2019高考-备考周阅读十一
2019年高考语文试题(全国3卷)含答案精解版
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文（全国3卷）注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。
传统表演艺术是我国非物质文化遗产的重要组成部分，同时也是一-座蘊藏丰富、有待进一步开发利用的民族民间艺术资源宝库。
经过十几年的努力，一些传统表演艺术项目已走出困境，呈现出新的生机与活力，但仍有一些项目面临着不容忽视的新问题。
传统表演艺术与普通民众生活息息相关，其表演通赏具有群体性特征：无论侗族大歌还是壮族山歌，人人都可展示歌喉；无论汉族的秧歌，还是藏民的锅庄，民众欢乐起舞的场面都蔚为大观。
对这类非物质文化遗产的保护就要坚持其生活性、群体性，而不应仅局限在艺术团体或演出以等小范围内。
广大民众为庆贸丰收、祭祖敬神、禳灾祈福而载歌载舞的即兴表演，寄托着他们深沉的精神追求和丰富情感。
使传统表演艺术“雅化”，国然能彭显各类民族民间艺术的特色，但也弱化了传统表演艺术的民俗文化内涵。
当然，各类民间表演艺术经过充分提炼和艺术升华，进而搬上舞台，其成功之作会对此类非物质文化遗产的传播起到促进作用。
如春晚舞台上，藏族舞蹈《飞弦踏春》、蒙古族舞路《吉祥项》等都曾大放异彩。
然而，在对民间表演艺术进行再创作的过程中，有些实施者没有坚持本真性的原则，并一些传统艺术改编得面目。
比如，有些人在改造民乐时套用西方音乐端排方式，被改骗的作品便失了自身的魂魄。
因此，对民族民同传统艺术进行“二度创作”，应既不失其本真的艺术特性，适应民众新的审美需求。
要做到这一点就需要编导们深法民同地融入现代元素，行实地调研、采风，挖掘出民间艺术的基本元素与本质精神。
2019年高考英语阅读理解一轮练11含解析
2019年高考英语阅读理解一轮练（十一）李仕才AOPENINGS AND PREVIEWSAntlia PneumaticaIn a new play by Anne Washburn, directed by Ken Rus Schmoll, a group of estranged friends gather at a Texas farm house to bury one of their peers. (Peter Jay Sharp, 416 W. 42nd St. 212-279-4200. In previews.)Bright StarSteve Martin and Edie Brickell wrote this bluegrass-and-Americana musical, in which a magazine editor meets a soldier returning from the Second World War. Walter Bobbie directs. (Cort, 138 W. 48th St. 212-239-6200. In previews.)The CrucibleIvo van Hove directs Arthur Miller’s classic drama about the Salem witch trials, starring Saoirse Ronan, Ben Whishaw, Ciaran Hinds, and Sophie Okonedo. (Walter Kerr, 219 W. 48th St. 212-239-6200. In previews.)Dry PowderJohn Kra sinski, Claire Danes, and Hank Azaria star in Sarah Burgess’s play, in which an executive at a private-equity firm (私人股本公司) tries to rebound from a P.R. disaster. Thomas Kail directs. (Public, 425 LafayetteSt. 212-967-7555. In previews. Opens Oct. 28, 2017)The FatherFrank Langella stars in a play by the French writer Florian Zeller, translated by Christopher Hampton and directed by Doug Hughes for Manhattan Theatre Club, about an eighty-year-old man who is losing his grip on his own life story. (Samuel J. Friedman, 261 W. 47th St. 212-239-6200. Previews begin Oct. 28, 2017)1.If you’re interested in American music, where can you get entertained?A. Peter Jay Sharp, 416 W. 42nd St.B. Cort, 138 W. 48th St.C. Walter Kerr, 219 W. 48th St.D. Public, 425 Lafayette St.2.If you want to preview a play now, which of the following is not available?A. Bright StarB. The CrucibleC. Dry PowderD. The Father3.The author’s purpose of writing the passage is to ________ .A. informB. entertainC. persuadeD. describe【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，主要是向读者介绍四部影片。
2019年高考备考之时文与作文素材【名校考试作文解读+优秀作文】第一辑】
2019年高考备考之时文与作文素材1第一周【时文】《流浪地球》，争论意味着更高的期待【编者按】科幻片常常用匪夷所思的虚幻场景、眼花缭乱的电脑特技，给人们带来强烈的视觉冲击和身临其境的心灵震撼，有时可以激发人们对于未来世界的无限期待和种种遐想，2019年春节期间上映的国产科幻影片《流浪地球》即为此例。
影片不仅刷新了票房纪录，而且成为了舆论焦点，众说纷纭，褒贬不一。
影片引发争论并非坏事，争论本身就是轰动效应的一种表现形式。
从某种意义上说，文艺作品引发争论就意味着观众更高的期待和好评。
《流浪地球》，争论意味着更高的期待（题目即是论点，具有思辨性。
)①刚刚过去的春节假期里，一部电影不仅引发观影热潮，而且成为舆论焦点。
今天，我们就来聊一聊这部票房已经突破20亿的《流浪地球》。
（开门见山，引出话题。
）②电影一开场，就开启了一个宏大的叙事。
太阳将要发生叫氦闪的剧烈爆炸，人类在地球表面上装满发动机，推动这个星球去往比邻的星系。
电影的故事，正是发生在这一段旅程中。
叛逆少年离家出走，却最终在父辈的感召之下完成成长，几经曲折成为让地球从木星引力中挣脱出来的英雄。
以宇宙为背景的宏大设定，配合上太空场景、灾难景观、工业风格、热血少年，让发生在这样一个舞台上的故事颇具观赏性。
（概述影片情节，突出其与众不同的科幻色彩。
）③然而，在刘慈欣的小说原著中，电影讲述的故事，只是地球路过木星时的几小段文字而已。
小说中这样的设定，也给了“中国科幻”一个宏阔的背景。
设想一下，人类带着地球在宇宙流浪，距离将以4.3光年为计、时间将以2500年为计，一代人都不过是一瞬间，这真可谓是星辰大海的征途，期间该有多少惊心动魄的故事！如果说漫威的宇宙是多时空的超级英雄，星球大战的宇宙是翻版的地球政治，充满幻想的趣味；那么《流浪地球》的宇宙，则是一种时间性的宇宙、发展着的宇宙，更能体现人类的灵长，也更具有科学的色彩。
（比较论证。
与其他同类影片比较论述《流浪地球》这部影片构思的独特之处。
2019届高考英语阅读理解精选细做：饮食与健康类
饮食与健康类1、Good for your health? Socialising with your friends could bum more calories than running on a treadmill (跑步机). Socialising keeps you slim.Keeping a busy social life among lots of friends may keep people slimmer than spending hours on a treadmill, according to scientists. They say that socialising and meeting with friends help high levels of “brown fat” in the body bum calories to generate heat. Living in a stimulating social environment was found to reduce abdominal fat in mice by half over four weeks, even if they ate more.U. S. researchers say that social stimulation aids weight loss by converting white fat into brown. White stores calories andmakes us fatter, while brown bums energy to generate heat. Converting white fat into brown is notoriously difficult, normally requiring long term exposure to cold conditions or activating part of the body's nervous system.However, scientists from Ohio State University now think that having a busy social life is an even more effective way of changing white fat into brown. The team came up with their theory by studying the effects of various living environments on mice. Those who lived alongside a greater number of mice, had more space and toys to stimulate them to lose far more weight over the course of the study than their "couch potato" counterparts.Study author Dr. Matthew During, whose team's findings appear in journal CellMetabolism said,“I’m still amazed at the degree of fat loss that occurs. ” Explaining how new technology had threatened face-to-face socialising,he added,“It’s not just a sedentary (久坐的) lifestyle and high calorie foods,but an increasing lack of social engagement.''Co-author Dr. Lei Cao said, “ Loneliness is a profound factor for cancer and death; it’s on par with cigarette smoking. Social engagement is very important."1.In orde r to keep a charming feature, it’s better to _________.A.live sociallyB.run on a treadmillC.eat lessD.expose to coldness2.Couch potato counterparts refer to _________.A.a greater number of miceB.more space and toysC.those with more weightD.changing white fat to brown3.What do the underlined words “on par with" in Paragraph 6 mean?A.More than.B.Less than.C.At the same level as.D.At higher level than.4.What is the main idea of the passage?A.Socialising keeps you slim.B.Running on a treadmill keeps you slim.C.Turning white fat into brown.D.Living often with mice.2、Recently a study, led by Pedro Hallal of the Federal University, suggests that nearly a third of adults, 31%, are not getting enough exercise. That rates of exercise have declined is hardly a new discovery. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, technology and economic growth have helped to create a world in which taking exercise is more and more an option rather than a necessity. But only recently have enough good data been collected from enough places to carry out the sort of analysis Dr Hallal and his colleagues have engaged in.There are common themes in different places. Unsurprisingly, people in rich countries are less active than those in poor ones, and old people are less active than young ones. Less obviously, women tend to exercise less than men—34% are inactive, compared with 28% of men. But there are exceptions. The women of Croatia,Finland,IraqandLuxembourg, for example, move more than their male countrymen.Maltawins the race for most slothful country, with 72% of adults getting too little exercise, andSwazilandandSaudi Arabiaare in close behind, with 69%. InBangladesh, just 5% of adults fail to exercise enough. Surprisingly, six Americans i n ten are active enough according to Dr Hallal’s study, compared with fewer than four in ten British.These high rates of inactivity are worrying. Human beings seem to have evolved to benefit from exercise while deliberately avoiding it whenever they can. In a state of nature it would be impossible to live a life that did not provide enough of it. But that is no longer the case. Actually lack of enough activity these days has nearly the same effect on life span as smoking.1. We may learn from Paragraph 1 that _________.A.the decline of exercise rates is newly discoveredB.the study suggests 31% of female adults get too little exerciseC.the industrial revolution has changed the way people live to some degreeD.the good enough data has been collected from only one country2.According to the study, women ofLuxembourg_________.A.have little time to exerciseB.hate to get regular exerciseC.take more exercise to lose weightD.exercise more than men in their country3.The underlined word “slothful” in Par agraph 3 most probably means _________.zyB.richC.powerfulD.unpopular4.What can be the best title for the text?A. Benefits of Taking ExerciseB.New Health DiscoveryC.Evolvement of Human BeingsD.Worldwide Lack ofE.nough Exercise3、The World Health Organization report compared the “obesity-related behaviors” for youngsters across 42 nations. And it reveals UK kids are among the laziest.Among teenage girls, the Scots toped the league table for most screen time, with 80 per cent spending at least two hours a day on computers. Wales came fourth with 76 per cent, and Englandseventh with 75 per cent. Girls in Armenia and Albania were least likely to spend hours idling online.Screen time figures for boys were even higher. Wales was second in the European “couch potato” league, with 85 per cent glued to their screens for at least two hours. Scotland was third with 84 per cent, and England 15th with 77 per cent. Boys in Switzerland and Portugal were least likely to dedicate two hours a day to sitting in front of a computer.Lead researcher Dr Jo Inchley, from the University of St Andrews, said social media was impacting on kids' health. She said, “We know there are risks, such as cyber bullying and impact on mental health. Also, there are longer-term impacts on physical health from being sedentary. One of the main challenges is that this kind of activity (social media and computer use) is so much part of young people's lives these days.” She said more needs to be done to get kids moving throughout the day.Dr Steven Mann, research director for UK Active said the findings were “alarming”. He said, “Modern life has changed, but when teens are spending hours hunched over Facebook, Instagram and videogames, they simply aren't getting the exercise that they need. These alarming inactivity figures show that playtime is over before it has started for too many children, putting them at far greater risk of future conditions like heart disease, cancer and type 2 diabetes.”Tam Fry, from the Na tional Obesity Forum, warned Brit teens are now “slaves to hand-held devices”. And the WHO warns four in five fat teens will continue to struggle with their weight throughout life. The report also shows less than half of UK youngsters consume fruit or veg daily.1.What do we know about the “obesity-related behaviors” for youngsters across 42 nations? kids didn't exercise enough.B.Girls spent more time on computers than boys.C.Girls in Wales ranked the first in terms of screen time.D.Only Swiss boys are among the laziest.2.What does the underlined word “sedentary” in Paragraph 4 mean?A.Cyber bullying.puter using.C.Exercising.D.Sitting or little activity.3.What is the main reason for obesity for UK teens?A.Less fruit or veg consuming.B.Too much use of electronic devices.C.Too much playtime.ck of physical education.4.Why are these screen time figures alarming? kids will be beaten.B.All UK kids will suffer from overweight.C.Risk of certain diseases will increase.D.More hand-held devices need to be produced.4、If you are taking vitamin supplements to reduce your risk of heart disease or cancer, a group of health experts want you to know that those vitamins may actually increase your risk of cancer.The US Preventive Services Task Force came to this conclusion after reviewing dozens of studies.Nearly half of adults in theUStake at least one vitamin or mineral supplement on a regular basis. These pills are advertised as a way to promote general health. In some cases, manufacturers promote them as cancer fighters and heart protectors.Studies in animals and in laboratory dishes suggest that oxidative(氧化性的) stress contributes to diseases like cancer and heart disease. If so, there is a reason to believe that antioxidants—including beta-carotene, vitamins A, C, and E—could be useful as preventive medicines.But when the Task Force examined the medic al evidence on vitamins, it found “inadequate(不充分的) evidence” to support the claims that vitamin and mineral supplements benefit healthy adults.