四级词汇讲义
英语四级词汇语法讲义
【英语四级(CET4)词汇语法】讲义定语从句五大类型测试重点定语从句是大学英语四级考试中测试的重点项目之一，笔者近来对大学英语考试样题、曝光试题及其它相关试题进行了研究。
本文主要以四级考试样题和真题为例，将英语定语从句归纳为五大类型，这五大类型既是《大学英语教学大纲》中规定的学习重点，也是四级考试的重点，学生应熟练掌握。
1．由单个关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句定语从句可由单个的关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose和单个的关系副词when，where，why来引导。
在四级考试中，往往测试考生正确选用这类定语从句的关系词的能力，有时也测试考生对整个定语从句结构的认识或运用能力。
例如：1）all _____ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life．（cet-4，90．1）a）what is neededb）for our needsc）the thing neededd）that is needed【简析】修饰all或其它指物的不定代词（如：anything，something，nothing等）的定语从句宜用that引导。
2）jack is the most intelligent man _____ i’ve ever met．a）that b）what c）whom d）who【简析】当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时，定语从句用that引导。
3）alva found a place in the cellar _____ he usedas his first laboratory．a）which b）where c）such d）the same【简析】which引导定语从句，修饰place，为从句的宾语，故不选用where。
4）edward is the boy _____ i think scored the winning points for the basketball team．a）whom b）which c）that d）who【简析】who引导一个嵌入式定语从句：who scored ．．．for the basketball team．该从句既修饰先行词（the boy），同时又嵌入在另一主谓结构（i think）之中作宾语。
四级词汇前世今生讲义
刘一男四级词汇前世今生讲义主讲：刘一男abandon vt.丢弃；放弃，抛弃ability n.能力；能耐，本领abnormal a.不正常的；变态的aboard ad.在船(车)上；上船abroad ad.(在)国外；到处absence n.缺席，不在场；缺乏absent a.不在场的；缺乏的absolute a.绝对的；纯粹的absolutely ad.完全地；绝对地absorb vt.吸收；使专心abstract a.抽象的 n.摘要abundant a.丰富的；大量的abuse vt.滥用；虐待 n.滥用academic a.学院的；学术的academy n.私立中学；专科院校accelerate vt.(使)加快；促进acceleration n.加速；加速度accent n.口音，腔调；重音acceptable a.可接受的，合意的acceptance n.接受，验收；承认access n.接近；通道，入口accessory n.同谋，从犯；附件accident n.意外的；事故accidental a.偶然的；非本质的accommodate vt.容纳；供应，供给accommodation n.招待设备；预定铺位accompany vt.陪伴，陪同；伴随accomplish vt.达到(目的)；完成accord vt.使一致；给予accordance n.一致；和谐；授予accordingly ad.因此，所以；照着account n.记述；解释；帐目accumulate vt.积累 vi.堆积accuracy n.准确(性)；准确度accurate a.准确的，正确无误的accuse vt.指责；归咎于accustom vt.使习惯accustomed a.惯常的；习惯的achieve vt.完成，实现；达到achievement n.完成；成就，成绩acid n.酸；酸的，酸性的acquaintance n.认识；了解；熟人acquire vt.取得；获得；学到acre n.英亩(=6.07亩)act vi.行动；见效 n.行为action n.行动；作用；功能active a.活跃的；积极的activity n.活动；活力；行动actress n.女演员actually ad.实际上；竟然acute a.尖的，锐的；敏锐的adapt vt.使适应；改编add vt.添加，附加，掺加addition n.加，加法；附加物additional a.附加的，追加的address n.地址；演说；谈吐adequate a.足够的；可以胜任的adjective n.形容词 a.形容词的adjust vt.调整，调节；校正administration n.管理；管理部门admire vt.钦佩，羡慕，赞赏admission n.允许进入；承认admit vt.承认；准许…进入adopt vt.收养；采用；采取advance vi.前进；提高 n.进展advanced a.先进的；高级的advantage n.优点，优势；好处adventure n.冒险；惊险活动adverb n.副词advertisement n.广告；登广告advisable n.明智的；可取的advise vt.劝告；建议；通知aeroplane n.飞机affair n.事情，事件；事务affect vt.影响；感动affection n.慈爱，爱；爱慕afford vt.担负得起…；提供African a.非洲的 n.非洲人agency n.经办；代理；代理处agent n.代理人，代理商aggressive a.侵略的；好斗的agony n.极度痛苦agreement n.协定，协议；同意agriculture n.农业，农艺；农学aid n.帮助，救护；助手aircraft n.飞机，飞行器airline n.航空公司；航线airplane n.飞机airport n.机场，航空站alarm n.惊恐，忧虑；警报alcohol n.酒精，乙醇allow vt.允许，准许；任alloy n.合金；(金属的)成色alone a.单独的 ad.单独地alphabet n.字母表，字母系统alter vt.改变，变更；改做alternative n.替换物；取舍，抉择although conj.尽管，虽然altitude n.高，高度；高处altogether ad.完全；总而言之aluminium n.铝amaze vt.使惊奇，使惊愕ambition n.雄心，抱负，野心ambulance n.救护车；野战医院amongst prep在…之中(=among) amount n.总数；数量；和ampere n.安培amplify vt.放大，增强；扩大amuse vt.逗…乐；给…娱乐analyse vt.分析，分解，解析analysis n.分析，分解，解析ancestor n.祖宗，祖先anchor n.锚 vi.抛锚，停泊ancient a.古代的，古老的angel n.天使，神差，安琪儿anger n.怒，愤怒 vt.使发怒angle n.角，角度angry a.愤怒的，生气的ankle n.踝，踝节部announce vt.宣布，宣告，发表announcer n.宣告者；播音员annoy vt.使恼怒；打搅annual a.每年的 n.年报anticipate vt.预料，预期，期望anxiety n.焦虑，忧虑；渴望anxious a.忧虑的；渴望的anyway ad.无论如何apart ad.相隔；分开；除去apartment n.一套公寓房间apologize vi.道歉，谢罪，认错apology n.道歉，认错，谢罪apparatus n.器械，仪器；器官apparent a.表面上的；明显的appeal vi.&n.呼吁；申述appear vi.出现；来到；似乎appearance n.出现，来到；外观appetite n.食欲，胃口；欲望appliance n.用具，器具，器械applicable a.能应用的；适当的application n.请求，申请；施用apply vt.应用，实施，使用appoint vt.任命，委任；约定appointment n.任命；约定，约会appreciate vt.欣赏；领会；感谢approach vt.向…靠近 n.靠近appropriate a.适当的，恰当的approval n.赞成，同意；批准approve vt.赞成，称许；批准approximately ad.近似地，大约Arabian a.阿拉伯的arbitrary a.随心所欲的；专断的architecture n.建筑学；建筑式样argument n.争论，辩论；理由arise vi.出现；由…引起arithmetic n.算术，四则运算arouse vt.引起，唤起；唤醒arrangement n.整理，排列；安排arrest vt.逮捕，拘留；阻止arrival n.到达；到来；到达者arrive vi.到达；来临；达到arrow n.箭；箭状物artificial a.人工的；娇揉造作的artist n.艺术家，美术家artistic a.艺术的；艺术家的ash n.灰，灰末；骨灰ashamed a.惭愧(的)；羞耻(的) asleep a.睡着的，睡熟的aspect n.方面；样子，外表assemble vt.集合，召集；装配assembly n.集合；集会；装配assess vt.对(财产等)估价assign vt.指派；分配；指定assignment n.任务，指定的作业assist vt.援助，帮助；搀扶assistant n.助手，助理；助教associate vi.交往 n.伙伴，同事association n.协会，团体；联合assume vt.假定；承担；呈现assure vt.使确信；向…保证astonish vt.使惊讶，使吃惊astronaut n.宇宙航行员，宇航员athlete n.运动员；田径运动员Atlantic a.大西洋的 n.大西洋atmosphere n.大气；空气；气氛atmospheric a.大气的；大气层的atom n.原子；微粒；微量atomic a.原子的；原子能的attach vt.缚，系，贴；附加attack vt.&vi.&n.攻击，进攻attain vt.达到，获得，完成attempt vt.尝试，试图 n.企图attend vt.