11月8日托福写作真题第一套题
11月8日托福阅读真题
新东方谢真真：2014年11月08日托福阅读真题智课网整理第一套题第一篇：版本一：生命组成元素elements有很多，主要有氢和氦，还说了一些惰性元素，虽然不同星球元素比例不同但是所须具备的元素都有。
生命必须存在于有atmosphere和liquid的星球，两个条件同时满足，因为atmosphere可以防止辐射，liquid可以让元素之间反应从而形成organic的分子版本二：生命组成元素，element有九十多种，life element包括25种；然后讲了一下heavy element和氢、氦占元素的百分比，古老星球的heavy element百分比很低；地球生物最重要的元素是碳，其他星球具有生命所需的元素，所以可能有生命存在，并且可以based on 碳或者硅或者其他元素；atmosphere和liquid必须存在，有利于元素相互反应，形成生命。
词汇题不太记得了，貌似有一个widespread among第二篇：版本一：美国十九世纪lumber开始是农民卖，后来产业化，还说了technology促进了发展，有方法可以让开采全面进行而不是在冬天停滞，另外有方法解决冬天结冰导致木材搬运不同的问题，还说有铁路建设，尽管有些地方很偏远，但是由于对木材的持续需求建了版本二：讲美国五大湖地区的lumber，在十九世纪开始产业化，技术的发展使木材可以搬运到全国各地，stream水运木材，有一个啥技术可以控制水运的方向，使运输更快速；还有一个是在dry冬天，freeze减少摩擦力，解决冬天木材很难运的问题，可以运很重的木材了；另外就是铁路运输。
其他的细节就不太记得了第三篇：版本一：megafauna为什么灭绝说了一个主要的原因是人类活动，有两人还制作了模型检验，另外一个人支持这个观点，也有什么证据，说有remains在人类活动的地方，后来反驳，说few remains在那个地方，然后前面制作数学模型的人就说这反而能支持他们的观点，但是又有一个人说新西兰也有一个地方的什么动物，灭绝也是因为人类活动，但却留下很多evidence版本二：magafauna灭绝的问题，科学家提出是人类kill的，解释了一下为什么climate不会是灭绝的原因：很久之前有一次climate变化但没导致m灭绝，这次climate变化也不会导致灭绝。
2020年11月8日托福考试真题回顾
2020年11月8日托福考试真题回顾（独立口语&写作+综合写作全是旧题）托福线下2020年11月8日的考场已结束，本次考试中的独立口语、独立写作以及综合写作部分出现旧题，对此很多小伙伴考的还是不错的，具体题目如何呢？我们一起回顾下：2020年11月8日托福写作真题独立写作：Young students have a lot of free time during the evenings after school or on days off school. Which of the following three activities do you think is the MOST beneficial option for young students (age 14-18) to do in their spare time?1.Gaining work experience by doing a part-time job or volunteering incommunities2. Learn a sport3. Learn a music instrument综合写作：城市举办大型竞技活动对城市好不好？阅读赞同：1、促进旅游等行业发展，会有更多钱流入2、免费为城市打广告3、新建设施还可以被本地人再利用。
听力反驳：1、由于主办方很多都是大型公司，举办完赚了钱也不会流进本地，另外旅客人数并没有变多，只是很多原本的旅客换成了看比赛的人。
2、城市广告效应有风险3、电费高昂，没有钱的话设备无法开启，只能闲置2020年11月8日托福口语真题T1家长应该阻止孩子去做那些几乎不可能成功的工作吗T2学校要安装太阳能板节约能源。
1、安装的位置在屋顶上,因为面积大吸收的能量多。
2、为了空出位置,要拆掉一些seat,因为平时也没人坐。
学生的观点是使用混合能源。
1、安装的位置确实不错,因为学校所在的地方阳光充足。
(完整word版)百利天下托福写作机经-11月8、9号
百利天下托福机经●Some people think that the important role of university professors is to do research; others think the main role of them is to educate students。
(1)●Patience is not a good strategy; we should take action now rather than later. (2)●选学校,是选professor好的还是工作机会大的. (2)●The most important problems affecting our society today could be solved within our lifetime。
2●人们可以自己解决问题或在家人的帮助下解决问题，因此并不需要政府的帮助3●People should follow the ambitious dream or people should focus to achieve the realistic goals? 3●Do you agree or disagree with the following statement？In order to attract good students，a university should spend a lot of money funding social activities。
(4)●In the past young people depended on their parents for making decisions. Today, young people are better able to make decisions on their own。
(4)●Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way to truly relax and reduce stress is to spend time alone. (4)●In times of an economic crisis, in which area should the government reduce its spending? 4●It is better for students at university or in college to choose difficult classes even if they cannot get top grades。
托福TPO1综合写作真题及解析
托福TPO1综合写作真题、音频及解析Reading Part:In the United States, employees typically work five days a week for eight hours each day.However, many employees want to work a four-day week and are willing to accept less pay in order to do so. A mandatory policy requiring companies to offer their employees the option of working a four-day workweek for four-fifths (80 percent) of their normal pay would benefit the economy as a whole as well as the individual companies and the employees who decided to take the option. The shortened workweek would increase company profits because employees would feel more rested and alert, and as a result, they would make fewer costly errors in their work. Hiring more staff to ensure that the same amount of work would be accomplished would not result in additional payroll costs because four-day employees would only be paid 80 percent of the normal rate. In the end, companies would have fewer overworked and error-prone employees for the same money, which would increase company profits. For the country as a whole, one of the primary benefits of offering this option to employees is that it would reduce unemployment rates.If many full-time employees started working fewer hours, some of their workload would have to be shifted to others. Thus, for every four employees who went on an 80 percent week, a new employee could be hired at the 80 percent rate. Finally, the option of a four-day workweek would be better for individual employees. Employees who could afford a lower salary in exchange for more free time could improve the quality of their lives by spending the extra time with their families, pursuing private interests, or enjoying leisure activities.中文解析：在美国，职员一般执行的一周五天，每天八小时工作制。
2020年11月8日托福阅读真题
2020年11月8日托福阅读真题机经词汇：prerequisite=requirementconsiderable=significantderive=obtainmean=averageaccount for =explaindiscrepancy=inconsistencestriking=noteworthy第一篇考生回忆：早期的太阳并没有现在如此的光亮，这个光亮的过程是渐进的。
所以早期的地球应该会很冷，但是却会有液态水。
这是为何?随着太阳光的越来越强烈，地球大气形成一个自动适合的气候，主要是因为温室效应，吸收了阳光的反射。
也有人提出这同时也得益于植物的光合作用，能够释放温室气体的CO2。
但是科学家对于这种机制对于地球的影响水准保持怀疑。
后面提出了反驳。
第二篇考生回忆：有机化学和无机化学。
在1810之前化学并不分有机和无机，是按照动物和植物来区分的。
但是后来却分了。
后来还说科学家研究无机物更容易，因为很容易提纯，所以更容易成功。
举了硫的例子。
对比之下，有机物提纯起来麻烦，然后开始阐述各种原因。
其中一个是有机物比较复杂。
还有一个是某种提纯方法不好控制。
还有一个就是科学家找的物质越来越复杂，不再是当初寻找脂肪(fat)之类相对纯净的东西了。
第三篇考生回忆：十四世纪欧洲经济的衰退。
讨论的是导致起倒退的原因。
第一个原因是气候变冷，虽然冷了不多，但是对农作物的损害确实致命的。
农业大量减产，畜牧业当然也不济，农民所以普遍生活困苦，交不起租，地主家也没有余粮了。
农业经济不好，只好依靠对外商业。
雪上加霜的是此时拜占庭帝国衰落了，引起欧洲与亚洲的贸易也大幅衰减，被迫向大西洋和非洲发展贸易。
后来也讨论了农业的设备落后，依然吃11世纪的老本，导致生产率的提升无法满足日益增长的人口需求。
金融体系也出现崩坏。
托福TPO1独立写作题目文本+满分范文