“Cardiovascular(心血管的) disease and cancer have a significant health impact in America, and we all want to f ind ways to prevent these diseases,” Dr. Virginia Moyer, who heads the Task Force, said in a statement. But so far, she added, the medical evidence does not show that taking vitamins is helpful in this regard.However, the Task Force did find “adequate evidence” that people with a raised risk for lung cancer actually increase their risk further by taking beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A.The Task Force recommendations of taking vitamins regularly apply to healthy adults aged 50 and older wh o don't have “ special nutritional needs”. The advice does not apply to children, women who are pregnant or may become pregnant, people with chronic illnesses, or people who have to take supplements because they can't get all their essential nutrients from their diet.1.Studies in animals and in laboratory dishes find out________.A.ample evidence that taking vitamins are helpful for treating lung cancerB.cardiovascular disease spreads very fast inAmericaC.oxidative stress can lead to heart disease and cancerD.people must take vitamins on a regular basis2.What can we conclude from Task Force's findings?A.Scientists want to control cardiovascular disease.B.In some regard, taking vitamins is not useful.C.Manufacturers cannot produce medical-use vitamins.D.Vitamins must be useful to prevent cancer and heart disease.3.Who can take vitamins regularly according to the advice of the Task Force?A.A 60-year-old healthy worker.B.A 15-year-old boy with short-sightedness.C.A 34-year-old pregnant lady.D.A 40-year-old man who never eats vegetables or fruits.4.What's the best title for the text?A.An Inside Look at VitaminsB.Task Force: Ending to VitaminsC.Vitamins: To Live or to KillD.Taking Vitamins to Prevent Cancer May Fail5、“All animal products co ntain much more concentrated levels of pesticide residue (杀虫剂残留) than either vegetables or grains. Red meat, chicken and fish contain no beneficial carbohydrates(碳水化合物) ,fiber...“Fish contain far more heavy metals and industrial pollutants than land a nimals...“There is a common misconception that vegetarians have limited food choices. Just the opposite is true. Vegetarians commonly eat a wider variety of foods than most meat eaters.”-------“Vegetarian FAQ”,North American Vegetaria n Society “The more I got educated about creel treatment, it really was a no-brainer to become a vegetarian. You know, no one would barbeque their family dog. You know ,a pig or a chicken isn’t different. They are just as gentle as a dog or a cat...”----Public service announcement, Mike Ness “I’m not a vegetarian because I enjoy eating meat. Meat is nutritious food, and I believe there are ways to eat meat that are in keeping with my environmental and ethical (道德的) values. I don’t make the decision to eat meat lightly. Meat-eating has always been a messy business, shadowed by the shame of killing…“I have a sincere respect for vegetarians. For they have actually done the work of thinking through the consequences of their eating decisions, something most of the rest of us have not done. My own examination of those consequences has led me to the conclusion that eating a small amount of meat from certain kinds of farms is something I can feel good about.”-----“Animal Welfare:FAQ&Useful Links”,Michael Pollan “The centerpiece of a truly healthy diet must be animal foods. That means a large part of meat, seafood, eggs or raw dairy at just about every meal. That is how one recovers from vegetarianism and builds lasting health and strength.”-----“Recovering from Vegetarianism”, Ron Schmid1.Which of the following is mentioned in “Vegetarian FAQ”?A.Fish is better for human health than chicken.B.Vegetarians are much healthier than meat eaters.C.There are more kinds of plant foods than animal foods.D.There is more pesticide in vegetables than in animal products.2.What might Michael Pollan agree with?A.Vegetarians are thoughtful.B.Meat-eating should be forbidden.C.Vegetarians do something unnecessary.D.Meat-eating is helpful for the environment.3.What topic is discussed in the text?A.What are healthy foods?B.How to get the best nutrition.C.Reasons to become vegetarians.D.Should people become vegetarians?6、For years scientists have been worried about the effects of air pollution on the earth’s natural conditions. Some believe the air inside many houses may be more dangerous than the air outside. It may be one hundred times worse.Indoor air pollution can cause a person to feel tired, to suffer eye pain, headache and other problems. Some pollutants(污染物)can cause breathing disorders, diseases of blood and even cancer. Most scientists agree that every modern house has some kind of indoor pollution.People have paid more attention to the problem now. It is said that when builders began making houses and offices they did not waste energy. To do this they built buildings that limited the flow of air between inside and outside. They also began using man-made building materials. These materials are now known to let out harmful gases.As the problem became more serious, scientists began searching for a way to deal with it. They discovered a natural pollution control system for building——green plants. Scientists do not really know how plants control air pollution. They believe that a plant’s leaves a bsorb or take in the pollutants. In exchange the plant lets out oxygen through its leaves and small organizations on its roots. Scientists suggest that all buildings should have one large plant or several small plants inside for every nine square meters of space. Studies of different plants show that each absorbs different chemicals. So the most effective way to clean the air is to use different kinds of plants. Having green plants inside your house can make it a prettier and more healthy place.1.Some kind of indoor pollution can be found in ________.A.all kinds of officesB.every old houseC.all kinds of housesD.every modern house2.The indoor air pollution is caused by ________.A.the man-made building materials and the limit of air-flowB.the building way that the builders want to save energyC.the building things that are made of man-made materialsD.the limit of the flow of air between inside and outside3.The reason why we should use different kinds of plants to clean the air is that ________.A.plants can absorb all kinds of harmful indoor chemicalsB.plants may take in more oxygen which people needC.plants can let out all kinds of pollutants indoorsD.plants can make our houses prettier7、Whenever I hear a recording of John Denver's “Sunshine on My Shoulders’’,I find myself smiling, drawn to a love of sun and the outdoors I've had for years as a Michigan native, walking barefoot around the lake, playing shirtless in the sunlight, and breathing fresh air. As a doctor I can tell you they are also good for your heart.Studies have found higher rates of