物理专业英语

第一章

词汇:

注释：

divided by 除以 multiplied by 乘以 meter per square second Vector: [‘vekt?] 矢量 A quantity has magnitude as well as direction.

Scalar: [‘skeil?] 标量 A quantity completely defined by its magnitude. average speed / velocity / acceleration 平均速率/速度/加速度

steady velocity 匀速 balanced 平衡的 stationary 静止的 combined effect 合成效应 resultant force 合力 moments and balance 力矩和平衡gravity / gravitational force 重力 centre of gravity 重心 gradient ［’ɡreidj?nt］梯度

arrow [‘?r?u] 箭头 horizontal [,h?ri’z?nt?l] 水平的 vertical [‘v?:tik?l] 垂直的

it is more convenient to do something ......更方便+ plus [pl?s] 正号- minus[‘main?s] 负号

increase/decrease + by 增加/减少了 increase/decrease + to 增加/减少到

The newton is defined in this way:

A 1 N resultant force gives a 1 kg mass an acceleration of 1 m s-2

perpendicular [,p?:p?n’dikjul?] 垂直的

符号:

+ plus 加号；正号 - minus 减号；负号

±plus or minus 正负号

×is multiplied by 乘号÷is divided by 除号

＝is equal to 等于号≡is equivalent to 全等于号

≠is not equal to 不等于号≈is approximately equal to 约等于号

≌is equal to or approximately equal to 等于或约等于号

＜is less than 小于号＞is more than 大于号

≤is not less than 不小于号≥is not more than 不大于号

≢is less than or equal to 小于或等于号

≣is more than or equal to 大于或等于号

% per cent 百分之…‰per mill 千分之…

∞infinity 无限大号∝varies as 与…成比例

√(square) root 平方根

∵since; because 因为∴hence 所以

∷equals, as (proportion) 等于，成比例

∟angle 角≦circle 圆

≨semicircle 半圆○circumference 圆周

πpi 圆周率△ triangle 三角形

≧perpendicular to 垂直于∠ horizontal to 平行于

∪union of 并，合集∩intersection of 交，通集

∫the integral of …的积分

∑(sigma) summation of 总和

°degree 度℃Celsius system 摄氏度

′minute 分″ second 秒

I seem to have been only like a boy playing on the sea

shore, and diverting myself in now and then finding a

smoother pebble or a prettier shell than ordinary, whilst the

great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me.

我不过就象是一个在海滨玩耍的小孩，为不时发现比寻常更

为光滑的一块卵石或比寻常更为美丽的一片贝壳而沾沾自喜，

而对于展现在我面前的浩瀚的真理的海洋，却全然没有发现。

☆ If I can see a bit farther than some others, it is because I am

standing on the shoulders of giants.

如果说我比别人看得更远些,那是因为我站在了巨人的肩膀上.

resultant force 合力component force 分力uniform force 恒力resistance 阻力inertia 惯性 [i’n?:??] impulse 冲量action 作用 reaction 反作用 momentum 动量 conservation of momentum 动量守恒stationary / moving object 静止 / 运动的物体 constant velocity 恒定速度linked equation 相关方程initial velocity 初始速度 final velocity 末速度Newton’s first / second / third law 牛顿第一 / 二 / 三定律

阻力推力摩擦力

resistance thrust friction

弹力重力

elastic force gravity / weight

斥力拉力

repulsive force pulling / traction force

∝与…成比 varies as / be proportional to 与…成反比 be inversely proportional to

Newton’s second law of motion can be summarized in a simple vector equation：

物体的加速度跟物体所受的合外力成正比，跟物体的质量成反比，加速度的方向跟合外力的方向相同。

A external force acting on an object produces an acceleration which is in the direction of the force and has a magnitude inversely proportional to the mass of the object.

Jet engine: 喷气发动机

Air is drawn in at the front by a large fan, and pushed out the back. Exhaust gases are also ejected, at a higher speed.

一个大的鼓风机把空气从前面拉入，从后面推出。尾气高速喷出。

Propeller: 螺旋桨

This is driven by the shaft of a jet engine or piston engine. Its blades are angled so that air is pushed backwards as it rotates.

shaft: 轴

This is the shaft of a steam engine. 这是一个蒸汽机主轴。

这是由喷气发动机或活塞式发动机的轴驱动的。当螺旋桨旋转时，它的叶片扭转，从而使空气从后面排出。

以弹簧为例，一个与弹簧相连、放在光滑轨道上的