出席；照顾，护理attention n.注意，留心；注意力attentive a.注意的；有礼貌的attitude n.态度，看法；姿势attract vt.吸引；引起，诱惑attraction n.吸引；吸引力；引力attractive a.有吸引力的attribute vt.把…归因于 n.属性audience n.听众，观众，读者August n.八月aural a.耳的，听觉的Australia n.澳大利亚Australian a.澳大利亚的author n.作者，作家authority n.当局，官方；权力auto n.(口语)汽车automatic a.自动的；机械的automation n.自动，自动化automobile n.汽车，机动车auxiliary a.辅助的；附属的available a.可利用的；通用的avenue n.林荫道，道路；大街average n.平均数 a.平均的aviation n.航空，航空学avoid vt.避免，躲开；撤消await vt.等候，期待awake a.醒着的 vt.唤醒award n.奖，奖品；判定aware a.知道的，意识到的awful a.令人不愉快的awfully ad.令人畏惧的；很awkward a.笨拙的；尴尬的ax n.斧子axis n.轴，轴线；中心线bacteria n.细菌badminton n.羽毛球baggage n.行李bake vt.烤，烘，焙；烧硬balance vt.使平衡；称 n.天平band n.乐队；带；波段bang n.巨响，枪声；猛击banner n.旗，旗帜，横幅bar n.酒吧间；条，杆；栅barber n.理发师bare a.赤裸的；仅仅的bargain n.交易 vi.议价；成交bark n.吠叫声 vi.吠，叫barn n.谷仓；牲口棚barrel n.桶；圆筒；枪管barrier n.栅栏，屏障；障碍basic a.基本的，基础的basically ad.基本上basin n.盆，洗脸盆；盆地basis n.基础，根据bat n.球拍；短棍；蝙蝠bath n.浴，洗澡；浴缸bathe vt.给…洗澡；弄湿bathroom n.浴室；盥洗室battery n.电池；一套，一组battle n.战役；斗争 vi.作战bay n.湾；山脉中的凹处B.C. (缩)公元前beach n.海滩，湖滩，河滩beam n.梁；横梁；束，柱bean n.豆，蚕豆bear n.熊；粗鲁的人bear vt.容忍；负担；生育beard n.胡须，络腮胡子beast n.兽，野兽；牲畜beat vt.&vi.打，敲；打败beautiful a.美的，美丽的beef n.牛肉；菜牛beg vt.&vi.乞求；请求beggar n.乞丐，穷人behalf n.利益，维护，支持behave vi.表现，举止；运转behavior n.行为，举止，态度being n.存在；生物；生命belief n.信任，相信；信念believe vt.相信；认为bell n.钟，铃，门铃；钟声belong vi.属于，附属beloved a.为…的爱的 n.爱人belt n.带，腰带；皮带；区bench n.长凳，条凳；工作台bend vt.使弯曲 vi.弯曲beneath prep.在…下方beneficial a.有利的，有益的benefit n.利益；恩惠；津贴berry n.浆果(如草莓等)beside prep.在…旁边besides ad.而且prep.除…之外bet vt.&vi.&n.打赌betray vt.背叛；辜负；泄漏beyond prep.在…的那边Bible n.基督教《圣经》bill n.账单；招贴；票据billion num.万亿(英)bind vt.捆绑；包扎；装钉biology n.生物学；生态学birthday n.生日，诞生的日期biscuit n.(英)饼干；(美)软饼bite vt.咬，叮，螫；剌穿bitter a.痛苦的；严寒的bitterly ad.苦苦地；悲痛地blade n.刀刃，刀片；叶片blame vt.责备，把…归咎于blank a.空白的 n.空白blanket n.毛毯，毯子，羊毛毯blast n.爆炸，冲击波 vt.炸blaze n.火；闪光 vi.燃烧bleed vi.出血，流血；泌脂blend vt.&vi.&n.混和bless vt.为…祝福blind a.瞎的；盲目的block n.街区 vt.堵塞，拦阻bloom n.花；开花，开花期blossom n.花，开花 vi.开花blow vi.吹，吹动；吹响boast vi.自夸 vt.吹嘘bold a.大胆的；冒失的bolt n.螺栓；插销 vt.闩门bomb n.BoB!!! vt.轰炸bond n.联结，联系；公债bone n.骨，骨骼boot n.靴子，长统靴booth n.货摊；公用电话亭border n.边，边缘；边界bore vt.使厌烦；钻，挖born a.天生的；出生的bosom n.胸，胸部；内心boss n.老板，上司 vt.指挥bother vt.烦扰，迷惑 n.麻烦bough n.树枝bounce vi.反跳，弹起；跳起bound a.一定的；有义务的boundary n.分界线，办界bow n.弓；蝴蝶结；鞠躬bowl n.碗，钵；碗状物box n.箱，盒；包箱；拳击vi.打拳brain n.脑，脑髓；脑力brake n.闸，刹车 vi.制动branch n.树枝；分部；分科brand n.商品；烙印 vt.铭刻brandy n.白兰地酒brass n.黄铜；黄铜器breadth n.宽度，幅度；幅面breathe vi.呼吸 vt.呼吸breed n.品种 vt.使繁殖breeze n.微风，和风brick n.砖，砖块；砖状物brief a.简短的；短暂的brighten vt.使发光；使快活brilliant a.光辉的；卓越的brim n.边，边缘；帽沿brisk a.活泼的；清新的bristle n.短而硬的毛；鬃毛Britain n.不列颠，英国British a.不列颠的，英联邦的brittle a.脆的；易损坏的broadcast n.广播，播音broken a.被打碎的，骨折的bronze n.青铜；青铜制品brood n.同窝幼鸟 vt.孵(蛋) brook n.小河，溪流broom n.扫帚brow n.额；眉，眉毛brown n.褐色，棕色bruise n.青肿，伤痕；擦伤brush n.刷子，毛刷；画笔brute n.禽兽，畜生bubble n.泡 vi.冒泡，沸腾bucket n.水桶；吊桶；铲斗bud n.芽，萌芽；蓓蕾bulb n.电灯泡；球状物bulk n.物体，容积，大批bull n.公牛；雄的象bullet n.枪弹，子弹，弹丸bunch n.束，球，串；一群bundle n.捆，包，束；包袱burden n.担子，重担；装载量bureau n.局，司，处；社，所burst vt.使爆裂 vi.&n.爆炸bury vt.埋葬，葬；埋藏butcher n.屠夫；屠杀者butter n.黄油；奶油butterfly n.蝴蝶button n.扣子；按钮 vt.扣紧cabbage n.洋白菜，卷心菜cabin n.小屋；船舱，机舱cabinet n.橱，柜；内阁cable n.缆，索；电缆；电报cafeteria n.自助食堂calculate vt.计算；估计；计划calculator n.计算器，计算者calendar n.日历，历书；历法camel n.骆驼camera n.照相机，摄影机camp n.野营，营地，兵营campaign n.战役；运动campus n.校园，学校场地Canada n.加拿大Canadian a.加拿大的canal n.运河；沟渠；管cancel vt.取消，撤消；删去cancer n.癌，癌症，肿瘤candidate n.候选人；投考者candle n.蜡烛；烛形物；烛光candy n.糖果；砂糖结晶cannon n.大炮，火炮；榴弹炮canoe n.独木舟，皮艇，划子canteen n.小卖部；临时餐室canvas n.粗帆布；一块油画布capable a.有能力的，有才能的capacity n.容量；能力；能量capital n.资本，资金；首都captain n.陆军上尉；队长captive n.俘虏，被监禁的人capture vt.捕获，俘获；夺得carbon n.碳care vi.关心，介意 n.小心career n.生涯，职业，经历careful a.仔细的；细致的careless a.粗心的，漫不经心的cargo n.船货，货物carpenter n.木工，木匠carpet n.地毯，毡毯，毛毯carriage n.客车厢；四轮马车carrier n.运输工具；运载工具carrot n.胡罗卜carry vt.携带；运载；传送cart n.二轮运货马车carve vt.刻，雕刻；切开case n.情况；事实；病例case n.箱(子)，盒(子)，套cash n.现金，现款cassette n.盒式录音带；盒子cast vt.投，扔，抛；浇铸castle n.城堡；巨大建筑物casual a.偶然的；随便的catalog n.目录，目录册catch vt.捉住；赶上；领会cathedral n.总教堂；大教堂cattle n.牛；牲口，家畜cause n.原因，理由；事业cave n.山洞，洞穴，窑洞cease vi.&vi.&n.停止，停息ceiling n.天花板，顶蓬celebrate vt.庆祝；歌颂，赞美cell n.细胞；小房间cellar n.地窑，地下室cement n.水泥；胶泥 vt.粘结centigrade a.百分度的centimetre n.公分，厘米central a.中心的；主要的centre n.中心；中枢 vt.集中century n.世纪，百年ceremony n.典礼，仪式；礼节certainly ad.一定，必定；当然certainty n.必然；肯定certificate n.证书，证件，执照chain n.链，链条，项圈challenge n.挑战；要求，需要chamber n.会议室；房间；腔champion n.冠军，得胜者chance n.机会，机遇；可能性change n.改变，变化；零钱channel n.海峡；渠道；频道chapter n.章，回，篇character n.性格；特性；角色characteristic a.特有的 n.特性charge vt.索价；控告 n.费用charity n.施舍；慈善事业charming a.迷人的，可爱的chart n.图，图表；海图chase n.追逐，追赶，追求cheap a.廉价的；劣质的cheat vt.骗取；哄 vi.行骗check vt.检查；制止 n.检查cheek n.面颊，脸蛋cheer vt.使振作；欢呼cheerful a.快乐的，愉快的cheese n.乳酪，干酪chemical a.化学的 n.