high blood pressure among people with the lowest. It may be clue to nitric oxide( 一氧化氮),a gas whose function is activated when your skin is exposed to the sun's rays. It reduces both heart attack and stroke risks. Vitamin D, which sunlight helps your body produce, is also linked to better health. So walk outdoors for 15 to 30 minutes daily.In Japan, walking through forests to keep healthy has become a popular practice. Apparently they want to enjoy the fresh air. But research on 280 volunteers there found that people had a reduced heart rate, and lower blood pressure when they walked through a forest than when they spent time in an urban area.One of the consequences of modem society is that our body is rarely in direct contact with the ground. The earth has an electrical current. Direct contact with it may be stabilizing force for good health. Although "earthing" or "grounding'' is considered alternative by mainstream medicine, research shows that the practice seems to be able to reduce heart disease risk.So, walk around barefoot wherever possible, let your backyard grass tickle your feet, and dig your toes into sandy beaches.1.The first paragraph is meant to _______.A.show the author likes the song very muchB.put forward the argument of the passageC.suggest that the author loves nature crazilyD.indicate the author is a Michigan native2.Sunbathing's good for heart because _______.A.sun’s rays make nitric oxide workB.sunlight can help people keep warmC.sun’s rays can help replace vitamin DD.vitamin D reduces blood circulation3.It's believed that walking through forests can ______.A.make people popularB.help breathe in fresh airC.reduce blood pressureD.help escape from noisy cities4.The best title of the passage should be _______.A.Nitric oxide has magic functionsB.Walking barefoot builds the bodyC.Sunbathing is good for healthD.Outdoor activities benefit the heart8、Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called "herd immunity", which protects the people who get hurt easily, including thosewho can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.1.The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________.A.a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trendB.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attentionC.anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasonsrmation about measles spreads quickly2.Herd immunity works well when ____________.A.exemptions are allowedB.several vaccines are used togetherC.the whole neighborhood is involved inD.new regulations are added to the state laws3.What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?A.The overuse of vaccine.B.The lack of medical care.C.The features of measles itself.D.The vaccine opt-outs of some people.4.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To introduce the idea of exemption.B.To discuss methods to cure measles.C.To stress the importance of vaccination.D.To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.C; 4.A解析：1.细节理解题。
2019高考复习文言文阅读山水游记类
山水游记类文言文阅读游记类文言文阅读祖国山河壮丽，有许多风景优美的地方，今天让我们跟随古人一起进入游记类文言文的阅读，去领略更多的美景吧！阅读步骤第一步：总体阅读，整体把握。
初步阅读时做题必不可少的一步。
在第一遍阅读时要梳理出下面两个重要点：重要点一：初步完成表格何人何时何故何地何景重要点二：梳理作者的“游踪”完成表格游览地点所见景物景物特征作者情感例1：阅读下面的文言文，先按照上面所讲的梳理出两个重要点，完成表格，然后回答问题。
游虞山记第二步：把握关键，深入分析。
通过第一遍的阅读。
我们初步把握了文章的基本脉络，接下来的阅读，我们就要找准文章及问题中的关键点，找到景和情的结合点，重点分析文章中作者评论的部分，这个分析在第一步的基础上，需要深入挖掘出情感及哲理。
即通过阅读，需要完成下面的表格。
何人何时何故何地何景何情何理例2：阅读下面的文言文，回答问题。
醒心亭记曾巩滁州之西南，泉水之涯，欧阳公作州之二年，构亭曰：“丰乐”，自为记以见其名之意。
既又直丰乐之东几百步，得山之高，构亭曰“醒心”，使巩记之。
凡公与州之宾客者游焉，则必即丰乐以饮。
或醉且劳矣，则必即醒心而望。
以见夫群山之相环，云烟之相滋，旷野之无穷，草树众而泉石嘉，使目新乎其所睹，耳新乎其所闻。
则其心洒然而醒，更欲久而忘归也。
故即其所以然而为名，取韩子退之《北湖》之诗云。
噫！其可谓善取乐于山泉之间，而名之以见其实，又善者矣。
虽然，公之乐，吾能言之。
吾君优游而无为于上，吾民给足而无憾于下，天下之学者，皆为材且良，夷狄、鸟兽、草木之生者，皆得其宜，公乐也。
一山之隅，一泉之旁，岂公乐哉？乃公所以寄意于此也。
若公之贤，韩子殁数百年，而始有之。
今同游之宾客，尚未知公之难遇也。
后百千年，有慕公之为人，而览公之迹，思欲见之，有不可及之叹，然后知公之难遇也。
则凡同游于此者，其可不喜且幸欤？而巩也，又得以文词托名于公文之次，其又不喜且幸欤？庆历七年八月十五日记。
高考化学备考章节试题详解第11章第3节晶体结构与性质
第十一章第三节１.(2019·湖北八校第一次联考)KＩO3是一种重要的无机化合物，可作食盐中的补碘剂。
回答下列问题：(1）基态K原子中,核外电子占据的最高能层的符号是__＿＿____，占据该能层电子的电子云轮廓图形状为____＿_＿_。
K和Cr属于同一周期,且核外最外层电子构型相同,但金属K的熔点、沸点等都比金属Cｒ的低，原因是＿＿＿_＿＿_____＿＿_＿＿＿___＿___＿____＿_＿＿__。
(2）K+与Cl-具有相同的电子构型，r(Ｋ＋）小于ｒ（Cｌ－）,原因是_＿_＿______＿___＿＿___＿_ ______＿____＿__＿_＿＿__＿__＿___＿_________＿＿___＿_______＿。
（３)KＩO3中阴离子的空间构型是__＿_＿____, 中心原子的杂化形式为＿____＿_＿。
(4)由于碘是卤素中原子半径较大的元素,可能呈现金属性。
下列事实能够说明这个结论的是_＿＿＿__＿＿(填序号）。
Ａ.已经制得了IＢr、ＩCl等卤素互化物和Ｉ2O5等碘的氧化物Ｂ．已经制得了Ｉ(NO3)3、Ｉ（ＣlＯ)３·H2O等含Ｉ3＋离子的化合物C．碘易溶于KI等碘化物溶液,形成I错误!离子D．I4O９是一种碘酸盐(5）KIO3晶体是一种性能良好的非线性光学材料,具有钙钛矿型的立体结构，边长为a nm，晶胞中K、I、O分别处于顶角、体心、面心位置,如图所示。
与K紧邻的O个数为___＿＿___,已知阿伏加德罗常数的值为N A,则KＩO3的密度为＿_＿_＿_＿__＿______＿_____(列式表示)g·cm－3。
（６）若KIO3晶胞中处于左下角顶角的K原子的坐标参数为(0,0,0) ，位于下底面面心位置的O原子的坐标参数为错误!，在ＫIO3晶胞结构的另一种表示中，I处于各顶角位置,设左下角顶角的I原子的坐标参数为(0，0,0),则K原子的坐标参数为__＿_____。
2019高考英语阅读理解(健康与饮食)(含解析)
（健康与饮食）李仕才导读：你见过蓝色和绿色的蜂蜜吗？这些奇怪颜色的蜂蜜是怎么来的呢？The colorful honeyBlue and green honey may look cool, but beekeepers in northeastern France are not happy about their strange-looking new product.Over the past few months, beekeepers in Ribeauvillé, a town located in the Alsace region, have noticed that bees there have been making honey in many strange colors. Bees have been returning to apiaries with different colors coating their bodies. The colors then ①end up polluting the honey.A recent research showed that a nearby M&M’s factory is behind the change in color. Waste from the factory has been exposing the bees to a number of chemicals. Some of the chemicals are used in the outer shells of the candies, which come in many bright colors.The local beekeepers do not know if the polluted honey is dangerous to eat, but they are not taking any chances. They are ②throwing away the candy-colored honey, which means a big loss to local businesses.“For me, it’s not honey,” Alain Frieh, leader of the town’s beekeepers union, tells the Reuters news agency. “It’s not sellable.”The honey industry in this part of France has been suffering this year. According to Frieh, many bees died last winter or were unable to make honey because of the bad weather. This new problem of colored honey is hurting the beekeepers’ way of life even more.The region ③is home to about 2,400 beekeepers and 35,000 colonies of bees, according to Alsace’s chamber of agriculture. ④The beekeepers harvest approximately 1,000 tons of honey each year, making the product a big part of the region’s economy.Agrivalor is the company that processes the M&M's factory's waste. According to co-manager Philippe Meinrad, the company has been ⑤attempting to stop the pollution.“We discovered the problem ⑥at the same time they did,” Meinrad tells Reuters. “We quickly put in place a procedure to stop it.”彩色的蜂蜜蓝色和绿色的蜂蜜可能看起来很酷，但法国东北部的养蜂人却不喜欢这种看起来怪异的产品。
