] Temperatures hit 140 degrees in the tunnels. 弗兰克还是催得更急 Frank just pushes harder.他要求钻孔工人们相互竞争 The drilling crews compete against each other.哪队每天能钻更多 Which will drill the furthest every day?正如钻孔工人马里昂·艾伦所言 As drill man Marion Allen puts it:其实干多干少并不会怎么样 It didn't make any difference what you did,但你必须要比其他人多干 but you had to beat that other crew.卡车排放出致命废气 Deadly fumes pump out of the trucks.这些气体在隧道里聚集 They build up in the tunnel.进入工人们的肺部和血液中 They get into the men's lungs, into their blood.你派几个人把他弄出去 You men, get him out of here.一氧化碳毒倒了数百人 Carbon monoxide poisoning claims hundreds of men.有天晚上我在那干活 I went to work down there one night,队里本来有17个人 and there was 17 men in my crew.第二天早上 The next morning,只剩下我和另外3个了 myself and three others was all that was left.其他的都病倒了条件非常艰苦 All the rest was taken out sick. It was rough.克罗对工作只有一个要求 Crowe has only one working rule.别给我借口我要结果 To hell with excuses-- get results.但这样急于求成 But the drive to get results quickly将导致致命后果 will have deadly consequences.竭力保住工作的工人不免忙中出错 Men desperate to keep their jobs make mistakes 诸如爆破还没完成就试图去清理碎石 like trying to clear rubble before the blasting is finished.爆破之后还需要挖掘清理 You are having to dynamite areas and you have to dig out. 埃尔·卡玛里罗 [斯坦福大学教授]虽然有机器 There's machinery,但仍然要用锄头和铲子去挖 but you're still using a lot of pick and shovel.危险重重 Treacherous work.一名矿工的妻子还记得 A miner's wife remembers有位竭力想保住工作的工人 one worker, desperate to keep his job.每个人都想进隧道里工作 Everybody was trying to work in the tunnels.这个人太急于表现 This man was so anxious to work太快就冲进了隧道中 that he just went into the tunnel too quick.刚把铲子伸进去一个炸弹延时爆炸了 Just as he put his shovel in, there was a delayed blast.公司称96人在事故中身亡 The company says 96 men died.工人们说其实有好几百人 The workers claim it's hundreds.隧道提前11个月完工 The tunnels are finished 11 months ahead of time.但对于胡佛水坝来说这只能算是开了个头 But that's just the beginning of the Hoover Dam.最大的困难还在前面 The hardest job is yet to come:建起地球上最大的混凝土建筑 building the biggest concrete structure on earth. 弗兰克·克罗大力推进 Frank Crowe is driving ahead the胡佛水坝的建设 building of the Hoover Dam,这是美国前所未有的最大工程项目 the biggest engineering project America has ever seen.他要求快马加鞭 He's driving his men hard.工人们夜以继日地工作 The crews work day and night.一片混凝土的海洋在峡谷中拔地而起 A sea of concrete rises in the canyon,厚度相当于两个足球场并排的长度 as thick as two football fields laid end to end. 五千工人五万台机器和工具 5,000 men, 50,000 machines and tools,当世最杰出的工程师 the best engineers alive,所用原材料足以装满一列1000英里长的火车 enough materials to fill a train 1,000 miles long.这座大坝可谓 This is the 1930s' equivalent20世纪30年代的"登月"计划 of putting a man on the moon.建造大坝要倾倒660万吨混凝土 6.6 million tons of concrete have to be poured. 足以铺设一条四英尺宽的人行道环绕地球一圈 That's enough to lay a 4-foot-wide sidewalk around the earth.如何将如此大量的混凝土 How to pour that much concrete倾倒在特定的地点呢 and get it where it's needed?弗兰克·克罗设计了历史上 Frank Crowe designs the most最为复杂的缆索系统 sophisticated cable system ever built.开底式巨桶 Giant bottom-opening buckets.能将混凝土准确地倒入 They pour the concrete into molds指定地点的模具中 exactly where it is wanted.罗马人早在2000年前就发明了混凝土 Concrete was invented by the Romans 2,000 years ago,但胡佛水坝却是历史上 but the Hoover Dam is the第一座由混凝土建成的大坝 first large concrete dam in history.现如今几乎所有的水坝均由混凝土建成 Today virtually all dams are made of concrete.混凝土易成形又很坚固 It's malleable and it's strong.是建筑中使用最广泛的材料 It's the world's favorite building material for any structure.时间紧迫弗兰克需要解决一个重大问题 Frank is up against the clock, and he has a big problem.混凝土凝固过程中会释放热量 The curing concrete generates heat.若这些混凝土一次性持续倾倒 If the dam were constructed in a single, continuous pour,产生的热量足以 it would put out enough heat to bake连续三年每天烘烤50万片面包 half a million loaves of bread every day for three years.更糟的是这让大坝要过125年才能完全硬化 But worse, the dam would take 125 years to harden.弗兰克·克罗可等不起 Frank Crowe's got no time for that.布莱恩·威廉斯 [NBC晚间新闻主播]无路可退我们终于真正认清自己 Backs against the wall, we figured out who we were. 拼尽全力安然度过了大萧条时期 We worked our way out of that Depression.让混凝土冷却下来的法宝 The secret of cooling the concrete就藏于大坝之内 lies within the dam itself.直径1英寸总长582英里的水管 582 miles of 1-inch pipes自大坝所要制服的科罗拉多河引来冰冷的河水 carry ice-cold water from the very river the dam is taming.詹姆斯·梅格斯 [《大众机械》杂志总编]那是一次创举 No one had ever thought of this before,这些水管如今依然留在胡佛大坝中 and those pipes are still in the Hoover Dam today. 弗兰克·克罗未辜负其快手之名 Frank "Hurry Up" Crowe lives up to his name.胡佛大坝于1935年9月30日竣工 The Hoover Dam is completed on September 30,1935, 提前两年完工 two years ahead of schedule.弗兰克获得了一笔 Frank receives a bonus worth相当于如今400多万美元的巨额奖金 over $4 million in today's money.汤姆·布罗考 [原NBC新闻主播]对于那些工人来说建造了胡佛水坝 For those workers to have built something as monumental如此富有挑战又意义深远的建筑物 and as challenging as Hoover Dam was,实在是建筑史上一次惊人的壮举 it was an astonishing feat of construction让我们相信一切皆有可能 and I think it gave us all a sense of the possible. 1936年胡佛大坝 1936. The Hoover Dam成为世界上最大的 is the largest hydroelectric水力发电设施 power-producing facility in the world.这里共17座发电机 Each of the 17 generators weighs每座的重量都超过4架巨型飞机 more than four jumbo jets.这些发电机可以给像洛杉矶这样 Together, they can supply power to 750,000 people 迅速发展的城市里75万人口提供电力 in booming cities like Los Angeles.这座大坝造就了密德湖 The dam creates Lake Mead,美国最大的水库 the biggest reservoir in America,蓄水量足以将整个纽约州 big enough to flood the entire覆盖在一英尺深的水下 state of New York under a foot of water.让加利福尼亚成为 It helps California produce more food,美国粮食产量最大的州 for the United States than any other state.胡佛大坝建筑工人还带动了周围地区的发展 The Hoover Dam workers make something else boom as well.他们常去30英里外的 A little town 30 miles away where一座小镇喝酒赌博 they go to drink and gamble.小镇的名字叫做 Its name:拉斯维加斯 Las Vegas.胡佛大坝一名建筑工人的妻子如是说 As the wife of one Hoover Dam worker puts it: 他们的工作如此危险 When men worked in such dangerous surroundings,所以偶尔放纵一下 you couldn't blame a lot of fellas也是无可厚非 for sort of letting their hair down.他们开心就好 They were having fun.1930年拉斯维加斯城居民共5000人 1930. 5,000 people live in Las Vegas.然后来了建筑大坝的工人 Then the dam workers arrive.然后是游客然后是赌博业的兴起 Then the tourists. Then the gambling.现如今每年有3700多万人 Now, over 37 million people来到拉斯维加斯吃喝玩乐 come every year to party in Las Vegas.建成七十余年胡佛大坝依然 After 70 years, the Hoover Dam still为内华达州亚利桑那州 supplies power to the people of Nevada, Arizona,以及加州居民供电 and California.拉斯维加斯一家酒店有着全世界最大的探照灯 One Las Vegas hotel has the biggest flashlight on earth,这盏灯拥有400亿烛光功率 40 billion candle power.借助其灯光 You can read a newspaper人们可在10英里外的地方看报 10 miles out in space by its light.1934年黑暗笼罩着整个美国 1934. Darkness falls across America.这是美国历史上最严重的一次环境灾害 The worst environmental disaster in American history.沙尘暴侵袭纽约芝加哥和波士顿 Dust storms hit New York, Chicago and Boston. 曼哈顿区正午都不得不点亮路灯以照明 In Manhattan, the streetlights come on at midday.这场沙尘暴祸及1800英里土地 A monstrous dust storm 1,800 miles wide从大平原直到大西洋 from the Great Plains to the Atlantic Ocean.空中满是沙尘 The air turns to earth.这场沙尘暴为每个美国人带来3吨沙尘 The storm carries 3 tons of dust for every American alive.船只只能滞留在东海岸 Ships stop off the Eastern Seaboard,不清楚岸上的情况 not sure what is happening.滚滚的沙尘让"德意志"号的船长以为 The cloud reminds the captain of the ship "The Deutschland"是撒哈拉沙漠的狂沙被吹来了海里 of the sands of the Sahara blowing out to sea. 而现在沙尘暴正吞噬着自由女神像 But now the clouds are devouring the Statue of Liberty.这场沙尘暴产生于一片100万英亩的死亡地带 Dust storms were born out of a 100 million-acre dead zone就在两千英里之外的俄克拉荷马 2,000 miles away in Oklahoma,德克萨斯堪萨斯与科罗拉多州一带 Texas, Kansas and Colorado.中央大平原曾是 The Great Plains had once been世界上最富饶的草原地带 the most fertile grasslands on earth.土壤耕种层深达6英尺 The topsoil was 6 feet deep,但经过四代美国农民的耕作 but it has been plowed up and used up这片土地已然贫瘠 by four generations of farmers.而太阳的烘烤又使它干透 Now the sun has dried it up.H.W.布兰茨 [德克萨斯大学教授]真正使农民严重受损的 What really did the farmers in是一场环境灾变 was an environmental cataclysm包括大范围干旱强风 that involved an extended drought, high winds,以及损失上百万吨耕种层土壤 and the loss of millions and millions of tons of topsoil.就仿佛上天 It was almost as though the heavens themselves都在和农民作对 had turned against the farmers.1930年这里几乎没有降水 By 1930, the rains virtually stop.重量较轻的有机物最肥沃的土壤 The lighter organic matter, the best soil,几乎都被风刮走了 is literally gone with the wind.小颗粒的沙尘悬浮在空中 The tiny particles of soil are suspended in the air.这引起了异常现象 Then a freakish phenomenon happens.地面与灰尘之间产生静电 Static electricity builds between the earth and the dust. 就像磁铁一样 Like a magnet,这种静电将更多沙尘吸入空中 the static electricity sucks up more and more dust, 滚雪球般越滚越大沙尘范围和威力剧增 feeding itself, growing in size and power. 灾难由此产生 A monster is created.沙尘到达一万英尺的高空 The dust is lifted up to 10,000 feet.借助高空风力 Powered by high-altitude winds,灾害肆虐全国 the monster rips across the country looking for prey.1935年4月14日科罗拉多州拉马尔城 April 14, 1935. Lamar, Colorado.露易丝·沃尔顿曾经的百老汇舞者和女演员 Louise Walton, once a Broadway dancer and an actress.放弃了喧嚣浮华 She gives up the glamour只为到草原来呼吸新鲜干燥的空气 to breathe the clean, dry air of the prairies. 医嘱说如此方能治其肺病 The doctors say her lungs need it.露易丝在南部平原过得很好 Louise thrives on the Southern Plains,她6岁的女儿珍妮也是如此 and so did her six-year-old daughter Jeanne...直到最近 until recently.他们的田园梦成了噩梦一场 Their rural dream has become a nightmare.过去三个月中就发生了49次沙尘暴 49 dust storms in the last three months.这一天天高气爽 But today the air is crisp and clear.珍妮刚刚出院 Jeanne has just got out of hospital她患的是沙尘暴引起的呼吸道疾病 with respiratory problems because of the dust storms.那天清晨 Early that morning,600英里以北 600 miles north,一股来自加拿大的冷锋 a cold front from Canada遭遇高压暖锋 had hit a warm high-pressure front--恰好形成了推动沙尘暴前进的强风 perfect conditions to create the winds for a dust storm.这可不是一般的沙尘暴 But this is not just any duster.这场沙尘暴到达北达科他州的俾斯麦城时 By the time it passes Bismarck, North Dakota,其规模与强度之大 it's the biggest, strongest dust storm在美国已经是前所未有 ever seen in America.冷锋推动沙尘暴在草原地区向南趋近 The cold front drives the storm south across the prairies.以65英里的时速 It's heading straight for向露易丝与珍妮所在处进发 Louise and Jeanne's place at 65 miles per hour.力量愈加强大 It grows more and more powerful.产生的静电 It produces enough static足以为纽约全市供电 electricity to power New York City.到达科罗拉多州拉马尔城时 By the time the storm reaches Lamar, colorado,沙尘暴已横跨200英里 it is 200 miles wide.气温骤降 The temperature plunges.下午2:40 2:40 p.M.珍妮发现沙尘暴正在靠近 Jeanne finds herself looking into the heart of the storm. 妈妈 Mommy!珍妮 Jeannie?我仿佛陷入漩涡 It was like I was caught in a whirlpool.突然之间四周一片黑暗 All of a sudden, it got completely dark.伸手不见五指 I couldn't see a thing.妈妈 Mommy!这些沙尘中带有30万吨 The dust clouds contain over 300,000 tons中央大平原的表层土壤 of Great Plains topsoil.人们要把自己用绳子绑住 People tie themselves to ropes才敢去几百英尺外的畜棚 before going to a barn just a few hundred feet away.牲畜大量死亡人们把尸体切开时 Cattle die, and when they are cut open,它们胃里满是沙土 their stomachs are full of sand.埃尔·卡玛里罗 [斯坦福大学教授]人们对此记忆深刻 There are these memories of people他们整天整天足不出户 that go for days and days and days holed up就呆在小平房里 inside of their little ranch houses,不见天日 and they never see the light of day因为沙尘太多 because the dust is so severe太密集蔓延几百英里 and it's so thick, over hundreds of miles.连续数天不见天日 For days, they don't see light.沙尘微粒进入了珍妮的肺部 The tiny dust particles drill into the child's lungs. 她患上了尘肺病一种在满天黄沙中蔓延的瘟疫 She comes down with dust pneumonia, the brown plague.在堪萨斯科罗拉多和德克萨斯 The Red Cross set up six emergency hospitals红十字会建立了6座急救医院 in Kansas, Colorado, and Texas来治疗沙尘暴引发的大量呼吸道感染 to deal with the rise of respiratory infections. 露易丝·沃尔顿来科罗拉多是为了呼吸新鲜空气 Louise Walton had come to Colorado for the air,可此时医生告诉她 and now doctors tell her她的女儿可能会因为这空气而丧命 that her little girl could die of it.中央大平原上上演了现实版的 There is an Exodus of Biblical proportions圣经出埃及记 underway on the Great Plains.到1936年农民们每天损失高达2500万 By 1936, farmers are losing $25 million a day. 这里已不再适宜耕种 Farming is no longer a possibility.大萧条接踵而至 The Great Depression takes hold.按揭贷款到期他们却无力支付 Their mortgage comes due, they can't pay it--因为没有任何收成 they're not growing crops.他们失去了家庭农场已经不能再算是农民了 They lose the family farm, they lose their identity.。
THE STORY OF US字幕(美国：我们的故事第5集-- 内战)
[00:00.00] 本字幕由YYeTs人人影视原创翻译制作仅供学习禁止用于任何商业盈利行为更多影视更新请登陆[00:03.00][00:00.00]■[00:03.00][00:03.90]南北之战The North against the South.[00:06.10][00:08.36]手足相残Brother against brother.[00:09.36][00:13.09]内战是美国历史上最血腥的篇章The Civil War is the bloodiest in American history. [00:16.90][00:17.74]胜利不仅仅取决于战场上的血拼肉搏Victory will take far more than brute firepower on the battlefield.[00:22.25][00:24.69]技术通讯后勤Technology, communications, logistics.[00:31.87][00:31.88]正是这些火线背后的较量It's what happens behind the front lines[00:34.75]最终决定了这场关乎美国未来的战事that will ultimately decides this battle for America's future.[00:40.31][00:43.90]我们是前锋也是先驱We are pioneers...and trailblazers.[00:48.71][00:48.72]我们为自由而战We fight for freedom.[00:52.19][00:52.23]我们将梦想付诸现实We transform our dreams into the truth.[00:55.22]我们的奋斗将换来一个国家的新生Our struggles will become a nation.[00:59.22][00:59.87] 美国: 我们的故事[01:03.19][01:07.08] 第五集内战[01:10.62][01:12.44]1862年内战进入高潮1862, the Civil War is at its height.[01:16.25]南北双方North and South,[01:17.55]陷入了一场关乎美国未来的苦战locked in a bitter conflict for the future of America. [01:20.92][01:22.51]一种新式子弹A new kind of bullet[01:23.63]将这场战争带入了可怕的僵局has brought this war to a terrible deadlock,[01:26.70][01:30.13]造成了始料未及的大规模人员伤亡bringing death on a scale never previously seen in warfare.[01:34.71] 翻译：安小七爱卿Jose ww艾取子小Q[01:38.72] 校对：安小七精校：小坏时间轴：Sissi[01:42.73] 后期：鱼骨头总监：小坏[01:46.74]伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德的一家冶金铺里Here at a metal works in Springfield,Illinois,[01:49.56][01:49.67]熔铅踏上了历史舞台molten lead is beginning its journey,[01:52.41][01:55.12]成为了一种致命的破坏性原料becoming a lethal instrument of destruction.[01:58.49][01:58.79]熔铅所铸的子弹被称为迷你弹The bullet known as the minie ball.[02:01.79][02:03.33]这一小块未加工的铅就是This crude piece of lead is the primary reason[02:07.28]造成前所未有的伤亡的罪魁祸首for the unprecedented levels of slaughter in this war.[02:10.71][02:12.80]迷你弹发明于法国重一盎司直径半英寸Invented in France. It's an ounce in weight and a half inch across.[02:18.09]每人每小时可以铸造3000枚迷你弹One person can cast 3,000 minie balls an hour. [02:21.77][02:24.97]每一发这种不起眼的子弹Each one of these simple bullets[02:26.98]都可以在眨眼间洞穿人体can rip through a man's body in a fraction of a second. [02:30.49][02:33.93]南北双方都在使用迷你弹The minie ball is used by North and South alike.[02:37.45][02:38.12]对这种致命子弹的需求高涨Demand for this killer bullet runs so high[02:41.46][02:42.33]导致了一个全新工业的兴起that an entire industry springs up[02:44.59]专门为前线输送迷你弹supplying minie balls to the front line[02:47.15][02:51.80]北方一共铸造了超过5亿枚迷你弹In total, the North makes over half a billion minie balls,[02:55.38]准备送往前线ready to be fired from[02:56.75]武装士兵们手中的200万支步枪the 2 million muskets supplied to its men.[02:59.49][03:03.34]从多个角度看In many ways,[03:04.85]詹姆斯·梅格斯[《大众机械》杂志总编][03:08.85][03:04.85]内战都是第一场现代战争the Civil War was the first modern war[03:07.28]这是工业革命的影响深入到美国之后because it was the first war that took place [03:11.23]打响的第一场战争after the Industrial Revolution had begun to transform our country.[03:15.63][03:17.31]把这一箱子弹运送到前线去It will take over 33 hours for a bullet in this box[03:21.13]需耗时超过33小时行程逾800英里to travel the 800 plus miles to the battlefield [03:24.36][03:24.37]然后就等目标出现ready to find its target.[03:26.44][03:30.39]新式步枪比起传统武器来The new musket is much faster to reload[03:33.55][03:33.73]重新上膛的速度大大提升than traditional weapons.[03:35.85][03:36.89]装上火药Load the gun powder,[03:38.66][03:40.92]把子弹塞到底ram down the bullet,[03:42.64][03:48.61]然后就可以射击了and it's ready to fire.[03:50.42][03:56.02]布莱恩·威廉斯[NBC晚间新闻主播][03:58.62][03:54.60]想象一下这样的战斗状态Imagine warfare where your ability to load a musket [04:00.90]你给步枪的上膛速度是否快过敌方faster than the guy with the other musket [04:03.40]将直接决定你是生是死would determine if you lived or die.[04:06.61][04:26.85]枪管内壁的凹槽即装膛线Groove on the inside of the barrel, rifling,[04:29.99]让子弹旋转着射向目标spin the ball towards its target.[04:32.73][04:35.84]准度和射程的双重改进使其更加致命The improved accuracy and range are a deadly combination.[04:40.54][04:44.54] 理查德·麦克·马克威茨[军事专家前海豹突击队队员][04:49.55][04:44.54]前一秒一切太平One second -- everything's great[04:46.55]下一秒你的伙伴已经身首异处and the next second, your buddy's head is gone [04:50.84]或者他的一条胳膊飞了出去or his arm is flying off.[04:52.90][04:54.65]当一枚软金属步枪弹击中人体后的惨状You don't want to know what a soft metal musket ball does[04:59.93]你是不会想知道的when it enters the human body.[05:02.13][05:06.64]冲击过后子弹尖头变平On impact, the bullet flattens out.[05:10.71][05:12.44]骨头碎成尖片bone shattered into splinters[05:13.44][05:18.57]对肌肉和组织造成更深的伤害causing further damage to muscle and tissue. [05:21.71][05:24.35]通常情况下More often than not,[05:26.15][05:26.75]被子弹直接击中只有死路一条the result of a direct hit is death.[05:30.15][05:37.79]即使有了迷你弹这样的科技优势but for all the minie balls technological edge, [05:40.84]军队仍然采用传统的兵法战术the army still uses traditional military tactics.[05:44.72][05:49.46]让战争尤为惨烈的是What made it specifically tragic was[05:51.99]现代科技与更多的传统战术相结合modern technology meeting much more ancient tactics,[05:55.45][05:55.82]因此伤亡数字十分惊人so the death rates were truly appalling.[05:59.62][06:00.82]双方军队仍是直接正面交锋The troops still face one another openly[06:03.82]并维持着各自的战线with lines across the battlefield.[06:06.36][06:08.75]但迷你弹精确射程可达600码[约550米] But the minie ball is accurate over a range of 600 yards.[06:12.78][06:15.59]足以轻易贯穿两军间隔Easily spaning this distance.[06:18.06][06:20.94]而且其重新上膛时间更短And it can be reloaded[06:22.46]比传统武器要快八倍eight times faster than a traditional weapon.[06:25.56][06:31.57]后果是灾难性的The effects are catastrophic.[06:32.57][06:40.93]战死率相比之前的战争The kill rate increases dramatically[06:43.68]大幅上升compared to previously wars.[06:45.61][06:47.13]整个战场就像是经历了一场大屠杀Across the battlefield the results are carnage. [06:51.09]出乎意料伤亡数字空前巨大Blood and death on a previously unseen scales. [06:55.70][06:56.55]他们相互残杀尸体成群成排成堆They killed each other in droves in lines and in piles.[07:03.35][07:05.90]士兵亚历山大·亨特写道Soldier Alexander Hunter writes.[07:08.86][07:08.95]一个人趴在地上身体几乎分成了两半One lay on his face with his body almost in two parts.[07:13.01][07:14.59]另一个人中弹时还正在瞄准Another was shot just as he was taking aim,[07:17.92][07:18.18]一只眼还睁着而另一只眼已经闭上了one eye was still open while the other was closed,[07:21.09]胳膊伸出去的姿势还在握着步枪one arm extended in the position of holding his rifle[07:24.11][07:24.71]而步枪则躺在他身边的地上which laid beside on the ground.[07:27.21][07:28.39]双方的部队The troops on both sides[07:30.26]都必须在这弥漫着死亡气氛的环境中挣扎求生must live in the middle of this untold deafen suffering.[07:34.08][07:34.09]霍雷肖·查普曼在日记里记录了他的经历Horatio Chapman, records his experience in his diary.