化学制品chemist n.化学家；药剂师chemistry n.化学cheque n.支票cherry n.樱桃；樱桃树chess n.棋；国际象棋chest n.胸腔，胸膛；箱子chew vt.咀嚼，嚼碎chicken n.小鸡，小鸟；鸡肉chief a.主要的；首席的childhood n.童年，幼年；早期childish a.孩子的；幼稚的chill vt.使变冷 n.寒冷chimney n.烟囱，烟筒；玻璃罩chin n.颏，下巴china n.瓷器，瓷料chocolate n.巧克力；巧克力糖choice n.选择，抉择choke vt.使窒息；塞满choose vt.选择，挑选；情愿chop vt.砍，劈；切细vi.砍Christian n.基督教徒；信徒Christmas n.圣诞节cigarette n.香烟，纸烟，卷烟cinema n.电影院；电影，影片circuit n.电路；环行；巡行circular a.圆的；循环的circulate vt.使循环 vi.循环circumference n.圆周，周长，圆周线circumstance n.情况，条件；境遇citizen n.公民；市民，居民civil a.公民的；文职的civilization n.文明，文化；开化civilize vt.使文明；教育claim vt.声称，主张；索取clap vi.拍手 vt.拍，轻拍clarify vt.澄清，阐明clasp n.扣子，钩子；别针classical a.古典的；经典的classification n.分类；分级；分类法classify vt.把…分类classmate n.同班同学classroom n.教室，课堂claw n.爪，脚爪，螯clay n.粘土，泥土；肉体clean a.清洁的；纯洁的clear a.清晰的 vt.清除clearly ad.明白地，清晰地clerk n.店员；办事员，职员clever a.聪明的；机敏的cliff n.悬崖，峭壁climate n.气候；风土，地带climb vi.攀登，爬 vt.爬cloak n.斗篷；覆盖(物)closely ad.紧密地，接近地clothe vt.给…穿衣服clue n.线索，暗示，提示clumsy a.笨拙的；愚笨的coach n.长途公共汽车coal n.煤，煤块coarse a.粗的，粗糙的coast n.海岸，海滨(地区)cock n.公鸡；雄禽；旋塞code n.准则；法典；代码coffee n.咖啡，咖啡茶coil n.(一)卷；线圈 vt.卷coin n.硬币；铸造(硬币)collapse vi.倒坍；崩溃，瓦解collar n.衣领，项圈colleague n.同事，同僚collect vt.收集 vi.收款collection n.搜集，收集；收藏品collective a.集体的；集合性的college n.学院；大学collision n.碰撞；冲突colonel n.陆军上校；中校colony n.殖民地；侨居地color n.颜色，彩色；颜料column n.柱，支柱，圆柱comb n.梳子 vt.梳理combination n.结合，联合；化合combine vt.使结合；兼有comfort n.舒适；安慰 vt.安慰comfortable a.舒适的，安慰的command vt.命令，指挥；控制commander n.司令官，指挥员comment n.评论，意见；注释commerce n.商业，贸易；社交commercial a.商业的；商品化的commission n.委任状；委员会commit vt.犯(错误);干(坏事) committee n.委员会；全体委员common a.普通的；共同的commonly ad.普通地，一般地communicate vi.通讯；传达；传播communication n.通讯；传达；交通communism munist主义communist munistparty员community n.社区；社会；公社companion n.同伴；共事者；伴侣company n.公司，商号；同伴comparative a.比较的，相对的compare vt.比较，对照；比作comparison n.比较，对照；比似compass n.罗盘，指南针；圆规compel vt.强迫，迫使屈服compete vi.比赛；竞争；对抗competent a.有能力的；应该做的competition n.竞争，比赛compile vt.编辑，编制，搜集complain vi.抱怨，拆苦；控告complaint n.抱怨；怨言；控告complete a.完整的；完成的completely ad.十分，完全地complex a.结合的；复杂的complicate vt.使复杂；使陷入complicated a.复杂的，难懂的component n.组成部分；分；组件compose vt.组成，构成；创作composition n.构成；作品；写作compound n.化合物；复合词comprehension n.理解；领悟comprehensive a.广泛的；理解的compress vt.压紧，压缩comprise vt.包含，包括；构成compromise n.妥协，和解compute vt.计算，估计，估算computer n.计算机，电脑comrade n.同志，亲密的同伴conceal vt.把…隐藏起来concentrate vt.集中；聚集；浓缩concentration n.集中；专注；浓缩concept n.概念，观念，设想concern n.关心，挂念；关系concerning prep.关于concert n.音乐会，演奏会conclude vt.推断出；结束conclusion n.结论，推论；结尾concrete n.混凝土；具体物condemn vt.谴责，指责；判刑condense vt.压缩，使缩短condition n.状况，状态；环境conduct n.举止，行为；指导conductor n.售票员；(乐队)指挥conference n.会议，讨论会confess vt.供认，承认；坦白confidence n.信任；信赖；信心confident n.确信的，自信的confine vt.限制；禁闭confirm vt.证实，肯定；批准conflict n.争论；冲突；斗争confuse vt.使混乱，混淆confusion n.混乱；骚乱；混淆congratulate vt.祝贺，向…道喜congratulation n.祝贺；祝贺词congress n.大会；国会，议会conjunction n.接合，连接；连接词connect vt.连接，连结；联系connection n.连接，联系；连贯性conquer vt.征服，战胜；破除conquest n.攻取，征服；克服conscience n.良心，道德心conscious a.意识到的；有意的consciousness n.意识，觉悟；知觉consent n.同意，赞成 vi.同意consequence n.结果，后果consequently ad.因此，因而，所以conservation n.保存，保护；守恒conservative a.保守的 n.保守的人consider vt.认为；考虑；关心considerable a.相当大的；重要的considerate a.考虑周到的；体谅的consideration n.考虑，思考；体贴consist vi.由…组成；在于consistent a.坚持的，一贯的constant a.经常的；永恒的constitution n.章程；体质；构造construct vt.建造；建设；构筑construction n.建造；建筑；建筑物consult vt.请教，查阅consume vt.消耗，消费；消灭consumption n.消耗量；消耗contact vt.使接触；与…联系contain vt.包含，容纳；等于container n.容器；集装箱contemporary a.当代的，同时代的contempt n.轻蔑；藐视；受辱content n.内容，目录；容量content a.满意的，满足的contest vt.争夺，争取；辩驳continent n.大陆；陆地；洲continual a.不断的；连续的continue vt.继续，连续；延伸continuous a.连续不断的，持续的contract n.契约，合同；婚约contradiction n.矛盾，不一致；否认contrary a.相反的 n.相反contrast n.对比，对照，悬殊contribute vt.捐献，捐助；投稿control vt.控制，克制 n.控制convenience n.便利，方便；厕所convenient a.便利的；近便的convention n.习俗，惯例；公约conventional a.普通的；习惯的conversation n.会话，非正式会谈conversely ad.相反地conversion n.转变，转化；改变convert vt.使转变；使改变convey vt.传送；运送；传播convince vt.使确信，使信服cook vt.烹调，煮 vt.烧菜cooperate vi.合作，协作；配合coordinate vt.使协调，调节cope vi.对付，应付copper n.铜；铜币，铜制器copy n.抄件 vt.抄写，复制cord n. 细绳，粗线，索cordial a.真诚的，诚恳的core n.果实的心，核心corn n.谷物；(英)小麦corner n.角；犄角；边远地区corporation n.公司，企业；社团correct a.正确的 vt.纠正correction n.改正，纠正，修改correspond vi.相符合；相当correspondent n.通信者；通讯员corresponding a.相应的；符合的corridor n.走廊，回廊，通路cost n.价格，代价；成本costly a.昂贵的；价值高的cottage n.村舍，小屋cotton n.棉；棉线；棉布council n.理事会，委员会count vt.计算 vi.数，计数counter n.柜台；计数器county n.英国的郡，美国的县course n.课程；过程；一道菜court n.法院，法庭；庭院cousin n.堂(或表)兄弟(姐妹) coward n.懦夫；胆怯者crack n.裂缝，裂纹 vi.爆裂craft n.工艺；手艺，行业crane n.起重机，摄影升降机crash vi.碰撞，坠落 n.碰撞crawl vi.爬，爬行crazy a.疯狂的，荒唐的cream n.奶油，乳脂；奶油色create vt.创造；引起，产生creative a.创造性的，创作的creature n.生物，动物，家畜credit n.信用贷款；信用creep vi.爬行；缓慢地行进crew n.全体船员cricket n.板球；蟋蟀crime n.