【诗歌鉴赏全覆盖】2019高考备考之古代诗歌鉴赏精选试题及答案解析【一人一首成名作12首作品】
【诗歌鉴赏全覆盖】2019高考备考之古代诗歌鉴赏95道精选试题及答案解析古代诗歌鉴赏——一人一首成名作（12 道）一、郑鹧鸪——郑谷郑谷（约851 年～约910 年），唐朝末期著名诗人。
字守愚，汉族，江西宜春市袁州区人。
僖宗时进士，官都官郎中，人称郑都官。
又以《鹧鸪诗》得名，人称郑鹧鸪。
阅读下面诗歌，回答问题。
鹧鸪[唐]郑谷暖戏烟芜锦翼齐，品流应得近山鸡。
雨昏青草湖边过，花落黄陵庙里啼。
游子乍闻征袖湿，佳人才唱翠眉低。
相呼相应湘江阔，苦竹丛深日向西。
请结合诗歌内容分析这首诗的思乡情感。
（5 分）——————————————————————二、杜紫薇——杜牧杜牧，字牧之，曾写过《紫薇花》咏物抒情，借花自誉，人称其为“杜紫薇”。
阅读下面的诗，回答问题。
九日齐山登高[唐]杜牧江涵秋影雁初飞，与客携壶上翠微。
尘世难逢开口笑，菊花须插满头归。
但将酩酊酬佳节，不用登临恨落晖。
古往今来只如此，牛山何必独沾衣。
水调歌头·隐括杜牧之齐山诗[宋]朱熹江水侵云影，鸿雁欲南飞。
携壶结客，何处空翠渺烟霏。
尘世难逢一笑，况有紫萸黄菊，堪插满头归。
风景今朝是，身世昔人非。
酬佳节，须酩酊，莫相达。
人生如寄，何事辛苦怨斜晖。
无尽今来古往，多少春花秋月，那更有危机。
与问牛山客，何必独沾衣。
隐括之作，贵在翻新。
比较杜牧原诗，任选一个角度，分析朱熹此词的新意。
（6分）______________________________________________________三、温八叉——温庭筠温庭筠是唐初宰相温彦博之后裔，出生于没落贵族家庭，富有天赋，文思敏捷，每入试，押官韵，八叉手而成八韵，故有“温八叉”或“温八吟”之称。
阅读下面这首唐诗，回答问题。
利州南渡温庭筠澹然空水对斜晖，曲岛苍茫接翠微。
波上马嘶看棹去，柳边人歇待船归。
数丛沙草群鸥散，万顷沙田一鹭飞。
谁解乘舟寻范蠡，五湖烟水独忘机。
尾联借用范蠡的典故表达了怎样的情感?请简要分析。
2019版高考英语(课标版)一轮复习题组优化训练：第二部分 专题十一 并列连词和状语从句
专题十一并列连词和状语从句题组1 并列连词1.[2017北京,22]—Peter, please send us postcards we’ll know where you have visited.—No problem.2.[2016丙卷(全国Ⅲ),41]In much of Asia, especially the so-called "rice bowl" cultures of China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.3.[2015北京,25]He is a shy man, he is not afraid of anything or anyone.4.[2014北京,21]Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, plants can spread to new places.5.[2014天津,1]Give me a chance, I’l l give you a wonderful surprise.6.[2013北京,22]Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs, you could have problems.7.[2013新课标全国Ⅰ,32]There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery another man, also intelligent, fails.8.[2013四川,4]Read this story, you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.9.[2017乙卷(全国Ⅰ)改错]Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.10.[2016甲卷(全国Ⅱ)改错]If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.11.[2015新课标全国Ⅰ改错]There the air is clean or the mountains are green.题组2 时间状语从句12.[2017北京,28]If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other peopleyou figure it out.13.[2016丙卷(全国Ⅲ),45]Over time, the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.14.[2015天津,12]We need to get to the root of the problem we can solve it.15.[2015重庆,4]If you miss this chance, it may be years you get another one.16.[2015陕西,20]I believe you will have a wonderful time here you get to know everyone else.17.[2014江西,35]It was the middle of the night my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.18.[2014陕西,24]The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left I could ask for their names.19.[2014天津,4] you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier.20.[2013山东,28] I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start.21.[2013陕西,18]I have heard a lot of good things about you I came back from abroad.22.[2015陕西改错]My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.题组3 条件状语从句23.[2015江苏,26]It is so cold that you can’t go outside fully covered in thick clothes.24.[2014湖南,26]You will never gain success you are fully devoted to your work.25.[2013重庆,25] we have enough evidence, we can’t win the case.题组4 让步状语从句26.[2017北京,25] birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.27.[2016浙江,5] online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.28.[2015湖南,33] the job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experience is worth it.29.[2014山东,2]I don’t really like the author, I have to admit his books are very exciting.30.[2014北京,29]Even the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.31.[2013辽宁,24]One can always manage to do more things, no matter full one’s schedule is in life.32. [2013天津,5] small,the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.题组5 其他状语从句33.[2017江苏,23]Located the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.34.[2016北京,33]I really enjoy listening to music it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.35.[2015浙江,9]Just a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.36.[2014重庆,14]Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi the bus had dropped her.37.[2013江苏,28]In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.38.[2015新课标全国Ⅱ改错]He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.A组基础题A单句填空39.[2018江西赣州十四县(市)期中联考,70]I’m a successful businessman now and I think about the troubles in life, I think about that little girl and the remarkable lesson about life that she taught me.40.[2018甘肃天水三中第二次段考,45]The lady at the desk felt so sorry for me she offered to change the flight at no extra cost.41. [2018广西钦州第一次质检,50]I was going into shock, and they called 911 and waited with me, one holding my hand and speaking gently to me that they would stay help came. 42.[2018河南南阳一中第三次考试,51]We know that tasks your group is given, a few rules need to be followed.43.[2018黑龙江大庆四校第一阶段联考,66]It was n’t long I learned how to develop respectful relationships with my bosses and what tone of voice to use with kids.44.[2018湖南益阳、湘潭调研,64]However, it is reported that eating bad food for a long term not only makes us put on weight but can lead to other health problems such as diabetes, and that it can also affect our mental state result in depression.45.[2018山东滨州期中,70]It is meant to highlight the importance of reading anytime and anyplace, and it’s especially helpful children often lose some of the academic ground during the summer holidays.46.[2018安徽江淮十校第二次联考,47]War for the Planet of the Apes may not be the action and monster film that you had in mind, it’s the kind of film that will make you want to sit in silence in the theater for a few minutes after it ends, taking in what you’ve just witnessed. 47.[2018河南豫南豫北名校精英联赛,47]In the state of Iowa, you live more than a mile away from school you can get a school permit.48.[2017黑龙江大庆实验中学检测,69]Jogging is good exercise it doesn’t poll ute the air.49.[2017四川五校高三联考,61]Once upon a time there was a girl who, though of humble origin, was so beautiful she was famous throughout the region.50.[2017江西宜春四校高三联考,64] We know this is a small contribution compared to all the resources and talents already working on these issues. we want to do what we can, working alongside many others.51.