¡¡¡¡ÎªÁË°ïÖú´ó¼Ò¸ßЧ±¸¿¼Íи££¬Îª´ó¼Ò´øÀ´Íи£TPO1¶ÀÁ¢Ð´×÷ÌâÄ¿Îı¾+Âú·Ö·¶ÎÄ£¬Ï£Íû¶Ô´ó¼Ò±¸¿¼ÓÐËù°ïÖú¡£¡¡¡¡Íи£TPO1¶ÀÁ¢Ð´×÷ÌâÄ¿Ô-ÎÄ£º¡¡¡¡Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? At universities and colleges, sports and social activities are just as important as classes and libraries and should receive equal financial support. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.¡¡¡¡Íи£TPO1¶ÀÁ¢Ð´×÷Âú·Ö·¶ÎÄ1£º¡¡¡¡As people regard education as an essential part of life more and more, where the educational budgets should be devoted to rises to a hot topic. Some people hold the view that money is supposed to be put into classes and libraries, while others believe that an equal amount of financial support should be given to sports and social activities at universities and colleges. From my perspective, sports and social activities make a complete campus life together with classes and libraries, so I firmly agree with the statement. First of all, playing sports makes a person healthy and energetic to face the future challenges. It can be seen everywhere that more and more students wear glasses, and too much reading along with facing computers for a long time makes it even worse. Then they may suffer from eye problems or other physical diseases. The only way of improving this case is to encourage them to take some time relaxing in sports. Furthermore, playing a ball game together is the best method to promote teamwork spirit. After a period of playing together, members will develop a way to solve problems and achieve their common goal. Therefore, sports strengthen one's body as well as enhance the spirit of teamwork. Besides, social activities can help foster abilities that students cannot gain during classes or self-studying. Though being smart and diligent, some students are called pedants because of not being able to exchange ideas with others freely. Only if a person is equipped with knowledge and is capable of expressing it can he become competent. So, it is significant for them to take part in social activities with the aim of lifting their communication skills. When pedants are forced to talking with others, it's a great chance for them to make new friends and express their thoughts, which may be an opportunity for their future career. Last but not the least is that the places provided for sports and social activities are in need of money. It is common that the school will spend a large sum of money to purchase updated books and facilities to fulfill the requirements of classes and libraries. However, finding a suitable place to play sports or hold social activities is always hard. Take my university as an example, if I want to read a book, I can easily find a seat in the library, but if I want to run for half an hour, the crowded gym will just turn me into a upset mood. Then, requiring the same amount of financial support to ameliorate the condition is just reasonable. In a nutshell, financial support should be contributed to sports and social activities just like classes and libraries, for they help with strengthening bodies, making progress incommunication skills and they are in shortage of fund.¡¡¡¡Íи£TPO1¶ÀÁ¢Ð´×÷Âú·Ö·¶ÎÄ2£º¡¡¡¡Some people claim that universities and colleges should not spend a great deal of money on sports and social activities, as their budgets should prioritize classes and libraries. However, as educational institutions, universities and colleges have an obligation to provide a wide range of knowledge to their students to help them develop academically and socially. An increasing number of businesses have high demand for people who are not only specialists in their fields, but also skilled in social interaction. With the ever changing science and technology, no task can be fulfilled by a single person and given the need for collaboration, social skills and team spirit are indispensable qualities for success. Clearly, sports and social activities in universities and colleges provide students with the perfect settings to practice their social skills. By playing football in a team or joining in a contest, for instance, students can develop a sense of belonging and experience team spirit, both of which are quite essential for their future careers. Aside from fostering social skills and team spirit, sports and social activities can greatly help students release their pressures. Nowadays, students not only have to finish all the tasks assigned by teachers, but also have to attend many extra-curricular training courses. Even the most enthusiastic people feel tired and exhausted if they keep this busy schedule for a pretty long time. For example, when I was in high school, I would play basketball with my classmates. I could always get good refreshment and resume schoolwork with higher efficiency later on. Admittedly, academic education will always be at the heart of a university. In universities, sports and social activities should by no means take the place of a focus on academic study. However, what I believe is that universities and colleges are supposed to invest in academics as well as sports and social activities. For instance, in the United States, almost all famous universities have plenty of sports teams and social groups, and universities provide adequate financial support for these events. Both of these fields are highly valued. For these reasons, I maintain that universities and colleges should spend enough money on academic education and social movements to prepare students for their future development.¡¡¡¡ÒÔÉÏÊǸø´ó¼ÒÕûÀíµÄÍи£TPO1¶ÀÁ¢Ð´×÷ÌâÄ¿Îı¾+Âú·Ö·¶ÎÄ£¬Ï£Íû¶ÔÄãÓÐËù°ïÖú!。
托福(写作)历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析)