罪，罪行；犯罪criminal n.犯人，罪犯，刑事犯cripple n.跛子；残废的人crisis n.危机；存亡之际critic n.批评家，爱挑剔的人critical a.决定性的；批评的criticism n.批评；批判；评论criticize vt.批评；评论；非难crop n.农作物，庄稼；一熟crow n.鸦，乌鸦 vi.啼crowd n.群；大众；一伙人crown n.王冠，冕；花冠crude a.简陋的；天然的cruel a.残忍的，残酷的crush vt.压碎，碾碎；镇压crust n.面包皮；硬外皮crystal n.水晶，结晶体；晶粒cube n.立方形；立方cubic a.立方形的；立方的cucumber n.黄瓜cultivate vt.耕；种植；培养culture n.文化，文明；教养cunning a.狡猾的，狡诈的cupboard n.碗柜，碗碟橱；食橱cure vt.医治；消除 n.治愈curiosity n.好奇，好奇心；珍品curious a.好奇的；稀奇古怪的curl n.卷毛；螺旋 vi.卷曲current a.当前的；通用的curse n.诅咒，咒骂；天谴curtain n.帘，窗帘；幕(布)curve n.曲线；弯 vt.弄弯cushion n.垫子，坐垫，靠垫custom n.习惯，风俗；海关customer n.顾客，主顾cycle n自行车，循环daily a.每日的 n.日报dairy n.牛奶场；乳制品dam n.水坝，水堤；障碍物damage vt.损害，毁坏 n.损害damp a.潮湿的，有湿气的dangerous a.危险的，不安全的daring a.大胆的，勇敢的darling n.亲爱的人；宠儿dash vt.使猛撞；溅 n.猛冲data n.数据; 资料dawn n.黎明；开端 vi.破晓deadly a.致命的，死一般的deal n.买卖；待遇 vt.给予dear a.亲爱的 int.啊death n.死，死亡；灭亡debate n.&vi.争论，辩论debt n.债，债务，欠债decade n.十年，十年期decay vi.腐烂；衰败 n.腐烂deceit n.欺骗，欺诈deceive vt.欺骗，蒙蔽，行骗December n.十二月decent a.正派的；体面的decide vt.决定，决心；解决decision n.决定，决心；果断deck n.甲板；舱面；层面declare vt.断言；声明；表明decorate vt.装饰，装璜，修饰decrease vi.&n.减少，减少deduce vt.演绎，推论，推断deed n.行为；功绩；契约deepen vt.加深 vi.深化defeat vt.战胜，击败；挫败defect n.缺点，缺陷，欠缺defence n.防御；防务；辩护defend vt.保卫，防守define vt.给…下定义；限定definite a.明确的；肯定的definitely ad.一定地，明确地definition n.定义，释义；定界degree n. 程度；度；学位delay vt. 推迟；耽搁；延误delete vi. 删除 vt.删除；擦掉delegation n.代表团delicate a.纤细的；易碎的delicious a.美味的，怡人的delight n.快乐 vt.使高兴deliver vt.投递，送交；发表delivery n.投递；交付；分娩demand vt.要求；需要；询问democracy n.民主，民主制democratic a.民主的，民主政体的demonstrate vt.说明；论证；表露dense a.密集的；浓厚的density n.密集，稠密；密度deny vt.否定；拒绝相信depart vi.离开，起程；出发department n.部，司，局，处，系departure n.离开，出发，起程depend vi.依靠，依赖；相信dependent a.依靠的，依赖的deposit vt.使沉淀；存放depress vt.使沮丧；按下depth n.深度；深厚；深处derive vt.取得 vi.起源descend vi.下来，下降；下倾describe vt.形容；描写，描绘description n.描写，形容；种类desert n.沙漠 vt.离弃；擅离deserve vt.应受，值得design vt.设计 n.设计；图样desirable a.值得相望的；可取的desire vt.相望；要求 n.愿望despair n.绝望 vi.绝望desperate a.拼死的；绝望的despise vt.鄙视，蔑视despite prep.不管，不顾destination n.目的地，终点；目标destroy vt.破坏；消灭；打破destruction n.破坏，毁灭，消灭detail n.细节；枝节；零件detect vt.察觉，发觉；侦察detection n.察觉，发觉；侦察determination n.决心；决定；确定determine vt.决定；查明；决心develop vt.发展；形成；开发development n.发展；开发；生长device n.器械，装置；设计devil n.魔鬼，恶魔devise vt.设计，发明devote vt.将…奉献，致力于dew n.露，露水diagram n.图解，图表，简图dial n.钟面；拨号盘 vt.拨dialect n.方言，土语，地方话dialog n.对话，对白diameter n.直径diamond n.金钢石，钻石；菱形diary n.日记，日记簿dictate vt.&vi.口授；命令dictation n.口授笔录，听写dictionary n.词典，字典differ vi.不同，相异difference n.差别；差；分歧different a.差异的；各种的difficult a.困难的；难对付的difficulty a.困难；难事；困境digest vt.消化；领会 n.文摘digital a.数字的，计数的diligent a.勤勉的，勤奋的dim a.昏暗的；朦胧的dimension n.尺寸，尺度；面积dinner n.正餐，主餐；宴会dip vt.浸，蘸 vi.浸一浸direct a.直接的；直率的direction n.方向，方位；指导directly ad.直接地；立即director n.指导者；理事；导演dirt n.尘，土；污物，污垢dirty a.脏的；下流的disable vt.使无能，使伤残disadvantage n.不利，不利地位disagree vi.有分歧；不一致disappear vi.不见，失踪；消失disappoint vt.使失望，使受挫折disaster n.灾难，灾祸；天灾disk n.圆盘，唱片；磁盘discard vt.丢弃，抛弃，遗弃discharge vt.释放；排出 n.释放discipline n.纪律；训练 vt.训练disclose vt.揭开，揭发；透露discourage vt.使泄气，使灰心discover vt.发现；暴露，显示discovery n.发现；被发现的事物discuss vt.讨论，谈论；论述disease n.病，疾病；病害disguise vi.隐瞒，掩埋 n.假装disgust n.厌恶，憎恶dish n.碟，盘子；菜肴dishonour n.不光彩；丢脸的人dismiss vt.不再考虑；解雇disorder n.混乱，杂乱；骚乱display vt.陈列，展览；显示disposal n.丢掉，处理，销毁dispose vi.去掉，丢掉；销毁displease vt.使不愉快，使生气dispute vi.争论，争执 n.争论dissatisfy vi.使不满，使不平dissolve vt.使溶解；解散distance n.距离，间距；远处distant a.在远处的，疏远的distinct a.与其他不同的distinction n.差别，不同，区分distinguish vt.区别，辨别，认别distress n.忧虑，悲伤；不幸distribute vt.分发，分送；分布distribution n.分发，分配；分布district n.区；地区，区域disturb vt.打扰，扰乱；弄乱ditch n.沟，沟渠，渠道dive vi.跳水；潜水；俯冲diverse a.不一样的，相异的divide vt.分；分配；分开division n.分，分配；除法divorce n.离婚，离异 vi.离婚dock n.船坞；码头；船厂domestic a.本国的；家庭的donkey n.驴；笨蛋dorm n.宿舍dormitory n.集体寝室；宿舍dose n.剂量，用量；一剂dot n.点，圆点 vt.打点于doubt n.怀疑；疑虑 vt.怀疑doubtful a.难以预测的；怀疑的doubtless ad.无疑地；很可能downward a.向下的 ad.向下地dozen n.一打，十二个draft n.草稿；汇票 vt.起草drag vt.拖，拉；拖曳dragon n.龙；凶暴的人drain vt.排去；放水 n.耗竭drama n.一出戏剧，剧本dramatic a.引人注目的，戏剧的draw vt.画，划；拖；拨出drawer n.抽屉drawing n.图画，素描；绘图dread n.畏惧；KB vt.惧怕dream n.梦；梦想 vi.做梦dress n.女服，童装；服装drift vi.漂流，漂泊 n.漂流drill n.钻头；操练 vi.钻孔drink vt.饮 vi.喝 n.饮料drip vi.滴下；漏水 n.水滴drop vt.使落下；降低drought n.旱灾，干旱drown vi.淹死，溺死drug n.药，药物，药材drum n.鼓；鼓状物，圆桶drunk a.醉的；陶醉的dry a.干的，干燥的due a.预期的；应给的dull a.枯燥的；不鲜明的dumb a.哑的；无言的dump vt.倾卸，倾倒；倾销durable a.耐久的，耐用的duration n.持续，持久during prep.在…期间dwelling n.住处，寓所dye vt.染 n.染料；染色dying a.垂死的；临终的dynamic a.有活力的；动力的each pron.各，各自 a.各eager a.渴望的，热切的eagle n.鹰ear n.耳朵；听力，听觉early ad.早 a.早的，早期的earn vt.赚得，挣得；获得earnest a.认真的，诚恳的earthquake n.地震；大震荡ease n.容易，舒适 vt.缓和easily ad.容易地；舒适的eastern a.东方的；朝东的echo n.回声，反响 vi.重复economic a.经济的，经济学的economical a.节约的；经济学的economy n.经济；节约，节省edge n.边缘，边；刀口edition n.版，版本，版次editor n.编辑，编者，校订者educate vt.