[07:38.40][07:38.64]有些地方死尸层层堆叠在一起The dead in some places were piled upon each other[07:41.75][07:41.78]伤员的呻吟和哀叹and the groans and moans of the wounded[07:43.78]实在令人耳不忍闻were truly saddening to hear.[07:45.78]一部分人苟延残喘但已失去知觉Some were just alive and gasping, but unconscious[07:49.65]而另一部分人重伤垂死others were mortally wounded[07:51.50]同时清醒地意识到自己已是命不久矣and were conscious of the fact that they could not live long.[07:54.64][07:59.19]截至北方获胜之时By the time of the North's final victory,[08:01.66]双方合计阵亡人数超过60万over 600,000 men on both sides are dead.[08:05.25]相当于当时美国人口的2% sum 2% of the entire US population.[08:09.60][08:09.99]按比例推算In current population terms,[08:12.01]相当于现在的600万人that's the equivalent of 6 million people.[08:15.32][08:21.23]死者中有近半数依然身份不明Almost half of the dead remain unidentified.[08:24.74][08:29.49]由于害怕自己会成为战场上的无名鬼The fear of dying forgot on the battlefield [08:31.97]士兵们第一次leave soldiers for the first time[08:33.68]开始在军装上画上自己的姓名和部队番号to begin painting their names and unions on their uniforms.[08:37.46][08:39.64]这些早期的士兵身份识别牌These crude early versions of the dog tag[08:42.98][08:42.99]在他们死后可以帮助辨认尸体的身份will make it possible to identify their bodies after they are killed.[08:47.12][08:53.17]此外美国日益发展的邮政服务For the first time, America's growing postal service, [08:56.77]让前线士兵们首次能够给亲友写信means soldiers can write to their loved ones from the front.[09:00.58][09:01.06]由于当时还没有如今的军队审查制度With none of today's military censorship, [09:03.89][09:03.90]这就让诸如罗伯特·斯泰尔斯的士兵们it allows soldiers like Robert Stiles[09:06.47]得以将前线生活的恐怖现实传播出去to relay the terrifying realities of life on thefront line.[09:10.89][09:13.15]萦绕在我们身边的惨状和气味The sights and smells that assailed us[09:16.52]实在让人无法形容were simply indescribable.[09:18.20][09:20.47]尸体肿胀成了原来的两倍大小Corpse swollen to twice their original size.[09:24.14][09:24.30]有些尸体甚至会因Some of them actually burst sunder[09:26.99]淤塞的气体的压力过大而爆开with the pressure of foul gases and vapours.[09:30.20][09:33.28]潜藏在这场大屠杀背后深层次的政治仇恨Fueling this carnage lies the deep political animosity[09:37.32]才是战争爆发的根源that has led to this war.[09:39.55][09:41.10]在这场被喻为In the bitter conflict that[09:42.30][09:42.31]"手足相残"的苦战中has pitted as"brother against brother",[09:44.32]南方决意捍卫其独立地位the South has determined to defend its independence [09:47.42]以及奴隶制and the system of slavery.[09:49.64][09:50.87]而北方绝不会任由南方脱离联邦But the North will not allow it to leave the Union of States.[09:54.84][09:57.84]科林·L·鲍威尔将军[前美国国务卿][10:03.05][09:57.73]交战过后We fought and lost[09:59.00]双方都损失了数十万军人hundreds of thousands of men on both sides[10:01.06]都是为了捍卫自己心中的信仰fighting for what they believe is right.[10:03.65][10:07.42]新式武器和传统兵法的结合非常恐怖The unholy alliance of new weapons and outdated battle tactics,[10:11.38]导致了死亡率达到了工业化的规模means the body count on an industrial scale. [10:15.20][10:17.21]战争陷入了血腥的僵局The war is locked in a bloody stalemate.[10:20.35][10:20.36]双方都无法发起决定性的一击Neither side can land a decisive blow.[10:23.47][10:26.27]在这场相持不下的战争中In this bitter war of attrition,[10:28.58][10:31.23]胜利属于坚持到最后的人victory will come to the last man standing.[10:35.35][10:43.31]1862年8月开战已逾一年August 1862, over a year into the war.[10:46.31][10:48.21]罗伯特·E·李将军所领导的南方联盟军队General Robert E Lee's Confederate Army,[10:51.11]准备好发动一起大规模的进攻is readying to launch a wide ranging assault ,[10:53.96]对手是弗吉尼亚的联邦军队against Union forces in Virginia.[10:56.89][10:58.57]士气高昂的士兵们Highly motivated[11:00.09]将在他们的故土上大战一场these men are fighting on their home turf,[11:02.80]并时刻准备好为捍卫南方独立and are ready to die for Southern independence [11:05.58]为维护传统的乡村生活方式而牺牲and traditions, and its rural way of life.[11:09.10][11:10.63]南方的繁荣完全依托于一种农作物Its prosperity is built around a simple crop-- [11:14.00][11:15.02]棉花cotton.[11:16.57][11:18.67]棉花被喻为"白色黄金" Known as white gold,[11:20.44]南方的棉产量the South accounts for[11:21.97]占世界总产量的三分之二two thirds of the world's supply of cotton.[11:24.58][11:26.09]棉花给南方各州带来了惊人的财富And it brings extraordinary wealth to the Southern states.[11:29.50][11:31.16]但这笔财富却是建立在奴隶的血汗之上的but its wealth built on the backs of slaves.[11:35.43][11:39.55]而如今林肯的票选胜利Now Lincoln's victory at the ballot box[11:41.84]对这种传统生活方式构成了威胁threatens this traditional way of life,[11:44.77]使它所赖以生存的奴隶制岌岌可危the slavery it is built on.[11:48.00][11:54.56]不愿屈服于北方统治Rather than submit to Northern rule,[11:56.69]南方决定一战the South decides to fight.[11:58.83][11:58.87]他们想要分而治之They want a separate nation.[12:01.21][12:04.52]罗伯特·E·李将军担任General Rober E Lee takes command[12:07.45]新成立的北弗吉尼亚军队总指挥at the head of the newly formed army of Northen Virginia.[12:11.01][12:11.37]李是毕业于西点军校的高材生Lee, a brilliant graduate of the elite Westpoint Academy[12:15.16]又在墨西哥战争中久经历练is already a veteran of the Mexican War.[12:17.95][12:23.07]他在战场上的高效率一直为人所称道Highly regarded for his effectiveness on the battlefield.[12:26.97][12:29.13]李可以凭直觉主导战况Lee could intuit the battlefield[12:32.13][12:32.22]这一点很像二战中的隆美尔in a way that almost resembles Rommel in[12:35.69][12:34.69]纽特·金里奇[前美国国会众议院议长][12:36.69][12:35.69]或是巴顿World War II, or Patton,[12:37.18][12:37.23]因此他从某种程度上可以感觉到and as a result, he could sort of almost sense [12:41.04]哪里适合放手一搏where the place would be to take the gamble[12:43.32]哪里适合迎头一击and where to hit.[12:45.14][12:46.30]1862年弗吉尼亚州马纳萨斯Manassas Virginia, 1862,[12:49.64][12:49.75]南方联盟军在布尔溪confederal troops gather ahead[12:51.39]第二次战役前集结起来of the second battle of Bull Run.[12:53.74][12:56.06]李的兵力相比对手严重不足Lee's forces are heavily outnumbered.[12:58.98][13:00.62]但是这片弗吉尼亚林地But this Virginia woodland[13:02.75]是这些志愿军的地盘is home territory for these volunteer troops[13:05.30]他们对地形了如指掌known like the back of their hand.[13:07.59]严苛的训练和严格的军规Rigid training and strict discipline[13:09.81]把他们变成了一支令人望而生畏的武装力量has turned them into a formidable fighting force.[13:13.05][13:14.83]如果你是当时的一名赌徒If you've been a betting man back then,[13:16.56]你一定会把胜算押在南方you would have bet the South would have won.[13:17.98]戴维·鲍尔达奇[犯罪推理小说作家][13:19.98][13:17.98]南方要做的只是守住领地而已The South only had to hold its territory,[13:20.59]而北方需要深入敌后攻城略地the North had to come and take it away,[13:22.45]北方必须成为占领军the North had to be the occupying force[13:23.56]而这一点难度更大which is far harder to do.[13:24.56][13:35.50]在布尔溪李轻松展示了他麾下军队的优势At Bull Run, Lee easily demonstrates his force's superiority.[13:40.35][13:48.80]在一场仅持续了10分钟的交战中In one engagement lasting just 10 minutes, [13:51.94]北军士兵纽约第五团损失的兵力the yankee 5th New York regiment loses more men [13:55.26]比整个内战中其他任何一个团损失的都要多than any other regiment during the entire Civil War.[13:59.07][14:03.45]李的队伍一共歼灭了超过1700名联邦士兵All tolled, Lee's men kill over 1700 Union soldiers.[14:08.63][14:12.83]必胜的决心以及主场优势Determination and local knowledge[14:15.13]给南方带来了开战以来最大的一场胜利give the South their greatest victory in the war to date.[14:18.63][14:23.47]但李和他的指挥官们But Lee and his commanders[14:25.29]低估了这场战斗的性质have underestimated the nature of this conflict...[14:28.45][14:30.20]也低估了他们的对手and of their opponent,[14:32.18]亚伯拉罕·林肯总统President Abraham Lincoln.[14:33.79][14:34.88]因为林肯正在谋划一场全新的战争Because Lincoln is fighting a totally new kind of war,[14:38.31][14:39.43]而南方的对手们却对此全然无知and the Southern adversaries just don't get it. [14:42.91][14:54.05]一列火车满载着飞驰南下A packed train speeds on its way south,[14:56.92][14:56.93]给联邦军队带去生力军和给养ready to replenish the Union Army with fresh troops and supplies.[15:01.64][15:03.46]乔治·班尼迪克中尉在家书中写道Lieutenant George Benedict writes home. [15:06.45][15:06.60]我们被塞进运货车厢We were stowed away in freight cars[15:08.27][15:08.57]驶出这座城市and started out of the city.[15:10.80][15:11.90]车上除了我们团以外还载有600名军人The train took 600 other troops besides our regiment,[15:15.53]以及34节装得满满的车厢and numbered 34 heavily loaded cars.[15:18.02][15:24.07]铁路是此战中林肯的秘密武器之一The railroad, one of Lincoln's hidden weapons in this war.[15:28.20][15:33.30]这是总统直接下令进行的调度In one key operation ordered directly by the President[15:36.99][15:38.99]25000名新兵25,000 fresh troops[15:40.80]被送往1200英里以外的南方were sent on a 1200-mile journey to the South. [15:44.69][15:51.76]如果从公路走需要两个多月By road it would take over two months.[15:54.31][15:55.48]而通过铁路只需7天便可到达By rail, it will take these men just seven days. [15:59.59][16:04.17]自从19世纪30年代开建以来Following its introduction in the 1830's,[16:06.89][16:06.90]美国的铁路设施America's rail infrastructure has[16:08.71]渐渐将触角延伸到了全国的每个角落gradually spread its tentacles across the country.[16:11.60][16:14.42]林肯意识到这将彻底改变军队调度效率Lincoln realizes it can revolutionize the speed of troop deployments.[16:18.84][16:25.01]他和铁路拥有者们达成协议He strikes a deal with the rail owners[16:27.29]将北方铁路网纳入政府管辖to put the North railroad network under government control.[16:30.90][16:32.71]这使铁路也成为了一种战争武器It turns the railroad into a weapon of war.[16:36.40][16:38.62]军队不再像以前那样Instead of armies being limited[16:40.51][16:39.51]詹姆斯·梅格斯[《大众机械》杂志总编][16:42.51][16:40.51]被行军速度所限to the speed at which they can march,[16:43.04]突然之间你可以通过铁路all of a sudden, you had armies being able to move [16:46.41]把军队输送到前线to up to the front by rail.[16:48.95]而更重要的是后勤供给And more importantly, supplies.[16:51.72][16:54.88]给养和部队Supplies and troops[16:56.25]通过铁路从北方源源不断地输往前线pour out of the North toward the battle front. [16:58.82][16:58.85]有些繁忙的路线每天要运输800吨给养Some busy lines carry 800 tons of supplies a day,[17:02.75]相当于80节车厢的货运量the equivalent of 80 railroad cars.[17:06.02][17:08.84]林肯手中掌控的北方24000英里的铁路线In Lincoln's hands, the 24,000 miles of railroad tracks in the North[17:13.46]成了他战争武器的杀手锏becomes an arm of his war machine.[17:16.08][17:19.49]但南方所拥有的铁路网则小得多But the South has a far smaller network.[17:22.49]战争初期只有9000英里Just 9,000 miles at the start of the war[17:25.34]并且一直为私人所有and it remains under private control.[17:28.60][17:32.43]战争持续的四年中In the four years the war lasts,[17:34.73]北方新修了4000英里铁路线the North adds 4,000 miles of new track to it's network [17:38.39]而南方只新修了400英里against just 400 miles in the South.[17:41.41][17:46.03]铁路物资供给协调不力This inability to coordinate rail supplies[17:48.82]给南方带来了毁灭性的打击will prove disastrous for the South.[17:51.61][17:51.82]尽管他们离首都里士满只有30英里Even though they're just 30 miles from their capital in Richmond.[17:55.40]1863年冬落后的铁路运输In the winter of 1863, poor rail links[17:59.01][17:59.02]却使弗吉尼亚州的南方军队陷入饥荒mean Southern troops in Virginia starve. [18:02.33][18:09.20]尽管南方军队兵强马壮斗志昂扬For all their brilliance and determination in battle,[18:12.06]但他们唯独因为缺乏后勤供应the South simply lackd the logistics[18:14.53]而无法发动致命的一击to deliver a decisive blow.[18:16.91][18:19.95]而且不仅仅铁路运输存在问题And it isn't simply rail.[18:21.91][18:24.75]林肯意识到要取得胜利Lincoln realizes that victory[18:26.79]还得尽可能调动北方的一切工业力量depends on mobilizing the entire industrial might of the North[18:29.94]作为战争的强大后盾behind the war effort.[18:32.10][18:34.67]战争时期北方的服装生产量翻了一番Production of clothing in the North doubles during the conflict.[18:38.64][18:39.82]草耙制造商开始生产利剑Pitchfork manufacturers start making swords,[18:43.42]与此同时战争期间美国专利品数量增长了一倍while the number of patents doubles in the course of the war.[18:47.25][18:48.35]制造业技术产业基础设施Manufacturing, technology, infrastructure.[18:53.00][18:53.21]使得美国面貌焕然一新It will change the face of America.[18:56.09][18:57.91]有史以来第一次For the first time in history,[18:59.81]工业成为战争的强大后盾industry is put behind the war effort,[19:03.04][19:03.76]在一战和二战期间an approach to conflict[19:05.42]美国都运用了这种that America will exploit[19:07.07]调动工业力量的战略in the First and Second World Wars.[19:09.42][19:11.50]这是一种新的一体化经济的开端It is the beginning of a new, integrated economy. [19:15.56][19:15.62]即将成为现代经济的特征It will be the hallmark of the modern age.[19:18.88][19:26.91]在与白宫一街之隔的一幢建筑里In a building just across the road from the White House[19:29.98][19:30.14]有一个小房间is a small room.[19:31.80]它成了战争时期林肯的作战指挥中心It will become Lincoln's nerve center in this war.[19:34.89][19:36.17]在小房间的中央有一个简单的装置And at its heart, a simple device[19:39.74]改变了这场战争的作战方式和获胜途径that will transform how this war is fought and won:[19:44.28][19:44.62]这就是电报the telegraph.[19:46.47][19:51.06]1844年发明的摩尔斯电码The invention of Morse Code in 1844[19:53.96]使电报成为美国最早的大众通讯工具turns the telegraph into America's first tool of mass communication.[19:58.51][20:05.43]它编码迅速以点线构成的基本系统Quickly encoded, the basic system of dots and dashes[20:09.31]对于发送简短信息再理想不过了is ideal for brief messages.[20:11.70][20:15.36]就像今天的推特一样Like Twitter today,[20:16.71]发送转录消息只需要几秒钟it needs just seconds to send them and transcribe them.[20:20.63][20:23.95]曾经传令员需要花费数日Where messengers previously took days[20:27.22]快马加鞭数百英里on horse back, over hundreds of miles[20:29.24]跋山涉水才可以将信息送达and across every kind of terrain,[20:31.90][20:33.64]现在全国50000英里的电报网now the country's 50,000 mile telegraph network [20:37.76]意味着通讯几乎是在瞬间完成means communication is almost instantaneous. [20:41.48][20:42.49]电线杆与铁路线并排延伸As telegraph poles snake out alongside the railroad lines, [20:45.36]这个广袤的国家距离在缩短this vast country begins to shrink.[20:49.28][20:57.58]这改变了这场战争的本质It will transform the nature of this war,[21:00.54][21:00.61]因为信息和决策as information and decisions[21:02.45]如今能够以光速在各地来回传送can flow backwards and forwards, at lightning speed.[21:06.38][21:06.93]这算得上是电子邮件的早期形式It became kind of the early version of e-mail. [21:09.73][21:09.93]史蒂芬·约翰逊[著名作家][21:14.06][21:09.73]突然之间Suddenly it was possible[21:10.33]身处圣路易斯的某人可以把消息传给to get a message to somebody from St. Louis[21:11.93]比如说传给纽约的某个人you know, to get a message to New York[21:14.06][21:14.07]而这些都只需要很短的时间in a shockingly short amount of time.[21:16.92][21:19.58]林肯马上意识到了Lincoln immediately realizes[21:21.56]电报作为一个战争武器的潜力the telegraph's potential as a weapon of war. [21:24.77][21:26.46]他坚决要求安装He insists on the installation of telegraph lines[21:28.72]直通陆军部的电报线路directly into the War Department.[21:31.74][21:36.23]并迅速采取行动And he quickly acts to[21:37.51]将联邦内的所有电报传输设施都划归军方控制place all telegraph facilities in the Union under military control.[21:42.44][21:47.67]这个电报办公室成为一个中央枢纽The Telegraph Office becomes the central hub [21:50.87]林肯在这里组织指挥控制战事of Lincoln's war operation. His command and control center.[21:55.35][21:59.54]他忙的时候甚至会睡在这里He even takes to sleeping here at busy times.[22:02.88][22:04.80]电报办公室的经理大卫·荷马·贝茨The Telegraph Office manager, David Homer Bates,[22:07.95]描述了林肯有多专注于describes how Lincoln obsesses[22:10.12]战争前线传来的任何一条消息over every scrap of news from the front:[22:12.52][22:12.57]他常常逐字逐句读这些急件sometimes reading dispatches word by word[22:15.07]就像是在破译密码一般as they are deciphered.[22:17.35][22:22.09]每次林肯走进房间Lincoln's habit was to go immediately to the drawer[22:24.79]就会习惯性地直接去查看抽屉each time he came into our room,[22:27.14][22:28.19]从最上面的电报开始仔细阅读and read over the telegraphs beginning at the top [22:31.22]一直读到他上次已经看过的为止until he came to the one he had seen on his previous visit.[22:34.89][22:40.47]北方的电报网The North's telegraph network[22:42.11]延伸发展到四面八方spreads its tentacles far and wide,[22:44.57]从各处采集的信息反馈到了林肯sucking information back to Lincoln[22:46.43]和他在华盛顿的指挥官们手中and his commanders in Washington.[22:49.23][22:52.54]这将全局性的战略视野It gives him a vast strategic overview,[22:55.47]和无可匹敌的前瞻思维providing him an unrivaled insight[22:58.07]融入了他的指挥战术into his commanders' tactical thinking.[23:04.00]林肯得以随时跟踪着Lincoln himself was able to stay on top of,[23:06.81]詹姆斯·梅格斯[《大众机械》杂志总编][23:11.00][23:06.81]可以说是每小时都在更新literally, hour-by-hour[23:08.90]专注着每场战斗的即时战况developments in the course of individual battles. [23:11.51]以前从没有指挥官能做到这一点That had never happened before.[23:13.82][23:16.60]让他的将军们有些恼火的是To the irritation of his generals,[23:18.68]这甚至让他得以直接发布自己的命令it even allows him to issue his own direct orders,[23:21.97]告诉他们该如何作战telling them how to fight.[23:23.97][23:27.14]在其中一场战役里In one campaign,[23:28.58]当李将军的部队逼近华盛顿with General Lee's forces threatening Washington, [23:31.28]林肯用电报直接向将军们下令Lincoln responds by telegraphing direct orders to his generals.[23:35.33][23:45.61]班克斯将军的位置已暴露The exposed position of General Banks[23:48.01]因此当务之急是解除他的指挥权makes his immediate relief a point of paramount importance.[23:52.09][23:52.41]你现在直接听命于总统You are therefore directed by the President[23:55.35][23:55.36]立刻移师哈里斯堡迎战杰克逊部to move against Jackson at Harrisonburg. [23:58.41][23:59.12]务必立即出发This movement must be made immediately.[24:02.48][24:03.47]整个南北战争期间In the course of the war,[24:04.67]林肯从这个小办公室发出了约1000份电报Lincoln sends almost 1000 telegrams from the small office.[24:08.95][24:17.82]但南方从未意识到电报的这一潜力But the South never grasps the potential of the telegraph[24:21.44]它可以建立一个集中的指挥和控制系统in creating a centralized command and control system.[24:24.91][24:29.40]这也意味像李这样南方的将军们It means Southern generals like Lee[24:31.49]只能在没有战略全局观的条件下指挥作战must plan their battles without that kind of strategic overview.[24:35.60][24:41.65]随着战争的继续As the war continues,[24:43.45]林肯使出了他那战争机器的致命杀招Lincoln brings down the hammer of his war machine.[24:49.79]工业Industry.[24:51.98]通讯和供给线路Lines of communication and supplies,[24:54.16]兵力火力都被调动起来manpower and firepower, are all marshalled[24:57.06]向南方联盟军发动一波接一波的攻击to deliver a blow after blow to the Confederate Army.[25:00.75][25:03.30]然而南方But the South,[25:04.40]坚信他们是在为正义而战bolstered by the belief in the rightness of its cause [25:07.51]仍旧负隅顽抗拒绝投降doggedly refuses to give in.[25:10.25][25:12.82]因此死亡人数不断攀升As a result, the death toll just keeps rising.[25:16.73][25:19.18]1862年安提耶坦一役中At Antietam in 1862,[25:23.03]6000士兵阵亡6,000 are killed.[25:24.68][25:27.11]17000士兵负伤17,000 wounded.[25:29.76][25:34.33]是二战时诺曼底登陆死伤人数的四倍Over four times as many as during world War II's D-Day landings.[25:38.92][25:43.11]巨大的伤亡催生了一场战地医疗的革命The carnage will trigger a revolution in battlefield medicine.[25:47.70][25:57.13]内战时期军队外科医生实施的手术3/4 of all operations conducted by army surgeons [26:00.97]四分之三均为截肢during the Civil War are amputations.[26:03.65][26:05.09]外科医生威廉·沃森所写的信里Letters from surgeon William Watson[26:07.53]记录了当时战场上急诊医师的工作状况record what these battlefield ERs were like. [26:10.92][26:11.37]前天我一共进行了14个截肢手术Day before yesterday I performed 14 amputations[26:14.49][26:14.50]一刻也没有离开手术台without leaving the table.[26:16.14]我可以毫不夸张地说I do not exaggerate when I say[26:17.85][26:17.86]算起来我起码做了50台截肢手术I have performed at the least calculation, 50 amputations.[26:22.25]很多士兵的关节受了重伤There are so many severely wounded to the joints. [26:25.15]还有很多手术要做There are so many operations yet to be performed.[26:28.30][26:28.88]外科医生西奥多·戴蒙描述了Surgeon Theodore Dimon describes[26:31.23]由迷你弹这类武器所造成的可怕伤口the hideous wounds left by weapons like the Minie ball.[26:35.45]迷你弹对长骨带来的冲击The shattering, splintering, and splitting[26:38.64]所造成的骨骼粉碎破裂撕烂of a long bone by the impact of a Minie ball [26:41.08]触目惊心令人胆寒is both remarkable and frightening.[26:44.94][26:47.03]一位有经验的外科医生An experienced surgeon[26:48.89]可以在十分钟内截掉一段肢体can hack off a limb in just ten minutes.[26:51.31][26:52.33]当时的麻醉药是乙醚和氯仿Ether and chloroform are used as anesthetics.[26:56.30][26:59.59]即使从枪口下逃生伤口感染也会致命If a bullet doesn't kill you, then infection can.[27:04.03][27:05.18]坏疽是最大的杀手Gangrene is the greatest killer.[27:07.79][27:08.01]由于隔绝了氧气Deprived of oxygen,[27:09.40]伤口成了梭菌理想的滋生地wounds become an ideal breeding ground for clostridium,[27:13.25][27:15.64]这种细菌释放出毒素破坏组织结构a bacteria that releases a poisonous toxin destroying tissue.[27:20.45][27:21.82]紧随其后的便是死亡Death can follow quickly.[27:24.71][27:26.38]据估计内战时期共进行了6万次截肢手术Approximately 60,000 amputations are performed during the Civil War,[27:31.53][27:31.59]这个数字超过了美国参与的其他任何战争more than in any other war America has fought in.[27:35.26][27:35.96]死于伤口感染和疾病的士兵人数Twice as many soldiers died from infected wounds and disease[27:38.94]是死在战场上人数的两倍as on the battlefield.[27:41.68][27:47.10]空前巨大的伤亡This unprecedented carnage[27:49.21]迫使人们开始重新审视传统战地医疗forces a complete rethink of traditional battlefield medicine.[27:53.56][27:56.02]照顾士兵们的健康Looking after the well-being of soldiers[27:58.15]对提升部队战斗力来说becomes as central to the war effort[28:00.37]与枪支弹药的供给同等重要as the supply of guns and ammunition.[28:03.08][28:06.15]大量的妇女志愿加入战地护士的队伍Large numbers of women sign up as battlefield nurses.。