托福（写作）历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.jpg /> Question Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on points made in the reading passage.正确答案：The reading passage takes a skeptical approach to the authenticity of the famous “Maine penny”found at an ancient Native American excavation known as the Goddard site, and argues that any claim of this coin being a Viking relic is false. The professor disagrees entirely, and counters each argument against the coin’s legitimacy. First, the reading points out that no other coin like this was ever found anywhere near the site in Maine. In fact, it was probably brought there by Native American trade many years later. The professor rebuts that just because no other coins like this have been found does not mean Vikings were not in the area. He describes their world travels and various proven trips they made to North America at that time. The next problem, according to the reading, is that if this penny was really brought by Vikings, why have no others of its type been discovered anywhere north or west of Iceland? The professor’s answer is that the coins were far too valuable to the Vikings, even treasured as highly as gold. The Vikings probably took most of the coins back with them when they returned home. Finally, the author cites that Kolbjorn Skaare of the University of Oslo determined the coin was circulated in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. However, Native Americans at the time had no concept of money or the value of silver coins. Therefore, there would have been no reason for the Vikings to bring silver coins to America. However, the professor says that even though the natives did not use silver coins as currency, they still loved the shining, attractive quality of silver, and some evidence even suggests they used this coin as a necklace or pendant.解析：针对著名的“缅因硬币”，阅读文章认为这枚硬币不可能是维京人带到美国的。
11.8号托福阅读真题答案解析
11.8号托福阅读真题答案解析本文关于2017年11月18日阅读真题回忆，有利于考生备考复习。
让我们回忆一下最近考试的内容：环境类，生物类，词汇题等，请考生们要认真的阅读哦，来店铺会给你不一样的精彩内容，店铺会在考试后第一时间更新。
11.8号托福阅读答案解析阅读部分考试回忆如下：1. Preventing Overgrowth among Tree Branchesshedding剪枝的意义。
一个是因为有些树枝消耗掉的碳物质比生产的多，另一个原因是有时候气候很干，剪枝减少水的消耗。
词汇题补充：exposed = unprotectedwith no warning = without any indication beforehandcongestion = overcrowding2. Crown of Thorns Starfish and Coral Reefs冠状棘海星，话题重复2011.01.08珊瑚的消失和一种海星的数量猛增有关系，主要说的是导致猛增的原因(环境+人)词汇题补充：outbreak = sudden increaseaccompany = occur along withconverge = come togetherseverity = seriousness原题重现：The crown of thorns starfish, Acanthaster Tlanci, is large, twenty-five to thirty-five centimeters in diameter, and has seven to twenty-one arms that are covered in spines. It feeds primarily on coral and is found from the Indian Ocean to the west coast of Central America, usually at quite low population densities. Sincethe mid-1950s, population outbreaks at densities four to six times greater than normal have occurred at the same time in places such as Hawaii, Tahiti, Panama, and the Great Barrier Reef. The result has often been the loss of a fifty percent to nearly one hundred percent of the coral cover over large areas.A single Acanthaster can consume five to six square meters of coral polyps per year, and dense populations can destroy up to six square kilometers per year and move on rapidly. Acanthasters show a preference for branching corals, especially Acroporids. After an outbreak in a particular area, it is common to find that Acroporids have been selectively removed, leaving a mosaic of living and dead corals. In places where Acroporids previously dominated the community devastation can be almost complete, and local areas of reefs have collapsed.Areas of dead coral are usually colonized rapidly by algae and often are later colonized by sponges and soft corals. Increases in abundance of plant-eating fish and decreases in abundance of coral-feeding fish accompany these changes. Coral larvae settle among the algae and eventually establish flourishing coral colonies. In ten to fifteen years the reefs often return to about the same percentage of coral cover as before. Development of a four-species diversity takes about twenty years.Two schools of thought exist concerning the cause of these outbreaks. One group holds that they are natural phenomena that have occurred many times in the past, citing old men's recollections of earlier outbreaks and evidence from traditional cultures. The other group maintains that recent human activities ranging from physical coral destruction through pollution to predator removal have triggered these events.One theory, the adult aggregation hypothesis, maintains thatmost species is more abundant than we realize when a storm destroys coral and causes a food shortage. The adult Acanthasters converge on remaining portions of healthy coral and feed hungrily. Certainly there have been outbreaks of Acanthaster following large storms, but there is little evidence that the storms have caused the enough reef damage to create a food shortage for these starfish.Two other hypotheses attempt to explain the increased abundance of Acanthaster after episodes of high terrestrial runoff following storms. The first hypothesis is that low salinity and high temperatures favor the survival of the starfish larvae. The second hypothesis emphasizes the food web aspect, suggesting that strong fresh water runoff brings additional nutrients to the coastal waters, stimulating phytoplankton production and promoting more rapid development and better survival of the starfish larvae.Those favoring anthropogenic (human influenced) causes have pointed to the large proportion of outbreaks that have been near centers of human populations. It has been suggested that coral polyps are the main