教育；培养；训练education n.教育；训导；教育学effect n.结果；效果，效力effective a.有效的；有影响的efficiency n.效率；功效，效能efficient a.效率高的，有能力的effort n.努力；努力的成果elaborate a.复杂的；精心制作的elastic n.松紧带 a.有弹性的elbow n.肘，肘部；弯管elect vt.选举，推选；选择election n.选举，选择权；当选electric a.电的，电动的electrical a.电的，电气科学的electricity n.电，电学；电流electron n.电子electronic a.电子的electronics n.电子学element n.成分；要素；元素elementary a.基本的；初级的elephant n.象elevator n.电梯；升降机eliminate vt.消灭，消除，排除elimination n.消灭，排除，消除else ad.其它，另外 a.别的elsewhere ad.在别处，向别处embarrass vt.使窘迫，使为难embrace vt.拥抱；包括；包围emerge vi.出现，涌现；冒出emergency n.紧急情况，突然事件emit vt.散发；发射；发表emotional a.感情的，情绪的emperor n.皇帝emphasis n.强调，重点，重要性emphasize vt.强调，着重empire n.帝国employ vi.雇用；用；使忙于employee n.受雇者，雇员，雇工employer n.雇佣者，雇主employment n.工业；雇用；使用enclose vt.围住，圈起；附上encounter vt.遭遇，遇到 n.遭遇encourage vt.鼓励，支持，助长endure vt.忍受；容忍enemy n.敌人；仇敌；敌兵energy n.活力；精力；能enforce vt.实施，执行；强制engage vt.使从事于；聘用engine n.发动机，引擎；机车engineer n.工程师，技师engineering n.工程，工程学enlarge vt.扩大，扩展；放大enormous a.巨大的，庞大的ensure vt.保证；保护；赋予entertain vt.使欢乐；招待enthusiasm n.热情，热心，热忱enthusiastic a.热情的，热心的entire a.全部的，整个的entitle vt.给…权利(或资格) entrance n.入口，门口；进入entry n.入口处；登记；进入envelope n.信封；封套；封皮environment n.环境，外界；围绕envy vt.&n.妒忌；羡慕equal a.相等的；平等的equality n.等同，平等；相等equation n.方程(式)；等式equip vt.装备，配备equipment n.装备，设备，配备equivalent a.相等的；等量的era n.时代，年代；纪元erect vt.建造；使竖立error n.错误，谬误；差错escape vi.逃跑；逸出 n.逃跑especially ad.特别，尤其，格外essay n.短文，散文，小品文essential a.必要的，本质的establish vt.建立，设立；确立establishment n.建立，设立，确立estimate vt.估计，评价 n.估计European a.欧洲的 n.欧洲人evaluate vt.评价，估…的价evaporate vt.使蒸发 vi.蒸发eve n.前夜，前夕，前一刻even ad.甚至；甚至更，还even a.均匀的；平的event n.事件，大事；事变eventually ad.终于；最后ever ad.在任何时候；曾经evidence n.根据；证据，证人evident a.明显的，明白的evil n.邪恶；祸害 a.坏的evolution n.进化，演化；发展evolve vt.使进化；使发展exactly ad.确切地；恰恰正是exaggerate vt.&vi.夸大，夸张examination n.考试；检查，细查examine vt.检查，仔细观察example n.例子，实例；模范exceed vt.超过，胜过；超出exceedingly ad.极端地，非常excellent a.优秀的，杰出的except prep.除…之外exception n.例外，除外excess n.超越；过量；过度excessive a.过多的，极度的exchange vt.交换；交流 n.交换excite vt.使激动；引起exciting a.令人兴奋的exclaim vi.呼喊；惊叫exclude vt.把…排除在外exclusively ad.专门地excursion n.远足；短途旅行excuse vt.原谅；免除 n.借口execute vt.将…处死；实施executive a.执行的 n.执行者exercise n.锻炼，训练 vi.练习exert vt.尽(力)，运用exhaust vt.使筋疲力尽；用尽exhibit vt.显示；陈列，展览exhibition n.展览，陈列；展览会exist vi.存在；生存，生活existence n.存在，实在；生存exit n.出口；退场 vi.退出expand vt.扩大；使膨胀expansion n.扩大，扩充；扩张expect vt.预料，预期；等待expectation n.期待，期望，预期expense n.花费，消费；费用expensive a.昂贵的，花钱多的experience n.经验，感受；经历experiment n.实验；试验experimental a.实验的，试验的expert n.专家 a.熟练的explain vt.解释；为…辩解explanation n.解释，说明；辩解explode vt.使爆炸 vi.爆炸exploit vt.剥削；利用；开拓explore vt.&vi.探险，探索explosion n.爆炸，爆发，炸裂explosive n.de-tona-tor a.爆炸的export vt.输出，出口；运走expose vt.使暴露；揭露exposure n.暴露；揭露；曝光express vt.表示 n.快车，快递expression n.词句；表达；表情extend vt.延长；扩大；致extension n.延长部分；伸展extensive a.广阔的；广泛的extent n.广度；范围；程度exterior a.外部的；对外的external a.外部的，外面的extra a.额外的 ad.特别地extraordinary a.非同寻常的，特别的extreme a.极度的；尽头的extremely ad.极端，极其，非常eyesight n.视力，目力facility n.设备；容易；便利factor n.因素；因子，系数faculty n.才能，能力；系，科fade vi.褪色；逐渐消失Fahrenheit n.华氏温度计failure n.失败；失败的人faint a.微弱的；虚弱的fair n.定期集市；博览会fairly ad.相当；公平地faith n.信任，信心；信仰faithful a.忠诚的；如实的false a.不真实的；伪造的fame n.名声，名望familiar a.熟悉的；冒昧的famine n.饥荒；严重的缺乏famous a.著名的，出名的fan n.(运动等)狂热爱好者fan n.扇子，风扇 vt.扇fancy n.想象力；设想；爱好fare n.车费，船费，票价farewell int.再会 n.告别fashion n.样子，方式；风尚fashionable a.流行的，时髦的fasten vt.扎牢，扣住fatal a.致命的；命运的fate n.命运，天数father n.父亲；神父；创始人father-in-law n.岳父；公公fatigue n.疲劳，劳累fault n.缺点；过失；故障faulty a.有错误的，有缺点的favour n.好感；赞同；恩惠favourable a.有利的；赞成的favourite a.特别受喜爱的fear n.害怕；担心 vt.害怕fearful a.害怕的，可怕的feasible a.可行的；可能的feast n.盛宴，筵席；节日feather n.羽毛；翎毛；羽状物feature n.特征，特色；面貌February n.二月federal a.联邦的；联盟的fee n.费，酬金；赏金feeble a.虚弱的；微弱的feed vt.喂(养) vi.吃饲料feedback n.回授，反馈，反应feel vi.有知觉 vt.触，摸feeling n.感情；感觉，知觉fellow n.人，家伙；伙伴female n.雌性的动物；女子fence n.栅栏fertile a.肥沃的；多产的fertilizer n.肥料festival n.节日；音乐节fetch vt.拿来；请来，接去fever n.发热，发烧；狂热fibre n.纤维，纤维质fiction n.小说；虚构，杜撰fierce a.凶猛的，狂热的figure n.数字；外形；人物file n.档案 vt.把…归档fill vt.装满，盛满；占满film n.影片；胶卷；薄层filter vt.过滤 n.滤纸final a.最后的；决定性的finally ad.最后；不可更改的finance n.财政，金融；财源financial a.财政的，金融的find vt.找到；发觉；找出finding n.发现；调查的结果fine a.美好的；纤细的；罚金，罚款finger n.手指；指状物finish vt.完成，结束 n.结束fireman n.消防队员；司炉工firm n.商行，商号，公司。
大学英语四级词汇串讲ppt课件
They've set off on a journey round the world. 他们已经开始环游世界.
❖ Answer: Adapt themselves to the new environment
为了规范事业单位聘用关系，建立和 完善适 应社会 主义市 场经济 体制的 事业单 位工作 人员聘 用制度 ，保障 用人单 位和职 工的合 法权益
Extensive and intensive
Extensive: 广泛的 Eg: extensive reading
adopt：采纳,采取,收养
Eg: He was able to persuade his boss to adopt his plans.
adapt...(to) 适应于 Adapt oneself to sth Eg: One should adapt oneself to the changed
❖ off：“离开“
Cut off Set off Go off
为了规范事业单位聘用关系，建立和 完善适 应社会 主义市 场经济 体制的 事业单 位工作 人员聘 用制度 ，保障 用人单 位和职 工的合 法权益
怎么复习词组???