THE STORY OF US字幕(美国：我们的故事第4集-- 分裂)
[43:53.08] 第四集分裂[43:54.98][43:55.14]1825年1825.[43:56.83][43:57.14]全世界迎来了现代化的曙光All over the world, the modern era is being born. [44:00.13][44:01.12]工业革命来临It's the Industrial Revolution.[44:02.85][44:03.62]美国努力迎头追赶America is racing to catch up.[44:06.22][44:09.31]在纽约州北部In upstate New York,[44:10.97]一条人工运河正在郊野中开凿a man-made river is cutting through the wilderness. [44:13.81][44:14.65]伊利运河是四千年来The Erie Canal is the biggest construction project[44:18.17]西方世界规模最大的建筑工程in the Western world in the last 4,000 years.[44:21.28][44:24.32]全长超过300英里完全由手工开凿Over 300 miles long, dug entirely by hand, [44:27.65][44:27.97]而当时美国连一名像样的工程师都没有and America lacks a single qualified engineer.[44:31.66][44:33.12]美国人The United States of America[44:35.45]不会让大自然阻挡他们的去路isn't about to let nature stand in its way.[44:37.26][44:37.72]我认为美国精神是I think of the spirit of America[44:40.53]想象力与毅力的完美结合being imagination combined with tenacity.[44:44.04][44:38.43] 迈克尔·道格拉斯[著名演员][44:43.20][44:44.44]人们有兢兢业业的工作精神There's a strong work ethic,[44:47.09]有可以尽情施展的创造力a wonderful freedom of creation,[44:50.23]加上脑力与体力相得益彰combined with the mental muscle and physical labor. [44:55.07]对我来说它是人类精神的最高体现So to me, it represents the best of the human spirit.[44:59.92][45:02.48]然而大自然并不见得愿意合作But the land doesn't always cooperate.[45:04.85][45:05.73]一道60英尺高的石灰岩壁挡住了去路A wall of solid limestone 60 feet high. [45:09.31][45:15.20]仅仅30英里开外就是终点伊利湖Just 30 miles from the finish line, Lake Erie. [45:19.00][45:21.16]运河将会改变一切The canal will change everything,[45:22.81][45:23.08]将整个美国中部与大西洋连接起来linking the Atlantic Ocean to the whole middle of[45:26.47][45:28.02]它改变人们的居住地点和人生追求It changes where people live, and why,[45:30.09][45:31.56]把整个北方变成了全球经济中心and turns the North into a global economic powerhouse.[45:35.22][45:39.40]主持运河开凿的The man behind the canal[45:40.89]是满腔热忱的纽约州州长德威特·克林顿is New York's gung-ho governor, Dewitt Clinton.[45:43.76][45:46.70]出身富庶之家的他坚信一切皆可为Born to wealth, he won't take no for an answer. [45:49.88][45:51.48]他有志当总统He wants to be president.[45:52.90][45:52.95]却最终在纽约州长任上尽心竭力了20年Instead, he runs New York for 20 years. [45:56.03][45:56.71]美国历史上出现过许多独具慧眼的领导人America was blessed with many inspirational leaders,[45:59.49][45:59.50]我认为德威特·克林顿and I think Dewitt Clinton[46:00.81][46:00.82]深知纽约州的发展对美国意义重大had a real sense of how important new York could be for America.[46:04.43][45:59.39] 鲁道夫·W·朱利安尼[前纽约市市长][46:03.05][46:09.43]克林顿的愿景是让纽约州富起来Clinton's vision: to make New York rich.[46:12.34][46:15.82]从政治层面说开凿运河就像一场豪赌Politically, the canal is a huge gamble. [46:18.63][46:18.90]舆论纷纷抨击这项危险而又昂贵的工程It's savaged in the press as dangerous and too expensive.[46:21.95][46:22.24]他们将其戏称为"克林顿的大沟" They call it "Clinton's big ditch."[46:24.45][46:24.46]而这条"大沟"将永远改变纽约州But it will change New York forever.[46:27.14]这一工程比人类迄今为止所完成的It is a work more stupendous,[46:29.07][46:29.37]任何工程都更伟大更壮观more magnificent, and more beneficial[46:32.77][46:33.04]并能产生更多效益than has hither to been achieved by the human race.[46:36.13][46:38.37]所谓创业精神就是Entrepreneurship is about doing things[46:41.10] 迈克尔·R·彭博[纽约市市长][46:43.80][46:41.64]尽管你不知道结果怎样when you don't know what it's gonna look like,[46:43.38][46:43.39]也不知道该如何着手you don't know what it's gonna be made of,[46:44.79]你所凭借的只是一种直觉you just have this instinct[46:46.49]一种充满必胜信心的直觉that you can do it and it'll work.[46:47.85]这群人很有远见并且敢想敢做Those guys had visions and did it.[46:50.37][46:53.89]5万人50,000 men.[46:55.22]1100万立方码的石块11 million cubic yards of rock.[46:57.69]玫瑰碗球场可容纳92,542人[46:59.69][46:57.69]足以填满26000个玫瑰碗球场Enough to fillthe Rose Bowl 26,000 times.[47:01.54][47:07.39]工人中有很多是爱尔兰移民Crews are filled with Irish immigrants.[47:09.39][47:10.57]大卫·吉尔罗伊在这里挣的钱是家乡的5倍David Gilroy makes five times what he can earn back home,[47:14.41]但这是项危险的工作but it's hazardous work.[47:16.79][47:17.68]他们其实是在移山They're literally moving mountains,[47:19.99][47:20.00]而唯一可行的办法就是用火药and there's only one way through-- gunpowder. [47:23.66][47:24.03]这是一种由硝酸盐木炭及硫磺制成的A highly combustible mix of[47:26.74]极易燃的混合物nitrate, charcoal and sulfur.[47:28.67][47:29.12]一旦配比出错后果就是致命的The wrong proportions can be lethal.[47:31.79][47:43.14]只有一项工作比There's only one job[47:44.17]比点燃导火索更危险that's more dangerous than lighting the fuse...[47:46.52][47:48.59]那就是回去再点一次going back to relight it.[47:50.42][48:09.42]为了克服恐惧工人们喜欢喝酒To cope, workers drink.[48:11.53][48:11.99]威士忌能缓解紧张Whiskey calms the nerves--[48:14.31]同时也会麻痹大脑and clouds the brain.[48:15.63][48:16.12]一名英国游客不敢相信An English tourist can't believe[48:18.07]他们在执行爆破工作的时候还敢喝酒they're mixing alcohol and explosives. [48:20.65][48:21.00]这些爱尔兰工人变得越发莽撞大胆The Irish laborers grew so reckless of life, [48:23.49]以至于当听到爆炸的信号时that at the signal for blasting,[48:25.02][48:25.86]他们只不过拿铲子在头顶挡一下they would just hold their shovels over their heads. [48:28.01][48:36.24]我认为成长在美国I think when you're brought up in America,[48:37.75][48:36.75] 肖恩·康姆斯[著名歌手绰号"吹牛老爹"][48:40.75][48:38.03]就是成长在一段辛勤劳动的历史之中you're brought up on the history of hard work. [48:40.50][48:41.00]有那么多的移民There are so many immigrants[48:42.79]为建设这个国家献出了生命that have died to build this country.[48:45.17][48:45.52]这种精神流淌在我们美国人的血液中That's in our bloodstream,[48:47.00]深藏在我们美国人的基因里that's in our DNA as Americans.[48:48.39][48:48.67]我们不想让先辈们的牺牲付诸东流We don't want their lives to go in vain.[48:50.47][48:50.48]因此我们会比其他人更勤劳Because of that, we usually work harder than anybody else.[48:54.01][48:58.30]八年的开凿Eight years of digging.[48:59.44][48:59.77]近千人的牺牲Nearly a thousand lives lost.[49:01.43][49:01.74]七百万美元的投入相当于如今的一亿美元$7 million, more than 100 million today.[49:05.17][49:05.61]换来了伊利运河于1825年的顺利通航The Erie Canal opens in 1825,[49:08.55][49:08.56]一个工程史上的奇迹诞生了 a miracle of engineering,[49:10.79]东部和中西部从此连为一体connecting East and Midwest.[49:13.48]运河立刻成为了一条推动经济的高速公路It's an instant economic superhighway. [49:16.00][49:16.22]每年有总价值1500万美元的货物来往于河上$15 million of goods a year flow along the canal.[49:20.27][49:21.16]沿岸的小村庄迅速发展成了发达的城市Villages along the canal boom into dynamic cities--[49:24.59][49:24.60]水牛城锡拉丘兹和罗切斯特Buffalo, Syracuse and Rochester.[49:27.32][49:29.50]物价大幅下降最大降幅达到95% Goods crash in price, up to 95%.[49:34.05]昔日不得不自给自足的边陲小镇A frontier that had to be self-sufficient[49:36.27]如今各种商品应有尽有can now buy anything they want.[49:38.72][49:41.40]繁荣之火开始燎原Prosperity is on the move.[49:43.37][49:46.06]纽约市变成了一座繁华都市New York City becomes a boomtown.[49:48.65][49:53.56]华尔街迅速崛起成为了世界金融中心Wall Street takes off as a global financial center.[49:56.80][49:59.83]城市规模扩大了4倍The city quadruples in size...[50:02.04][50:04.44]并一举超越新奥尔良成为全国第一大港口and surpasses New Orleans as the nation's number-one port.[50:08.57][50:14.22]这里财富聚集There's so much money around,[50:16.01][50:16.32]"百万富翁"一词就是1840年在这里诞生的the word "Millionaire" is invented in 1840.[50:20.18][50:22.35]伊利运河仍在影响着今天的纽约州The Erie Canal still shapes New York today. [50:24.99][50:25.56]其北部80%的人口80% of the upstate population[50:27.14]依然生活在运河25英里的流域范围内still lives within 25 miles of it.[50:30.52][50:37.00]向南数百英里Hundreds of miles to the south,[50:38.65][50:39.07]一种小型作物正在创造另一种经济腾飞a small plant is creating another economic boom.[50:42.63][50:43.00]棉花Cotton.[50:44.04][50:44.22]然而这种作物也导致了后来的国家分裂But this one will eventually tear the nation apart.[50:47.71][50:49.79]棉花原产于热带地区Cotton is native to tropical regions,[50:51.85][50:52.13]因此美国南部各州成为了理想的种植区making the Southern states of the US a perfect breeding ground.[50:55.73][50:58.43]棉花有价值的部分是The valued part is the soft fiber[51:00.69]紧密地长在这种灌木黏性种子周围的柔软纤维which grows tightly around the shrub's sticky seeds.[51:05.58]全世界有30个棉花品种There are 30 species worldwide.[51:07.34][51:08.32]引进种植不成问题Growing it is no problem,[51:09.66][51:12.39]但是加工这些纤维并使之能纺织成布料but processing the fiber before it can be spun into cloth[51:15.77][51:15.78]则需要大量劳动力is labor-intensive.[51:17.23][51:17.93]特别是在除去棉籽时Especially, separating the seeds.[51:19.93][51:20.92]多年来只能通过手工来完成For years, it could only be done by hand.[51:23.73][51:24.16]仅分离一磅棉花就需要一整天的劳动One pound took an entire day.[51:26.48][51:28.34]1794年3月4日一项简单的发明A simple patent filed on March 4, 1794, [51:32.01][51:32.02]改变了这一切changes all that.[51:33.04][51:35.61]轧棉机The cotton gin.[51:36.54][51:38.00]它实现了加工过程自动化It automates the process[51:39.47][51:39.48]也加深了国家的分裂and deeply divides the country.[51:41.95][51:42.12]轧棉机不仅改变了美国The cotton gin transformed not only America,[51:44.35]也改变了世界but the world.[51:46.03]利用机器进行大规模生产的理念The concept of mass production using a machine [51:49.96]从此开始在各地流行just exploded everywhere.[51:52.43][51:46.66] 伍迪·诺里斯[发明家][51:50.66][51:53.50]一个工人现在能加工比从前多50倍的棉花One man can now process 50 times more cotton.[51:57.20][51:57.49]整个南方的棉产量因此突飞猛进Output skyrockets all over the South.[52:00.18][52:03.50]1830年美国棉产量占世界总产量的一半In 1830, America is producing half the world's cotton.[52:07.11][52:07.67]到1850 这一比例接近四分之三By 1850, it's nearly 3/4.[52:10.91][52:15.29]被喻为"白色黄金"的棉花Called white gold,[52:16.58]给南方带来了一种新式的奢华生活cotton supports a new lavish lifestyle in the South.[52:20.21][52:22.30]到1850年By 1850,[52:23.51]密西西比州的纳奇兹市的人均百万富翁数量there are more millionaires per capita in Natchez, Mississippi,[52:27.02]比全世界任何一个地方都要多than anywhere else on Earth.[52:28.86][52:31.63]城里最富有的人拥有4万英亩田地The richest man in town owns 40,000 acres, [52:34.76][52:34.77]几乎是曼哈顿岛的3倍大nearly three times the size of Manhattan Island.[52:37.83][52:43.30]南方的迅速繁荣The South is thriving[52:45.90]离不开一种人剥削人的制度on the backs of humans owning other humans.[52:48.51]也就是奴隶制It's called slavery.[52:50.69][52:51.75]北方也受到了南方繁荣的影响The North is implicated in the South's success. [52:55.38][52:58.84]工业发达的北方从南方的棉花中获益The industrial North is profiting from Southern cotton,[53:02.15][53:04.00]而对奴隶制却视而不见but turns a blind eye to slavery.[53:06.28][53:07.93]开国元勋中的许多人自己就是奴隶主Many of them slave owners themselves, [53:09.99][53:10.27]他们以为奴隶制会很快消失the Founding Fathers assumed slavery would soon disappear.[53:14.22][53:14.90]奴隶制在英国已经被废除了20年Slavery has already been abolished for 20 years in Britain[53:18.63]而且在欧洲的大多数地区属于违法and is outlawed across most of Europe.[53:20.80][53:21.09]但由于棉产量的剧增But with the cotton explosion,[53:22.82][53:23.11]奴隶制变得对南方经济极其重要slavery becomes critical to the Southern economy. [53:25.88][53:29.26]现在每个奴隶可以创造比以前多50倍的利润Each slave is now 50 times more profitable.[53:32.61][53:32.98]在轧棉机问世前只卖300美元的奴隶A slave who sold for $300 before the cotton gin[53:36.37]到1860年可以卖到近2000美元goes for nearly 2,000 by 1860.[53:39.25]人们没有真正意识到这一点People don't really realize this,[53:40.37] 詹姆斯·梅格斯[《大众机械》杂志总编[53:43.37][53:40.51]在轧棉机发明之前but slavery was actually on the decline in the South[53:42.50][53:42.51]奴隶制在南方实际是在逐渐衰退的prior to the invention of the cotton gin,[53:44.39]然而轧棉机使得棉花种植如此有利可图but then once the cotton gin made it so practical to grow cotton,[53:48.60]突然间所有南方农场主all of a sudden, every farmer in the South[53:50.59][53:50.60]都想尽可能地多种棉花wanted to plant as much cotton as possible.[53:52.58][53:54.55]然而过度种植导致了土地贫瘠But overproduction is destroying the land.[53:56.69][53:58.17]棉花种植向西部肥沃的土地进发Cotton heads west in search of fertile soil,[54:01.49]并带去了奴隶制bringing slavery with it.[54:03.42][54:06.12]而北方的废奴势力则要维护边远地区的自由But antislavery forces in the North want to keep the frontier free.[54:10.65][54:11.09]废奴战争的第一枪即将打响The stage is set for the first battles in the war over slavery.[54:15.56][54:24.90]棉花改变了美国人的生活方式Cotton is changing the way Americans live.[54:27.80][54:28.80]不久以后它还会带来国家的分裂In time, it will blow the nation apart.[54:31.82][54:33.26]对南方来说棉花就是金矿For the South, cotton is a gold mine.[54:35.92][54:36.20]而现在北方也想来分一杯羹Now the North wants a piece of the action.[54:38.49][54:38.77]这种互利共赢的合作关系It's a partnership that makes everyone rich,[54:41.54][54:42.60]建立在一种新型机器的基础上based on a new machine,[54:44.76]动力织布机the power loom.[54:45.48][54:48.34]运进来的是粗制棉绒Raw cotton comes in,[54:49.67]送出去的是精美的布料finished cloth goes out.[54:51.13][54:51.42]一切都在一个车间内完成All under one roof.[54:53.40][54:54.72]现代工厂诞生了The modern factory is born.[54:56.82][55:00.56]马萨诸塞州的洛威尔Lowell, Massachusetts,[55:01.88]这个纺织业发达的城市有着"纺锤之城"的美称is called the city of spindles, a textiles boomtown.[55:06.55]人口在短短15年内Population explodes[55:07.88]由1820年的200人骤增至近20000人from 200 in 1820 to nearly 20,000 in just 15 years.[55:13.99][55:14.55]城里超过三分之一的人在工厂里工作More than a third of the town works in the mills.[55:16.84][55:17.60]其中85%是15岁至25岁的单身女性85% are single women between 15 and 25. [55:21.36][55:23.04]哈丽特·罗宾逊只有10岁Harriet Robinson is ten.[55:24.75][55:25.05]父亲死后她就进了工厂When her father dies, she goes to work at the mill. [55:28.32][55:29.76]那情景历历在目我在走廊里来回穿梭I can see myself now, racing down the alley, [55:32.77]奔走于纺机之间between the spinning frames,[55:34.65]搬着个比自己还大的线筒箱carrying in front of me a bobbin box bigger than I was. [55:38.33]妇女第一次可以通过劳动挣钱Women earn money for the first time.[55:41.65][55:42.13]哈丽特的工钱帮助补贴家用Harriet's wages help supporther family.[55:44.64][55:45.04]工业化改变着每个人的生活Industrialization is changing everyone's lives.[55:48.65][55:51.45]所有女童工的收入都得到了合理利用All the mill girls make good use of their money.[55:53.79][55:54.06]家里的抵押被赎回来了The mortgage is lifted from the homestead,[55:56.34]农舍也被粉刷一新the farmhouse is painted.[55:57.73][55:58.00]女童工的收入能贴补守寡的母亲Mill girls help maintain widowed mothers[56:00.24]或者酗酒或者伤残的父亲and drunken or invalid fathers.[56:02.07][56:06.00]我们每周能挣2美元We were paid $2 a week.[56:07.71]当轮到我站在线筒箱上时Oh, how proud I was when[56:09.03]我是多么激动啊it came to my turn to stand up on the bobbin-box.[56:11.61][56:12.81]当妇女到纺织厂制线厂真正参与生产劳动时When women really joined the workforce in the cotton mills and the thread factories,[56:19.04][56:16.30] 玛莎·斯图尔特[著名女企业家有"家政女王"之称][56:19.30][56:19.31]这使她们有机会挣脱传统束缚I think it gave women an opportunity to get out,[56:23.13]并认真考虑自力更生了be serious about being bread winners.[56:25.61][56:25.81]这改变了整个美国的社会格局And it changed the whole fabric of America.[56:28.88][56:30.50]纺织工厂还掀起了美国人的服装革命The mills also revolutionize how Americans dress.[56:33.96][56:36.05]廉价棉布的大量生产Mass production of cheap cotton fabrics[56:38.69]振兴了美国的服装业spawns America's clothing industry.[56:40.88][56:42.29]以前大多数家庭的衣服都是自制的Previously, most families made their own clothes.[56:45.25]现在人们开始购买成衣Now, people buy ready-to-wear.[56:47.17][56:47.80]东方潮流取代了鹿皮大衣Eastern fashions replace buckskin.[56:50.20][56:50.55]到1850年By 1850,[56:52.04]服装业成了纽约市最大的制造业men's clothing is the largest manufacturing industry in New York City.[56:55.72][56:56.00]作为美国人我最自豪的一点就是For me, what makes me proudest to be an American[56:59.38][56:57.38] 吉米·威尔士[维基百科创始人之一][57:00.38][56:59.38]美国精神中的高效和乐观is that American spirit of productivity, optimism,[57:03.29]坚信人定胜天前景光明this idea that the world doesn't have to be doom and gloom,[57:06.52]我们可以利用科技让生活更美好that we can use technology to make our lives better.[57:09.09][57:11.45]时装并不是来自纺织厂的唯一新事物Fashion isn't the only innovation to come out of the mills.[57:14.61][57:15.00]这里发明的技术直接导致了硅谷的诞生Technology developed here will lead straight to Silicon Valley.[57:18.87][57:19.19]织布机上首创了穿孔卡用于生产带花纹的布料Looms pioneer punch cards to produce patterned fabric.[57:23.00][57:25.02]卡上的每个孔Each hole in the card tells[57:26.49]决定织机是否使用不同颜色的纺线the loom to use a different-colored thread, a yes-no decision.[57:30.68][57:31.38]这就是二进制代码所有现代计算机的基础It's binary code, the basis of all modern computers.[57:35.69][57:37.28]计算机和互联网的诞生The birth of the computer and Internet[57:39.45]都始于棉纺工厂里的织机began in cotton mills with these looms.[57:42.60][57:43.29]我认为在美国历史上的每一个You know, in every major development,[57:47.18][57:44.80] 约翰·拉萨特[皮克斯和迪斯尼公司创意总监][57:47.80][57:47.18]重要的发展时期I think, in the history of America,[57:49.33]科技都起到了核心作用technology has been at the center of it.[57:53.69][57:58.00]尽管轮班时间长达12个小时Despite 12-hour shifts,[57:59.47]工厂还是给妇女们带来了无限的机遇the factories offer a new world of opportunity for women.[58:02.53][58:03.83]她们通过更多的阅读和交流来提高自己They are reading more, talking more, educating themselves.[58:07.39][58:08.52]没错在上工时间读书是违规的Yeah, reading books on factory time was against the rules,[58:12.40]但我们把书藏在围裙口袋和废料桶里but we hid books in apron pockets and waste baskets.[58:15.81]有时我们也把诗贴在织机上背诵Sometimes we pasted poems on our looms to memorize.[58:19.29]美国社会第一次听到了她们的声音And for the first time in America, their voices are heard.[58:23.56][58:26.54]1836年10月October 1836.[58:28.59]洛威尔纺织厂的女工下班后有组织地聚集起来Women from the Lowell Mills gather after work and organize.[58:32.87]她们反对降薪的抗议Their protest against wage cuts[58:34.76]是美国历史上最早的罢工之一is one of the first strikes in US history.[58:37.72][58:39.38]最后她们赢了And they will win.[58:40.27][58:40.94]工厂老板作出了让步The mill boss is back down.[58:42.57][58:43.61]新一代的年轻女性后来成为了老师A generation of young women go on to become teachers,[58:46.65]作家甚至大学毕业生writers and even college graduates.[58:49.37][58:49.87]哈丽特·罗宾逊后来成了争取妇女参政权的领军人物Harriet Robinson will become a leading suffragette,[58:53.95]并在国会前作证and testify before Congress.[58:55.67][58:58.21]她们是第一批They're the first wave in a movement[58:59.88][58:59.89]争取妇女选举权运动的发起者that results in women getting the vote.