predators of the starfish larvae. Destruction of coral by blasting and other bad land use practices would reduce predation on the starfish larvae and cause a feedback in which increases in Acanthaster populations cause still further coral destruction. Unfortunately, there are too few documented instances of physical destruction of coral being followed by outbreaks of Acanthaster for these hypotheses to be fully supported.Another group of hypothesis focuses on removal of Acanthaster's predators. Some have suggested that the predators might have been killed off by pollution whereas othershave suggested that the harvesting of vertebrate and invertebrate predators of Acanthaster could have reduced mortality and caused increased abundance of adults. The problem with this group of hypothesis is that it is difficult to understand how reduced predation would lead to sudden increases in Acanthaster numbers in several places at the same time in specific years. It seems probable that there is no single explanation but that there are elements of the truth in several of the hypotheses. That is there are natural processes that have led to outbreaks in the past, but human impact has increased the frequency and severity of the outbreaks.3.Dorset Culture格林兰岛Dorset Culture的起源，首先是由于气候变冷，一部分人迁走了，另一部分留下来的人创立了文明。
托福写作真题及解析
托福写作真题及解析2022年托福阅读真题及解析1托福阅读第一篇欧洲人口增加原文回顾：欧洲经济发展相关，工业化和食物的增长促进了人口的增长。
高速城市化：人们开始从乡下往城镇转移，因此带来了工作，生活资料等一系列的变化。
细节讲到了熟练工和普通人的区别，考了两个题。
最后讲到了人口的增加导致人均工资下降的问题。
学习：After a century of virtually no population growth, the countries of Western Europe experienced dramatic population increases between 1750 and 1800. Many countries doubled in size. In some countries, the growth continued through the nineteenth century. The population of Great Britain, for instance, doubled between 1750 and 1800 and then tripled between 1800 and 1900.There were several reasons for the sudden increase. Medical advances and improved hygiene limited the devastation caused by epidemic diseases and plagues. The introduction of new food crops, most notably the potato, provided a better diet for thepoor and reduced the incidence of famine. The combination of greater public order and fewer civil wars meant that life was less hazardous. The net result was a lower death rate and soaring populations.The growing population, with a rising proportion of children to raise and older people to care for, put increased pressure on every aspect of society. Many peasants were no longer able to provide land for their children, who were forced to look for other ways to make their living. Small artisans in the cities suffered similar problems, unable to provide places for their children in their own workshops.The exact relationship between population growth and industrialization is unclear, though the two are clearly intertwined. (Even countries that were late to industrialize shared in the general population increase, and its related problems.) What is clear is that the growth in population increased the demand for both food and manufactured goods and provided an abundance of cheap labor to produce them.托福阅读第二篇非洲铁技术的发展原文回顾：非洲铁的发展，非洲曾经是被殖民的地方，殖民者大量开采非洲的铁矿资源，并且他们在非洲大规模的用铁矿资源冶炼金属，牵扯到起源，谁把铁的技术引进非洲，以及铁技术之后的发展和改变。
精品文档185道ETS托福作文官方真题一[1]
![精品文档185道ETS托福作文官方真题一[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/9e3fe010eefdc8d376ee323a.png)
度米作文汇编之185道ETS托福作文官方真题(一)[1]writing icstopics in the following list may appear in your actual test. you should become familiar with this list before you take the computer-based toefl test. remember that when you take the test you will not have a choice of topics. you must write only on the topic that is assigned to you.185 .you have enough money to purchase either a house or a business. which would you choose to buy? give specific reasons to explain your choice.184 .some students prefer to study alone. others prefer to studywith a group of students. which do you prefer? use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.183. films can tell us a lot about the country where they were made. what have you learned about a country from watching its movies? use specific examples and details to support your response.182. many people have a close relationship with their pets. these people treat their birds, cats, or other animals as members of their family. in your opinion, are such relationships good? why or why not? use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.181. in your country, is there more need for land to be left in its natural condition or is there more need for land to be developed for housing and industry? use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.180. movies are popular all over the world. explain why movies are so popular. use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.179 .what are some of the qualities of a good parent? use specific details and examples to explain your answer.178. the 21st century has begun. what changes do you think this new century will bring? use examples and details in your answer. 177 .a friend of yours has received some money and plans to use all of it either * to go on vacation * to buy a car your friend has asked you for advice. compare your friend's two choices and explain which。
2011年_月新托福写作TASK1考题汇总
3.linchen繁殖期才会释放spore,而每个linchen繁殖期不同步。不可能放出这么多Spore。
12.10
opposeagainst the law that prohibits importing. Buying, selling the non-native species in U.S
3.非本土物种可能不会造成威胁，比如Belgian rabbits are nonnative，but it will not establish in the northeast of U.S because the weather is really cold
听力：本土物种会造成威胁,破坏当地物种。Belgian rabbits carryMyxoma kill a lot of native animals and kill almost 99% of native rabbits.