❖ 大纲要求掌握１０００多个词组，但真正考 到的不到１００个
❖ 再缩小一点：２００８－２０１２年真题中 出现的短语（重点词汇）
subway on his way home. 转调 3. He has been transferred from Beijing to
专业四级辅导词汇讲义
专业四级辅导词汇讲义第一节概述历年词汇题共计212道。
测试重点为固定搭配短语，形容词和副词，动词及名词。
重点词汇大约848个，其中固定短语252个，形容词和副词236个，动词184个，名词176个。
关键：做好真题！！考题类型：短语搭配，异形异义，异形近义，近形异义，近形近义第二节短语搭配63道题，252个搭配(注意介词的特定含义)常用动词：get，take，put，entitle，hand，carry，come，draw，keep，stand，pa y，look，suppose，possess，throw，pull，bring，dispose，admit，intend，absor b，engross，involve，do，preside，catch，work，fall，fit，prefer，reduce，part，make。
（30 questions）常用介词：as，by，with，without，in，on，for，of，to，over，off （17 questi ons）专考：so，such （5 questions）其他：111．The old couple would never _____ the loss of their son. (2002)A. get overB. get awayC. get offD. get across2. My mother can’t get _____ because she has rheumatism. (2000)A. aboutB. onC. throughD. in3. Most people can’t get _____ the day wit hout at least one cup of tea of cof fee. (1995)A. onB. throughC. overD. by4. Half the excuses she gives are not true, but she always seems to _____ the m. (1996)A. get on withB. get away withC. get up fromD. get in on5. Isn’t i t time you _____ some serious work before the examination?A. got down toB. took up withC. got off withD. put down to6. As the drug took _____ the patient became quieter. (1995)A. forceB. effectC. actionD. influence7. I was very much put _____ by Mark’s rude behavior, it really annoyed me. (2000)A. overB. offC. upD. by8. The membership card entitled him _____ certain privileges in the club. (199 8)A. onB. inC. atD. to9. She refused to _____ the door key to the landlady until she got back her d eposit. (1999)A. hand inB. hand outC. hand downD. hand over10. If he _____ in that way for much longer he will find himself in the bank ruptcy court. (1996)A. carries onB. carries offC. carried byD. carried away11. Am I to understand that his new post _____ no responsibility with it at al l?A. keepsB. supportsC. carriesD. possesses12. Very few scientists _____ with completely new answers to the world’s pro blems. (1996)A. come toB. come roundC. come onD. come up13. The plans for the building were _____ a few months ago. (1993)A. drawn onB. drawn backC. drawn outD. drawn up14. Although the false bank-notes fooled many people, they did not _____ to close examination. (1996)A. look upB. pay upC. keep upD. stand up15. Because of his poor health, it took him a long time to throw _____ his b ad cold. (1995)A. offB. awayC. downD. over16. Mr. Brown’s condi tion looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will pull _____. (1995)A. upB. throughC. outD. back17. In the next few years major changes will be _____ in China’s industries. (1994)A. brought forwardB. brought aboutC. brought onD. brought up18. Please dispose _____ those old newspapers while you’re cleaning up the r oom. (1994)A. outB. ofC. awayD. in19. This question admits _____ several answers. (1992)A. forB. withC. ofD. to20. He was s o _____ on his work that he didn’t hear her come in. (1994)A. intentB. absorbedC. engrossedD. involved21. The Christmas presents were all _____ in shiny paper. (1994)A. done overB. done withC. done outD. done up22. Mr. Anderson presided _____ the board meeting on behalf of the Chairma n. (1993)A. atB. overC. onD. in23. The album might well have _____ had it been less expensive. (1993)A. worked outB. fallen throughC. caught onD. fitted in24. The children prefer camping in the mountains _____ an indoor activity. (1 998)A. toB. thanC. forD. with25. During the famine, many people were _____ to going without food for da ys. (2001)A. sunk D. reduced C. forced D. declined26. In order to raise money, Aunt Nicola had to _____ with some of her mos t treasured possessions. (2001)A. divideB. separateC. partD. abandon27. For the success of the project, the company should _____ the most of the opportunities at hand. (1998)A. obtainB. graspC. catchD. make28. As my exams are coming next week, I’ll take advantage of the weekend t o _____ on some reading. (2004)A. catch upB. clear upC. make upD. pick up29. He will have to _____ his indecent behaviour one day. (2003)A. answer toB. answer forC. answer backD. answer about30. Whenever possible, Ina ____ how well he speaks Japanese. (2003)A. shows upB. shows aroundC. shows offD. shows out1.You needn’t wor ry _____ regards the cost of the operation. (2001)A. withB. whichC. asD. about2. I only know the man by _____ but I have never spoken to him. (2001)A. chanceB. heartC. sightD. experience3. His expenditure on holidays and luxuries is rather high in _____ to his inc ome. (2001)A. comparisonB. proportionC. associationD. calculation4. You must let me have the annual report without _____ by ten o’clock tom orrow morning. (2000)A. failureB. hesitationC. troubleD. fail5. As the director can’t come to the reception, I’m representing the company _ ____. (2000)A. on his accountB. on his behalfC. for his partD. in his in terest6. The fact that the management is trying to reach agreement _____ five separ ate unions has led to long negotiations. (1999)A. overB. uponC. inD. with7. The office has to be shut down _____ funds. (1996)A. being a lack ofB. from back ofC. to a lack ofD. for lac k of8. She may be _____ experience, but she learns quickly. (1993)A. lackingB. lacking inC. in need forD. in lack of9. The ticket taker at the football game tore the tickets _____. (1993)A. in halfB. by halfC. in halvesD. at half10. _____ all probability nobody would have complained if Mary had not told the neighbours about it. (1992)A. ToB. InC. ForD. At11. The police let him go, because they didn’t find him guilty _____ the mur der. (1999)A. ofB. inC. overD. on12. The guest team was beaten by the host team 2 _____ 4 in last year’s CFA Cup Final. (1999)A. overB. inC. toD. against13. They had a pleasant chat _____ a cup of coffee. (1995)run: yes"> C. during D. over14. A ship with a heavy load of timber is reported to have sunk _____ the c oast of California. (1994)A. offB. onC. atD. in15. Issues of price, place, promotion, and product are _____ conventional conc erns in planning marketing strategies. (2004)A. these of the mostB. most of thoseC. among the mostD. a mong the many of16. He plays tennis to the _____ of all other sports. (2004)A. eradicationB. exclusionC. extensionD. inclusion17. At three thousands fee, wide plains begin to appear and there is never a moment when some distant mountain is not _____. (2003)A. on viewB. at a glanceC. on the sceneD. in sightget on get about get across get ahead get along get along with get atget away get away with get back at get by get down to get in get i nto get offget on get on to get out get round get togethertake after take apart take away take down take in take off take on t ake outtake over take to take upput across put aside put away put down put forward put in put off put on put output through put up put up withentitlehand down hand in hand on hand out hand overcarry away carry off carry on carry out carry throughcome about come along come across come at come before come by come down oncome into come off come on come out come round come round to come throughcome to come up come up against come up to come up withdraw aside draw back draw in draw into draw on draw out draw upkeep at keep back keep down keep off keep to keep upstand by stand for stand out stand up for stand up topay back pay for pay off pay out pay uplook at look back look back on look down on look in look into lo ok on look overlook round look through look to look up look up tosupposesubject topossessthrow off throw up throw awaypull down pull in pull off pull out pull through put upbring about bring back bring down bring forward bring out bring r oundbring through bring together bring updisposeadmit of admit tointend toabsord inengrossinvolve indo away with do down do for do with do without do uppresidecatch at catch on catch up withwork out work upfall in fall to fall back on fall behind fall for fall in with fall int o fall off fall out fall through fall tofitprefer toreducepartmake away with make for make of make off make out make up m ake up formake up to make wayas a rule as best one can as concerns as follows as for as to as rega rdsby accident by air by all means by all nerves by and by by and larg e by chanceby far by heart by means of by mistake by night by request by turnsby virtue of by way ofwith regard to with respect to with the view ofin a sense in accordance with in all in any case(event) in charge of in c ommon in comparison with in consequence in debt to sb indetail in di fficulties in effectin face of in faith in force in full in half in light of in line (with) i n no casein no time in one’s honour in part in particular in person in place in proportion toin public in question in regard to in return in season in session in short in sightin step in terms of in the end in the heat of in the least in the long r un in the name of in the negative in the way in turn in vain in vie w of in useon a large scale on account of on an average on balance on behalf of on businesson condition that on credit on display on duty on earth on end on fire on no accounton occasion on one’s own on principle on purpose on relief on sale on the nailon second thoughts on the contrary on the grounds of on the lips of on the run on the side on the spot on the table on the turn on viewfor ages for good for life for sale for sure for the best for the better for the futurefor the time beingof one’s own of itselfto a day to date to say nothing of to some extent to the contrary to the life to the limitto the number of to the pointoveroff and on off balance off dutyso much so that其他固定搭配1.I can’t go --- for one thing, I have no money, and _____, I have too much work.A. what’s moreB. as wellC. for anotherD. in addition2._____ him tomorrow?A. Why not to call onB. Why don’t call onC. Why not cal ling onD. Why not call on3.He was _____ to tell the truth even to his closest friend. (2001)A. too much of a cowardB. too much the cowardC. a coward enoughD. enough of a coward4.He’s _____ as a “bellyacher”---he’s always comp laining about something.