[59:02.12][59:04.07]照亮她们夜间秘密会议的灯光Their secret meetings at night are only possible [59:06.85]来自一种非凡生物点燃的油灯with the light from lamps powered by an extraordinary creature.[59:10.54][59:15.10]鲸油照亮了夜晚Whale oil opened up the night,[59:16.69][59:16.70]正如许多其它革命性的新发明一样and like so many really transformative technological innovations,[59:20.43][59:16.70] 詹姆斯·梅格斯[《大众机械》杂志总编][59:19.70][59:20.43]它使人们更加自由it expanded human freedom.[59:21.86]它为人们开拓了一条多劳多得的劳动之路It created a way for people to get more, do more and achieve more.[59:26.59][59:28.90]原油在20年之后才被发现Crude oil won't be discovered for another 20 years. [59:31.73][59:33.28]在那之前是鲸油照亮着美国Until then, America runs on whale oil.[59:36.72][59:36.86]捕鲸业The whaling industry[59:38.13][59:38.14]推动了工业革命中的研发过程helped invent part of the Industrial Revolution [59:41.06]还给典型的美国工作狂帮了大忙and the classic American workaholic,[59:44.99][59:41.99]史蒂文·约翰逊[著名作家][59:44.29][59:44.99]通宵达旦的工作环境work-round-the-clock kind of environment,[59:46.99][59:47.00]在这种环境下如果你能有更多的亮光where if you have more light[59:48.30]来熬过那段不见天日的寒冬to keep you going in those dark winter days,[59:50.36]就能有更多成就赚到更多钱you could get more done, you could make more money,[59:52.79]因而在某种程度上你也推动了经济的发展and you could kind of drive the economy forward.[59:55.41][00:08.50]鲸是在地球上曾有过的最大的生物之一Whales are among the largest creatures toever live on Earth.[00:11.78][00:15.41]体重可达一百八十吨身长逾百英尺Up to 180 tons and more than 100 feet long. [00:19.18][00:25.10]一条鲸鱼可以制成A single whale can produce[00:26.23]可以高达三千加仑[约11立方米]的鲸油up to 3,000 gallons of oil.[00:28.50][00:31.30]时至今日美国航空航天局仍在使用鲸油Even today, whale oil is used by NASA. [00:33.90][00:34.34]哈勃空间望远镜就是靠鲸油工作的The Hubble space telescope runs on it.[00:37.05][00:42.67]捕鲸业是北方最大的产业之一Whaling is one of the North's biggest industries, [00:46.06][00:46.33]每年带来一千一百万美元的收入bringing in $11 million a year.[00:48.86][00:49.85]但从业者的伤亡代价也很高But the human cost is also high.[00:52.04][00:54.31]一半的捕鲸船最后会在大海里失踪Half of all ships will eventually be lost at sea. [00:57.53][00:58.00]很少有人甘冒此风险Few men are willing to take the risk.[01:00.05][01:00.35]但对于非裔美国人来说这却是一个良机But it's an opportunity for African-Americans.[01:02.67][01:03.25]两万名自由人和逃跑的奴隶选择了出海20,000 freemen and escaped slaves take to the seas.[01:06.81][01:08.10]约翰·汤普森是马里兰州一名逃跑的奴隶John Thompson is a runaway from Maryland.[01:11.03][01:12.49]我的家在费城I have a family in Philadelphia.[01:14.51][01:15.21]但我不敢再在那里多呆But fearing to remain there any longer,[01:17.41][01:17.42]我想到了去航海捕鲸I thought I would go on a whaling voyage[01:19.88]抓捕逃奴的赏金猎人们不太可能where I stood least chance of[01:22.21]跑到海上来追捕我being arrested by slave hunters.[01:23.61][01:27.93]捕鲸业所提供的平等机会超前于其所处的时代The equal opportunity offered in whaling is ahead of its time.[01:31.73][01:32.93]在这里有色人种真正被当人看待Here, a colored man is only known and looked upon as a man[01:36.39]并且他们的晋升只取决于能力和技术水平and is promoted in rank according to hisability and skill[01:40.64]干的活也和白人一样to perform the same duties as a white man.[01:42.95][01:47.63]从某种角度来说捕鲸业The whaling industry offered[01:49.47]为那些像约翰·汤普森一样当过奴隶的人an ex-slave like John Thompson[01:52.42]提供了社会经济层面的流动性the possibility of socialand economic fluidity, mobility [01:55.65][01:52.83]小亨利·路易斯·盖茨[哈佛大学非洲和非裔美国人研究所所长][01:58.00][01:55.65]和被人接受的可能性and acceptance in a way.[01:58.08]即使在北方Even in the North,[01:59.75][01:59.76]对于黑人来说这在其它行业也是不可能的that was not possible for black people otherwise.[02:02.78][02:07.30]负责瞭望的人大声叫道The man on the lookout cried out,[02:09.46]"她在那儿喷水呢" "There she blows!"[02:10.86]海面上出现了四只鲸鱼There were four whales in sight,[02:13.07]距离他们只有不到四分之三英里not more than 3/4 of a mile distant.[02:15.76][02:20.90]猎杀它们需要花费数小时的时间It takes hours to kill them.[02:22.48][02:24.06]他们用的是最先进的鱼叉They use state-of-the-art harpoons[02:26.26]路易斯·坦普[美国著名废奴主义者发明家][02:29.26][02:26.26]这是由一个名叫路易斯·坦普的逃奴发明的invented by runaway slave Lewis Temple.[02:29.22][02:31.08]杀死鲸鱼的唯一方法是在鱼鳍处捅入鱼叉The whale can only be killed by lancing him under the fin,[02:34.65][02:34.66]这需要很多练习和技巧which is a work of much skill and practice.[02:37.36][02:39.50]一头盛怒之中的猛兽A monster, terrible in his fury,[02:42.26][02:42.77]足以在摆尾之间让小船灰飞烟灭able to shiver the boat in atoms by one stroke of his tail.[02:46.57][02:50.00]但海上生活纵使再凶险And yet even the dangers at sea[02:52.49]也比可怕的奴隶生活要强得多are preferable to the horror of life as a slave.[02:56.16][02:58.74]对那些冒险逃跑的奴隶的惩罚手段极其凶残Punishment is savage for those who risk escape,[03:01.57]但仍有人为了自由不惜一切代价but some will do anything to be free.[03:04.92][03:09.56]1841年新奥尔良1841, New Orleans.[03:12.47][03:12.48]奴隶交易的中心Ground zero for the slave trade.[03:14.89][03:16.05]这一天是拍卖日It's auction day.[03:17.17]一个让所有奴隶心惊胆战的日子The day every slave fears the most.[03:19.83][03:22.60]在十九世纪上半叶In the first half of the 19th century,[03:24.76][03:25.03]超过一半的奴隶是在拍卖会上被卖出的over half a million slaves are sold at auction.[03:27.75][03:29.69]这一行业在南方经济中占了20亿美元It's a business worth $2 billion to the Southern economy.[03:33.03][03:34.00]由于棉花种植业的繁荣Since the cotton boom,[03:36.57]奴隶的价格飙升the value of slaves has skyrocketed.[03:37.93][03:38.38]现在男奴隶1000美元Now men cost $1,000.[03:40.50][03:40.94]女奴隶800美元Women, 800.[03:42.14][03:42.42]儿童500美元Children, 500.[03:43.94][03:46.16]所罗门·诺萨普Solomon Northup,[03:48.20][03:46.20]所罗门·诺萨普[曾著自传《为奴十二载》][03:51.81][03:48.21]一位来自北方的受过教育的自由人an educated freeman from the North,[03:49.65]因遭绑架而沦为奴隶was kidnapped into slavery.[03:51.81][03:53.11]你到这边来You, come over here.[03:54.68][03:56.30]他会要求我们把头抬起来He would make us hold up our heads,[03:58.52]让我们快速来回奔跑walk us briskly back and forth,[04:01.19]这样顾客们就能观察我们的手臂和躯干while customers would feel our hands and arms and bodies,[04:05.85]他让我们张开嘴巴露出牙齿make us open up our mouths and show our teeth, [04:09.03][04:09.04]简直就像一个骑师在检验马匹precisely as a jockey examines a horse,[04:12.08]然后再决定是用钱还是用货物来完成交易which he is about to barter for or purchase.[04:15.05][04:16.52]奴隶后背上的伤疤被视为Scars upon a slave's back were considered[04:19.04]该奴隶反叛或难以管束的证据evidence of a rebellious or unruly spirit,[04:22.55]因而影响售价and hurt his sale.[04:23.77][04:26.20]把上衣脱了Take your top off.[04:27.16]九成的非裔美国人都是奴隶90% of all African-Americans are slaves,[04:31.36]包括400万男人女人和小孩4 million men, women and children.[04:34.20][04:34.80]我们的建国纲领是We had based this country on[04:36.75]人人都享有不容侵犯的自由和平等权利everyone having inalienable rights to freedom and equality,[04:40.60][04:37.60]雪儿·克罗[上世纪90年代以来最受欢迎的摇滚乐女歌手之一][04:39.60][04:40.60]然而我们也创造了一套惨无人道的迫害机制and yet we created a system of abject persecution.[04:45.60][04:47.81]奴隶们被养肥了送去拍卖就像牲口一样Slaves are fattened for auction, like livestock.[04:51.22][04:51.78]深肤色的男人被买走干农活Dark-skinned men are bought for the fields,[04:54.00]而浅肤色的女人则用来做家务活light-skinned women for the house.[04:56.33][04:57.81]奴隶贩子们谎报他们的年龄Traders lie about their ages,[05:00.36]甚至会给奴隶的白发染色even dye a slave's gray hairs.[05:02.37][05:03.02]对于农场主来说For the plantation owners,[05:04.82]买奴隶就像去当地的超市买糖和面粉一样it was like just going to your local supermarket to get sugar or flour.[05:10.59][05:06.90]艾尔·夏普顿牧师[美国人权领袖][05:10.30][05:10.80]他们已经完全忘了奴隶也是人They had become so desensitized to the humanity of the slave[05:16.44]以至于根本不把奴隶当人看that they did not see them as human beings.[05:19.61][05:23.00]买家需要生育能力强的奴隶来繁衍后代Buyers demand the most fertile slaves for breeding.[05:25.60][05:26.57]身价最高的就是浅肤色未成年处女The most expensive are light-skinned teenage virgins.[05:29.77][05:30.70]强奸已是稀松平常Rape is common.[05:32.53][05:36.61]伊莱扎来自一个州立农场Eliza's from a state plantation.[05:38.99][05:41.95]和她一起被拍卖的还有她的两个孩子She's being sold, with her two children, [05:44.82]埃米莉和兰德尔Emily and Randall.[05:46.89][05:47.33]在路易斯安那州In Louisiana,[05:48.99]将11岁以下的孩子从父母身边带走是违法的it's illegal forchildren under 11 to be taken from their parents.[05:52.67]小伙子过来Boy, come over here.[05:54.14][05:54.39]但这种事屡见不鲜It happens all the time.[05:55.69][05:56.74]给我看看你的牙齿Show me your teeth.[05:58.50][05:58.88]140年的时间对于You know, 140 years is not[06:00.27]整个历史进程来说并不漫长a really long time in the context of history.[06:02.78]所以我真的不敢相信So it's hard for me to believe[06:04.55]140年前黑人在这里没有任何权利可言that blacks didn't have any rights here, [06:06.98]他们遭受的是非人的对待they weren't treated as human beings,[06:09.19][06:07.19]约翰·勒珍德[五次荣获格莱美奖的R&B歌手和歌曲作家][06:11.18][06:09.20]本质上他们的待遇和动物无异they were treated like animals, essentially.[06:11.18][06:12.50]求你了先生Sir, please![06:13.63][06:29.00]拍卖会上过半的交易都会拆散一个家庭Over half the sales at auction will tear a family apart.[06:32.83]想象一下一个八岁的孩子If you've ever been eight, to think of being[06:35.91]被迫与父母分开separated from your mother and your father[06:37.63]被人买走永远不能再见父母一面and sold and you'll never see them again. [06:39.96]想象一下这过程中的惊恐与辛酸The horror of that, the poignancy of all of that, [06:42.38][06:40.38]安妮特·戈登·里德[罗格斯大学历史学系教授][06:43.38][06:42.39]而类似事件却在整个南方屡见不鲜and yet that's the kind of thing that happened across the South[06:46.19]直到奴隶制度瓦解up until the end of slavery.[06:48.09][06:49.00]好了我最后一次出价Okay, my final offer,[06:50.31][06:51.32]这个男人我出一千那个男人我出九百I'll give you 1,000 for that man, 900 for that man.[06:54.66]。
美国我们的故事 --第二集 Revolution革命 全文字幕 中英文文档ttxt 故事分节 带小标题
RevolutionNew York City,Gateway to North America. 纽约，通向北美的必经之路。
Today the financial capital of the world. 如今已是世界金融的中心。
Population,Eight Million people. 人口多达8百万，In 1776,this is a city of just 20,000. 但在1776年这里的人口不过2万，It will soon become the battleground for the biggest land invasion in American history. 随着战事的蔓延这里即将成为美国历史上最大规模抵抗外来入侵的战场。
Three miles from Wall Street, where 23rd Street crosses Lexington Avenue today the Rebels dig into defend New York at Kips Bay. 距离华尔街3英里，在今天第23大街与莱克星顿街的交汇处，起义军为固守纽约正在基普斯湾挖掘战壕，Commander of the Rebel Army is General George Washington. 乔治·华盛顿作为总司令指挥着这支起义军。
He has already driven the British out of Boston. 他曾出奇兵将英军逐出波士顿，A surprise victory against superior forces,but they'll be back. 但一场以弱胜强的胜利并不能阻止他们卷土重来。
The hour is fast approaching on which the honor and success of this army,and the safety of our bleeding country depend. 考验我们的时候到了，我军的荣誉，国家的安危全部落在了我们的肩上。
美国我们的故事观后感
美国我们的故事观后感《美国：我们的故事》观后感在最近观看了《美国：我们的故事》这部纪录片之后，我对美国这个国家产生了更深的认识和了解。
这部纪录片以独特的方式回顾了美国的历史，深入探讨了这个国家的起源、发展和核心价值观。
通过该片，我对美国这个国家的故事有了更为全面的认识。
首先，影片通过一系列真实的故事，展示了美国各个历史时期的重要事件和变革。
从美国的开拓时期到独立战争，再到内战和民权运动，每一个时代都有着不同的挑战和成就。
这些故事让我深深体会到美国这个国家的不断努力和奋斗。
虽然这个国家不断面临各种各样的问题，但人们永远保持积极乐观的态度，并迎接新的挑战。
其次，这部纪录片突出了美国社会的多样性和包容性。
美国一直以来都是一个移民大国，各种各样的文化在这个国家相互交融。
无论你来自哪里，你的种族、宗教或出身，只要你在美国，你就是美国人。
这个观点让我触动很深，因为我在这里看到了一个真正融洽的多元文化社会。
这个社会给每个人提供了平等和公正的机会，无论你是谁，只要你努力工作和付出，就有可能实现自己的梦想。
另外，这部纪录片也提到了关于美国核心价值观的讨论。
自由、民主和平等一直是美国社会的核心价值观，无论是政府还是个人都在为这些价值观而奋斗。
美国人始终相信每个人都有权利追求自己的幸福和自由，同时也愿意为了实现这些目标而付出努力。
这种价值观的坚持让我对美国的民主制度和社会的进步充满信心。
同时，这部纪录片展示了美国历史上的黑暗面。
无论是美洲原住民遭受的殖民压迫，还是黑人奴隶制度的存在，这些不可忽视的事实都让我对美国的历史产生了思考。
这部纪录片以一种客观的方式揭示了历史的真相，让观众更好地了解美国的成长过程中不可避免的错误和困难。
通过观看《美国：我们的故事》，我对美国这个国家有了更全面的认识。
我深刻体会到美国人对自由和民主的追求，以及他们为实现梦想而持续不懈的努力。
我也认识到，美国的多样性和包容性是这个国家的核心力量，它们让每个人都有机会追求自己的幸福。
美国我们的故事(中英混排)
中文名: 历史频道美国：我们的故事英文名: History Channel America: The Story of US影片简介：2010年4月，America: The Story of US「美国：我们的故事」在美国的历史频道首映。
这是一部12集的史诗纪录片，收视率超过了绝大部分美国虚构电视剧。
它全面使用电脑CG，把阿凡达式的视觉效果和好莱坞式的表演技巧引入纪录片，令人目瞪口呆，忘记这是真实的历史。
第一集的第一组镜头就把人牢牢吸引住了。
深蓝色的水底，一条大鱼游过，随后从水下看到一艘船缓缓驶来。
在一个俯瞰船身的镜头之后，摄像机加速度向着美洲大陆飞行，镜头前领飞的是一只美国兀鹰。
这部纪录片的叙事采取了画外音叙述，演员表演，嘉宾评论三种历史纪录片常用的方式，并把这三者巧妙地穿插在一起。
给演员的镜头频繁使用特写，过肩，偷拍等纪实风格，与现代影像语汇契合，同时又跟历史虚构片保持了距离。
CG在片子中运用得出神入化，镜头时常拉出事发地，一直拉到俯瞰地球为止。
在前两集中还多次使用了黑客帝国曾经用过的子弹时间特效，以表现军事冲突的紧张与暴力美学。
回顾美国独立与革新的历程，让我们看到了历史鼓舞人心的一面。
现在有请美利坚合众国总统作特别介绍。
History has earned some inspiring look at how self-determination and innovation made America. Now, a special introduction from the President of United States.晚上好！两百多年前，全世界拭目以待：美国独立，这个看似不可能的尝试能否成功？美国终于独立了。
不是因为必然，也并非轻而易举，而是因为几代美国人为了一个无比崇高的理想奉献出了自己宝贵的生命与无上的荣耀。
在历史发生巨大变革时，这一点尤为突出。
当一群身处底层的爱国者为了争取生存、自由与追求幸福的权利而推翻帝王统治时，当一位伊利诺伊州的扳道工(美国前总统林肯曾在该州当过扳道工) 向我们证明无论何时一个“民有、民治、民享”的政府才能长久，当游行队伍以人人平等、自由和公正的名义用有力的步伐震撼亚拉巴马大桥时。
纪录片美国我们的的故事观后感
纪录片美国我们的的故事观后感《美国，我们的故事》是一部由Ken Burns和Lynn Novick执导的纪录片，涵盖了美国历史上的各个重要时期和关键事件，通过深入调查和讲述当时人们的真实经历，呈现了一个真实、鲜活且多元的美国。
观看这部纪录片后，我深深被它所传达出的情感和历史故事所吸引，引发了我对美国的更深层次的思考。
纪录片以优秀的叙事方式，将美国历史上的微观和宏观元素相结合。
一方面，通过个人口述、历史文献和历史事件重演，展示了不同人群的生活和经历。
从南北战争到民权运动，从大萧条到国际恐怖袭击，这些历史事件在影片中得到了生动的呈现。
无论是美国南方黑人的种族歧视，还是美国妇女为争取平等权利而进行的抗争，每一个真实的故事都使我更加深入地了解了美国的演变和成长。
另一方面，影片也通过宏观角度，探讨了美国的价值观和国家建设的核心原则。
美国一直以来都是一个多元和开放的国家，无论是移民潮还是不同种族、文化和宗教的融合，这些因素都塑造了美国的独特性。
同时，影片也深入分析了美国历史上一些重要政策和决策背后的考虑因素，比如美国对外扩张的原因和意义，美国在两次世界大战中的角色等等。
这些让我对美国的国际地位和全球影响力有了更加深入的理解。
在《美国,我们的故事》中，有一些个人故事深深触动了我。
例如，我印象最深刻的是一个当年的美国士兵回忆起二战中的战斗经历。
他在片中倾述了他身陷炮火之中的恐惧、坚持和牺牲。
通过这个个人故事，我能够感同身受他们的困境和对国家的忠诚之情。
这也让我明白了美国尽管经历了许多困难和挑战，但每个时期的人们都以不畏艰难的精神抵抗和前行。
此外，纪录片还提到了美国历史上不可忽视的黑暗面。
无论是对印第安人的种族灭绝，还是对奴隶的残酷对待，这些令人痛心的历史问题一直存在着。
影片并没有回避这些问题，而是勇敢地去面对并展示给观众。
我觉得这种坦诚和勇气是值得赞赏的，它们帮助我们更全面地了解美国的历史，并推动我们反思和解决现实中的问题。
浅析历史纪录片《美国,我们的故事》的艺术价值
浅析历史纪录片《美国，我们的故事》的艺术价值【内容摘要】近几年，随着影像技术的迅速发展，大制作影视作品层出不穷。
影视作品的发展促进了文化艺术的进步，极大地丰富了文化艺术形式，其中历史纪录片是新世纪以来中外纪录片中发展较为快速的一种影视艺术，在文化交流、民族对话的时代主题下，起到很好的桥梁作用。
它以美学价值和历史脉动为基点，阐述了世界各国文化发展史，具有较高的艺术价值。
文章主要以《美国，我们的故事》为例，分析历史纪录片的艺术价值。
【关键词】历史纪录片艺术分析历史纪录片作为一种影视体裁，具有丰厚的艺术积淀。
我国历史纪录片的发展主要借鉴西方纪录片的形式，逐步形成自己独特的艺术风格。
历史纪录片《美国，我们的故事》以戏剧化的故事为主要讲述形式，通过演员精湛的角色扮演和摄影、剪裁等电影化手法的应用，进行超常规的探索性实践，最终形成一种鲜明独特的影像风格，创造出新颖的观赏效果，体现非凡的艺术性价值，对我国历史纪录片的发展具有较大的启示。
一、历史纪录片的特点纪录片是一种非虚构的影视作品，是通过创作者对现实素材的观察、思考、选择而产生的作品。
纪录片要有一定的逻辑性和艺术感染力，在一定程度上能够引起观众的思考与想象，具有声画性、文献性、真实性与艺术性特点。
简单地说，纪录片是把现实的事情记录下来，使之成为历史。
纪录片的艺术价值主要体现在叙事情节上。
纪录片通过故事来传播文化观念和精神意义，通过对一些原本故事性不是很强的题材进行故事化叙述，来传播其价值理念，可以说纪录片是一种叙事艺术。
历史纪录片主要是按照时间顺序将历史事件的发生、发展或者人物事迹过程叙述出来。
历史纪录片的叙事视点主要以全知视点为主体，从故事外部视点进行叙述，通过摄像机进行展示，能够充分体现出其宏大的叙事风格，同时又能捕捉到历史故事情节中珍贵的回忆和情感流露。
《美国，我们的故事》这部历史纪录片的创作就是比较好的代表。
二、《美国，我们的故事》的艺术特色《美国，我们的故事》是一部12集的史诗纪录片，一经播出，收视率超过很多美国电视剧。
THE STORY OF US字幕(美国：我们的故事第6集-- 腹地)
[44:05.96]内战结束了The Civil War is over.[44:08.02][44:08.72]战争幸存者从拓荒线上的各处进发Survivors head out across the frontier.[44:11.72][44:11.98]一片无际的荒野隔开了美国东西部A vast wilderness separates East and West. [44:16.01][44:16.56]老兵摇身一变成为铁路工人Veterans become railway men,[44:18.99][44:19.53]牛仔cowboys...[44:21.01][44:22.28]移民settlers.[44:23.78][44:24.13]他们将征服自然连接整个大陆Conquering nature, they'll unite the continent. [44:28.19][44:28.51]他们的使命就是驯服西部的荒野Their mission: to tame the Wild West.[44:32.27][44:36.01] 第六集腹地[44:39.03][44:42.28]1865年的北美大平原1865. The Great Plains.[44:46.93][44:52.68]3000万头美洲野牛在此狂奔Where 30 million buffalo roam.[44:54.44][45:07.87]这片广袤而未开发的荒原把美国一分为二Vast, untouched, a wilderness dividing America.[45:12.96][45:13.90]横跨北美大陆需要花六个月Crossing the continent takes six months.[45:16.89]西行的马车队中有20000人半途丧命20,000 die on wagon trains.[45:19.96]从水路需要绕道南美洲航行18000英里By ship, it's an 18,000 mile journey around South America.[45:24.54][45:26.68]为了征服荒原连接东西两岸To conquer the wilderness and unite East and West, [45:30.18]林肯总统批准修建一条横贯东西的铁路President Lincoln green-lights a transcontinental railroad,[45:34.10][45:37.20]足有2000英里长2,000 miles long.[45:39.47][45:39.96]它将改变整个国家It will transform the nation[45:42.40]引发一轮跨越大平原移民的热潮triggering a tidal wave of settlement across the Great Plains.[45:47.19][45:47.36]铁路对美国的扩张发展至关重要Railroads were vital to the expansion of America. [45:50.74]这项技术以一种This technology connects people in a way[45:54.60][45:53.21]约翰·拉萨特[皮克斯和迪斯尼公司创意总监][45:56.40][45:54.60]史无前例的方式that never before in the history of mankind[45:58.20]将人们紧密相连has there been that kind of connection.[46:00.90][46:06.52]美国古老的荒原America's ancient wilderness[46:09.29][46:09.30]遭遇了现代技术与人力meets modern American modern steel and muscle.[46:13.11][46:14.97]一大批挥舞榔头的工人An army of hammer-wielding men,[46:17.70][46:19.12]有的是爱尔兰移民Irish immigrants.[46:21.11][46:21.65]有的是内战老兵Civil War vets.[46:23.56][46:25.07]如今都成了铁路工人Railway men.[46:26.79][46:29.18]他们的使命:征服大自然Their mission: to tame nature itself.[46:32.92][46:33.72]最大的障碍是位于加利福尼亚东面的The biggest obstacle heading east from California,[46:37.18][46:37.30]高达12000英尺的悬崖峭壁a 12,000-foot wall of granite,[46:40.72][46:41.33]内华达山脉the Sierra Nevada.[46:43.36][46:45.50]由于北美洲毗邻的太平洋板块运动活跃With the Pacific of North America plates alive,[46:48.65][46:49.19]几十亿吨古老岩石拔地而起billions of tons of ancient rock rise up[46:52.52]就像锡纸被挤皱起来一样crumpling like tinfoil.[46:54.84][46:55.29]在过去的400万年里Over the last 4 million years,[46:57.16]内华达山脉上升了2英里多the Sierra Nevada mountains climb more than 2 miles high.[47:01.57][47:02.76]至今仍以每1000年13英尺的速度在升高They're still growing. 13 Feet in 1,000 years.[47:07.69][47:07.73]总有一天它会和喜马拉雅山一较高下One day they could rival the Himalayas. [47:11.24][47:16.13]只有疯子才会想让铁路Only a mad man could dream of running a railroad[47:18.97]从这样的山中贯穿而过across mountains like this.[47:20.96][47:22.19]人们叫他疯狂的犹大并不是平白无故They don't call him crazy Judah for nothing.[47:25.61]对铁路的疯狂痴迷让他终于找到了解决之道Obsessed with the railroad, he sees a way through.[47:29.51]下来小伙子们Come on down, boys.[47:30.51][47:30.95]西奥多·犹大曾23次攀上山顶Theodore Judah makes 23 trips into the peaks. [47:34.26]把那个钉上And peg that, boys.[47:35.26][47:35.66]测绘出一条横穿山脊并通过山顶的路线Plotting a path across ridges and through mountain summits,[47:39.99]修建这段铁路是那个世纪最大的工程挑战building it will be the engineering challenge of the century.[47:43.45]好的做个标记Yup, let's mark that.[47:44.45][47:45.21]这是一项成就空前的伟大创举This is the most magnificent project ever conceived. [47:49.26]这项工程对于美国人意义重大An enterprise more important[47:50.99][47:51.00]其他工程完全不可同日而语to the people of the United States than any other. [47:54.03]铁路终将被建成The railroad will be built,[47:55.74]而我也为之出了一把力and I will have something to do with it.[47:58.53][47:58.69]美国人崇尚一种Americans love someone who can go through[48:02.16]克服一切困难冲破万难seemingly difficult or impossible things,[48:04.53][48:02.73]梅莉莎·埃瑟里奇[歌手作曲家][48:06.62][48:04.53]最终实现梦想的精神and make their dreams happen.[48:08.20][48:08.58]犹大的路线得到认可后With Judah's route approved,[48:11.24]两家公司开始合作two companies begin work.[48:12.58][48:12.76]联合太平洋铁路公司从东边的奥马哈开始The Union Pacific starts from Omaha in the east;[48:16.33][48:17.03]而中央太平洋铁路公司the Central Pacific[48:18.71]则从西边的萨克拉门托开始from Sacramento in the west.[48:20.77][48:21.12]最终在犹他州会师They'll meet in Utah.[48:23.66][48:24.72]工程造价相当于现在的20亿美元It'll cost over $2 billion in modern money, [48:28.04][48:28.64]但政府却没有足够的资金but the government doesn't have enough cash.[48:31.28][48:31.89]所以用联邦土地作为报酬支付给两家公司It pays the companies in federal land. [48:35.10][48:37.13]但规定需在15年内完工否则将分文不给They must finish in 15 years or lose everything.[48:41.78]我们在这个国家学习到We have learned in this country,[48:43.25][48:43.96]布鲁斯·詹纳[田径运动员奥运会十项全能冠军][48:46.55][48:43.25]没有冒险精神的人将寸步难行you don't get anywhere in life if you don't take risks. [48:46.51]我认为美国之所以I think America is by far[48:48.36]在很多领域都名列前茅the shining light of the world in so many ways[48:50.76]就在于我们敢于承担风险because we are risk takers.