1, people fear that their pets will be taken away by authorities
听力：法律禁止买卖，但不会拿走人们现在的宠物。现在的宠物是国内的，不在禁止范围。E.g. one person has tropical fish; the fish will not be taken away, but the owner cannot buy the non-native tropical fish in the future
2. It is expensive to implement the law because government has tospend a lot on the study of nonnative animals
托福tpo1范文(优选11篇)
托福tpo1范文(优选11篇)I agree with the statement that it is more vital for our individuals to learn ideas than those specific facts. Although some people claims, Learning new things or doing scientific research without facts or specific knowledge can be very difficult, thus students should stick to facts rather than concepts. However, those people haven't noticed all facts or knowledge are based on concepts raised by human. Thus, putting concepts aside isn't a wise choice. There are several specific reasons.First of all, We have been learning facts from texts books all the day since primary school, but seldom of us ask "why''. Basically, nobody cares because teacher or the whole education system stress too much on facts. As we all know, facts genesis from ideas and concepts. Before doing something, we'd better build a concept, or a more specific plan for what we are going to do next. Only in this way can we had everything under control. It is the same for students or scientists. For instance, Newton probably did not know the whole facts or the theory about G Force at all before he finished his research. But newton must have realized that the existence of a special force, thus a concept came into his mind. Then, all have to do is follow the concepts and start his science research. In a word, we should study ideas and concepts first and it will lead us to facts in the end.托福tpo1范文第9篇Now listen to two students discussing the opinion expressed in the letter.(man) Did you see Paul’s letter in the paper about the new sculpture?(woman) Yeah, but it was totally unconvincing. His reasons for opposing the plan are just totally o ff. I am glad that we’ll finally have some nice art on campus. I’d like to shake the donor ’s hand and say “thank you.”(man) What do you mean the donor?(woman) You didn't know? An anonymous donor is paying the bill for most of the sculpture.(man) Not the university?(woman) No! His assumptions about who’s paying are all wrong!(man) Still, I wonder if he has a point about the space it’ll take up?(woman) Well, you know why Paul is upset. He an d his friends are always out there on the lawn right where the sculpture will be, kicking around the soccer ball. Now they’ll just have to use another part of the campus to play.(man) Oh! So he just doesn't want to have to move.(woman) Yeah! For him, it’s sculpture versus convenience.托福tpo1范文第10篇Some people believe that television has had a positive influence onsociety. Others believe it has had a negative influence on society. Which do you agree with and why? Use details and examples to explain your opinion.托福tpo1范文第11篇TPO1-30 独L写作题目汇总注：1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement均简化为agree or disagree;2.末句Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 均已删掉。
11.8号托福阅读真题答案解析
11.8号托福阅读真题答案解析本文关于20XX年11月18日阅读真题回忆，有利于考生备考。
让我们回忆一下最近考试的内容：环境类，类，词汇题等，请考生们要认真的阅读哦，来学识网会给你不一样的精彩内容，学识网会在考试后第一时间更新。
11.8号托福解析阅读部分考试回忆如下：1. Preventing Overgrowth among Tree Branchesshedding剪枝的意义。
一个是因为有些树枝消耗掉的碳物质比生产的多，另一个原因是有时候气候很干，剪枝减少水的消耗。
词汇题补充：exposed = unprotectedwith no warning = without any indication beforehandcongestion = overcrowding2. Crown of Thorns Starfish and Coral Reefs冠状棘海星，话题重复20XX.01.08珊瑚的消失和一种海星的数量猛增有关系，主要说的是导致猛增的原因(环境+人)词汇题补充：outbreak = sudden increaseaccompany = occur along withconverge = come togetherseverity = seriousness原题重现：The crown of thorns starfish, Acanthaster Tlanci, is large, twenty-five to thirty-five centimeters in diameter, and has seven to twenty-one arms that are covered in spines. It feeds primarily on coral and is found from the Indian Ocean to the west coast of Central America, usually at quite low population densities. Since the mid-1950s, population outbreaks at densitiesfour to six times greater than normal have occurred at the same time in places such as Hawaii, Tahiti, Panama, and the Great Barrier Reef. The result has often been the loss of a fifty percent to nearly one hundred percent of the coral cover over large areas.A single Acanthaster can consume five to six square meters of coral polyps per year, and dense populations can destroy up to six square kilometers per year and move on rapidly. Acanthasters show a preference for branching corals, especially Acroporids. After an outbreak in a particular area, it is common to find that Acroporids have been selectively removed, leaving a mosaic of living and dead corals. In places where Acroporids previously dominated the community devastation can be almost complete, and local areas of reefs have collapsed.Areas of dead coral are usually colonized rapidly by algae and often are later colonized by sponges and soft corals. Increases in abundance of plant-eating fish and decreases in abundance of coral-feeding fish accompany these changes. Coral larvae settle among the algae and eventually establish flourishing coral colonies. In ten to fifteen years the reefs often return to about the same percentage of coral cover as before. Development of a four-species diversity takes about twenty years.Two schools of thought exist concerning the cause of these outbreaks. One group holds that they are natural phenomena that have occurred many times in the past, citing old men's recollections of earlier outbreaks and evidence from traditional cultures. The other group maintains that recent human activities ranging from physical coral destruction through pollution to predator removal have triggered these events.One theory, the adult aggregation hypothesis, maintains that most species is more abundant than we realize when a storm destroys coral and causes a food shortage. The adult Acanthasters converge on remaining portions of healthy coral and feed hungrily. Certainly there have been outbreaks of Acanthaster following large storms, but there is little evidence that the storms have caused the enough reef damage to create a food shortage