(1999)A. who is knownB. whom is knownC. what is knownD. which is known5.I felt that I was not yet ____ to travel abroad. (1997)A. too strongB. strong enoughC. so strongD. enough strong6.You’d better look at the difficulty _____. (1995)A. the other wayB. by the other wayC. another wayD. by anothe r way7.She has taken great pains to conceal her emotions, and thereby made them_____ conspicuous. (1994)A. all the moreB. all the muchC. all moreD. all much8.She said she would work it out herself _____ ask me for help. (1993)A. and not toB. but notC. and prefer notD. rather than9._____, he is ready to accept suggestions from different sources. (1997)A. Instead of his contributionsB. For all his notable contributionsC. His making notable contributionsD. However his notable contributions10.______ your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work.A. UnlessB. But forC. Except forD. Not for第三节动词动词词义辨析是词汇考试的重点. 每年平均考题为3.54道. 以往考试中动词词义辨析试题总计46题, 约184个常用单词.Involve include combine containResult assure entail accomplishObtain improve benefit continueChallenge obstructed resist struggleAssemble ariserise resultConfess declare claim confirmUse apply try practiceAssign tackle realize solveFrustrate prevent discourage accomplishPreside introduce chair dominateSwerve twist depart swingVisit travel watch tourExchange transfer convey convertEngage devote seek pursueOriginate stem derive descendPause halt repel keepResign surrender release abandon Ensure examine verify testify Force press provide poseRefrain prevent resist restrainAvoid prohibit reject repell Change adapt modify confirm Depart abandon vacate displace Inform notify instruct acquaint Reject deny withheld depriveFaint pale bleach fadeShrink shorten contract condense Punch slap knock whipRinse wipe sweep scrubAppeal claim beg pleadTurn change float fluctuate Discover uncover tell disclose Dismiss discharge expel resignReduce refresh release recover Disfavour dispel disqualify dismiss Acknowledge afford allow account Spin shiver shake staggerArouse arise raise riseSkate skid slid slipSpread separate splash scatter Recover renew restore replace Discard dispel dispose discharge Drain drop spill dripRecover restore renew revive第四节副词，形容词词义辨析平均每年测试4.54. 试题总计59道, 约236个常用词异形异义relevant simultaneous consistent practical restless skill strong versatiledistant slim unlikely narrowconsistently consequently invariably fortunately exploit controversial inexhaustible remarkable uninformative startling harmless uncontrollable promising agreeing pleasing obligingindicative positive revealing evidentconcerning dependent connecting relevant similar singular different separateprofound productive prosperous plentiful thereof thereby thereabouts thereafter异形近义load crowd fill squeezeonly quite narrowly seldomnormal average usual generalaverage common usual normalempty vacant free desertempty blank desert vacantnearly hardly merely barelyeconomic thrifty frugal carefuleconomic miserly disgusted playfulurgent instant prompt hastyviolently severely extremely radicallyeternal infinite ceaseless everlastingnumerous vast most massivequiet silent mute speechlessstale smoke misty wetproficient outstanding prominent experiencedabsorbed attentive consumed intentbase prime raw roughrare unusual extraordinary uniqueinvaluable priceless unworthy worthlessadapted equipped suited fittedvibrant violent energetic full形似异义substantial spontaneous simultaneous synthetic regretful regrettable regretting regrettedconfidentially proudly assuredly confidently subsequently successively predominantly preliminarily respectable respectful respective respecting considered considerate considerable considering honest honored honorary honorificsensible sensitive tough reasonableinsensitive allergic sensible infectedimagining imaginative imaginable imaginary neglectful negligible neglected negligentunjustified unjust misguided unacceptedlatter latest later lastfavoured favourable favourite favouringeloquent effective emotional emphatic形似近义special peculiar particular specificexceedingly excessively extensively exclusively worthless invaluable unworthy priceless insistent persistent consistent resistant intermediate middle medium mid第五节名词词义辨析平均3.38道, 共计44道题, 约176个常用名词.异形异义air mood area climatetrouble obscurity ignorance misgivings practice intention state occasionreaction comment impression comprehension limit loss poverty scarcity异形近义award compensation prize rewardapplication bid proposal suggestionpieces essays fragments extractsdifference distinction comparison division separation division distinction difference order form state circumstanceorigin generation descent causeway track road lanepreparation requirement specification provision move step speed paceaffair luck event chanceremark warning notice attentionannoyance offence resentment irritation intention interest wish desireblank space pause waiteffort strength attempt forceaccess entrance way pathlandlord tenant client proprietor nuisance disturbance trouble annoyance vision idea imagination illusionwork career post employment proficiency capability strength capacity spot mark stain patchways possibility plan meanshint mention clue commentquery hint thought cluejunk litter scrap depositcommemorate memorise remember remind hold grip grasp seizurebarn stable kennel shedcapacity opening range scopesign mark signal boardsheets scrap page slicedisgust curse grudge hatredoutline reference frame outlookfurniture furnitures possession possessionsdisapproval distaste dissatisfaction dismay glance glimpse glare gleamword。
大学英语四级词汇一笑而过讲义
大学英语四级词汇一笑而过词汇导学（一）前缀表方向suspect [sə'spekt] n. 嫌疑犯v. 怀疑；猜想su = 下subway n. 地铁spect= 看ins=向里inspect [in'spekt] vt. 检查；视察inspector[ɪn'spektə] n. 检查员inspection [ɪn'spekʃn] n. 视察，检查ex=向外expect [ɪk'spekt; ek-] vt. 期望；指望vi. 期待；预期exit ['eksɪt; 'egzɪt] n. 出口aspect ['æspekt] n. 方面respect [rɪ'spekt] vt. 尊敬，尊重respective [rɪ'spektɪv] adj. 分别的，各自的circum=圆形circumspect ['sɜːkəmspekt] adj. 细心的，周到的；慎重的circumstance ['sɜːkəmst(ə)ns] n. 环境，情况pro=往前prospect ['prɒspekt] n. 前途；预期progress ['prəʊgres] n. 进步，发展；前进prospective [prə'spektɪv] adj. 未来的；预期的后缀表词性spectator [spek'teɪtə] n. 观众；旁观者audience['ɔːdɪəns] n. 观众；听众；读者speculate['spekjʊleɪt] vt. 推断vi. 推测；投机词汇导学（二）spectacular [spek'tækjʊlə] adj. 壮观的，惊人的spectrum ['spektrəm] n. 光谱；频谱；范围forum ['fɔːrəm] n. 论坛spectacle ['spektək(ə)l] n. 精彩的表演；奇特的现象spectacles ['spɛktəklz] n. [轻] 眼镜（spectacle的复数）；大场面contact lens隐形眼镜contact ['kɒntækt] n. 接触，联系vt. 使接触vi. 联系，接触lens [lenz] n. [摄] 镜头；透镜vehicle ['viːɪk(ə)l] n. [车辆] 车辆；工具；交通工具perspective [pə'spektɪv] n. 观点；远景adj. 透视的objective [əb'dʒektɪv] n. 目的；目标adj. 客观的；目标的；宾格的panorama [pænə'rɑːmə] n. 全景词汇导学（三）尽可能短时间认识每个词。
四级词汇讲义(带注释)
yield v.产出；屈服 major ['meidʒә] a.主要的，多数的 occur [ә'kә:(r)] v.发生 vast [vɑ:st; væst] a.广阔的 harvest ['hɑ:vist] v.收割，收获 improvement [im'pru:vmәnt] n.改善，提升 feature ['fi:tʃә] n.面部特征，特征 particularly adv.特别，尤其 sharp [ʃɑ:p] a.锋利的 relative ['relәtiv] n.亲属关系 a.相对的 stability [stә'biliti] n.稳定性 sufficiency [sә'fiʃәnsi] n.充足 reverse [ri'vә:s] a.相反的 v.倒退 problematic [prɔblә'mætik] a.造成问题的 account for 解释 calorie ['kælәri] n.卡路里 grain [ɡrein] n.作物 note [nәut] v.注释，使知道 effort ['efәt] n.努力 security [si'kjʋәriti] n.安全性，安全 qualify ['kwɔlifai] v.使有资质；限定 optimistic [ɔpti'mistik] a.乐观的 argue ['ɑ:ɡju:] v.争论；主张 current ['kʌrәnt] a.流通的，当前的 wilderness ['wildәnis] n.荒野 actual ['æktjuәl] a.实际的 factual a.真实的 debate [di'beit] n.辩论 footnote ['fʋtnәʋt] n.注脚 basis ['beisis] n.基orce n.劳动力，全体员工 flat [flæt] a.扁平的 through v.穿过 produce v.制造 adjust v.调整 just a.正好的 organize v.组织 cost [kɔst] v.花费 absent a.缺席的 present a.出席的，现在的 v.赠送，呈现 n.礼物 rise v.升起 parent n.父母 eyebrow n.眉毛 brow n.眉毛 brush v.刷子 learn v.收获，获知，学习 professor n.教授 before prep.在前 divide v.划分 wheel n.轮 car n.车 part n.部分 sure a.确定的 exit n.出口 knows v.知道 lance n.长矛 v.用长矛刺戳 initiate v.入门，开始；首创 exit v.离开 n.出口 title n.名称，头衔 face n.脸 zone improvement plan 地区提升计划 crisis ['kraisis] n.危机，危急时刻
四级英语核心词汇讲解
四级英语核心词汇讲解一、“abandon”- 发音：[əˈbændən]- 词性：动词。
- 词义：放弃；遗弃；抛弃。
例如：They had to abandon the car and walk.（他们不得不弃车步行。
）二、“ability”- 发音：[əˈbɪləti]- 词性：名词。
- 词义：能力；才能。
例如：He has the ability to solve the problem.（他有解决这个问题的能力。
）三、“absent”- 发音：[ˈæbsənt]- 词性：形容词。
- 词义：缺席的；不在场的。
例如：Several students were absent from class today.（今天有几个学生没来上课。
）四、“absolute”- 发音：[ˈæbsəluːt]- 词性：形容词。
- 词义：绝对的；完全的。
例如：There is no absolute standard for beauty.（美没有绝对的标准。
）五、“absorb”- 发音：[əbˈzɔːb]- 词性：动词。
- 词义：吸收；吸引；使专心。
例如：Plants absorb carbon dioxide.（植物吸收二氧化碳。
）六、“abstract”- 发音：[ˈæbstrækt]（形容词）；[æbˈstrækt]（动词）- 词性：形容词和动词。
- 词义（形容词）：抽象的；理论上的。
例如：Abstract art is not to everyone's taste.（抽象艺术并非人人都能欣赏。
）- 词义（动词）：提取；抽取；做…的摘要。
例如：You should abstract the main ideas from the passage.（你应该从文章中提炼出主要观点。
）七、“abundant”- 发音：[əˈbʌndənt]- 词性：形容词。
四级核心词汇讲义PPT课件
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A. appreciate B. approve approval C. appeal D. apply application
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2. Niagara Falls is a great tourist
_____B_____, drawing millions of visitors
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7.He ___A____ to study harder in the
future so that he could have more
opportunities to find a better job.