[48:53.23][48:53.40]按英里计费多造弯道显然能多赚钱Paid by the mile, adding curve adds profit. [48:57.23]利欲熏心的公司为多得土地无所不用其极Corrupt investors built the railroad for every cent they can,[49:01.17]修建一条9英里的弯道a nine mile curve[49:02.98]就意味着能多得120英亩联邦土地means an extra 120 acres of federal land, [49:06.37]照此下去他们相当于拥有了and they'll end up owning[49:07.89]面积堪比德克萨斯州的土地an area the size of Texas.[49:10.17][49:10.46]首先他们需要征服唐纳之路First they must conquer the Donner Pass.[49:14.09]高达7500英尺是犹大路线中的最高点7500 feet up, the highest Judah's route. [49:19.10][49:19.15]每个冬天积雪深达30英尺Cursed by 30 feet o of snow each winter.[49:22.84][49:23.08]雪崩等惨剧时有发生Avalanches, tragedy.[49:26.71][49:28.13]就在仅仅20年前Here just 20 years earlier,[49:30.22]唐纳一行受困于暴风雪之中the Donner Party became trapped in the snow[49:33.32][49:33.70]最后只得食人and ate each other.[49:35.42][49:36.33]由于犹大的铁路直接贯穿山脉Now Judah's railroad cuts right through the mountain,[49:39.98][49:42.11]需要挖掘1649英尺深的石头1649 feet of rock must be excavated,[49:46.91]才能成就这条线路上最长的隧道the longest tunnel on the route.[49:49.24][49:49.68]中国工人夜以继日地开凿Chinese laborers dig day and night.[49:52.68][49:53.56]从中国运来劳工It's easier to ship workers from China[49:56.20][49:56.32]比在美国大陆招募工人容易得多than to get Americans across the continent. [49:58.80]铁路大王说The railroad magnets said,[50:01.24]中国人建造了长城不是吗"The Chinese built a g great wall, didn't they?[50:03.83][50:01.19]埃尔·卡玛里罗[斯坦福大学教授][50:03.54][50:04.41]那我们就招募中国人来施工Let's bring the Chinese in to do this work."[50:07.35][50:08.63]超过10000名中国工人Over 10,000 Chinese laborers[50:10.73]在最凶险的环境中工作工资反而更少earn less and do the deadliest jobs. [50:13.95]这条横贯大陆的铁路是中国工人修建的The transcontinental railroad was built by Chinese workers[50:15.76]他们被专门引进来建这条铁路brought over specifically to work on the railroad, [50:20.22][50:16.60]玛格丽特·周[喜剧演员][50:20.35][50:20.22]他们的待遇可以说是比牲口好不到哪去and they were considered somewhere in between human and animal.[50:24.57]没人指望他们能够生还They were not expected to survive.[50:26.30]他们的命运就是死在工地上They were expected to come here and work and die. [50:28.75][50:31.32]背井离乡7000英里7,000 miles from home,[50:33.69][50:33.75]对于17岁的洪雷沃来说17-year-old Hung Leiwo[50:36.63][50:37.23]他在广东捉襟见肘的生活变成swaps a life in poverty in Canton[50:40.09]修建工地上每日筋疲力竭的工作for a back-breaking work on the railroad gang. [50:43.74][50:44.86]洪雷沃必须使出全力来开凿岩石Hung Leiwo must cut through granite so tough, [50:48.53]才能使大脚趾般大的石头a rock the size of a big toe[50:50.55]足以承受重达50吨的火车头will support 50 tons of locomotive.[50:53.59][50:53.86]工程的进展变得异常缓慢Progress slows to inches a day.[50:56.65][50:56.90]想要有所突破就得用炸药To breakthrough, they need nitroglycerin,[51:00.35][51:00.47]但是运输炸药是违禁的but transporting it is banned[51:02.58]因为它的威力能把15个人炸得血肉横飞when 15 men are blown to pieces. [51:05.76][51:06.41]在一个移动实验室中In a mobile lab,[51:07.84]苏格兰化学家詹姆斯·霍顿Scottish chemist James Houghton[51:11.21]现场配制炸药mixes it on the spot.[51:12.22][51:13.45]炸药的威力是普通火药的13倍多Nitroglycerin is 13 times more powerful than gun powder.[51:18.07][51:18.29]但它非常不稳定So unstable.[51:19.97]任何震动都可能导致它当场爆炸Any physical shock, and it will explode in his hand.[51:24.14][51:24.16]霍顿的工作高风险高回报Houghton gets hazard pay.[51:26.65][51:26.85]每月收入相当于现在的4000美元$4,000 a month in modern money.[51:30.44][51:30.58]在山里面待了三个月后他开始酗酒After three months in the mountains, he turns to drink,[51:34.79][51:34.85]把配制炸药的工作扔给洪雷沃这样的中国人leaving the nitro to Chinese men like Hung Leiwo,[51:38.91][51:39.44]爱尔兰工人则避之不及Irish crews won't touch it.[51:42.33][51:44.11]爆炸会使温度飙升至9000华氏度Detonation creates temperatures of 9,000 degrees.[51:47.96]和太阳表面温度一样高It's hot as the surface of the sun.[51:51.74][52:51.93]大约有1500名中国工人An estimated 1500 Chinese[52:54.17][52:54.18]死于爆炸和岩石塌方die in explosions and rock slides.[52:57.34][53:02.03]洪雷沃得以幸存Hung Leiwo survives.[53:04.32][53:04.62]他的儿子成了第一位His son will be the first Chinese-American[53:07.97]毕业于加州大学伯克利分校to graduate an engineering[53:09.66]工程专业的美籍华人from the University of California at Berkeley.[53:12.81][53:18.63]打通了山脉之后Once through the mountains,[53:20.30]火车轨道的铺设速度大大加快track laying accelerates[53:21.81]从每天10英寸提高到每天6英里from 10 inches to 6 miles a day.[53:25.34][53:27.78]每个道钉钉3下Each spike is struck 3 times.[53:30.30][53:31.54]每节铁轨10个道钉10 spikes to a rail.[53:33.58][53:34.73]每英里有400节铁轨400 rails a mile.[53:36.81][53:38.89]需要挥舞2100万下榔头铁路才能完工21 Million hammer swings complete the railroad.[53:43.19][53:45.30]1869年5月10日May 10th, 1869.[53:48.22][53:48.38]电报传来一条只有一个词的消息A one word message arrives by telegraph:[53:51.81][53:51.84]完工"Done".[53:53.33][53:54.95]从前横穿大陆要6个月A six-month journey across the continent[53:57.52]现在缩减为6天is cut to 6 days.[53:59.83][54:00.47]从前人们得押上全副身家才能加入西进的马车队The folks would once had to risk everything in a wagon train.[54:05.83][54:06.12]如今再也用不上了That is eliminated.[54:07.90]你现在可以坐上火车You can now can get on the railroad[54:10.78]从波士顿一直坐到萨克拉门托and travel from Boston to Sacramento.[54:12.94]这就是革命That's a revolution.[54:14.66][54:17.39]贯穿大陆的铁路网The Internet of the area, the transcontinental railroad,[54:21.70][54:21.71]改变了沿途的一切changes everything it touches,[54:23.65][54:24.07]给大平原带来了大量的移民triggering a mass migration to the Great Plains [54:27.45][54:35.77]蒸汽火车征服了整个大平原The Great Plains conquered by steel and steam. [54:40.92][54:46.56]横贯大陆的铁路The transcontinental railroad[54:48.43]为沿途的荒芜地区带来了文明threads a thin line of civilization through the wilderness.[54:52.37][54:53.17]随之而来的是人口People follow.[54:54.84][54:55.26]仅仅一年里In just one year,[54:56.63]40000移民奔向内布拉斯加州40,000 settlers move to Nebraska,[55:00.15]他们乘坐的马车奔向内陆的四面八方fanning out across the frontier in wagon trains.[55:04.04][55:04.74]从19世纪中叶到19世纪末When in the mid-19th century to the late 19th century, [55:09.60][55:05.43]汤姆·布罗考[原NBC新闻主播][55:09.26][55:09.60]他们离开家乡定居在they went out and settled[55:11.33]一些不适合人类居住的恶劣环境some hostile territory known to mankind.[55:14.98]我就是在大平原长大的The Great Plain where I grew up.[55:17.09][55:17.49]他们是真正的先驱These were true pioneers.[55:19.83]政府慷慨的土地给予政策The government accelerates the process[55:21.89]又加速了这一进程with the greatest land giveaway in history.[55:24.95][55:25.50]任何人只要花10美元的登记费Anyone with a $10 filing fee[55:28.22]就可以得到免费的土地can claim free land.[55:30.31][55:30.45]其中四分之一是单身女性和昔日的奴隶A quarter are single women and ex-slaves. [55:34.30][55:34.37]当你看到绝望的人们When you see the desperate scramble[55:36.27]争相挤上颠簸的四轮马车in these rickety wagon trains,[55:38.60][55:39.07]你会意识到美国的未来寄托在土地之上you realize that promise of America was land.[55:42.53][55:40.05]小亨利·路易斯·盖茨[哈佛大学非洲和非裔美国人研究所所长][55:42.53][55:42.54]就算再过一百万年These are people who never in a million years[55:46.10][55:46.48]这些人也不可能在纽约州拥有土地would be a able own land in New York.[55:48.36][55:49.71]最终美国10%的土地Eventually 10% of the United States[55:53.25][55:53.28]根据《宅地法》被分配了出去will be given away under the Homestead Act. [55:56.16][55:57.59]我绝不回印第安纳租地种I'm not going back to Indiana to rent[55:59.55]除非我分文不剩不得不走回去until I bust entirely and have to walk back.[56:02.58][56:03.47]内战老兵乌利亚·奥布林格Uriah Oblinger, Civil War vet[56:06.64]在内布拉斯加州得到了他的160英亩地claims his 160 acres in Nebraska.[56:10.25][56:10.32]但遇到了麻烦There's a catch.[56:12.06][56:12.51]夏季华氏110度的高温引发了草原大火110 degrees summers spark prairie fires. [56:16.77][56:17.72]平原上的树木因为干旱无法存活Trees can't survive the drought on the plains. [56:21.11][56:22.73]雨水稀少只有草可以存活There's so little rain, nothing grows here but grass. [56:26.94][56:27.82]由于缺乏造房子用的木材Without lumber to build houses,[56:29.86]新居民就只能住在泥屋中the new inhabitants live in mud huts.[56:32.96][56:33.11]泥屋由平原上割下的茅草建造而成Built of sod, cut from the plains.[56:36.46][56:36.47]乌利亚把马车拆了用来做门窗Uriah dismantles his wagon to make doors and windows.[56:41.65]他们饱受蚊虫的滋扰They often had insects.[56:44.53]还有蛇不请自来They invited snakes.[56:46.42][56:46.14]H.W.布兰茨[德克萨斯大学教授][56:49.50][56:46.43]这跟住在洞里没什么两样It was pretty much like living in a burrow in the ground. [56:51.69][56:52.00]我想先驱们的生活确实很苦I think the pioneers did have it hard.[56:54.73]他们保守而节俭They conserved. They were frugal.[56:57.07][56:57.67]玛莎·斯图尔特[著名女企业家有"家政女王"之称][57:00.45][56:57.07]一件衣服可以穿很长时间One dress lasted a long long time.[57:00.48][57:00.49]对乌利亚的妻子马蒂来说这些都是值得的For Uriah's wife Mattie, it's a price worth paying.[57:03.97]你可能会觉得我们生活得很凄苦I expect you think we live miserable[57:06.37]因为我们住的是茅草搭建的泥屋because we are in a sod house.[57:08.17]但说实在的我觉得再没地方比这里好But I'll tell you, in solid earnest, I never enjoyed myself better.[57:12.76]每一滴汗都为自己流Every liquid we strike is for ourselves[57:14.86][57:15.13]没被别人榨取一分一毫and not half of someone else's.[57:17.76]奥布林格一家虔诚的信念每天都在经受考验The devout Oblingers face daily tests of their faith.[57:22.10][57:23.04]由于没有山脉阻挡强风With no mountains to stop the wind,[57:25.29]大平原成为了大雷雨的多发地带the Great Plains are a breeding ground for massive thunder storms.[57:29.68][57:31.13]这里最难对付的天气就是大风天The most objection I have to the weather here is the wind.[57:35.09]冬春两季大风尤其频繁There's a great deal of it during the winter and spring, [57:38.01]由于沿路没有阻挡威力就更强了and being nothing to break it, one feels it more. [57:41.34]别走远亲爱的Not too far, honey.[57:42.34][57:44.50]奥布林格一家住在龙卷风多发带The Oblingers live in tornado alley.[57:47.30][57:49.06]这个地区的龙卷风More twisters in this region[57:50.63][57:50.64]比地球上其他任何地方都多than anywhere else on earth.[57:53.21][57:53.97]亲爱的Honey![57:59.04]每年400多轮龙卷风过境Over 400 touch down every year[58:02.18][58:08.12]要是谁说在印第安纳却从没见过龙卷风Tell the folks they never seen a storm in Indianna,[58:10.99][58:11.71]绝对是开玩笑only playthings.[58:13.40][58:16.89]时速200英里的大风卷成漩涡200 miles an hour winds spin into a vortex,[58:21.01][58:23.23]吸进空气以及未能深植于大地的一切sucking in air and anything not bolted down. [58:27.36][58:27.91]1930年有个人在堪萨斯被风吹走了一英里In 1930, a man is carried a mile across the Kansas,[58:32.90][58:32.92]鱼和蟾蜍从天而降fish and toads rain from the sky.[58:36.28][58:37.59]奥布林格一家蜷缩在他们结实的茅屋中The Oblingers hunker down in their heavy sod house,[58:41.26][58:44.30]坚守着这份来之不易的独立clinging to their new found independence.[58:47.55][58:50.10]我认为我们的民族是I think that we're a nation of people descended[58:52.53]坚强的老傻瓜和老女人的后代from tough old coots and tough old broads.[58:55.13][58:54.54]珍妮特·沃尔斯[著名作家][58:56.71][58:55.13]我说这话时心怀无限敬意And I say that with great admiration.[58:57.44]他们只是想要主导自己的未来They just wanted to control their own future, [59:00.47]想让下一代能够掌握自己的命运and to have children who could control their own destiny,[59:04.98][59:07.71]奥布林格一家遭遇的圣经所说的考验还不止龙卷风Tornadoes aren't the only biblical challenge the Oblingers face.[59:12.35][59:12.89]在落基山下的河畔By the river of Rockies,[59:15.00][59:15.02]世界末日正悄然逼近the end of the world, it's brewing.[59:17.71][59:18.30]一个古老物种的出现A prehistoric species emerges to[59:21.03]将大平原的人们逼向绝境battle for the Great Plains.[59:23.37][59:25.29]蝗虫Locusts.[59:26.91][59:28.80]将当地植物祸害一空后After devouring the local vegetation,[59:31.26]又释放出信息素作为继续前进的信号they released pheromones that signal it's time to move on.[59:34.97][59:36.76]它们翅膀很长They grow long wings.[59:38.80][59:39.00]这些害虫们顶风向东These worms head east on the wind.[59:42.00][59:42.01]聚集在大平原上形成了大规模蝗灾They join up over the Great Plains and become a plague.[59:46.14][59:48.47]仅1874一年就毁掉了西部一半的收成In 1874, they devour half of the crops in the West.[59:53.08][59:53.36]三万亿蝗虫Three trillion locusts.[59:55.61][59:57.00]聚集成半英里高100英里宽Half a mile high, 100 miles wide.[00:00.88]长达1000英里相当于科罗拉多州的面积1,000 miles long, as big as Colorado. [00:05.22][00:05.26]遮天蔽日They block out the sun.[00:07.34]这是农业的末日浩劫Agricultural Armageddon.[00:09.60][00:14.59]在乌利亚等人看来蝗灾是上帝的惩罚To men like Uriah, the locust are the wrath of God.[00:19.23][00:22.37]1892年By 1892,[00:24.14]内布拉斯加州西部有一半人口向东回迁half the population of western Nebraska goes east.[00:28.43][00:33.06]而乌利亚坚守了下来Uriah stays.[00:34.95][00:35.06]想在这个国家有所成就就得勇敢过人You have to be brave in order to achieve in this country.[00:37.33][00:37.34]因为在这里一切都得靠自己because nothing is set right there for you.[00:39.65][00:38.24]迈克尔·斯特拉汉[前美国橄榄球联赛球星][00:41.62][00:39.65]生存就是一场冒险You have to take chances.[00:41.62]我认为勇敢也好畏惧也罢And I think bravery and fear are the same things. [00:45.43]只是面对相同感受的不同反应而已It's just a matter of how you react to that same feeling.[00:49.12][00:49.26]坚持下来的人是幸运的Those who stick it out get lucky.[00:54.47]此后不到30年这里的蝗虫绝迹了Within 30 years, the locust is extinct.[00:58.17][00:59.04]落基山脚下肥沃的土地It's breeding grounds in the Rockies[01:01.02]任由像乌利亚一样的移民们开垦plowed over by settlers like Uriah.[01:03.98][01:06.48]此后的10年间In 10 years,[01:07.42]大平原成了整个国家的粮仓the Great Plains become the bread basket of the country.[01:11.18][01:11.59]美国第一次实现了粮食自给For the first time, America can feed itself.[01:15.55][01:15.87]如今这里的小麦年产量已达5000万吨Today 50 million tons of wheat is farmed each year,[01:20.47][01:20.49]但树木依然稀少but trees are still scarce,[01:22.99]为建造城镇移民们急需木材and to build towns settlers need wood.[01:26.72][01:30.78]在密歇根威斯康星与明尼苏达In Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota,[01:33.52]伐木工人们砍掉了整整5000万英亩森林loggers harvest over 50 million acres of trees.[01:37.31][01:39.02]绿色的金子Green gold.[01:40.80][01:41.72]如磁铁一般吸引着斯堪的纳维亚樵夫A magnet for Scandinavian woodsmen. [01:45.21][01:48.48]从1825年到1925年这一百年间Between 1825 and 1925,[01:51.59]挪威总人口的三分之一来到美国a third of Norway's entire population comes to America.[01:55.71]尼尔斯·豪根便是其中一员including Nils Haugen.[01:58.61][01:58.77]当时的薪水是每天3美元The pay was $3 a day.[02:01.09]每个人都要准备一双结实的靴子You had to have a good pair of driving boots [02:03.55]密不渗水以便能踩在漂浮的原木上well caulked to be able to keep on top of the logs.[02:07.22][02:07.53]事关百万美金的生意There's millions of dollars at stake.[02:09.96][02:09.97]如果木材不能顺流而下城镇便无法建造If the flow of logs stops, towns can't be built.[02:15.06][02:16.44]原木阻塞是河工们的噩梦Log jams. River man's ruin.[02:19.85]1886年In 1886,[02:21.32]可建两万所房屋的松木pines to build 20,000 homes[02:24.50]堵在了圣克罗伊河上get stopped on the St.Croix River.[02:26.61][02:26.94]1.5亿英尺的木材150 Million feet of wood.[02:29.83][02:32.52]只要移开关键部位的木材Remove the right log,[02:34.07]其余的便会奔流而下and the rest will explode downstream.[02:37.16][02:39.22]类似的排障过程中有些河工失去了生命Rivermen die clearing the obstructions like this.[02:43.15][02:58.87]1892年In 1892,[03:00.67]仅威斯康星一州就砍伐了20亿英尺木材2 billion feet of lumber will be cut in Wisconsin alone.[03:05.07][03:10.31]木材经由铁路运往各地促进西部建设繁荣The railroad feeds lumber into the West's construction boom.[03:14.07][03:17.63]城镇如雨后春笋般发展起来Towns are built so fast,[03:19.31]人们甚至无暇为街道命名there's no time to name streets.[03:21.99]代之以字母或序号They're given letters and numbers.[03:24.54][03:28.72]大平原上还栖息着The Great Plains is also home to[03:31.82]世界上大型野生哺乳动物中数量最多的一种the most numerous species of large wild mammal on earth.[03:35.18][03:36.64]3000万头美洲野牛30 million buffalo,[03:38.85][03:41.77]集结成长达25英里的牛群herds up to 25 miles long,[03:43.72]向夏季的繁殖地狂奔race to summer breeding grounds.[03:46.29][03:48.90]却不幸与现代世界迎面相撞On a collision course with the modern world.[03:52.16][03:57.21]铁路把新一代的猎手带到了大平原The railroad brings a new kind of hunter to the Great Plains.[04:01.12][04:02.37]在利益的驱使下Driven by profit,[04:04.12][04:04.73]刚刚经过内战的洗礼fresh from the carnage of the Civil War.[04:07.72][04:12.56]200万支来福枪触手可及Two million rifles are in circulation.[04:15.47][04:17.18]这让100万训练有素的退伍军人Over a million veterans trained to use them [04:20.37][04:20.68]有了新的标靶have a new target in their sights.[04:22.98][04:24.33]法兰克·梅尔内战退伍军人Frank Mayer, Civil War vet.[04:27.30][04:27.41]野牛猎手Buffalo hunter.[04:29.17][04:30.93]在现代文明中我没有任何用武之地I had nothing to look forward to in civilization. [04:33.91][04:34.34]我对枪异常痴迷I was crazy about guns.[04:36.26][04:38.77]梅尔追踪着这些足有2000磅重的野牛Mayer tracks 2,000 pound buffalo,[04:41.68][04:42.94]每一头都能轻易将人碾碎easily capable of crushing a man.[04:45.75][04:46.79]他在200码[约182米]外狙击He picks them off from 200 yards[04:49.41][04:51.64]只要你能够杀死它If you could kill them,[04:52.99]它身上的一切尽归你所有what they brought was yours.[04:55.72]它们就是活生生的金子They were walking gold pieces.[04:57.68][04:58.28]猎人射杀野牛只为谋求牛皮Hunters harvest the buffalo for its hide.[05:01.06][05:02.18]1872年In 1872,[05:03.98]只从堪萨斯一地就运出了100万张牛皮they ship over one million out of Kansas alone,[05:07.20][05:08.01]在东海岸每张可卖到3美元worth $3 a piece back East.[05:10.86]运气好时梅尔的收入甚至高过总统On a good day, Mayer earns more than the President.[05:14.74][05:19.21]工厂用长而强韧的长条牛皮作为牵引带Factories use long strong strips of buffalo leather as drag belts[05:23.84][05:29.03]小块的皮则做成衣服和鞋Small pieces become coats and shoes.[05:31.80][05:33.91]为满足大量需求To meet demand,[05:35.22][05:35.23]猎人们为获取牛皮每天射杀8000头水牛hunters kill 8,000 buffalo a day for their hides alone.[05:39.50]在白人看来这是大势所趋For America, this is progress,[05:41.26]因为这就是利用自然资源because this is a natural resource.[05:43.13][05:44.35]但在印第安人看来From the Indian's perspective,[05:45.86][05:45.20]埃尔·卡玛里罗[斯坦福大学教授][05:47.20][05:45.86]他们完全不理解they couldn't understand[05:48.20]白人为什么这样做what the white people were doing.[05:50.27][05:50.30]但当然他们知道如此大量屠杀野牛But, of course, they knew that the decimation of those[05:53.54]必将永久地改变他们的命运buffalo herds would change their lives forever.[05:57.18][05:57.65]大平原上的印第安人The Plain Indians[05:58.92]靠野牛生存将其奉为神物崇拜depend on the buffalo and worship them.[06:01.63][06:02.62]野牛是我们的力量之源The buffalo were our strength from whence we came, [06:06.12]同时也是哺育我们的母亲and whose breast we suck as babies all our lives.[06:09.80][06:10.44]猎人们乘火车到来时巴拉克·艾尔克年仅6岁Black Elk is 6 years old when the railroad arrives.[06:14.07][06:14.87]与白人猎手们不同Unlike the white hunters,[06:16.76][06:16.99]他的族人非常讲究物尽其用his people waste none of their kill.[06:19.80][06:20.07]筋腱做成弓弦Sinews become bow strings.[06:23.07][06:24.11]骨头用作器皿Bones are cups and spoons.[06:26.55][06:26.97]牛皮做成衣物帐篷或是棺椁Skin is clothing, tepees and coffins.[06:32.10][06:32.66]印第安人与野牛自冰河时期以来共存Native Americans and buffalos have co-existed since the last ice age.[06:38.03][06:40.00]巴拉克·艾尔克的祖先曾徒步捕猎野牛Black Elk's ancestors hunted them on foot. [06:44.11][06:44.95]那时没有马可骑There were no horses to ride.[06:47.32][06:50.02]现代的马并不是北美当地物种The modern horse isn't native to North America. [06:53.26]而是西班牙征服者1493年从欧洲带来的Spanish conquistadors brought them from Europe in 1493,[06:58.10][06:58.34]有些马匹逃到了大平原Some escaped to the Great Plains.[07:00.87]这里是马匹的完美栖息地Perfect horse habitat.[07:03.06][07:03.56]经过400年的繁衍生息400 years later,[07:05.62]此时在草原上驰骋的野马已过百万over a million mustangs run wild.[07:08.19][07:09.21]驯化的马匹彻底改变了Taming horses transformed[07:10.82]大平原上印第安人的生活the life of the Plains Indian.[07:13.09][07:14.06]他们成为了专业骑手They become expert horsemen.[07:16.61][07:25.95]狩猎口号由此兴起The battle cry went up.[07:27.39][07:27.45]当喊道"Hokahey" 意为攻击Hokahey! Which means "to charge."[07:30.35]猎手们便一齐蜂拥而上射杀猎物and the hunters went in for the kill.[07:33.25][07:33.78]在马背上弓箭是最佳武器On horse back, the bow is the weapon of choice. [07:37.16][07:39.19]枪支重新装弹所用的的时间And the time it takes to reload a gun,[07:41.56][07:43.24]足够一名战士策马狂奔300码a warrior can ride 300 yards,[07:46.29][07:46.63]张弓发箭20支and fire 20 arrows.[07:48.99][07:50.13]野牛奔跑时速高达35英里Buffalo can run at 35 miles an hour.[07:53.30][07:56.74]狩猎范围方圆几百英里时间长达数日Hunts cover hundreds of miles over many days.[08:00.63][08:01.70]射死一头野牛需要15支箭It can take 15 arrows to kill a buffalo.[08:05.21][08:06.01]而像法兰克·梅尔这样的白人猎手只需子弹一发White hunters like Frank Mayer use a single cartridge.[08:10.47][08:12.02]对准肺部He aims for the lungs.[08:14.13][08:16.41]干净利落地放倒一头牛丝毫不曾惊动牛群A clean kill drops a buffalo without disturbing the herd.[08:21.20][08:25.81]短短十几年3000万头野牛死在枪口下30 Million are killed in a little over a decade.[08:29.48][08:30.72]在猎手剥下牛皮之后After hunters take the hides,[08:32.83][08:33.48]火车载着工人接踵而至拉走剩下的残骸train loads of men arrive to pick their carcasses.[08:36.97][08:38.01]他们利用牛骨做扣子They make buttons from bones[08:40.47][08:40.53]把骨架打磨成粉用作肥料或是制作瓷器and grind down skeletons for fertilizer and porcelain.[08:44.78][08:48.81]原住民靠天吃饭赖地穿衣的日子一去不复返了The primary resource keeping Native Americans alive is gone.[08:54.17]面对着灭顶的饥荒他们被迫迁往保留地Facing starvation, they're forced on to reservations.[08:57.95][08:57.96]我的曾曾祖母巨鹰太祖My great-great-grandmother, Grandma Big Eagle[09:00.70] 罗伯特·沃里尔[伊利诺伊大学][09:02.93][09:00.70]在捕猎野牛时代终结时还活着was alive when buffalo hunting ended.[09:04.97]他们挥别的不仅是赖以生存的食物They weren't just saying good-bye to kind of food stuff.[09:08.30]同时也是在挥别整个种族的生存方式They were saying good-bye to a way of being in the world.[09:13.40]我想当他们回顾那段历史时I think for them to look back on that[09:16.13][09:17.09]只会是难以言表的悲愤was just unspeakably sad.[09:19.64][09:25.35]1889年In 1889,[09:27.03]全美仅存85头野牛just 85 wild buffalo exist in the whole United States.[09:32.59][09:33.40]人类驾着铁骑The men who ride the great iron horse[09:35.09]践踏着自然征服着每一寸荒野are taming the wilderness.[09:38.25][09:38.46]铁路The railroad[09:39.47][09:39.48]把新时代美国的另一标志烙在了大平原上will bring another modern American icon to the Great Plains.[09:43.67][09:54.32]他们是最后的开拓者The last of the great frontier's man.[09:56.97][10:05.92]1865年1865.[10:08.20][10:08.64]内战使得东海岸经济千疮百孔The Civil War leaves cities on the Eastern Seaboard [10:12.36]物资严重匮乏stripped the resources.[10:13.67][10:15.74]另一方面激增的人口需要大量食物供给The country's booming population needs food.[10:19.64][10:22.75]德克萨斯州拥有600万头野牛In Texas, over 6 million cattle roam wild[10:27.01][10:29.71]此地只值4美元一头worth $4 a head here,。