for these starfish.Two other hypotheses attempt to explain the increased abundance of Acanthaster after episodes of high terrestrial runoff following storms. The first hypothesis is that low salinity and high temperatures favor the survival of the starfish larvae. The second hypothesis emphasizes thefood web aspect, suggesting that strong fresh water runoff brings additional nutrients to the coastal waters, stimulating phytoplankton production and promoting more rapid development and better survival of the starfish larvae.Those favoring anthropogenic (human influenced) causes have pointed to the large proportion of outbreaks that have been near centers of human populations. It has been suggested that coral polyps are the main predators of the starfish larvae. Destruction of coral by blasting and other bad land use practices would reduce predation on the starfish larvae and cause a feedback in which increases in Acanthaster populations cause still further coral destruction. Unfortunately, there are too few documented instances of physical destruction of coral being followed by outbreaks of Acanthaster for these hypotheses to be fully supported.Another group of hypothesis focuses on removal of Acanthaster's predators. Some have suggested that the predators might have been killed off by pollution whereas others have suggested that the harvesting of vertebrate and invertebrate predators of Acanthaster could have reduced mortality and caused increased abundance of adults. The problem with this group of hypothesis is that it is difficult to understand how reduced predation would lead to sudden increases in Acanthaster numbers in several places at the same time in specific years. It seems probable that there is no single explanation but that there are elements of the truth in several of the hypotheses. That is there are natural processes that have led to outbreaks in the past, but human impact has increased the frequency and severity of the outbreaks.3.Dorset Culture格林兰岛Dorset Culture的起源，首先是由于气候变冷，一部分人迁走了，另一部分留下来的人创立了文明。
11月8日托福口语真题第一套题
2014年11月08日托福口语真题第一套题智课网整理Task 1: Talk about the most important characteristics of a good apartment or house. Explain your answer in details.SampleI think a good apartment must have the following characteristics. First, it must be clean and well managed. This is important, because hundreds of families live in the same building. The place can be easily infested with pests if no one spends the time and energy to keep it clean. I used to live in a place that had bug problems. It’s horrible seeing cockroaches running across the kitchen floor. Second, a good apartment or house must be located at a safe neighborhood. I’d like to be able to sleep in a nice and peaceful environment at night without worrying about getting robbed.Task 2: When spending time with friends, some people prefer going to concerts, others prefer going to movies. Which do you prefer?SampleI like watching movies with my friends for the following reasons. First, movies are inexpensive. For around ten dollars, you get a good two-hour worth of entertainment. Even if you buy popcorns and soda with the tickets, the cost is still not that bad. On the other hand, concert tickets sometimes reach as high as a hundred dollars. It’s far less affordable, especially for students. Second, going to concerts is a pain in the neck. You have to spend so much time looking for a parking space nearby, if you’re lucky. Then you have to walk to the stadium, look for the seat, only to find out you’re sitting so far away from the stage that you can’t even s ee the band.2014年11月08日大陆BTask 1: Your city is planning to spend more budget on one of the following three projects, which do you think is the most important. Expending tourism, building city parks, improving the public transportation system.SampleI think my city should spend some money on building city parks. First, I live in Beijing. The city is filled with people, cars, buildings and roads. It so crowded and packed. If there’re more parks, people will have somewhere to go during weekends to relax and exercise. Second, parks are full of trees and plants. They are good for the environment. As we know plants reduce air pollution. And they are pleasing to look at. Parks can also provide children with a safe space to play. Children need to socialize. A closed environment such as a park is the perfect place to do so.Task 2: Some people prefer to get high paying jobs that are far away from their hometown. Others prefer jobs with average pay but closer to their homes. Which do you think is better?SampleI prefer to work close to home with an average pay for the following reasons. First, Being closer to family and friend is nice. It’s easier for us to get together every week. When any of us gets sick or needs help, we can take care of each other without much difficulty. For example, my parents can help me look after my dogs when I’m too busy working. Second, an average salary isn’t a bad thing. I don’t need a big house or fancy car to feel good about myself. I don’t need a new iPhone every time they make one to feel whole. I’m good as long as my salary can cover the basic of my needs such as food and shelter.T31.Reading: The school will punish students who don’t throwtrash in trash cans.The woman agrees.Reason: His hometown was dirty. With this new policy, his hometown became clean. In this way, school doesn’t need to hire cleaners.2.Reading: school will invite a business leader to give a speechon graduation ceremony.The woman disagrees.Reason1: A lot of schools have done so. It’s better to invite a professor to give a speech.Reason2: Business program is a large program where has a lot of similar speeches.T41.Lecture: a family spent weekend at home. The father suggested to go to the downtown and have dinner. His wife and daughter took his advice and went to downtown in order not to disappoint him, but they didn’t have a good time. Then, everyone said their real thinking.2.Term: Impassion managementLecture:Example 1: When a student gives a presentation, the student will be well dressed to make others think that they are serious and well prepared.Example 2: The professor once gave a ride to the president of the United States. He did not know that’s president in the first place. After known that, he washed his car, and turned on classical music, although he did not like classical music.Task 51.The man will help the chemical professor to finish a research,but there’s no pay.Solution 1: He can take another job, but he needs to work for a whole day.Solution2: He can share the internship with others, but he worried that may not learn a lot。