[2016浙江宁波十校联考,18]White-collar workers in China are willing to postpone their retirement ageblue-collar workers prefer to retire early.52.[2016湖南十三校一联,27]Linda was quite sure that she was going to miss her train she was not very far from the station.53.[2016湖南衡阳五校联考,28] long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.B单句改错54.[2018山西45校高三第一次联考]But she used to be easy to get angry, especially that she was with family members only.55.[2018安徽合肥第一次英语联考]Half a month passed quickly after I knew it, and I learned how to deal with different people.56.[2018甘肃天水三中第二次段考]The passenger was trying to get her name, so she wanted to post on Facebook about what had happened as a sort of appreciation.57.[2018华大新高考联盟教学质量测评]I would appreciate it whether you could understand and cooperate.58.[2018辽宁六校协作体期中联考]As students, we usually sit too long in the classroom, and as a result our eyes and brains get tired. But it is a good idea to play ball games, go swimming, do some running, or even go for a picnic.59.[2018黑龙江齐齐哈尔地区八校期中联考]My eyes were filled with tears as she wiped down the table but guided my dad to the seat.60.[2018湖北荆州第一次质量检测]Because I was very tired, with his encouragement, I finished my first mini-Marathon.61.[2018河南豫南豫北名校精英联赛]It’s very challenging although there are seven cases for grammar.62.[2018"超级全能生"26省联考]While she pulled over to refuel, she found that she’d left her handbag home.63.[2018吉林百校联盟联考]Though computers are very convenient, but handwriting still plays an important role in the modern world.64.[2018湖南怀化期中联考]It is not the result of giving a man a single fish and the result of teaching a man to fish.65.[2018河南郑州外国语学校第六次调研]It’s true that the job market is much harder these days. Therefore, there are certainly some ways to make a living on our own.66.[2018广西防城港高中毕业班1月模拟]The other kid reached out or felt his stomach, joking, "See how big your stomach is, but you are still eating much!"67.[2017湖南长郡中学高三模拟]No matter how you do, being sincere was the most important.B组提升题A专项语篇型填空(并列连词和状语从句)"Everything happens for the best," my mother said 1 I faced disappointment. " 2 you can carry on, one day something good will happen."After graduating from college, I decided to try for a job in a radio station 3 work my way up to a sports announcer. I went to Chicago, knocked on the door of every station, 4 got turned down every time.In one studio, a kind lady advised me to go to the countryside and find a small station, 5 big stations couldn’t risk hiring an inexperienced person. I returned to my hometown, 6 was turned down even when I appl ied for a job in a sports department of a store. It wasn’t long 7 I decided to try my luck again in another city. In Davenport, Iowa, the program director of a company got me beside a microphone and asked me to broadcast an imaginary game.8 I began to work in the company, I’ve always thought of my mother’s words: "Keep on trying9 some day you succeed. Something wouldn’t have happened if not for that previous failure." 10 job I later have done, I always think about what my mother once taught me, which acts as my guideline in life.B语法填空[2018河南中原名校第三次质量考评]The Han Dynasty is one of the most important 41 (dynasty) in Chinese history. There were many 42 (wonder) achievements during this period. It was the first Chinese dynasty 43 (open) its door to other cultures 44 its foreign trade was prosperous. The Silk Road opened up in the Han Dynasty 45 (lead) to the Middle and Western Asia and 46 Rome. Various forms of art blossomed during the period 47 many great works on literature, history and philosophy appeared. The publishing of China’s first dictionary was completed in 100 AD; it contains 9,000 Chinese characters. At 48 same time, great progress 49 (make) in science and technology was really amazing. The Han Dynasty lasted 400 years. However, the rulers’ corruption (腐败) eventually resulted in 50 (it) destruction.C短文改错[2018贵阳高三摸底考试]Life is full of various experiences,some of them are unforgettable.I still remember the hiking experiences with my classmates for 16 km a year later.That summer day, we set off early in the morning, think it would be great fun to walk for so long a distance.However, with the weather is getting hotter and hotter, I found their legs heavier and heavier.What’s worse,my feet began bleeding because long-time pressing against the shoes.At one point, I even wanted to give up.But I manage to drag the rest of the way to the destination.Though not pleasant,this journey was impressive or rewarding.I have learnt that life is a long journey like this.No matter what happened, we should never give up.答案专题十一并列连词和状语从句题组1 并列连词1.so —Peter,请给我们寄一些明信片,这样我们就能知道你去过哪里。
2019年高考语文试卷真题汇编之文言文阅读含答案
2019年高考语文试卷真题汇编之文言文阅读文言文阅读一、阅读下面的文言文，完成10～13题。
（本题共4小题，19分2019年高考全国1卷）贾生名谊洛阳人也年十八以能诵诗属书闻于郡中吴廷尉为河南守闻其秀才召置门下甚幸爱孝文皇帝初立，闻河南守吴公治平为天下第一，故与李斯同邑而常学事焉，乃征为廷尉。
廷尉乃言贾生年少，颇通诸子百家之书。
文帝召以为博士。
是时贾生年二十余，最为少。
每诏令议下，诸老先生不能言，贾生尽为之对，人人各如其意所欲出。
诸生于是乃以为能不及也。
孝文帝说之，超迁，一岁中至太中大夫。
贾生以为汉兴至孝文二十余年，天下和洽，而固当改正朔，易服色，法制度，定官名，兴礼乐，乃悉草具其事仪法，色尚黄，数用五，为官名，悉更秦之法。
孝文帝初即位，谦让未遑也。
诸律令所更定，及列侯悉就国，其说皆自贾生发之。
于是天子议以为贾生任公卿之位。
绛、灌、东阳侯、冯敬之属尽害之，乃短贾生曰：“洛阳之人，年少初学，专欲擅权，纷乱诸事。
”于是天子后亦疏之，不用其议，乃以贾生为长沙王太傅。
贾生既辞往行，及渡湘水，为赋以吊屈原。
为长沙王太傅三年。
后岁余，贾生征见。
孝文帝方受釐，坐宣室。
上因感鬼神事，而问鬼神之本。
贾生因具道所以然之状。
至夜半，文帝前席。
既罢，曰：“吾久不见贾生，自以为过之，今不及也。
”居顷之，拜贾生为梁怀王太傅。
梁怀王，文帝之少子，爱，而好书，故令贾生傅之。
文帝复封淮南厉王子四人皆为列侯。
贾生谏，以为患之兴自此起矣。
贾生数上疏，言诸侯或连数郡，非古之制，可稍削之。
文帝不听。
居数年，怀王骑，堕马而死，无后。
贾生自伤为傅无状，哭泣岁余，亦死。
（节选自《史记·屈原贾生列传》）10．下列对文中画被浪线部分的断句，正确的一项是（3分）A．贾生名谊/洛阳人也/年十八/以能诵诗属书闻于郡中吴廷尉/为河南守/闻其秀才/召置门下/甚幸爱/B．贾生名谊/洛阳人也/年十八/以能诵诗属书闻于郡中/吴廷尉为河南守/闻其秀才/召置/门下甚幸爱/C．贾生名谊/洛阳人也/年十八/以能诵诗属书闻于郡中/吴廷尉为河南守/闻其秀才/召置门下/甚幸爱/D．贾生名谊/洛阳人也/年十八/以能诵诗属书闻/于郡中吴廷尉为河南守/闻其秀才/召置门下/甚幸爱/11．下列对文中加点的词语相关内容的解说，不正确的一项是（3分）A．诸子百家是先秦至汉初学术派别的总称，其中又以道、法、农三家影响最深远。
2019年上海市高考语文试卷文言文阅读题及答案汇集
2019年上海市高考语文试卷文言文阅读题及答案汇集2019年上海市高考语文试卷文言文阅读题及答案汇集（三）阅读下面的作品，完成12—14题。
（8分）和徐都曹[南朝齐]谢眺宛洛佳遨游，春色满皇州。
结轸青郊路，回瞰苍江流。
日华川上动，风光草际浮。
桃李成蹊径，桑榆萌道周。
东都已俶载，言归望绿畴。
【注】徐都曹：徐勉。
都曹，官名。
宛洛：南阳和洛阳，这里指建康。
皇州：帝都，指建康。
结轸：停车。
俶载：指农事伊始。
12.出版社准备编辑一套古代文学作品选，可以收录本作品的一书是（）。
（1分）A.《乐府诗选》B.《古诗菁华》C.《诗余选集》D.《律诗集粹》13.下列关于本作品写作特点的说法不正确的一项是（）。
（2分）A.叙述与写景结合B.寓情于景物之中C.用典而不失自然D.铺陈和比喻兼用14.你认为本作品哪一联写景写得最好？请赏析其妙处所在。
（5分）答案：（三）（8分）12.B（1分）13.D（2分）14.（5分）答案示例：我觉得“日华川上动，风光草际浮”一联写得最好。
这一联写日光遍布江上，青草沐浴着阳光，在微风中摆动。
其中“动”“浮”二字，捕捉精准，感受细腻，化虚为实，最有表现力。
阳光本是最难以捉摸的，作者却能抓住阳光落于江上、波光粼粼的画面，写出日光仿佛在江上跳跃的效果。
日光又落在草叶上，风吹草动，仿佛风也有了光，浮动在草际。