THE STORY OF US字幕(美国：我们的故事第6集-- 腹地)
[44:05.96]内战结束了The Civil War is over.[44:08.02][44:08.72]战争幸存者从拓荒线上的各处进发Survivors head out across the frontier.[44:11.72][44:11.98]一片无际的荒野隔开了美国东西部A vast wilderness separates East and West. [44:16.01][44:16.56]老兵摇身一变成为铁路工人Veterans become railway men,[44:18.99][44:19.53]牛仔cowboys...[44:21.01][44:22.28]移民settlers.[44:23.78][44:24.13]他们将征服自然连接整个大陆Conquering nature, they'll unite the continent. [44:28.19][44:28.51]他们的使命就是驯服西部的荒野Their mission: to tame the Wild West.[44:32.27][44:36.01] 第六集腹地[44:39.03][44:42.28]1865年的北美大平原1865. The Great Plains.[44:46.93][44:52.68]3000万头美洲野牛在此狂奔Where 30 million buffalo roam.[44:54.44][45:07.87]这片广袤而未开发的荒原把美国一分为二Vast, untouched, a wilderness dividing America.[45:12.96][45:13.90]横跨北美大陆需要花六个月Crossing the continent takes six months.[45:16.89]西行的马车队中有20000人半途丧命20,000 die on wagon trains.[45:19.96]从水路需要绕道南美洲航行18000英里By ship, it's an 18,000 mile journey around South America.[45:24.54][45:26.68]为了征服荒原连接东西两岸To conquer the wilderness and unite East and West, [45:30.18]林肯总统批准修建一条横贯东西的铁路President Lincoln green-lights a transcontinental railroad,[45:34.10][45:37.20]足有2000英里长2,000 miles long.[45:39.47][45:39.96]它将改变整个国家It will transform the nation[45:42.40]引发一轮跨越大平原移民的热潮triggering a tidal wave of settlement across the Great Plains.[45:47.19][45:47.36]铁路对美国的扩张发展至关重要Railroads were vital to the expansion of America. [45:50.74]这项技术以一种This technology connects people in a way[45:54.60][45:53.21]约翰·拉萨特[皮克斯和迪斯尼公司创意总监][45:56.40][45:54.60]史无前例的方式that never before in the history of mankind[45:58.20]将人们紧密相连has there been that kind of connection.[46:00.90][46:06.52]美国古老的荒原America's ancient wilderness[46:09.29][46:09.30]遭遇了现代技术与人力meets modern American modern steel and muscle.[46:13.11][46:14.97]一大批挥舞榔头的工人An army of hammer-wielding men,[46:17.70][46:19.12]有的是爱尔兰移民Irish immigrants.[46:21.11][46:21.65]有的是内战老兵Civil War vets.[46:23.56][46:25.07]如今都成了铁路工人Railway men.[46:26.79][46:29.18]他们的使命:征服大自然Their mission: to tame nature itself.[46:32.92][46:33.72]最大的障碍是位于加利福尼亚东面的The biggest obstacle heading east from California,[46:37.18][46:37.30]高达12000英尺的悬崖峭壁a 12,000-foot wall of granite,[46:40.72][46:41.33]内华达山脉the Sierra Nevada.[46:43.36][46:45.50]由于北美洲毗邻的太平洋板块运动活跃With the Pacific of North America plates alive,[46:48.65][46:49.19]几十亿吨古老岩石拔地而起billions of tons of ancient rock rise up[46:52.52]就像锡纸被挤皱起来一样crumpling like tinfoil.[46:54.84][46:55.29]在过去的400万年里Over the last 4 million years,[46:57.16]内华达山脉上升了2英里多the Sierra Nevada mountains climb more than 2 miles high.[47:01.57][47:02.76]至今仍以每1000年13英尺的速度在升高They're still growing. 13 Feet in 1,000 years.[47:07.69][47:07.73]总有一天它会和喜马拉雅山一较高下One day they could rival the Himalayas. [47:11.24][47:16.13]只有疯子才会想让铁路Only a mad man could dream of running a railroad[47:18.97]从这样的山中贯穿而过across mountains like this.[47:20.96][47:22.19]人们叫他疯狂的犹大并不是平白无故They don't call him crazy Judah for nothing.[47:25.61]对铁路的疯狂痴迷让他终于找到了解决之道Obsessed with the railroad, he sees a way through.[47:29.51]下来小伙子们Come on down, boys.[47:30.51][47:30.95]西奥多·犹大曾23次攀上山顶Theodore Judah makes 23 trips into the peaks. [47:34.26]把那个钉上And peg that, boys.[47:35.26][47:35.66]测绘出一条横穿山脊并通过山顶的路线Plotting a path across ridges and through mountain summits,[47:39.99]修建这段铁路是那个世纪最大的工程挑战building it will be the engineering challenge of the century.[47:43.45]好的做个标记Yup, let's mark that.[47:44.45][47:45.21]这是一项成就空前的伟大创举This is the most magnificent project ever conceived. [47:49.26]这项工程对于美国人意义重大An enterprise more important[47:50.99][47:51.00]其他工程完全不可同日而语to the people of the United States than any other. [47:54.03]铁路终将被建成The railroad will be built,[47:55.74]而我也为之出了一把力and I will have something to do with it.[47:58.53][47:58.69]美国人崇尚一种Americans love someone who can go through[48:02.16]克服一切困难冲破万难seemingly difficult or impossible things,[48:04.53][48:02.73]梅莉莎·埃瑟里奇[歌手作曲家][48:06.62][48:04.53]最终实现梦想的精神and make their dreams happen.[48:08.20][48:08.58]犹大的路线得到认可后With Judah's route approved,[48:11.24]两家公司开始合作two companies begin work.[48:12.58][48:12.76]联合太平洋铁路公司从东边的奥马哈开始The Union Pacific starts from Omaha in the east;[48:16.33][48:17.03]而中央太平洋铁路公司the Central Pacific[48:18.71]则从西边的萨克拉门托开始from Sacramento in the west.[48:20.77][48:21.12]最终在犹他州会师They'll meet in Utah.[48:23.66][48:24.72]工程造价相当于现在的20亿美元It'll cost over $2 billion in modern money, [48:28.04][48:28.64]但政府却没有足够的资金but the government doesn't have enough cash.[48:31.28][48:31.89]所以用联邦土地作为报酬支付给两家公司It pays the companies in federal land. [48:35.10][48:37.13]但规定需在15年内完工否则将分文不给They must finish in 15 years or lose everything.[48:41.78]我们在这个国家学习到We have learned in this country,[48:43.25][48:43.96]布鲁斯·詹纳[田径运动员奥运会十项全能冠军][48:46.55][48:43.25]没有冒险精神的人将寸步难行you don't get anywhere in life if you don't take risks. [48:46.51]我认为美国之所以I think America is by far[48:48.36]在很多领域都名列前茅the shining light of the world in so many ways[48:50.76]就在于我们敢于承担风险because we are risk takers.[48:53.23][48:53.40]按英里计费多造弯道显然能多赚钱Paid by the mile, adding curve adds profit. [48:57.23]利欲熏心的公司为多得土地无所不用其极Corrupt investors built the railroad for every cent they can,[49:01.17]修建一条9英里的弯道a nine mile curve[49:02.98]就意味着能多得120英亩联邦土地means an extra 120 acres of federal land, [49:06.37]照此下去他们相当于拥有了and they'll end up owning[49:07.89]面积堪比德克萨斯州的土地an area the size of Texas.[49:10.17][49:10.46]首先他们需要征服唐纳之路First they must conquer the Donner Pass.[49:14.09]高达7500英尺是犹大路线中的最高点7500 feet up, the highest Judah's route. [49:19.10][49:19.15]每个冬天积雪深达30英尺Cursed by 30 feet o of snow each winter.[49:22.84][49:23.08]雪崩等惨剧时有发生Avalanches, tragedy.[49:26.71][49:28.13]就在仅仅20年前Here just 20 years earlier,[49:30.22]唐纳一行受困于暴风雪之中the Donner Party became trapped in the snow[49:33.32][49:33.70]最后只得食人and ate each other.[49:35.42][49:36.33]由于犹大的铁路直接贯穿山脉Now Judah's railroad cuts right through the mountain,[49:39.98][49:42.11]需要挖掘1649英尺深的石头1649 feet of rock must be excavated,[49:46.91]才能成就这条线路上最长的隧道the longest tunnel on the route.[49:49.24][49:49.68]中国工人夜以继日地开凿Chinese laborers dig day and night.[49:52.68][49:53.56]从中国运来劳工It's easier to ship workers from China[49:56.20][49:56.32]比在美国大陆招募工人容易得多than to get Americans across the continent. [49:58.80]铁路大王说The railroad magnets said,[50:01.24]中国人建造了长城不是吗"The Chinese built a g great wall, didn't they?[50:03.83][50:01.19]埃尔·卡玛里罗[斯坦福大学教授][50:03.54][50:04.41]那我们就招募中国人来施工Let's bring the Chinese in to do this work."[50:07.35][50:08.63]超过10000名中国工人Over 10,000 Chinese laborers[50:10.73]在最凶险的环境中工作工资反而更少earn less and do the deadliest jobs. [50:13.95]这条横贯大陆的铁路是中国工人修建的The transcontinental railroad was built by Chinese workers[50:15.76]他们被专门引进来建这条铁路brought over specifically to work on the railroad, [50:20.22][50:16.60]玛格丽特·周[喜剧演员][50:20.35][50:20.22]他们的待遇可以说是比牲口好不到哪去and they were considered somewhere in between human and animal.[50:24.57]没人指望他们能够生还They were not expected to survive.[50:26.30]他们的命运就是死在工地上They were expected to come here and work and die. [50:28.75][50:31.32]背井离乡7000英里7,000 miles from home,[50:33.69][50:33.75]对于17岁的洪雷沃来说17-year-old Hung Leiwo[50:36.63][50:37.23]他在广东捉襟见肘的生活变成swaps a life in poverty in Canton[50:40.09]修建工地上每日筋疲力竭的工作for a back-breaking work on the railroad gang. [50:43.74][50:44.86]洪雷沃必须使出全力来开凿岩石Hung Leiwo must cut through granite so tough, [50:48.53]才能使大脚趾般大的石头a rock the size of a big toe[50:50.55]足以承受重达50吨的火车头will support 50 tons of locomotive.[50:53.59][50:53.86]工程的进展变得异常缓慢Progress slows to inches a day.[50:56.65][50:56.90]想要有所突破就得用炸药To breakthrough, they need nitroglycerin,[51:00.35][51:00.47]但是运输炸药是违禁的but transporting it is banned[51:02.58]因为它的威力能把15个人炸得血肉横飞when 15 men are blown to pieces. [51:05.76][51:06.41]在一个移动实验室中In a mobile lab,[51:07.84]苏格兰化学家詹姆斯·霍顿Scottish chemist James Houghton[51:11.21]现场配制炸药mixes it on the spot.[51:12.22][51:13.45]炸药的威力是普通火药的13倍多Nitroglycerin is 13 times more powerful than gun powder.[51:18.07][51:18.29]但它非常不稳定So unstable.[51:19.97]任何震动都可能导致它当场爆炸Any physical shock, and it will explode in his hand.[51:24.14][51:24.16]霍顿的工作高风险高回报Houghton gets hazard pay.[51:26.65][51:26.85]每月收入相当于现在的4000美元$4,000 a month in modern money.[51:30.44][51:30.58]在山里面待了三个月后他开始酗酒After three months in the mountains, he turns to drink,[51:34.79][51:34.85]把配制炸药的工作扔给洪雷沃这样的中国人leaving the nitro to Chinese men like Hung Leiwo,[51:38.91][51:39.44]爱尔兰工人则避之不及Irish crews won't touch it.[51:42.33][51:44.11]爆炸会使温度飙升至9000华氏度Detonation creates temperatures of 9,000 degrees.[51:47.96]和太阳表面温度一样高It's hot as the surface of the sun.[51:51.74][52:51.93]大约有1500名中国工人An estimated 1500 Chinese[52:54.17][52:54.18]死于爆炸和岩石塌方die in explosions and rock slides.[52:57.34][53:02.03]洪雷沃得以幸存Hung Leiwo survives.[53:04.32][53:04.62]他的儿子成了第一位His son will be the first Chinese-American[53:07.97]毕业于加州大学伯克利分校to graduate an engineering[53:09.66]工程专业的美籍华人from the University of California at Berkeley.[53:12.81][53:18.63]打通了山脉之后Once through the mountains,[53:20.30]火车轨道的铺设速度大大加快track laying accelerates[53:21.81]从每天10英寸提高到每天6英里from 10 inches to 6 miles a day.[53:25.34][53:27.78]每个道钉钉3下Each spike is struck 3 times.[53:30.30][53:31.54]每节铁轨10个道钉10 spikes to a rail.[53:33.58][53:34.73]每英里有400节铁轨400 rails a mile.[53:36.81][53:38.89]需要挥舞2100万下榔头铁路才能完工21 Million hammer swings complete the railroad.[53:43.19][53:45.30]1869年5月10日May 10th, 1869.[53:48.22][53:48.38]电报传来一条只有一个词的消息A one word message arrives by telegraph:[53:51.81][53:51.84]完工"Done".[53:53.33][53:54.95]从前横穿大陆要6个月A six-month journey across the continent[53:57.52]现在缩减为6天is cut to 6 days.[53:59.83][54:00.47]从前人们得押上全副身家才能加入西进的马车队The folks would once had to risk everything in a wagon train.[54:05.83][54:06.12]如今再也用不上了That is eliminated.[54:07.90]你现在可以坐上火车You can now can get on the railroad[54:10.78]从波士顿一直坐到萨克拉门托and travel from Boston to Sacramento.[54:12.94]这就是革命That's a revolution.[54:14.66][54:17.39]贯穿大陆的铁路网The Internet of the area, the transcontinental railroad,[54:21.70][54:21.71]改变了沿途的一切changes everything it touches,[54:23.65][54:24.07]给大平原带来了大量的移民triggering a mass migration to the Great Plains [54:27.45][54:35.77]蒸汽火车征服了整个大平原The Great Plains conquered by steel and steam. [54:40.92][54:46.56]横贯大陆的铁路The transcontinental railroad[54:48.43]为沿途的荒芜地区带来了文明threads a thin line of civilization through the wilderness.[54:52.37][54:53.17]随之而来的是人口People follow.[54:54.84][54:55.26]仅仅一年里In just one year,[54:56.63]40000移民奔向内布拉斯加州40,000 settlers move to Nebraska,[55:00.15]他们乘坐的马车奔向内陆的四面八方fanning out across the frontier in wagon trains.[55:04.04][55:04.74]从19世纪中叶到19世纪末When in the mid-19th century to the late 19th century, [55:09.60][55:05.43]汤姆·布罗考[原NBC新闻主播][55:09.26][55:09.60]他们离开家乡定居在they went out and settled[55:11.33]一些不适合人类居住的恶劣环境some hostile territory known to mankind.[55:14.98]我就是在大平原长大的The Great Plain where I grew up.[55:17.09][55:17.49]他们是真正的先驱These were true pioneers.[55:19.83]政府慷慨的土地给予政策The government accelerates the process[55:21.89]又加速了这一进程with the greatest land giveaway in history.[55:24.95][55:25.50]任何人只要花10美元的登记费Anyone with a $10 filing fee[55:28.22]就可以得到免费的土地can claim free land.[55:30.31][55:30.45]其中四分之一是单身女性和昔日的奴隶A quarter are single women and ex-slaves. [55:34.30][55:34.37]当你看到绝望的人们When you see the desperate scramble[55:36.27]争相挤上颠簸的四轮马车in these rickety wagon trains,[55:38.60][55:39.07]你会意识到美国的未来寄托在土地之上you realize that promise of America was land.[55:42.53][55:40.05]小亨利·路易斯·盖茨[哈佛大学非洲和非裔美国人研究所所长][55:42.53][55:42.54]就算再过一百万年These are people who never in a million years[55:46.10][55:46.48]这些人也不可能在纽约州拥有土地would be a able own land in New York.[55:48.36][55:49.71]最终美国10%的土地Eventually 10% of the United States[55:53.25][55:53.28]根据《宅地法》被分配了出去will be given away under the Homestead Act. [55:56.16][55:57.59]我绝不回印第安纳租地种I'm not going back to Indiana to rent[55:59.55]除非我分文不剩不得不走回去until I bust entirely and have to walk back.[56:02.58][56:03.47]内战老兵乌利亚·奥布林格Uriah Oblinger, Civil War vet[56:06.64]在内布拉斯加州得到了他的160英亩地claims his 160 acres in Nebraska.[56:10.25][56:10.32]但遇到了麻烦There's a catch.[56:12.06][56:12.51]夏季华氏110度的高温引发了草原大火110 degrees summers spark prairie fires. [56:16.77][56:17.72]平原上的树木因为干旱无法存活Trees can't survive the drought on the plains. [56:21.11][56:22.73]雨水稀少只有草可以存活There's so little rain, nothing grows here but grass. [56:26.94][56:27.82]由于缺乏造房子用的木材Without lumber to build houses,[56:29.86]新居民就只能住在泥屋中the new inhabitants live in mud huts.[56:32.96][56:33.11]泥屋由平原上割下的茅草建造而成Built of sod, cut from the plains.[56:36.46][56:36.47]乌利亚把马车拆了用来做门窗Uriah dismantles his wagon to make doors and windows.[56:41.65]他们饱受蚊虫的滋扰They often had insects.[56:44.53]还有蛇不请自来They invited snakes.[56:46.42][56:46.14]H.W.布兰茨[德克萨斯大学教授][56:49.50][56:46.43]这跟住在洞里没什么两样It was pretty much like living in a burrow in the ground. [56:51.69][56:52.00]我想先驱们的生活确实很苦I think the pioneers did have it hard.[56:54.73]他们保守而节俭They conserved. They were frugal.[56:57.07][56:57.67]玛莎·斯图尔特[著名女企业家有"家政女王"之称][57:00.45][56:57.07]一件衣服可以穿很长时间One dress lasted a long long time.[57:00.48][57:00.49]对乌利亚的妻子马蒂来说这些都是值得的For Uriah's wife Mattie, it's a price worth paying.[57:03.97]你可能会觉得我们生活得很凄苦I expect you think we live miserable[57:06.37]因为我们住的是茅草搭建的泥屋because we are in a sod house.[57:08.17]但说实在的我觉得再没地方比这里好But I'll tell you, in solid earnest, I never enjoyed myself better.[57:12.76]每一滴汗都为自己流Every liquid we strike is for ourselves[57:14.86][57:15.13]没被别人榨取一分一毫and not half of someone else's.[57:17.76]奥布林格一家虔诚的信念每天都在经受考验The devout Oblingers face daily tests of their faith.[57:22.10][57:23.04]由于没有山脉阻挡强风With no mountains to stop the wind,[57:25.29]大平原成为了大雷雨的多发地带the Great Plains are a breeding ground for massive thunder storms.[57:29.68][57:31.13]这里最难对付的天气就是大风天The most objection I have to the weather here is the wind.[57:35.09]冬春两季大风尤其频繁There's a great deal of it during the winter and spring, [57:38.01]由于沿路没有阻挡威力就更强了and being nothing to break it, one feels it more. [57:41.34]别走远亲爱的Not too far, honey.[57:42.34][57:44.50]奥布林格一家住在龙卷风多发带The Oblingers live in tornado alley.[57:47.30][57:49.06]这个地区的龙卷风More twisters in this region[57:50.63][57:50.64]比地球上其他任何地方都多than anywhere else on earth.[57:53.21][57:53.97]亲爱的Honey![57:59.04]每年400多轮龙卷风过境Over 400 touch down every year[58:02.18][58:08.12]要是谁说在印第安纳却从没见过龙卷风Tell the folks they never seen a storm in Indianna,[58:10.99][58:11.71]绝对是开玩笑only playthings.[58:13.40][58:16.89]时速200英里的大风卷成漩涡200 miles an hour winds spin into a vortex,[58:21.01][58:23.23]吸进空气以及未能深植于大地的一切sucking in air and anything not bolted down. [58:27.36][58:27.91]1930年有个人在堪萨斯被风吹走了一英里In 1930, a man is carried a mile across the Kansas,[58:32.90][58:32.92]鱼和蟾蜍从天而降fish and toads rain from the sky.[58:36.28][58:37.59]奥布林格一家蜷缩在他们结实的茅屋中The Oblingers hunker down in their heavy sod house,[58:41.26][58:44.30]坚守着这份来之不易的独立clinging to their new found independence.[58:47.55][58:50.10]我认为我们的民族是I think that we're a nation of people descended[58:52.53]坚强的老傻瓜和老女人的后代from tough old coots and tough old broads.[58:55.13][58:54.54]珍妮特·沃尔斯[著名作家][58:56.71][58:55.13]我说这话时心怀无限敬意And I say that with great admiration.[58:57.44]他们只是想要主导自己的未来They just wanted to control their own future, [59:00.47]想让下一代能够掌握自己的命运and to have children who could control their own destiny,[59:04.98][59:07.71]奥布林格一家遭遇的圣经所说的考验还不止龙卷风Tornadoes aren't the only biblical challenge the Oblingers face.[59:12.35][59:12.89]在落基山下的河畔By the river of Rockies,[59:15.00][59:15.02]世界末日正悄然逼近the end of the world, it's brewing.[59:17.71][59:18.30]一个古老物种的出现A prehistoric species emerges to[59:21.03]将大平原的人们逼向绝境battle for the Great Plains.[59:23.37][59:25.29]蝗虫Locusts.[59:26.91][59:28.80]将当地植物祸害一空后After devouring the local vegetation,[59:31.26]又释放出信息素作为继续前进的信号they released pheromones that signal it's time to move on.[59:34.97][59:36.76]它们翅膀很长They grow long wings.[59:38.80][59:39.00]这些害虫们顶风向东These worms head east on the wind.