11月8日新托福阅读考题回顾
11月8日新托福阅读考题回顾考试日期2009.11.8Passage 1Title:fungi和plant根部的共生关系大致内容关于真菌与植物的共生关系。
历史上的误区一直认为真菌都是有害的，原因是案例都是针对危害植物的。
德国植物学家，某某教授，因黑块菌的经济价值（考点），应德国政府的要求，在针对德国黑块菌的研究时发现——真菌与橡树的根系均有共赢关系。
真菌分解某些植物残渣而得到养分、矿物质，其中一部分分给植物所用；另一方面植物的光合作用的部分养分转给真菌。
同时这些关系在针叶树中也有发现——在贫瘠的地方尤为重要，因为真菌可以吸收更广泛的矿物质有益于共生关系的植物（考点），所以共生关系是有益的——补充相关生物知识的不足。
Passage 2Title:恐龙和鸟的相似形比较大致内容恐龙和鸟在很多方面相似。
第一，有羽毛恐龙化石被发现，第二，恐龙下蛋，并且会孵化。
第三，恐龙的体积增长迅速，这个只见于温血动物，类似于鸟。
有一种恐龙以前人们以为它偷蛋，但是后来发现其实它不过是在像鸟一样孵化蛋。
Passage 3Title:古希腊的马的雕塑的发展演变大致内容1200BC－900BC，地中海地区雕像的主题主要是马，一般是宗教所用（考点）。
但是雕像较小且用陶瓷做成，后在800BC以后用铜为主。
早期造型与陶瓷阶段类似，很简单，只是从颈部就能辨认出是马（考点）。
随着时间推移，工艺进化（考点），在罗马期间因为马不是经济动物（牛），其主要用途是运输和战争（考点）。
作为宗教图腾，马主要表明马主人借着马的宗教意义在战争中获得保佑（考点）。
点评：经典加试：bird song 鸟类鸣唱和电报在美国和欧洲的发展史本次考试题目与2008.6.21北美考试题目完全相同。
官方真题TPO1托福独立写作题目文本+满分范文
官方真题TPO1托福独立写作题目文本+满分范文现在大家在进行托福备考时官方真题Official托福模考软件相信是大家用的最多的工具了，对于托福成绩的提升是非常有帮助的。
托福听力可以说是整个托福考试当中比较重要的一个部分，如何利用现有资料官方真题Official模考软件来提升大家的托福成绩呢?今天小编在这里整理了官方真题Official1托福独立写作题目文本+满分范文来分享给大家，希望对大家托福备考有帮助。
官方真题TPO1托福独立写作题目文本+满分范文官方真题Official1托福独立写作题目原文：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? At universities and colleges, sports and social activities are just as important as classes and libraries and should receive equal financial support. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.官方真题Official1托福独立写作满分范文1：As people regard education as an essential part of life more and more, where the educational budgets should be devoted to rises to a hot topic. Some people hold the view that money is supposed to be put into classes and libraries, while others believe that an equal amount of financial support should be given to sports and social activities at universities and colleges. From my perspective, sports and social activities make a complete campus life together with classes and libraries, so I firmly agree with the statement. First of all, playing sports makes a person healthy and energetic to face the future challenges. It can be seen everywhere that more and more students wear glasses, and too much reading along with facing computers for a long time makes it even worse. Then they may suffer from eye problems or other physical diseases. The only way of improving this case is toencourage them to take some time relaxing in sports. Furthermore, playing a ball game together is the best method to promote teamwork spirit. After a period of playing together, members will develop a way to solve problems and achieve their common goal. Therefore, sports strengthen one's body as well as enhance the spirit of teamwork. Besides, social activities can help foster abilities that students cannot gain during classes or self-studying. Though being smart and diligent, some students are called pedants because of not being able to exchange ideas with others freely. Only if a person is equipped with knowledge and is capable of expressing it can he become competent. So, it is significant for them to take part in social activities with the aim of lifting their communication skills. When pedants are forced to talking with others, it's a great chance for them to make new friends and express their thoughts, which may be an opportunity for their future career. Last but not the least is that the places provided for sports and social activities are in need of money. It is common that the school will spend a large sum of money to purchase updated books and facilities to fulfill the requirements of classes and libraries. However, finding a suitable place to play sports or hold social activities is always hard. Take my university as an example, if I want to read a book, I can easily find a seat in the library, but if I want to run for half an hour, the crowded gym will just turn me into a upset mood. Then, requiring the same amount of financial support to ameliorate the condition is just reasonable. In a nutshell, financial support should be contributed to sports and social activities just like classes and libraries, for they help with strengthening bodies, making progress in communication skills and they are in shortage of fund.官方真题Official1托福独立写作满分范文2：Some people claim that universities and colleges should not spend a great deal of money on sports and social activities, as their budgets should prioritize classes and libraries. However, as educational institutions, universities and colleges have an obligation to provide a wide range of knowledge to their students to help them develop academically and socially. An increasing number of businesses have high demand for people who are not only specialists in their fields, but also skilled in social interaction. With the ever changing science and technology, no task can be fulfilled by a single person and given the need for collaboration, social skills and team spirit are indispensable qualities for success. Clearly, sports and social activities in universities and colleges provide students with the perfect settings to practice their social skills. By playing football in a team or joining in a contest, for instance, students can develop a sense of belonging and experience team spirit, both of which are quite essential for their future careers. Aside from fostering social skills and team spirit, sports and social activities can greatly help students release their pressures. Nowadays, students not only have to finish all the tasks assigned by teachers, but also have to attend many extra-curricular training courses. Even the most enthusiastic people feel tired and exhausted if they keep this busy schedule for a pretty long time. For example, when I was in high school, I would play basketball with my classmates. I could always get good refreshment and resume schoolwork with higher efficiency later on. Admittedly, academic education will always be at the heart of a university. In universities, sports and social activities should by no means take the place of a focus on academic study. However, what I believe is that universities and colleges are supposed to invest in academics as well as sportsand social activities. For instance, in the United States, almost all famous universities have plenty of sports teams and social groups, and universities provide adequate financial support for these events. Both of these fields are highly valued. For these reasons, I maintain that universities and colleges should spend enough money on academic education and social movements to prepare students for their future development.如何提高托福写作速度?一、打字速度作为互联网的一代，绝大部分考生对键盘应当是相当熟悉对，并且用中文打字的速度也是十分的快速，但是为什么偏偏英文就不行呢?答案很简单，大家熟悉的是中文拼音的排列组合。