这一联描绘的画面清新灵动，明丽旖旎，我们读诗时也能感受到作者赏景的喜悦，很有感染力。
评分说明：选诗句和对诗句的赏析分别评分。
（四）阅读下文，完成第15—20题。
（19分）项经传公讳经，字诚之，号怡庵，襄毅公长子。
成化丁未成进士，明年，授南京福建道御史，奉命简阅内库。
内库向为豪贵人掌，公既至，循故实，稽录羨余，无敢冒利者。
比又视南城，南城肃然。
为御史者七年，倔强有父风。
升太平府知府。
至则叹曰：“嗟乎！太平，建康南屏也，实国家股肱郡，然民贫矣，不宽不可。
”于是身抚循之，流亡来归者万计。
移治临江。
2019高考英语(昆明)阅读理解(10)(解析)
2019高考英语（昆明）阅读理解（10）（解析）Afarmergrewsomevegetablesinhisgarden.Onedayhiswifewasillandhehadnomoney.Hehadto sellsomecabbagesandcarrotsinthemarket.Thenextmorninghetooktwobasketsofvegetable stotown.Butitwasraininghardthatafternoonandtherewerefewpeopleinthestreet.Whenhi svegetablesweresoldout,itwasdark.Heboughtsomemedicineandhurriedtohisvillage. Onhiswayhomehesawapersonlyingonthesnow.Heplacedhisbasketsonthegroundandwasgoing tohelpthepersontogetup.Atthattimehefounditwasadeadmanandtherewasmuchbloodonhisb ody.Hewassoafraidthatheranawayquickly,withouttakingthebasketswithhim. Thenextafternoonthefarmerwassenttothepolicestation.Havingshownthebaskets,anoffi cerasked,“Aretheseyours?”“Yes,sir.”thefarmeransweredtimidly(胆怯地).“Haveyoukilledtheman?”“No,no,sir.”thefarmersaidinahurry.“Whendidyouseethedeadman?”“Aboutsevenlastevening.”“Didyouseewhokilledtheman?”“No,sir.”Theofficerbroughtoutaknifeandasked,“Haveyouseenityet?”“No,sir.”Theofficerbecameangryandtoldthepolicementobeathimupandsenthimintoprison. Thateveningtheofficerwentontrying.Pointingtotheknife,heaskedagain,“Haveyouseenityet?”“Yes,sir.”Theofficerwashappyandasked,“Whenandwhere?”“Isawitherethisafternoon,sir.”1.Thefarmerdecidedtosellthevegetablesto_______.A.buysomefoodforhisfamilyB.buysomemedicineforhiswifeC.gotoseeadoctorD.gotothecinema2.Thefarmerdidn’tsellouthisvegetablesuntiltheeveningbecause_______.A.theyweretoobadB.theywereveryexpensiveC.itrainedhardthatmorningD.peoplewouldn’tgooutonsuchabadday3.As_______,thefarmerdecidedtohelpthepersontostandup.A.hewasreadytohelpothersB.thepersonwasoneofhisfriendsC.hethoughtthepersonwouldthankhimD.hethoughtthepersonhaddrunktoomuch4.Thefarmerranawayquicklybecause_______.A.thepolicemenwerecomingtowardshimB.hiswifewaswaitingforhimathomeC.hewasafraidtoseeadeadmanD.itwassolatethathecouldn’tstaythereanylonger5.Theofficertriedthefarmerto_______.A.knowwhohadkilledthemanB.knowifhehadseenthedeadmanC.askwhenhesawthedeadmanD.askifhehadseentheknife【答案与解析】本文讲述了一个胆小的农民遇到一个死人，而被警察传讯的故事。
【诗歌鉴赏全覆盖】2019高考备考之古代诗歌鉴赏精选试题及答案解析【历代诗宗18首作品】
【诗歌鉴赏全覆盖】2019高考备考之古代诗歌鉴赏95道精选试题及答案解析古代诗歌鉴赏——历代诗宗（18 道）一、才高八斗——曹绣虎阅读下面这首诗歌，完成问题。
野田黄雀行①曹植高树多悲风，海水扬其波。
利剑不在掌，结友何须多?不见篱间雀，见鹞自投罗。
罗家得雀喜，少年见雀悲。
拔剑捎②罗网，黄雀得飞飞。
飞飞摩③苍天，来下谢少年。
［注］①建安二十五年曹丕继位掌权，对曹植心存疑忌，本诗作于曹植的至交丁仪、丁廙被杀之时。
②捎：挥击，削破。
③摩：接近、迫近。
诗歌是怎样以对比手法来塑造少年形象的？请简要分析。
（6 分）_____________________________________________________二、竹林七贤——阮步兵阅读下面这首诗歌，完成问题。
咏怀［魏晋］阮籍①朝阳不再盛，白日忽西幽。
去此若俯仰，如何似九秋?人生若尘露，天道邈悠悠。
齐景升丘山，涕泗纷交流②。
孔圣临长川，惜逝忽若浮。
去者余不及，来者吾不留。
愿登太华山，上与松子③游。
渔父知世患，乘流泛轻舟。
[注]①阮籍(公元210—263 年)，魏晋时期诗人，此诗创作于曹氏政权日渐衰落，司马氏势力日渐强盛之时。
②齐景……交流：齐景公游牛山北望齐时说：“美哉国乎！郁郁泰山！使古而无死者，则寡人将去此而何之？”言毕涕泪沾襟。
③松子：指赤松子，古代传说中隐居得道的仙人。
诗中画线句化用的典故源自《论语·知其不可而为之》中的名句“____________，____________”。
(2 分)三、田园之祖——陶靖节阅读下面这首诗，然后回答问题。
饮酒（其十七）陶渊明幽兰生前庭，含薰待清风。
清风脱然至，见别萧艾①中。
行行失故路②，任道或能通。
觉悟当念还，鸟尽废良弓③。
［注］①萧艾：此处代指杂草。
②故路：旧路，指古代圣贤所指引的路。
③鸟尽废良弓：司马迁《史记》：“蜚（飞）鸟尽，良弓藏。
”诗中写到了兰草，有什么作用？请简要分析。
______________________________________________________四、元嘉三家——鲍参军阅读下面两首诗，完成问题。
2019高考英语 全国卷 I 阅读理解 完形填空 翻译
这八部系列节目，省钱：美 食，跟随了ITV的省钱：健 康节目的脚步，这个节目给 了观众如何从市场上的大量 健康产品中获取有价值的东 西建议。 食物是我们每周最大的家庭 开支，苏珊娜和Matt每周都 和不同的家庭一起度过时光。 在今晚的复活节特别节目中， 他们要在一定的预算内帮助 一个需要一些美味灵感的家 庭。这个团队用较便宜但仍 然美味的食谱来改变家庭的 长周末庆祝活动。
And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she's been able to put a lot of what she's learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11. “We love Mexican churros so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant, "she explains. "I pay ￡5 for a portion （份），but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we 're not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”
Presidents，Congress, memorials, and 游将以总统，国会，纪念馆
2019高考语文备考：材料作文“留一条缝隙”写作指导及佳作赏析
2019高考语文备考：材料作文“留一条缝隙”写作指导及佳作赏析阅读下面的材料，然后按要求作文。
曾祖父是名好木匠,他有一句口头禅是：“注意了，留一条缝隙。
”木工讲究疏密有致，粘合贴切，该疏那么疏，不然易散落。
时下，许多人家装修房子，常常出现木地板开裂，或挤压拱起的现象，这就是太“丰满”的缘故。
高明的装修师傅那么懂得恰到好处地留一条缝隙，给组合材料留足吻合的空间，便可避免出现这样那样的问题。
其实在现实生活中，做人处事以及许多方面也和木匠的工艺原理一样，请以“留一道缝隙”为话题，自选文体，自拟标题，写一篇不少于800字的作文。
思路导引:如何确定“缝隙”这个喻体所蕴涵的意义呢？先看关键词“缝隙”的含义，木匠和装修师傅所说的“缝隙”，都是指一种空白，一个狭窄的空间，它表面上不完美，其实作用巨大——能调节因为环境冷热干湿压力等变化带来的膨胀和收缩(如水泥路面的缝隙)，从而使整体结构不发生改变，换句话说，缝隙这种细微的不完美其实是为了保持整体的完美。
由此及彼，可知“缝隙”应该比喻的是一种可供回旋、可供调节的“余地”或“空间”。
“留一道缝隙”，关键在于一个“留”字。
为什么要“留一道缝隙”？如何才能“留下一道缝隙”？应该在哪些方面“留下一道缝隙”？如此一问，思路定然大开。
材料中要求“美满”，装修反而会失败；留一道缝隙，竟然成就完美，由此可以联想到：不可求全责备，不为已甚；尊重他人，方可和谐和睦等等。
[写作提示]做人和处事，如果事事工于算计，利害当头，互不相让，凡事追求“团满”，人与人之间的关系就会紧张，就会裂变,一句话水至清那么无鱼,人至察那么无徒。
同样，一个人把所有行为都目的化，就会把自己的理想挤压得变形。
留一道缝隙，给自己，给他人，给社会留一个可供吻合的人际空间。
参考题目：1、一米阳光2、留白的艺术3、一条缝隙一片天空4、人生忌满5、求全责备害处多6、求全反“碎”存在问题：一是对话题理解不全面，重心把握不准确。
2019高考语文备考：新命题作文“迷”导写与重点评阅
2019高考语文备考：新命题作文“迷”导写与重点评阅阅读下面的文字，根据要求作文。
〔60分〕不论是芭蕾舞的优雅、交响乐的激情、赛跑的极致、斯诺克的绅士，还是乒乓球的急速、电影的诱惑、书的温润、赛车的狂野、科学的深邃……撞击你心的也许是其中的一种，也许是这之外的某一因素。
迷恋是一种很炫的东西，或许每个人的心中都有这样一种情愫，不妨发掘它们，思考它们，感悟它们。
请以“迷”为标题，写一篇文章，可以表达你自己或别人的经历，也可以表达你的感悟和思考。
注意：①角度自选，立意自定；②除诗歌外，文体不限；③不少于800字；④不得抄袭套作。
【写作指津】这是一道新材料命题作文题，也是一道仿2017年高考浙江卷样式的命题。
首先要审读材料。
这道题的材料其实是个引子，是个向导，目的是引出命题。
从材料内容看，“迷”是“着迷”“迷恋”的意思，即“因对某人或某一事物发生特殊爱好而沉醉”。
从情感倾向来看，是一种迷恋某人或某种事物的正面的情感，所以我们要去“发掘它们，思考它们，感悟它们”。
“迷”是个中性词，但从材料的内容与指向来看，这里的“迷”是正面的，如某种传统文化、某种体育运动、某种高贵的品格、某种自然风光等，选材范围广泛，所以我们每个人都有内容可写，有话好说。
假设从反面来立意，如写迷恋上网、痴迷追星等，就和材料的用意相违背，分数自然不会高。
其次，要认真审读要求。
根据题目中的提示语“可以表达你自己或别人的经历”，我们可以写记叙文或散文，描写生活中各种各样的“迷”，也可以编写故事，刻画形象，凸显个性，并表达出自己对生活的思索；根据“也可以表达你的感悟和思考”一句，那么可以写议论文，阐释自己对“迷”的认识、评价，告诉人们“迷”的意义。
【阅卷手记】作为地区联考作文题，联系2017年高考作文题以及2017年高考说明的样卷作文题“色彩的语言”来看，这个题目难度适中，审题不易出现偏差。
从材料的内容出发，“迷”的立意指向明确，一般不会出现偏题、离题现象，只有个别考生想要创新反而弄巧成拙，以致文章主旨偏离了“迷”的范畴。
2019高考文言文阅读训练及答案：人物传记类
人物传记类文言文阅读同步导入既罢，归国，以相如功大，拜为上卿，位在廉颇之右。
廉颇曰：“我为赵将，有攻城野战之大功，而蔺相如徒以口舌为劳，而位居我上。
且相如素贱人，吾羞，不忍为之下！”宣言曰：“我见相如，必辱之。
”相如闻，不肯与会。
相如每朝时，常称病，不欲与廉颇争列。
已而相如出，望见廉颇，相如引车避匿。
于是舍人相与谏曰：“臣所以去亲戚而事君者，徒慕君之高义也。
今君与廉颇同列，廉君宣恶言，而君畏匿之，恐惧殊甚。
且庸人尚羞之，况于将相乎？臣等不肖，请辞去。
”蔺相如固止之，曰：“公之视廉将军孰与秦王？”曰：“不若也。
”相如曰：“夫以秦王之威，而相如廷叱之，辱其群臣。
相如虽驽，独畏廉将军哉？顾吾念之，强秦之所以不敢加兵于赵者，徒以吾两人在也。
今两虎共斗，其势不俱生。
吾所以为此者，以先国家之急而后私仇也。
”廉颇闻之，肉袒负荆，因宾客至蔺相如门谢罪，曰：“鄙贱之人，不知将军宽之至此也！”卒相与欢，为刎颈之交。
1、请你概括一下这段故事的内容？2、这段故事表现了廉颇和蔺相如什么样的品质？参考答案：1、负荆请罪 2、廉颇：知错就改蔺相如：深明大义体裁特点类型传主身份一般写作顺序价值取向通过对典型人物的生平、生活、精神等领域进行系统描述、介绍的一种文学作品形式。
（以写人记事为主要内容）一类是史传文学，即正史中的人物传记；一类是杂传文学，即具有传记性质的碑、铭、诔、自传等。
政治类：领袖、政治家文艺类：文学家、艺术家、哲学家、教育家民间类：侠义之士、奇人异士、模范、孝子姓名→籍贯→官职→经历→事件为官清廉、淡薄名利，为民作主、关爱百姓，孝敬父母，聪明智慧、卓越的军事、政治才能，针砭时弊、弘扬正气。