[59:42.00][59:42.01]聚集在大平原上形成了大规模蝗灾They join up over the Great Plains and become a plague.[59:46.14][59:48.47]仅1874一年就毁掉了西部一半的收成In 1874, they devour half of the crops in the West.[59:53.08][59:53.36]三万亿蝗虫Three trillion locusts.[59:55.61][59:57.00]聚集成半英里高100英里宽Half a mile high, 100 miles wide.[00:00.88]长达1000英里相当于科罗拉多州的面积1,000 miles long, as big as Colorado. [00:05.22][00:05.26]遮天蔽日They block out the sun.[00:07.34]这是农业的末日浩劫Agricultural Armageddon.[00:09.60][00:14.59]在乌利亚等人看来蝗灾是上帝的惩罚To men like Uriah, the locust are the wrath of God.[00:19.23][00:22.37]1892年By 1892,[00:24.14]内布拉斯加州西部有一半人口向东回迁half the population of western Nebraska goes east.[00:28.43][00:33.06]而乌利亚坚守了下来Uriah stays.[00:34.95][00:35.06]想在这个国家有所成就就得勇敢过人You have to be brave in order to achieve in this country.[00:37.33][00:37.34]因为在这里一切都得靠自己because nothing is set right there for you.[00:39.65][00:38.24]迈克尔·斯特拉汉[前美国橄榄球联赛球星][00:41.62][00:39.65]生存就是一场冒险You have to take chances.[00:41.62]我认为勇敢也好畏惧也罢And I think bravery and fear are the same things. [00:45.43]只是面对相同感受的不同反应而已It's just a matter of how you react to that same feeling.[00:49.12][00:49.26]坚持下来的人是幸运的Those who stick it out get lucky.[00:54.47]此后不到30年这里的蝗虫绝迹了Within 30 years, the locust is extinct.[00:58.17][00:59.04]落基山脚下肥沃的土地It's breeding grounds in the Rockies[01:01.02]任由像乌利亚一样的移民们开垦plowed over by settlers like Uriah.[01:03.98][01:06.48]此后的10年间In 10 years,[01:07.42]大平原成了整个国家的粮仓the Great Plains become the bread basket of the country.[01:11.18][01:11.59]美国第一次实现了粮食自给For the first time, America can feed itself.[01:15.55][01:15.87]如今这里的小麦年产量已达5000万吨Today 50 million tons of wheat is farmed each year,[01:20.47][01:20.49]但树木依然稀少but trees are still scarce,[01:22.99]为建造城镇移民们急需木材and to build towns settlers need wood.[01:26.72][01:30.78]在密歇根威斯康星与明尼苏达In Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota,[01:33.52]伐木工人们砍掉了整整5000万英亩森林loggers harvest over 50 million acres of trees.[01:37.31][01:39.02]绿色的金子Green gold.[01:40.80][01:41.72]如磁铁一般吸引着斯堪的纳维亚樵夫A magnet for Scandinavian woodsmen. [01:45.21][01:48.48]从1825年到1925年这一百年间Between 1825 and 1925,[01:51.59]挪威总人口的三分之一来到美国a third of Norway's entire population comes to America.[01:55.71]尼尔斯·豪根便是其中一员including Nils Haugen.[01:58.61][01:58.77]当时的薪水是每天3美元The pay was $3 a day.[02:01.09]每个人都要准备一双结实的靴子You had to have a good pair of driving boots [02:03.55]密不渗水以便能踩在漂浮的原木上well caulked to be able to keep on top of the logs.[02:07.22][02:07.53]事关百万美金的生意There's millions of dollars at stake.[02:09.96][02:09.97]如果木材不能顺流而下城镇便无法建造If the flow of logs stops, towns can't be built.[02:15.06][02:16.44]原木阻塞是河工们的噩梦Log jams. River man's ruin.[02:19.85]1886年In 1886,[02:21.32]可建两万所房屋的松木pines to build 20,000 homes[02:24.50]堵在了圣克罗伊河上get stopped on the St.Croix River.[02:26.61][02:26.94]1.5亿英尺的木材150 Million feet of wood.[02:29.83][02:32.52]只要移开关键部位的木材Remove the right log,[02:34.07]其余的便会奔流而下and the rest will explode downstream.[02:37.16][02:39.22]类似的排障过程中有些河工失去了生命Rivermen die clearing the obstructions like this.[02:43.15][02:58.87]1892年In 1892,[03:00.67]仅威斯康星一州就砍伐了20亿英尺木材2 billion feet of lumber will be cut in Wisconsin alone.[03:05.07][03:10.31]木材经由铁路运往各地促进西部建设繁荣The railroad feeds lumber into the West's construction boom.[03:14.07][03:17.63]城镇如雨后春笋般发展起来Towns are built so fast,[03:19.31]人们甚至无暇为街道命名there's no time to name streets.[03:21.99]代之以字母或序号They're given letters and numbers.[03:24.54][03:28.72]大平原上还栖息着The Great Plains is also home to[03:31.82]世界上大型野生哺乳动物中数量最多的一种the most numerous species of large wild mammal on earth.[03:35.18][03:36.64]3000万头美洲野牛30 million buffalo,[03:38.85][03:41.77]集结成长达25英里的牛群herds up to 25 miles long,[03:43.72]向夏季的繁殖地狂奔race to summer breeding grounds.[03:46.29][03:48.90]却不幸与现代世界迎面相撞On a collision course with the modern world.[03:52.16][03:57.21]铁路把新一代的猎手带到了大平原The railroad brings a new kind of hunter to the Great Plains.[04:01.12][04:02.37]在利益的驱使下Driven by profit,[04:04.12][04:04.73]刚刚经过内战的洗礼fresh from the carnage of the Civil War.[04:07.72][04:12.56]200万支来福枪触手可及Two million rifles are in circulation.[04:15.47][04:17.18]这让100万训练有素的退伍军人Over a million veterans trained to use them [04:20.37][04:20.68]有了新的标靶have a new target in their sights.[04:22.98][04:24.33]法兰克·梅尔内战退伍军人Frank Mayer, Civil War vet.[04:27.30][04:27.41]野牛猎手Buffalo hunter.[04:29.17][04:30.93]在现代文明中我没有任何用武之地I had nothing to look forward to in civilization. [04:33.91][04:34.34]我对枪异常痴迷I was crazy about guns.[04:36.26][04:38.77]梅尔追踪着这些足有2000磅重的野牛Mayer tracks 2,000 pound buffalo,[04:41.68][04:42.94]每一头都能轻易将人碾碎easily capable of crushing a man.[04:45.75][04:46.79]他在200码[约182米]外狙击He picks them off from 200 yards[04:49.41][04:51.64]只要你能够杀死它If you could kill them,[04:52.99]它身上的一切尽归你所有what they brought was yours.[04:55.72]它们就是活生生的金子They were walking gold pieces.[04:57.68][04:58.28]猎人射杀野牛只为谋求牛皮Hunters harvest the buffalo for its hide.[05:01.06][05:02.18]1872年In 1872,[05:03.98]只从堪萨斯一地就运出了100万张牛皮they ship over one million out of Kansas alone,[05:07.20][05:08.01]在东海岸每张可卖到3美元worth $3 a piece back East.[05:10.86]运气好时梅尔的收入甚至高过总统On a good day, Mayer earns more than the President.[05:14.74][05:19.21]工厂用长而强韧的长条牛皮作为牵引带Factories use long strong strips of buffalo leather as drag belts[05:23.84][05:29.03]小块的皮则做成衣服和鞋Small pieces become coats and shoes.[05:31.80][05:33.91]为满足大量需求To meet demand,[05:35.22][05:35.23]猎人们为获取牛皮每天射杀8000头水牛hunters kill 8,000 buffalo a day for their hides alone.[05:39.50]在白人看来这是大势所趋For America, this is progress,[05:41.26]因为这就是利用自然资源because this is a natural resource.[05:43.13][05:44.35]但在印第安人看来From the Indian's perspective,[05:45.86][05:45.20]埃尔·卡玛里罗[斯坦福大学教授][05:47.20][05:45.86]他们完全不理解they couldn't understand[05:48.20]白人为什么这样做what the white people were doing.[05:50.27][05:50.30]但当然他们知道如此大量屠杀野牛But, of course, they knew that the decimation of those[05:53.54]必将永久地改变他们的命运buffalo herds would change their lives forever.[05:57.18][05:57.65]大平原上的印第安人The Plain Indians[05:58.92]靠野牛生存将其奉为神物崇拜depend on the buffalo and worship them.[06:01.63][06:02.62]野牛是我们的力量之源The buffalo were our strength from whence we came, [06:06.12]同时也是哺育我们的母亲and whose breast we suck as babies all our lives.[06:09.80][06:10.44]猎人们乘火车到来时巴拉克·艾尔克年仅6岁Black Elk is 6 years old when the railroad arrives.[06:14.07][06:14.87]与白人猎手们不同Unlike the white hunters,[06:16.76][06:16.99]他的族人非常讲究物尽其用his people waste none of their kill.[06:19.80][06:20.07]筋腱做成弓弦Sinews become bow strings.[06:23.07][06:24.11]骨头用作器皿Bones are cups and spoons.[06:26.55][06:26.97]牛皮做成衣物帐篷或是棺椁Skin is clothing, tepees and coffins.[06:32.10][06:32.66]印第安人与野牛自冰河时期以来共存Native Americans and buffalos have co-existed since the last ice age.[06:38.03][06:40.00]巴拉克·艾尔克的祖先曾徒步捕猎野牛Black Elk's ancestors hunted them on foot. [06:44.11][06:44.95]那时没有马可骑There were no horses to ride.[06:47.32][06:50.02]现代的马并不是北美当地物种The modern horse isn't native to North America. [06:53.26]而是西班牙征服者1493年从欧洲带来的Spanish conquistadors brought them from Europe in 1493,[06:58.10][06:58.34]有些马匹逃到了大平原Some escaped to the Great Plains.[07:00.87]这里是马匹的完美栖息地Perfect horse habitat.[07:03.06][07:03.56]经过400年的繁衍生息400 years later,[07:05.62]此时在草原上驰骋的野马已过百万over a million mustangs run wild.[07:08.19][07:09.21]驯化的马匹彻底改变了Taming horses transformed[07:10.82]大平原上印第安人的生活the life of the Plains Indian.[07:13.09][07:14.06]他们成为了专业骑手They become expert horsemen.[07:16.61][07:25.95]狩猎口号由此兴起The battle cry went up.[07:27.39][07:27.45]当喊道"Hokahey" 意为攻击Hokahey! Which means "to charge."[07:30.35]猎手们便一齐蜂拥而上射杀猎物and the hunters went in for the kill.[07:33.25][07:33.78]在马背上弓箭是最佳武器On horse back, the bow is the weapon of choice. [07:37.16][07:39.19]枪支重新装弹所用的的时间And the time it takes to reload a gun,[07:41.56][07:43.24]足够一名战士策马狂奔300码a warrior can ride 300 yards,[07:46.29][07:46.63]张弓发箭20支and fire 20 arrows.[07:48.99][07:50.13]野牛奔跑时速高达35英里Buffalo can run at 35 miles an hour.[07:53.30][07:56.74]狩猎范围方圆几百英里时间长达数日Hunts cover hundreds of miles over many days.[08:00.63][08:01.70]射死一头野牛需要15支箭It can take 15 arrows to kill a buffalo.[08:05.21][08:06.01]而像法兰克·梅尔这样的白人猎手只需子弹一发White hunters like Frank Mayer use a single cartridge.[08:10.47][08:12.02]对准肺部He aims for the lungs.[08:14.13][08:16.41]干净利落地放倒一头牛丝毫不曾惊动牛群A clean kill drops a buffalo without disturbing the herd.[08:21.20][08:25.81]短短十几年3000万头野牛死在枪口下30 Million are killed in a little over a decade.[08:29.48][08:30.72]在猎手剥下牛皮之后After hunters take the hides,[08:32.83][08:33.48]火车载着工人接踵而至拉走剩下的残骸train loads of men arrive to pick their carcasses.[08:36.97][08:38.01]他们利用牛骨做扣子They make buttons from bones[08:40.47][08:40.53]把骨架打磨成粉用作肥料或是制作瓷器and grind down skeletons for fertilizer and porcelain.[08:44.78][08:48.81]原住民靠天吃饭赖地穿衣的日子一去不复返了The primary resource keeping Native Americans alive is gone.[08:54.17]面对着灭顶的饥荒他们被迫迁往保留地Facing starvation, they're forced on to reservations.[08:57.95][08:57.96]我的曾曾祖母巨鹰太祖My great-great-grandmother, Grandma Big Eagle[09:00.70] 罗伯特·沃里尔[伊利诺伊大学][09:02.93][09:00.70]在捕猎野牛时代终结时还活着was alive when buffalo hunting ended.[09:04.97]他们挥别的不仅是赖以生存的食物They weren't just saying good-bye to kind of food stuff.[09:08.30]同时也是在挥别整个种族的生存方式They were saying good-bye to a way of being in the world.[09:13.40]我想当他们回顾那段历史时I think for them to look back on that[09:16.13][09:17.09]只会是难以言表的悲愤was just unspeakably sad.[09:19.64][09:25.35]1889年In 1889,[09:27.03]全美仅存85头野牛just 85 wild buffalo exist in the whole United States.[09:32.59][09:33.40]人类驾着铁骑The men who ride the great iron horse[09:35.09]践踏着自然征服着每一寸荒野are taming the wilderness.[09:38.25][09:38.46]铁路The railroad[09:39.47][09:39.48]把新时代美国的另一标志烙在了大平原上will bring another modern American icon to the Great Plains.[09:43.67][09:54.32]他们是最后的开拓者The last of the great frontier's man.[09:56.97][10:05.92]1865年1865.[10:08.20][10:08.64]内战使得东海岸经济千疮百孔The Civil War leaves cities on the Eastern Seaboard [10:12.36]物资严重匮乏stripped the resources.[10:13.67][10:15.74]另一方面激增的人口需要大量食物供给The country's booming population needs food.[10:19.64][10:22.75]德克萨斯州拥有600万头野牛In Texas, over 6 million cattle roam wild[10:27.01][10:29.71]此地只值4美元一头worth $4 a head here,。
美国：我们的故事
第一集反抗者1610年5月，哥伦布发现新大陆120年之后。
1610年横渡大西洋需要两个月，今天两个小时。
早期的冒险中，十个人七个人活不过第一年。
移民不愿从事体力劳动。
带来的不是生产工具，而是黄金检验的化学试剂。
当时烟草只有西班牙殖民地种植。
西班牙为控制烟草贸易，规定向外国出售烟草种子处以死刑。
英国移民获得烟草种子。
詹姆斯敦成为美国第一座繁荣之城。
在接下来的一个半世纪烟草是主要的出口产品。
1620年，五月花号到达北美。
前三个月，超过一半的清教徒死于饥荒。
土地贫瘠，土著人教会他们以鱼做肥料，种植庄稼。
作为交换，移民派出14人和波卡诺基特人进攻敌对部落。
大获全胜。
两伙人结盟。
13块殖民地形成时，每个清教徒家庭养8个孩子，平均要高2英寸，孩子活到成年的比例是欧洲的两倍。
美国公民比欧洲同胞更富裕20%。
赋税只相当于英国的1/4。
1768年5月9日，英国海关在波士顿查处汉考克船，汉考克在船上私藏100桶酒，不想交税。
引发骚乱，英国派4000军人前往执法。
英国1/3的船只是在美国制造的，英国出口的物品，将近40%来到美国。
在非洲，朗姆酒被当做货币。
1770年波士顿部分居民与八名军人对峙，五名平民死于骚乱。
1773年12月，迫于时局压力，取消除茶叶税的所有税收。
波士顿倾茶事件。
英军1774年9月5日，第一届大陆会议在费城召开。
代表期待与英国和解。
民兵来自于市民，是城市包围组织。
1775年4月19日，莱克星敦的枪声。
60名民兵对抗900名正规军。
突袭战术第四集分裂伊利运河1825年开通。
开凿八年，近千人的牺牲，七百万美元的投入（相当于今天的一亿）。
中部和西部连接到一起，每年有总价值1500万美元的货物往来于运河上。
水牛城、锡拉丘、罗切斯特，物价下浮。
1840年百万富翁一词出现于纽约。
棉花原产于热带。
早期，分离一磅棉花需要一整天的劳动。
1794年3月4日，发明扎棉机。
一名工人工作量相当于过去的50倍。
以前一名奴隶300美元，扎棉机出现后2000美元。
(完整word)THE STORY OF US字幕(美国：我们的故事第4集-- 分裂)
［43：53。
08］第四集分裂［43：54.98］［43:55。
14]1825年 1825.[43：56.83］［43:57。
14］全世界迎来了现代化的曙光 All over the world， the modern era is being born.［44:00.13]［44：01。
12]工业革命来临 It’s the Industrial Revolution.[44:02。
85]［44:03。
62]美国努力迎头追赶 America is racing to catch up.[44:06。
22][44：09.31］在纽约州北部 In upstate New York,［44：10.97］一条人工运河正在郊野中开凿 a man-made river is cutting through the wilderness.［44：13。
81］［44：14。
65]伊利运河是四千年来 The Erie Canal is the biggest construction project［44:18。
17]西方世界规模最大的建筑工程 in the Western world in the last 4,000 years。
［44：21.28］［44：24。
32］全长超过300英里完全由手工开凿 Over 300 miles long, dug entirely by hand，[44：27。
65]［44:27.97]而当时美国连一名像样的工程师都没有 and America lacks a single qualified engineer.［44:31.66］［44：33。
12］美国人 The United States of America［44:35.45］不会让大自然阻挡他们的去路 isn't about to let nature stand in its way。
[44:37。
26][44：37.72］我认为美国精神是 I think of the spirit of America［44:40。
美国历史（我们的故事）
美国历史（我们的故事）第十二集黄金时代美国国力已达到鼎盛时期America is at the height of its power.各种创新和发明把这个国家带入了Innovation and invention will define一个科技日新月异社会空前繁荣的新时代 a new era of prosperity and technological wonder.一项发明以及随之而来的One invention will change the world.历史上最大规模的通讯革命Along with the biggest communications revolution 将改变世界ever seen.旧的威胁逐渐淡去And while old threats fade,新的挑战将使美国经历前所未有的考验new challenges will test America as never before.我们是前锋也是先驱we are pioneers and trailblazers.我们为自由而战We fight for freedom.我们将梦想付诸现实We transform our dreams into the truth.我们的奋斗将换来一个国家的新生Our struggles will become a nation.第十二集黄金时代70年代的美国在国际上The 1970s, America is locked in陷于与另一个超级大国:苏联的对峙a gloabal standoff with another superpower, the Soviet Union.冷战时期It's the Cold War.共产主义与资本主义Communism and capitalism为争夺意识形态霸主地位而冲突不断clash in an ideological battle for supremacy.对许多人而言这个时期充满了恐惧和不确定性For many, it's an era of fear and uncertainty.核梦魇Nuclear nightmares.到冷战结束时By the end of the Cold War,两国所囤积的爆炸性武器the rival countries will amass enough explosive firepower足以摧毁100万个广岛for over a million Hiroshimas.冷战还存在另一个战场太空竞赛But the Cold War has another battlefield: the Space Race.当美国人率先将人类送上月球的时候And when America claimed the prize by putting man on the moon,那个时代标志性的科技成果也日渐成熟a technology that will define the era comes of age.电视Television.1亿8千5百万美国人共同守候在电视机前185 Million Americans are united in front of their TV sets.现在再回看当时的影像Looking back at those images now,我们还是会惊叹图像如此清晰we marveled at the clarity of the picture.布莱恩·威廉斯[NBC晚间新闻主播]这可是从月球上传回来的实时画面啊This was live from the moon, after all!科技的高度发展令人叹为观止It was the height of technology and we marveled at it.1940年整个美国只有几千台电视In 1940, there are just a few thousand TV sets in the whole country..到1970年这个数字超过了6000万By 1970, there are over 60 million.电视将成为塑造新时代的决定性角色TV will play a defining role in shaping a new era.美国一向热衷于采用新科技America has always tried to adopt new technologies.鲍勃·鲁兹[前通用汽车公司副总裁]大家今天司空见惯的电视Television, as we know it today,当初设想之时这一定是个疯狂的主意I mean, it was considered, think about this crazy idea.我们可以向美国任何地方传送动态的影像We can send moving images to any place in the United States.但美国的辉煌But America's been built正是源于科技发展与革新on technological innovation and invention从蒸汽船和六发左轮手枪到人手一辆的汽车From steam boats and six-guns to automobiles for everyone.科技引领他们征服着这片大陆It's conquered a continent with technology.然而纵观美国发展历史But throughout the nation's history,真正起着决定性作用的是通讯技术的发展it is communications technology that played a defining role.1865年1865,电报帮助亚伯拉罕·林肯率领的北方军the telegraph help its President Abraham Lincoln在内战中取胜win the war for the North.他几乎亲自掌控与指挥每一场战役He virtually seize and can command every battle.1945年1945,艾森豪威尔麾下的资深通讯专家大卫·沙诺夫David Sarnoff, Eisenhower's most senior communications expert,协助美国开发了电视机helped develop television for America.美国无线电公司大卫·沙诺夫研究中心RCA实验区到1950年沙诺夫创立了By 1950, Sarnoff creates世界上最大的电视广播网之一one of the biggest TV broadcast networks in the world.NBC 国家广播公司电视不仅是一种新的娱乐方式TV may be a new form of entertainment,更是当时最强大的通讯设备but it's also the most powerful communications device in existence.阿伦·索尔金[剧作家]沙诺夫意识到Sarnoff recognized that电视将成为一股强大的力量there was going to be awesome power.但随之而来的And that, with that awesome power--将是更为重大的责任was going to come awesome responsibility.到1970年美国公众收看电视的数量By 1970, the American public is watching more television超过了所有其他国家than any nation on earth.人们每天在电视前的时间均不下5小时Over five hours a day for every man, woman and child.电视新闻节目的数量There are more TV news programs也远超其他国家than any country in the world.七成以上的成年人Over 70% of the adult population每晚都收看电视新闻watch the television news every evening.而当登月实况在电视上播出时And when pictures of the moon landings are broadcast live,这已不仅是技术上的成功it isn't just a technological success, 而更象征着冷战中的胜利it is a symbolic victory in the Cold War.但有场真正的战争其实更加性命攸关But there's a real war closer to American lives.越南战争Vietnam.美国深陷东南亚的一场鏖战 A bitter conflict in Southeast Asia.美国惧怕共产主义风暴席卷这一地区America fears communismwill sweep the region想要阻止这一态势and wants to stop its influence.但强大的美军与先进的武器But the U.S. Military and all its technology却终不敌背水一战的游击队comes up hard against determined guerrilla movements.为这场战争And the war is being fought美国征召了几十万年轻士兵by hundreds of thousands of drafted young Americans.我们召集了大量刚满18岁的孩子We ask so much of our 18-year-olds跋涉到一个无异于野生丛林的陌生国度to go over to a foreign land, the jungle no less与当地游击队作战他们熟悉地形and fight gorillas who are home on their turf并且对外来入侵非常反感and don't like at all the invading army.参加越战的这代人The generation that is fighting the Vietnam war正是婴儿潮一代are the baby boomers.也是数量最为庞大的一代The biggest ever American generation.逾五千万美国新生儿在战后15年间诞生Over 50 million new Americans born in 15 postwar years.这数量庞大的一代人This huge generation are不同于以往的任何一代unlike any Americans who have come before,他们对于社会的态度和影响and their influence and attitude toward society注定将改变整个美国的面貌are destined to change the face of America.60年代这代人的改变是必然的The 1960s were inevitable.最伟大的一代[二战中的一代] The greatest generation came home固守着人生价值的信念凯旋with fixed idea of what life should be about,汤姆·布罗考[原NBC新闻主播]他们忙着从战争的阴霾中走出And they were so busy putting their own lives back together again回归原来的生活in a traditional fashion根本无暇顾及下一代that they weren't paying attention to细微而敏感的心理变化the changing sensibilities of their children.美国每10到15年就会发生一次蜕变America in a way reinvents itself every 10 or 15 years.而这种蜕变And that reinvention is往往是被上一代人所恐惧与排斥的always feared by the generation that came before.1969年6月June 1969,纽约州北部upstate New York.伍德斯托克音乐节Woodstock.这原本是一场容纳10万人的周末音乐会 A weekend concert for over 100,000 ticket-hoders,却挤满了近50万婴儿潮一代的乐迷was over run by nearly half million baby boomers.还有100万在四周守候Over a million more tried to get in.这是世界范围内空前盛大的音乐节It is the world's biggest ever music festival 并成为了婴儿潮一代年轻人的交际盛会and become the boomer's coming out party,标志着美国新一代成为了社会的主流 a signal to America of the generational change taking place.我们原本刻板拘泥Coming from the society culture一本正经的社会文化that was fairly buttoned up and prim and proper蒂姆·甘[时尚顾问]突然间闯入了伍德斯托克音乐节to one that suddenly was what we had Woodstock.闯入了嬉皮士We had hippiedom.闯入了自由性爱We had free love.婴儿潮这代人深深地影响了Baby bombers had a huge tremendous impact 玛格丽特·周[喜剧演员]我们对世界的看法对社会的看法on how we view the world and how we view society.然而他们反抗的But the baby boomers aren't just rebeling并不仅仅是其父辈的价值观against their parents' values.他们开始试图用街头游行的方式People begin to attempt to affect from the streets比弗利·盖奇[耶鲁大学]向对外政策的最高制定者们施压the highest levels of foreign policy.美军立即撤出印度支那婴儿潮的一代人想要越战结束The baby boomers want an end to the Vietnam war,并在街上游行抗议示威and they take their protest to the street.