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2014年11月8日托福写作真题第一套题智课网整理A卷综合写作：独立写作：Do you agree or disagree with the statement: Nowadays it is not important for people to have regularly family meals together.In the 21st century, there has been dramatic improvement in diverse aspects of people’s lives. However, people are becoming increasingly busy and sometimes are overwhelmed by endless work or study. As a result, less time is devoted into families and people no longer have meals regularly with family members. In my opinion, this is totally mistaken and it is significant for people to eat with family members regularly despite of the change of time. My reasons are as follows.To begin with, for parents, having regular meals with children can promote parental relationship. Due to people’s busy daily schedules, parents and children te nd to have less conversation nowadays. Children spend most of their time learning in school and playing with peers; adults are occupied with their work and socializing with colleagues. The importance of having family meals is ignored. People forget that time spend at the table can be meaningful. For example, parents can discover the problems that their children struggle with. They can provide guidance or inspire children to find out solution by giving them some nice tips. In this way, children can feel the care and love from parents and parents can know about children’s thoughts. It brings mutual benefits.In addition, for couples, having regular meals can strengthen partners’ relationship. Common sense tells us that as time goes by, passion between lovers decreases. The lack of communication can also result in marriage problems or even serious crises. By spending some quality time with our beloved companion at meal table we can listen and understand each other better. Ensuring at least one meal with our part ners a day shows one’s care and how much we value the other person in spite of the busy schedule. Willing to make time for someone is a great way to demonstrate love.Lastly, for children, it is of great significance to have regular meals with our aging parents. Young people today are busy with their own work and personal life and they often neglect the feelings of the elders. Some may give money regularly to the elder instead of going home to accompany them because they think financial means is a good way to show their love and care. However, according to a survey conducted by Beijing Normal University, after polling tens of thousands of old people, the top priority of their wishes is expecting their sons and daughters to go home regularly and have regular meals with them. The survey also indicates that the elders who are regularly accompanied by their family members tend to live longer and happier.All in all, considering the essential role that regular eating with families plays on children, companion and the elder, I insist that it is still of great importance for people to eat with families regularly nowadays.11月08日托福考试写作机经B卷综合写作：独立写作：Do you agree or disagree with the statement: Getting advice from friends who are older than you is more valuable than getting advice from friends of your own age.Everyone needs advice at times, and most people ask their peers for help. However, with age comes a greater variety of life experiences, which give one the wisdom and ability to see things in perspective. Therefore, it is far better to receive advice from friends who are older than you than from peers.First, older friends have more real-world experience, so their advice has greater value. They can indeed give important advice on situations you have not experienced. For example, when deciding what college to attend, my older brother asked his friend in college where he should study. His friend said he should think about the financial aspects, so he suggested finding an inexpensive college where my brother could also get a scholarship. Thanks to his older friend’s advice, my brother could be saved from having a heavy student debt in the future.Additionally, older people have made mistakes, so they can help their younger friends avoid the same ones. It is often best to ask older friends for their opinion before making a big decision. One time, when I had a choice between playing baseball for the summer and going to a camp for three weeks, I asked my older friend for help. He said they play baseball at summer camp and I would be sad if I did not go there. Once in the past, he had decided not to go to camp and had joined a soccer club instead. All of his friends had a great time at camp while he was miserable playing soccer without them. His mistake helped me avoid making one myself.Finally, older friends have more experience dealing with relationships, so they know how to deal with others very well. You can always expect an older person to have a past experience similar to a situation you are experiencing. My girlfriend was mad at me a while ago, but I was too afraid to ask her why. My older friend said that I should ask her directly and that she would tell me if she really liked me. Everything worked out fine thanks to my friend’s advice. Older people definitely know more about relationships than younger people do.All in all, the best advice comes from people older than you because they have more experience, can tell you about what mistakes to avoid, and know more about personal relationships. lf you ever need advice, just ask someone older what to do.。