知识讲解文体特征关注题目和文章内容，看是否是以写人记事为主为主。
（1）所选材料以真实的历史人物传记为主，辅之以与官职、法律、习俗等有关的内容。
（2）所选文章的内容都有一定的现实意义，一般赞扬所记人物，弘扬正义，贬斥邪恶。
（3）所选的材料篇幅较短，500字左右，文后有一定量的注释。
2019年浙江省语文高考：文言文翻译拉分考点十一
拉分考点十一⎪⎪文言文翻译第1讲强化文言文翻译4个意识——保高分人物意识圈出传主姓名及所译句子前后语境出现的名字，便于理清人物关系及人事关系。
语境意识快速浏览所译句子前后语境，把握文脉，便于推测大意。
采点意识准确锁定关键字、词、句，并依据语境及所学知识准确推断并翻译这些关键点。
连贯意识根据所学翻译技巧(留、换、调、删、补、变)，流畅翻译所考句子。
一、人物意识——理清人物关系和人事关系1．根据以往阅卷的经验，在翻译句子时，有好多同学居然经常把人物名字，尤其是长而怪的少数民族的人物名字，当作实词甚至虚词来理解，闹出了不少笑话。
如《缅甸土司传》中的卜刺浪、莽得刺、马者速、那罗塔等人名。
2．文言文中，人名第一次出现时往往用全称，以后再出现就只提名不提姓了。
如下面[例1]中的传主“沈通明”，后面就成了“通明”。
有时在行文过程中，根据人物表述，还会改用“名”或“字”来代指人物，如《鸿门宴》“不然，籍何以至此”中“籍”就是项羽的名，很多学生缺少人物意识，不知“籍”为何意，造成理解障碍。
强化人物意识，可以弄清人物关系、人物与事件的关系，有利于所译句子的翻译。
二、语境意识——揣摩句内语境和句外语境主要是利用一个语境(句内语境和句外语境)之内的语句表述连贯、语意密切的特点来翻译句子。
需要强调的是，语境有小、大之分。
最小的语境即词语所在的句子，稍大的语境是词语所在句子的上下句，最大的语境即文段中所有与该词语相关的文句。
有时候，对词语的解释符合小语境，甚至还符合上下句构成的语境，但不符合完整的大语境。
这种符合局部语境，但与完整语境不符的情况极具迷惑性，所以在翻译时不能只满足于推敲其是否符合上下句的意思，必须要在完整的语境中揣摩其含义。
1．利用语境补出省略成分文言文省略句子成分的现象比较常见，量词、主谓宾，甚至句子都可能被省略，成分被省略的句子如果要求翻译，语境能提示我们补出这些省略成分。
[例1] 把文中画线的句子译成现代汉语。
2019高考备考：古代诗歌鉴赏精选试题解析及答案(下} (1)
老 树① ［金］元好问 老树高留叶，寒藤细作花。 沙平时泊雁，野迥已攒鸦。 旅食②秋看尽，行吟日又斜。 干戈正飘忽，不用苦思家。
［注］①金宜宗贞祐四年（1216 年），元好问为躲避战乱而移居河南。不久蒙古军队入侵河 南，诗人因而又辗转漂泊，该诗写于此间。②旅食：客居异乡的生活。
诗中写到了兰草，有什么作用？请简要分析。
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四、元嘉三家——鲍参军 阅读下面两首诗，完成问题。
上京①即事
[元]萨都剌
紫塞风高弓力强，王孙走马猎沙场。
呼鹰腰箭归来晚，马上倒悬双白狼。
代出自蓟北门行(节选)
咏湖中雁 沈约
白水满春塘，旅雁每迥翔。 唼①流牵弱藻，敛翮②带馀霜。
群浮动轻浪，单泛逐孤光。 悬飞竟不下，乱起未成行。 刷羽同摇漾，一举还故乡。 ［注］①唼：形容鱼、鸟吃东西的声音。②翮：羽毛中间的空心硬管。 这首诗塑造了“湖中雁”怎样的形象？请结合诗歌分析。（6 分）
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这首诗主要用了哪两种表现手法？请结合诗句分析。 ______________________________________________________
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十八、十砚老人--黄莘田 阅读下面两首清诗，然后回答问题。
此诗画线的四句表达了诗人怎样的思想感情?请结合诗句分析。（6 分) ______________________________________________________
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2019高考备考周阅读十一2019高考备考周阅读十一一、成语积累不胜枚举难列举不可胜数数不清辨析：这两个成语都有数量很多的意思。
它们的区别在于不胜枚举偏重在事实、事理、条例等无法一一列举，而不可胜数多指人或事物多到数不过来。
不同凡响很出色不同一般很特别辨析：这两个成语都有不同于一般的意思。
它们的区别在于不同凡响多用来比喻文学艺术作品出色或人的举止出众，而不同一般多指人的五官、衣着、表情、个性等跟大家不一样。
不闻不问不关心充耳不闻拒绝听辨析：这两个成语都有不愿理睬的意思。
它们的区别在于不闻不问偏重在对周围的事物不关心也不过问，而充耳不闻指对别人的意见拒绝听或不愿听。
不修边幅衣着乱蓬头垢面面容脏辨析：这两个成语都有仪表不整洁的意思。
它们的区别在于不修边幅偏重在不注重衣着服饰的整洁，形容人随意；不拘小节，而蓬头垢面指头发凌乱，脸上很脏。
不言而喻可推想显而易见很清楚辨析：这两个成语都有事理十分明显的意思。
它们的区别在于不言而喻多指事理，缘由等完全可以推想而知，而显而易见多指理由，情况等很容易看清。
不一而足花色多不计其数数量多辨析：这两个成语都有数量很多的意思。
它们的区别在于不一而足偏重在事物的花色品种样数多，而不计其数偏重在事物或人的数量很多。
不以为奇人看淡不足为奇物平常辨析：这两个成语都有没什么值得奇怪的意思，它们的区别在于不以为奇是从人的主观认识角度出发，把事物或现象看得很平常，而不足为奇是指事物本身很平常。
不以为然不认可不以为意不在心辨析：这两个成语都有不重视的意思。
它们的区别在于不以为然表示不同意或不赞成，而不以为意表示不把它放在心上，表示轻视的态度。
不易之论难更改不刊之论不磨灭辨析：这两个成语都可以形容言论观点正确。
它们的区别在于不易之论语义较轻，仅指言论正确不可更改，而不刊之论语义较重，指言论精当不可磨灭。
二、文言短篇阅读王冕僧寺夜读王冕者，人。
七八岁时，父命牧牛陇上，窃入学舍，听诸生诵书；听已，辄默记。
暮归，忘其牛。
父怒挞之。
已而复如初。
母曰：“儿痴如此，曷不听其所为？”冕因去，依僧寺以居。
夜潜出，坐佛膝上，执策映长明灯读之，琅琅达旦。
佛像多土偶，狞恶可怖；冕小儿，恬若不见。
会稽性闻而异之，录为弟子，遂为通儒。
注释：1.：县名,今属省2.牧：放牧牲畜3.窃：偷偷地4.诸;许多5.辄：总是（常常）、就6.蹊田:践踏田地,指踩坏了庄稼7.挞：用鞭子、棍子等打人8.曷：通“何”,为什么听：听任（9.潜：暗暗地、悄悄地走10.执策：策通“册”,拿着书11. 长明灯:佛像前昼夜不熄的灯12.达旦：到早晨,到天亮13.恬：安静的样子14.性：人,大学者15.通儒：指博学多闻、通晓古今的儒者常见字解析：策策的本义是古代的一种竹制马鞭子，头上有尖刺。
引申为驾驭马匹的工具,包括缰绳之类。
如：振长策而御宇（汉·贾谊《过论》）；又如:策辔(马鞭与马缰)。
2、策略;计谋。
如：惠文、武、昭襄蒙故业,因遗策（汉·贾谊《过论》）。
3、中国古代用竹片或木片记事著书,成编的叫做策古。
如：策府(帝王藏书之所);策简(指簿册文书);策牍(简策版牍。
后指书写用的纸) 。
4、古代君主对臣下封土、授爵、免官或发布其他敕令的文件。
引申为策命;策免。
如：策勋十二转,赏赐百千强（《乐府诗集·木兰诗》）；又如:策命(用策书任命);策拜(帝王以策书命官);策文(诏书之类的文告) 5、古代称应试者对答的文字为策。
也指一种议论文体。
如：策论。
策问。
6、拄着;拄着棍杖。
引申为搀扶;架起。
如：策扶老以流憩,时矫首而遐观（晋·渊明《归去来兮辞》）；又如:策杖(执持拐杖。
又称扶杖、拄杖);策踵(扶杖接踵而来)。
成语助记束手无策：策，办法。
遇到问题，就象手被捆住一样，一点办法也没有。
算无遗策：算，计划；遗策，失算。
形容策划精密准确，从来没有失算。
策驽砺钝：驱策劣马，磨砺钝刀。
指勉为其难，努力从事。
驽，低能的马；钝，不锋利的刀。
策名就列：书名于策，就位朝班。
意指做官。
三、诗歌赏读寄黄几复黄庭坚我居君南海，寄雁传书不能。
桃春风一杯酒，江湖夜雨十年灯。
持家但有四立壁，治病不蕲三折肱。
想见读书头已白，隔溪猿哭瘴溪藤。
注释（1）此诗作于神宗元丰八年（1085），其时诗人监（今属）德平镇。
黄几复：名介，人，是黄庭坚少年时的好友，时为四会（今四会县）县令。
（2）“我居”句：《左传·僖公四年》：“君处，寡人处南海，惟是风马牛不相及也。
”作者在“跋”中说：“几复在四会，予在德平镇，皆海滨也。
”（3）寄雁”句：传说雁南飞时不过回雁峰，更不用说岭南了。
（4）四立壁：《史记·司马相如传》：“文君夜奔相如，相如驰归，家徒四壁立。
”（5）蕲：祈求。
肱：上臂,手臂由肘到肩的部分，古代有三折肱而为良医的说法。
（6）瘴溪：旧传岭南边远之地多瘴气。
赏析：要用七个字写出两人离别和别后思念之殷，是那么不容易。
“桃”、“春风”、“一杯酒”，“江湖”、“夜雨”、“十年灯”，这些名词或名词性词组，每一个词或词组，都能使人想象出特定的景象、特定的情境，展现了耐人寻味的艺术天地。
“桃春风一杯酒，江湖夜雨十年灯”一联中，诗人巧用这些意象，作了动人的抒写。
“江湖”一词，能使人想到流转和飘泊，杜甫《梦白》云：“江湖多风波，舟楫恐失坠。
”“夜雨”，能引起怀人之情，商隐《夜雨寄北》云：“君问归期未有期，巴山夜雨涨秋池。
”在“江湖”而听“夜雨”，就更增加萧索之感。
“夜雨”之时，需要点灯，所以接着选了“灯”字。
“灯”，这是一个常用词，而“十年灯”，则是作者的首创，用以和“江湖夜雨”相联缀，就能激发读者的一连串想象：两个朋友，各自飘泊江湖，每逢夜雨，独对孤灯，互相思念，深宵不寐。
而这般情景，已延续了十年。
十年的人生发生了多少变故，“桃春风”与“江湖夜雨”，“乐”与“哀”对照；“一杯酒”与“十年灯”，“一”与“多”的对照。
“桃春风”而共饮“一杯酒”，欢会极其短促。
“江湖夜雨”而各对“十年灯”，飘泊极其漫长。
快意与失望，暂聚与久别，往日的交情与当前的思念，都从时、地、景、事、情的强烈对照中表现出来，令人寻味无穷。
四、聚焦时代拯救可能被手机游戏废掉的孩子们来源：光明日报作者：叶敬忠大批农村留守儿童沉迷网游的现实引起了全社会的极大关注，很多家长担心这些孩子会因手机游戏荒废学业。
面对这一严峻现实，我们都在思考背后的原因和扭转措施。
最为常见的观点往往把责任推到家长、学校和村庄身上，因为家长的外出务工导致了留守儿童家庭教育的缺失，学校素质教育的欠缺导致了校园文化活动的匮乏和教师授课方式的单调，村庄活力的式微导致了留守儿童假期社区集体活动的缺乏。
诚然，上述诸方面的确给农村留守儿童沉迷网络游戏提供了条件，但笔者认为，网络游戏产业化和商品化的结构性因素是最主要的推动力。
那些知名的游戏公司的目标便是将未成年的儿童视作成熟的消费者客户来进行培育。
“游戏”原本是人的一种主体体验，但当其受控于游戏工业和市场交换时，主体体验不再是“游戏”制造者的最终目的，而变成了获取收益的手段和策略。
此时的玩家则是游戏商品的消费者。
为了获得更多收益，游戏工业必须“捕获”和“培育”更多消费者，从而完成游戏工业的财富积累和利益再生产。
对于留守儿童来说，他们长时间面临父母的不在场和亲情的缺失。
而乡村学校暴露出的“课间圈养”和“差生制造”等弊端也使得学校教育不再是留守儿童涵养自然天性的有效场域。
此外，乡村公共空间的凋零使得留守儿童缺失完全社会化的场景前台。
留守儿童的这些生活体验每每制造出父母陪伴受限的纠结感、自由意志阻滞的压抑感、生活世界的孤立感和生活的无意义感，成为留守儿童寻求娱乐替代性方案的在前提。
然而，传统的儿童互动式游戏（玩耍）和单调反复的电视容无法消解他们的这些负面体验，此时，网络游戏意识便成为消除无聊和实现快乐的突破口。
在“平等进入”与“快乐共享”的包装下，游戏工业设计出适合不同年龄和性别群体的游戏程序、场景和难度，使得不同留守儿童群体均能在消费游戏中找寻各自适合的构型和角色，从而完成游戏工业和游戏意识形态对留守儿童日常生活的总体“收编”。
设计者运用技术“制造”和“生产”游戏，与玩家看似“你情我愿”，实则使得游戏玩家成为商业利益背后的游戏痴迷者，而基于寻求娱乐替代性方案的留守儿童首当其冲。
拯救有可能被手机游戏废掉的孩子们，特别是留守儿童，还孩子们以健康的社会环境，是社会、当然也是游戏工业者的责任。
五、美文品读中国武侠走进英语世界作者王伟滨2018年2月，金庸先生的《射雕英雄传》英文版三部曲（《射雕英雄传》《神雕侠侣》《倚天屠龙记》）将分九卷陆续出版，这是中国优秀传统文化走向世界的又一大事。
中国人有“侠”情，且认为“侠”可以超越文化边界。
西方文化中亚瑟王的圆桌骑士、罗宾汉式的绿林英雄，以及风靡当下的银幕上的超级英雄，在我国都有“侠”缘。
但是，侠不是骑士，甚至不是武士。
不管是骑士，还是武士，都是某种权威——往往是封建领主给予的一种身份。
而侠，非身份，亦非职业。
侠，其实是一种态度、一种行事方式。
司马迁在《游侠列传》中说，侠，“其行虽不轨于正义，然其言必信，其行必果，已诺必诚，不爱其躯，赴士之困厄。
既已存亡死生矣，而不矜其能，羞伐其德，盖亦有足多者焉。
”太史公的看法，其实太过理想主义。
在笔者看来，侠不见得真有如此伟大，反倒是非子的话更为直接，“侠以武犯禁”。
侠，是无视“禁忌”的。
“禁忌”有好有坏，这种“无视”也自然是双刃剑，是一种直接、狂放的行事方式。
侠讲究的是豪放不羁、快意恩仇。
这种“豪放不羁”，如《笑傲江湖》所描绘的，不贪高位，不惧追杀，不恋亲情，只愿与知己合奏一曲《广陵散》。
侠的“快意恩仇”，如王家卫电影《东邪西毒》中的洪七，他收了贫女一个鸡蛋后，冲入王府杀了一众刀客，为贫女的弟弟报了仇，自己则在交战中被削掉一个手指。
洪七是侠，他做事的原则不是“付出与回报是否对等”，而是，做这事，心里是否“痛快”。
相比之下，《史记·刺客列传》中所载诸人，虽勇猛如聂政，忠义如豫让，慷慨如荆轲等，都算不得“侠”，因为他们把做事看作一种工作，而工作讲究的是按劳取酬。
侠讲究的是一份担当。
在徐克电影《七剑》中，被清兵追杀，身受重伤的傅青主，对无助的村民们说，“上天山，找帮手！”为什么天山上的剑客要帮助素不相识的傅青主和村民们？因为他们是有担当的侠。
电影《佐罗》中，迭戈代替遇刺的好友前往南美行总督之职并化身蒙面侠佐罗行侠仗义，解救被欺压奴役的殖民地百姓，也是一种担当。
侠，其实很少存在于武侠小说所热衷描绘的江湖门派中，因为那些根本就是“地下政治组织”，而不是“豪侠”的聚集地。
“千秋万代，一统江湖”，与其说是武侠的宏愿，倒不如说是野心家的梦想。
如果说《鹿鼎记》《书剑恩仇录》中的帮会还有个“反清复明”的宏大目标，那《笑傲江湖》中的各大门派的纷争，则是把“江湖”这个会党互相倾轧的修罗场，揭露得淋漓尽致了。