为自己的信仰挺身而出The willingness to stand up for what you believe in,进行大规模的示威游行in mass demonstrations of revolt,梅丽尔·斯特里普[著名女演员奥斯卡影后]这才是真正的美国精神that's very American.在越战中人们不愿违背自己的意愿In the Vietnam war, people were unwilling to die,让我们的士兵回家为他们并不支持的战争卖命for something they didn't believe in."反抗"是美国民族性格上深深的烙印Protest is deep in the American character.清教徒对旧世界及宗教迫害的反抗The pilgrims against the old world and religious persecution.殖民地对宗主国及其苛捐杂税的反抗The colonies against the British and their taxes.弗雷德里克·道格拉斯和哈莉特·塔布曼对奴隶制的反抗Frederick Douglas and Harriet Tubman against slavery..20世纪70年代1970s.数以千计的反越战抗议游行相继爆发There have been thousands of anti-Vietnam war protests.俄亥俄州肯特州立大学Kent State University, Ohio.国民警卫队被调往镇压游行的500名学生The National Guard are ordered in to control 500 protesting students.电视转播着这一切T elevision is here watching.4名学生中弹身亡Four students are shot dead..正是电视转播将画面传入千家万户I think that that drove it home for a lot of Americans,观众得以直击现场to see on their television,这使得大众群情激昂义愤填膺and to have this mass of people who felt so passionately about it.美国人相信眼见为实The images. You know, America is a very visual country.珍妮特·沃尔斯[著名作家]越战期间首次实现了战事的电视转播And because Vietnam is the first televised war,每一场战役伤亡情况都有新闻报道battles and casualty lists aredaily news events.电视将血淋淋的战争Television brings the reality of the war展现在每个人眼前into the nation's living rooms.就如同百年前内战战地摄影师Just as hundred years ago Civil Warphotographer揭露了战争的恐怖一般revealed the true horror of war,如今电视新闻节目开始颠覆整个国家now TV news images begin to turn the nation.我们已经损失了5万余士兵We had already lost over 50,000 soldiers,伤员更是不计其数many more wounded than that.戴维·鲍尔达奇[犯罪推理小说作家]我想多数美国人已经意识到越战的无望I think most Americans realized Vietnam was a hopeless cause.在越战中的投弹数量超过了整个二战More bombs than were droped in the whole World War II.数千亿美元白白消耗Hundreds of billions of dollars.但保留在大多数美国人记忆中的But what the most Americans remember是他们在电视中看到的画面are the pictures they see on their TV sets.目睹着西贡[今胡志明市]的残兵爬上直升机Watching people in Sigon clinging to helicopters丹尼尔·席尔瓦[著名作家]落荒而逃as we left in disgrace.这是一幅极不符合美国信念的画面This is a profoundly unAmerican notion. 1975年1975,越战终于结束了the Vietnam War is finally over.越南退伍军人从多重意义上来讲正是反战运动In many ways it really was the anti-war movement改变了后世对于越战的印象on the ground that shaped our story of Vietnam某种程度上反战运动也是对战争的真实体验and to some degree the actual experience of the war.对于许多婴儿潮时期出生的人来说For many of the baby boomers,抗议和反叛是为了更为远大的目标the protest and rebellion has a wider aim: 即创造一种全新的生活方式to create a completely new way of life.你可以反抗父母反抗社会You could rebel against your parents and rebel against society去创造属于你自己的乌托邦while creating your own utopia,这是典型的60年代的理想this is a very 60s ideal.打造一片可以放飞梦想的乐土Creating a land where you can live your dreams 这正是美国性格的一部分is part of the American character.同时也是清教徒来到美国的动力The reason that the pilgrims came to America.以及摩门拓荒者西进的原因Why Mormon pioneers headed west.婴儿潮的一代并非在找寻新的大陆The baby boomers aren't looking for a new land.而是想改变美国社会They want to change American society, 真正的革命是由伟大的爱来引导的释放所有政治犯真理是囚禁不了的使其变得更加公平make it a fairer place.60年代末70年代初As the 60s turn into the 70s,黑人行动主义原住民土地所有权black activism, nativeAmerican land rights,释放黑豹党人同性恋权利生态保护及女权主义gay rights, ecology and feminism在游行的压力下被一一提上日程burst on to the agenda and the streets.姐妹们联合起来与压迫我们的制度作斗争婴儿潮一代重塑着美国社会The baby boom generation shaped America,职场中为女性争取平等权利的运动the movement for equality for women in the workplace随之发起certainly came out of that.美国历史中的这一时期There is a tiny moment in American history让美国女性重拾自信gave a lot of confidence to American women,安妮特·戈登·里德[罗格斯大学历史学教授]自由就是自由Freedom is freedom.梅莉莎·埃瑟里奇[歌手作曲家]无论男女都是平等的All men and women are created equal.我之前对水门事件一无所知I had no prior knowledge of the Watergate break-in.我既未参与I neither took part in也对随后的掩饰行为毫不知情nor knew about any of the subsequent cover-up activities..水门大厦民主党全国委员会1974年尼克松总统牵涉到1974, President Nixon is implicated in the break in闯入其政敌总部并安装窃听设备的事件中and the bugging of hispolitical rivals headquarters.他被指控掩盖罪行He's accused of covering up the crime.美国联邦法院国会启动了弹劾程序Congress starts an impeachment process 电视对此进行了现场直播which transmits live on television.国家的最高首脑Holders of the highest offices in the land面对着数百万观众接受质询are subjected to a grilling watched by millions.尼克松政府因遭逢电视时代而一败涂地The Nixon administration hits the TV age and losses,滚出去H.W.布兰茨[德克萨斯大学教授]尽管在之前的美国历史中也存在着丑闻There had been scandals previously in American history,但却从未像水门事件这样but none that unfolded on television, 在电视上迅速曝光with the immediacy of the Watergate Scandal.水门丑闻所表现的What was revealed by the Watergate Scandal官场腐败程度was a level of internal corruption,欺骗程度 a level of deception与对美国民主的亵渎and a real violation of American democracy当时就连美国政论家that even critics of the American government都绝对想象不到up to that point simply hadn't imagined.对于大多数人而言It was the last nail in the coffin you might say of,戴维·M·肯尼迪[斯坦福大学历史学教授]这是压垮公众信念的最后一根稻草for many, many people ofAmericans confidence in their own society.我将在明天中午辞去总统之职I shall resign the presidency effective at noon tomorrow.史上唯一一位在任上辞职的总统The only president ever to resign the office. 85%的美国家庭通过电视直播收看其辞职演说His speech watched live by 85% of all American households.媒体与电视的自由显示了其真正的力量Freedom of the press and TV showing their true power.媒体在水门事件中的力量表明I mean, the power of Watergate is saying我们需要自由媒体you need a free press.索莱达·奥布莱恩[CNN首席主持人]如果没有自由的媒体Because there are some things that you will not learn那么有些事情我们将永远不得而知if you do not have a free press.电视见证了一位总统的下台While television proves the downfall of one President,将美国推向危机throws America into crisis,然而另一位总统将学会利用它another will learn to use this new technology重塑美国人的信心将美国带入新纪元to rebuild American confidence and usher in a new era.70年代末80年代初As the 70s turn into the 80s特拉华的美国汽车工人联合会的工人亟需工作美国陷入困境America feels bruised.中东石油危机The Middle East oil crisis.对不起没油了油泵已关在伊朗的美国人质事件American hostages in Iran.美国束手无策我们需要工作恳请政府与国会马上行动起来调查表明仅剩22%的美国民众信任政府Surveys show only 22% of Americans trust the government.失业和通货膨胀Unemployment and inflation双双达到大萧条以来的最高水平are both at the highest levels since the Great Depression.美国曾经历过经济低谷America has endured economic downtimes before.上世纪30年代In the 1930s,罗斯福采用积极的财政政策Roosevelt tries to bring America out of its Great Depression将美国带出大萧条的阴霾with government spending in new initiatives.同时他充分利用了新媒体的力量But he also harnesses the power of a new media--用广播直接传播到全国radio-- to speak directly to the nation.富兰克林·罗斯福拥有神奇的魔力Franklin Roosevelt had this truly mysterious capacity他在广播中的讲话to speak through the radio in a way that戴维·M·肯尼迪[斯坦福大学]不仅能吸引民众的注意还能激发他们的感情compelled not just the attention but the affection of影响千百万民众millions upon millions of his countrymen.半个世纪之后Now half a century later,一位新总统利用电视 a new President uses television重建整个国家的信心in his attempt to restore the nation's confidence.我们怎能不信任我们伟大的祖国How can we not believe in the greatness of America.又怎能不去行正义和必要之事How can we not do what is rightand needed去保护这世间最后的希望to preserve this last best hope of man on earth.他被称为伟大的沟通者His nick name was the great communicator.他的那种清晰的表达方式He was able to articulate in a way戴维·鲍尔达奇[犯罪推理小说作家]能让人像认同自己美国人身份一样认同他that many people would accept as being innately American.H.W.布兰茨[德克萨斯大学教授]美国人其实愿意相信Americans wanted to believe他们的国家是美好而又强大的that their country was good and strong.里根向他们肯定"是的我们美好而强大" And Reagan spoke to them in a voice that said "Yes, we are".同胞们My fellow citizens,今晚我想和大家谈谈我们的未来I would like to speak to you tonight about our future,谈谈一项有历史意义的伟大努力about a great historic effort让"自由公平希望"这三个词对每位美国公民to give the words "freedom", "fairness" and "hope" new meaning and power 都有新意义和新力量for every man and woman in America.具体来说我想谈谈税务的问题Specificly I want to talk about taxes.上世纪80年代是美国经济繁荣的新时代The 1980s appear to be a new era of American financial prosperity.低利率和宽松的信贷政策的盛行Low interest rates and the easy credit flows 引领经济繁荣复苏lead a bussiness boom.在这十余年间Over the course of the decade,华尔街市场交易屡创新高trading on Wall Street markets breaksrecords,道琼斯指数飙升了超过200个百分点the Dow Jones Index rises more than 200 percent.80年代末By the 1980s,每年便有十万美国人跨入百万富翁的行列100,000 Americans become millionaires every year.美国也曾历经过繁荣There have been boom times before.石油热带来了廉价汽油实现了汽车普及The oil rush leads to cheap gasoline and cars for the masses.廉价钢铁促进了建筑业的繁荣And cheap steel leads to a construction boom,城市迅速发展起来builds new cities.80年代的美国Now in 1980s America,低息贷款刺激了消费cheap credit creates a boom in consumers.信用卡是这个时期的象征The credit card is the symbol of the decade.开发于1958年Invented in 1958,一度是有钱人的专利如今普罗大众也可以拥有once reserved for the wealthy, now it's democratized.到1989年By 1989,持有信用卡的美国人比选民还多more Americans have credit cards than vote in elections.80年代持卡人的借贷额增长了五倍The 80's see cardholders increase their debt by a factor of five.到80年代末美国人By the end of the decade, Americans are spending每年刷卡消费近2500亿美元nearly a quarter of a trillion dollars on their credit cards every year.80年代During the 80s,购物中心的数量甚至比高中学校的数量还多the number of shopping malls surpasses the number of high schools.快餐店的数量增加了78% There's a 78% increase in fast-food stores.十年间餐饮行业消费额翻了一番Spending on restaurant food more than doubles达到2500多亿美元to over 250 billion dollars in decade.那十年可能是美国史上During that decade we probably became最为物欲横流的时期more materialistic than we ever had before.消费创下了历史新高Consumption was off the charts.但消费者真正感兴趣的是科技But what consumers really want is technology, 最新的家用电器the latest home appliances, 最新的娱乐技术the latest entertainment technology.1980年时只有200万台录像机There are barely 2 million VCRs in 1980.到了1990年却达到6300多万台Over 63 million by 1990.从最初只有区区几千部手机From a few thousand cell phones, 到80年代末发展到超过500万部by the end of the decade there are over 5 million.詹姆斯·梅格斯[《大众机械》杂志总编]你的第一把折叠刀Your first pocket knife,你的第一辆自行车your first bicycle,你的第一辆汽车your first car,如今你的第一部手机today, you know, your first cell phone,你的第一台手提电脑your first laptop,这些都标志着你掌控了自己的世界all these are badges of gaining control over your world,标志着你有能力生活得更好of having, being able to live lifebetter因为你有更先进的工具和使用它们的技术because you have a better tool, and the skill to use it.这让美国人深深地为之心驰神往That's something that's deeply appealing to the American psyche.不过许多消费品的技术进步But many of these consumer technology advances are developed都直接得益于有史以来最大的开支狂潮: directly from the biggest spending spree of all:太空竞赛the Space Race.与苏联的冷战状态仍然处在白热化阶段The Cold War with the Soviet Union is still going strong.紧张态势蔓延全球乃至太空Laying out across the globe and the final frontier.到冷战结束时美国共花费了七万亿美元By the end of the Cold War, 7 trillion dollars has been spent只为了领先于它的共产主义对手keeping America ahead of her communist rival.竞争的结果就是The result,造就了史上最复杂最大胆的航天器: one of the most sophisticated and daring spacecraft ever built:航天飞机The space shuttle.航天飞机真是个非常美妙的想法The space shuttle was a beautiful idea.非常精致的飞船It was an elegant craft,更高效更经济that would be more efficient, more economical 因为它可以像飞机那样起飞着陆并重复使用because it could take off and land and be reuseable.发射... and lift off.航天飞机助长了美国的消费热潮The shuttle adds to America'sconsumer boom.它最重要的功能之一One of its primary functions是搭载通信卫星is to launch communication satellites,用来助涨美国人日益滋长的helping expand America's ever growing appetite 对娱乐通信电话和全球定位系统的需求for entertainment, communications, telephones and GPS.而航天飞机上使用的技术And the technology that goes into the shuttle也造福了地面上的人类also comes back to earth.手机水质净化Cell phones, water purification,飞机起落架消防设备airplane landing gear, fire fighting equipment.无线电动工具医疗技术Cordless power tools, medical tech,甚至滑雪服and even ski wear.这一切都得益于航天飞机计划All benefited from the shuttle program.许多人看来航天飞机是美国的象征For many, the shuttle is symbolic of the American story.它就像是自行应验的预言之一It's like one of those self-fulfilling prophecies.里克·哈里森[金银典当]也就是说You know,我们为了更美好的未来努力let's work for a better future.我们就会得到美好的未来we'll get the better future.迈克尔·道格拉斯[著名演员]谈到拓荒精神Talk about the frontier spirit,它无关成败荣辱it's not a question of succeeding or failure而是不断壮大令人倍受鼓舞it's just continuous growth, which is really inspirational.航天飞机第25次出航25th space shuttle mission...但是整个国家对技术的信奉But the nation's faith in technology 即将遭到沉重的一击is about to receive a blow.航天飞机开启了美国的新纪元The shuttle is a new era for America.航天时代的技术带动着国家经济的发展Space-age technology is powering the country forward.这个国家建立在创新之上The nation's been built on innovation.新技术带来了进步财富和扩张New technology create progress, wealth, expansion.随着斧子的改进As axes improve,森林以惊人的速度被开垦forests can be cleared at a greater rate.新的军事技术可以赢得战争A new military technology wins wars,建立国家makes nations.詹姆斯·梅格斯[《大众机械》总编辑]纵观我们的历史Throughout our history,每一项技术进步都意味着变革every one of these technologies has been transformative in a way改变了经济改变了生活that has changed economies, it's changed lives,也改变了居住模式it's changed settlement patterns.是像安德鲁·卡内基这样的实业家It takes entrepreneurs like Andrew Carnegie.他采用新的钢铁生产技术He takes new steel production techniques实现了钢的大规模生产and supersizes them to produce vast quantities以此为原料建设起了伟大的美国城市of the raw materials that build the great American city.还有像穆赫兰这样的工程天才And engineering geniuses like Mulholland,他修建的长达200英里的洛杉矶引水渠his 200 mile L.A Aqueduct使得这座城市从荒芜之地崛起allows the city to grow from the desparate.但进步往往是以人的牺牲为代价的But progress often carries a human cost. 1825年1825,建造连通五大湖区和纽约的伊利运河building the Erie Canal to connect the Great Lakes to New York City夺去了近千条生命claims nearly 1,000 lives.1865年修建横贯东西的大铁路1865, the transcontinental railroad,近两千人丧生almost 2000 lives.19世纪末20世纪初At the turn of the century,每五名男性中就有两名two out of every five men为了建设美国现代都市的摩天楼而丧命或致残died or are disabled building the skyscrapers of America's new cities.三二一发射Three, two, one. And lift off.如今航天飞机Now the space shuttle是美国科技新纪元的登峰造极之作is the pinnacle of a new era of American technology.1986年是机组最繁忙的一年1986 is to be the fleet's busiest year.被选中的挑战者号机组人员The crew of the Challenger shuttle 正是现代美国社会的缩影is chosen to represent cross-section of modern America.他们来自不同种族背景职业Different races, backgrounds, professions.我们总有这样的想法And the idea always was能否让更多人也来参与"Can we begin to open this up somehow to more people巴兹·奥尔德林[实现人类首次登月的阿波罗11号宇航员踏上月球第二人] 而不只是受过高度训练的宇航员than just highly trained astronauts."航天梦成了每个美国人都触手可及的梦想The dream of space flight is extending to everyday Americans.这架航天飞机被誉为最为安全便捷的太空飞船The shuttle is seen as an easy safe route to the final frontier.但在1986年1月28日But on January 28, 1986,起飞后仅仅73秒just 73 seconds after it takes off,挑战者号便发生了爆炸全国直播Challenger explodes, live on national television.很明显过了好几秒You could see that it took the audience a few seconds观众才明白他们眼前发生了什么to realize what they were seeing,因为这真的难以理解because it was so hard to interpret.7条生命无一幸免Seven lives lost.悲剧就在眨眼之间发生这怎么可能All of a sudden it was like "How could that have happened?"戴维·鲍尔达奇[犯罪推理小说作家]国家航空航天局I mean, NASA, the United States,我们美国在这一领域领先全球we're like the best in the world at this.到底发生了什么What happened?挑战者号全速下坠Challenger, go with throttle up.这好似当头一棒It was like a blow to the gut of the nation.失败在所难免And we do fail at times,但最严峻的考验来自but the greatest test comes from。
纪录片《美国：我们的故事》观后感
纪录片《美国：我们的故事》观后感刚刚看完纪录片《美国：我们的故事》。
这部高成本的纪录片，以恢弘的电影效果手法，描述了美国从无到有，从新兴国家到世界超级大国的历史。
整部纪录片有12集，动用了各种各样的表达手法，以最直观的方式再现历史。
看完全集，我的脑海里留下的最多还是最初移民时候的场景.他们从遥远的欧洲大陆而来，很多人变卖家产只为登上去美洲大陆的船，还有那些清教徒，只为寻求那另一方信仰之地。
他们需要历经千辛万苦，早期来美洲大陆的人们，经过两个月的航行，超过一半的人死于大海。
登上陆地的人还要白手起家，开垦一方荒原之地。
这或许就是美国人的基因所在。
这种骨子里的移民精神，一股无所畏惧又勇往直前。
早期登入者建立起了定居点，之后他们成为了这片大陆上的主角。
而后来者以殖民者的身份控制早期登入者的后代。
冲突随之而来。
从第一次大陆会议的召开，从人权宣言的颁布，人人生而平等，追求自由，追求幸福的权利属于了每一个人。
英国的殖民者尽管军队浩大，武器先进，但在长期的战斗中，在华盛顿等人的领导下，渡过了最艰难的时期。
殖民者退出了美洲大陆。
美国成立。
美国开始了他们父辈们所习惯的方式，义无反顾地开垦荒原之地。
西进运动，成千上万的美国人，变卖家产。
全部身家装入一辆马车，大规模迁徙，奔赴无人知晓的未知之地。
之后的淘金乐也是如此。
此时，美国也正在以不同的方式发展。
北方注重工业，而南方则以棉花种植为主。
新工具的出现，让加工棉花的速度超越以往。
同时，需要更多的黑奴进行加工。
南方的黑奴制度越演越烈，而不曾把黑奴当人看待。
南北方的差异导致不同的黑奴政策，一旦黑奴从南方逃到北方，意味着可以新的生活和工作。
但是，之后宣布的法律让南方雇主可以到北方捉走黑奴，这也影响了北方的社会秩序。
双方的矛盾，加上黑奴与雇主的矛盾被激发了。
布朗，北方视其为英勇的战士，而南方则视其为恐怖份子。
他以暴力的手段，试图解放南方城市，并谋划了占领南方最大军火库。
可是，并没有黑奴响应，最后失败。
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Episode 1（反抗）
1 清教徒躲避宗教迫害乘“五月花”号（Mayflower）来到美洲大陆。
2 感恩节的由来。
3 “波士顿惨案”和“波士顿倾茶案”是美国独立战争的导火索。
4 “莱克星顿第一枪”打响美国独立战争，从此，美洲大陆不再是英国人的殖民地，独立为美利坚合众国。
Episode 2（革命）
1 1776年7月4日，第二次大陆会议通过了《独立宣言》（由托马斯·杰弗逊起草），它宣布新大陆13个殖民地要独立成为一个新的国家：“人人生而平等，造物主赋予了他们不可剥夺的权利，包括生存权、自由权和追求幸福的权利”。
2 英军总司令被杀是美国独立战争的转折点，此时法国舰队加入，帮助美国在海上抵抗英国舰队。
1783签署《巴黎条约》，英国承认美国独立。
Episode 3 (西进运动)
1 为了寻求财富，美国人向西部迁移，称为“西进运
动”。
当内华达山脚下发现金矿后，“淘金热”。
2 西进运动的转折点：美国人在得克萨斯州的阿拉莫被墨西哥人打败，“阿拉莫之战”，向西部发动战争，攻占了得克萨斯州后，又买下加利福尼亚州。
3 《印第安人迁移法》迫使当地的土著民去保留地居住。
4 美国的最长的河流密西西比河，从米尼苏达北部发源，一直到新奥尔良南部。
19世纪蒸汽机的发明使密西西比河促进了美国经济的发展。
Episode 4 (南北分裂)
1 伊利湖使以纽约为代表的美国北方工业区更加繁荣。
2 南方种植园里的大量黑人奴隶生活悲惨，纷纷冒险逃亡到北方。
3 《逃奴法案》准许南方奴隶主搜捕逃亡到北方的奴隶，激起北方民众的怨愤。
小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》描述了黑人奴隶生不如死的生活状态，在西方其重要性仅次于《圣经》。
4 南北战争的原因：南方和北方为美国到底是实行奴隶制还是自由制而发生冲突，双方不肯退让。
5 林肯当选总统后，准备废奴，此时南方6个蓄奴州
建立美利坚联盟国，准备暗杀林肯。
6 林肯就职五周后，南北战争正式打响，这是美国历史上伤亡最惨重的战争。
Episode 5 (内战)
1 迷你子弹使内战伤亡惨重。
2林肯指挥下利用铁路、电报等科技工业使北方联邦军在内战中逐步取得胜利。
3 林肯发表《解放黑人奴隶宣言》，使大批黑奴参战，加入北方联邦军。
4 林肯在葛底斯堡公墓发表演说：“民有、民治、民享的政府将永远不会从地球上消失。
”(A government of the people, by the people, and for the people will never perish from the earth.)
Episode 6 (腹地)
1 上万中国工人建设横跨美洲大陆的美国铁路网，为大平原地区带来了大批的美国移民。
2 美国政府出台《宅地法》，将西部的土地卖给个人，但是西部气候恶劣，龙卷风的来袭，蝗虫对庄稼的侵扰，使得近一半的西部移民重新迁回东部。
3 西部移民大量屠杀野牛卖钱，但是印第安人靠野牛
生存，视其为神物崇拜，因此印第安人迫不得已迁往保留地。
4 西部牛仔的生活。
5 美国铁路网加速了区域间的发展，使得美国超越英国，成为世界头号经济强国。
Episode 7 (城市)
1 法国赠送自由女神像给美国，以纪念独立宣言通过100周年。
2 钢铁大王卡内基大规模生产钢铁使美国城市摩天大楼的崛起成为可能，使美国城市在空间上向上发展。
美国从此进入物质上极为奢侈繁华的镀金时代。
4镀金时代，城市犯罪率骤升，贫富差距加大。
5 爱迪生发明了电灯炮，加速了城市的发展，但高速发展的背后隐藏着种种安全隐患。
Episode 8 (繁荣)
1 德克萨斯州地下石油的发现使美国成为世界第一大石油大国，推动了美国现代化进程。
2 在底特律，亨利·福特制作了世界上第一条高产量、低成本的汽车生产线，使美国成为“汽车上的国度”。
3引水渠的修建促使了加利福尼亚州好莱坞的繁荣，
使之成为电影制作及享受奢华生活的圣地。
4 奴隶制废除后，大量南方黑奴向北方迁移，这场运动被称为“大迁移”。
北方人担心黑人会抢走他们的工作，矛盾在所难免。
故而发生了1919年种族暴力，史称“血腥之夏”。
5 1919年美国通过宪法，实行“禁酒令”。
但是1929年美国“经济大萧条”，意味着30年来美国城市的繁荣即将结束。
宪法重新修改，开始对酒征税。
Episode 9 (大萧条)
1 1929年10月美国信贷系统崩溃，股票大跌，美国陷入经济危机，“大萧条时期”，千万人失业。
2政府出资在科罗拉多河上修建胡佛大水坝，缓解就业压力。
胡佛大坝的建成促进了周边经济的发展，包括著名赌城拉斯维加斯。
3 1934年美国经历了历史上最严重的一次自然灾害沙尘暴。
4罗斯福新政之一，在南达科州拉什莫尔山上建造华盛顿、杰弗逊、林肯、罗斯福雕像重塑美国信心。
5 德国希特勒的极权主义和美国民主的意识形态发生冲突，美国即将卷入二战，对抗德国。
Episode 10 (二战)
1 1941年12月7日，日本偷袭美国珍珠港的舰队，使美国卷入第二次世界大战，对抗轴心国德国、意大利和日本。
2 美国女性在国内的军工厂开始大规模生产武器，充当二战后勤，重振了美国“大萧条时期”的经济。
女性的收入刺激了消费，拉动了内需。
3 为了从纳粹德国手中夺回法国及整个欧洲，1944年6月6日，同盟国（美英加法波等）在欧洲西线战场上发动一场大规模攻势“霸王计划”，“诺曼底登陆D-Day”。
4 1945年8月美国研制原子弹成功，在广岛和长崎丢下两颗原子弹后，日本投降，二战结束。
Episode 11 (超级大国)
1 艾森豪威尔总统决定修建州际高速公路，使得人、商品、思想更加自由地流动。
州际高速公路还催生了郊区的发展。
2 二战之后，美国社会稳定，经济繁荣，迎来了“婴儿潮”，并且大力发展房屋建设。
3 二战之后，美国一跃成为科技强国，给人民带来福祉。
4 美国内战虽然解放了黑人奴隶制，但是社会的每个角落都存在“种族隔离”的现象。
60年代，马丁·路德·金领导“民权运动”。
国会通过人权法案。
5 70年代，美国和苏联展开军备竞赛，“冷战”。
Episode 12 (黄金时代)
1 以美国为代表的资本主义对抗以苏联为代表的共产主义：军备竞赛、太空竞赛。
“越南战争”。
2 以“嬉皮士”为代表的婴儿潮一代人反对越战。
3 电视的普及使政府透明化，“水门事件”。
尼克松总统辞职。
4 计算机的普及到英特网的发明。
5 2001年9月11日，美国遭到恐怖袭击，虽然伤亡惨重，但是抗争精神从未磨灭。