[A] resolved
[B] resorted
[C] requested [D] reserved
四级词汇课堂
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Unit 1
1. Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply ____A_____. [A] appreciated [B] approved [C] appealed [D] applied
privileges that average citizens enjoy.
[A] ensured
[B] informed
[C] deprived
[D]derived
A. ensure
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insure assure ensure
sure系列词汇串记
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CET4词汇讲义.doc
四级基础精品词汇讲义大学词汇常用的前缀和后缀1.常用前缀aero-: concerning the air of aircraftplane---aeroplanespace---aerospaceanti-: against: opposite ofnuclear---antinuclearmatter---antimatterwar---antimatterauto-: of or by oneselfbiography---autobiographycriticism---autocriticismbe-: to treat as the stated thingfriend---befriendlittle---belittlebi-: two; twice; doublelingual---bilingualcycle---bicyclebio-: concerning living thingschemistry---biochemistrysphere---biosphereby-, bye-: less importantproduce---by-produceway---bywaycenti-: hundredth partgrade---centigrademeter---centimeterco-: together, withauthor---coauthorexist---coexist col-: (used before l) together, withlocation---collocationcom-(used before b, m, p) together, withpassion---compassioncon-: together, withcentric---concentricfederation---confederationcontra-: oppositediction---contradictionnatural---contranaturalcor-: (used before r) together, withrelate---correlaterespond---correspondcounter-: oppositeact---counteractattack---counterattackcross-: across; going between the stated things and joining themcountry---crosscountrybreed---crossbreedde-:showing an opposite;to remove;to reduce code---decodevalue---devaluedis-: not; the opposite ofadvantage---disadvantageagree---disagreehonest---dishonestem-:(used before b, m, p ) to cause to became body---embodypower---empoweren-: to cause to become; to makedanger---endangerlarge---enlargeex-: former (and still living )minister---ex-ministerwife---ex-wifeextra-: outside; beyondcurricular---extracurricularordinary---extraordinaryfore-: in advance,before; in or an the front arm---forearmwarn---forewarnil-: (used before l ) notlegal---illegalliterate---illiterateim-: (used before b, m, p ) notmoral---immoralpossible---impossiblein-: notdirect---indirectsensitive---insensitiveinfra-: below in a range; beyondred---infraredstructure---infrastructureinter-: between; amongchange---interchangenational---internationalintra-: inside, within; intocity---intracitydepartment---intra-departmentir-: (used before r ) notregular---irregularresponsible---irresponsible kilo-: thousandgram---kilogrammeter---kilometermacro-: large,esp.concerning a whole system rather than particular parts ofeconomics---macroeconomicsstructure---macrostructuremal-: bad or badlyfunction---malfunctiontreat---maltreatmicro-: extremely smallcomputer---microcomputerelectronics---microelectronicsmid-: middleday---middaynight---midnightmini-: small; shortbus---minibusskirt---miniskirtmis-: bad or badly ; wrong or wronglyfortune---misfortuneunderstand---misunderstandmono-: one; singleplane---monoplanetone---monotonemulti-: more than one; manypurpose---multipurposenational---multinationalnon-: notresident---non(-)residentsense---nonsenseout-: outside; beyondlive---outlivedoor---outdoorover-: too much; above; additionalhead---overheadtime---overtimepoly-: manycentric---polycentricsyllabic---polysyllabicpost-: later than; aftergraduate---postgraduatewar---postwarpre-:before; in advancepay---prepaywar---prewarpro-: in favor of, supportingAmerica---pro-Americaabortion---pro-abortionpseudo-: not real; falsename---pseudonymscience---pseudosiciencere-: again; back to the former stateuntie---reuniteuse---reuseself-: by means of oneself or inself; of, to, with, for, or inoneself or itselfemployed---self-employedtaught---self-taughtsemi-: half; partlycircle---semicirclefinal---semifinalstep-: not by birth but through a parent who has remarriedmother---stepmotherchildren---stepchildrensub-: under, below; less important; part of the stated biggerwholedivide---subdividesection---subsectionsuper-: more, larger, greader than usualmarket---supermarkernatural---supernaturaltele-: at or over a long distance; by or for televisioncommunication---telecommunicationscreen---telescreentherm(o)-: concerning heatchemistry---thermochemistrymeter----thermometertrans-: across, on or to the other side of; betweenAtlantic---transatlanticplant---transplanttri-: three; three timesangular---triangularcycle---tricycleultra-: beyond; very, extremelymodern---ultramodernsound---ultrasoundun-: notcertain---uncertainfortunate---unfortunateunder-: too little; belowdevelop---underdevelopsea---undersrauni-: one, singerform---uniformdirectional---unidirectionalcice-: next in the rank; belowchairman---vice-chairmanpresident---vice-president2.常用后缀（1）名词后缀-ability, -ibilityable---abilityflexible---flexibility-agepost---postageshort---shortage-alarrive---arrivalrefuse---refusal-an, -ian, -arianlibrary---librarianmusic---musician-ance, -enceappear---appearancerefer---reference-ancy, -encyemerge---emergency expect---expectancy-arit, -entapply---applicant correspond---correspindent-cyaccurate---accuratcy private---privacy-domking---kingdomfree---freedom-eeemploy---employee interview---interviewee-er, -or, -arpaint---painterbeg---beggar-crybrave---braveryslave---slavery-eseChina---Chinaese Japan---Japanese-essactor---actoresswaiter---waiteress-fulhand---handfulspoon---spoonful-hoodchild---childhoodman---manhood-icselectron---electronics linguist---linguistics-ion, -ition, -ationcollect---collection observe---observation-ismMarx---Marxism socialist---socialism-istpsychiatry---psychiatrist violin---violinist-ity, -tycruel---crueltypure---purity-mentmove---movementretire---retirement-nessdark---darknesshappy---happiness-ologyclimate---climatologyfuture---futureology-shipfriend---friendshipscholar---scholarship-sion, -ssiondecide---decisionexpand---expansion-thgrow---growthwide---width-ureclose---closureexpose---exposure（2）动词前缀-endeep---deepenfast---fasten-ifyclass---classifysimple---simplify-ize, -isemodern---modernize/modernise popular---popularize/popularize（3）形容词后缀-able, -iblesuit---suitablequestion---questionable-alnature---naturalstructure---structural-an, -arian, -iansuburb---suburban Canada---Canadian-ant, -entdiffer---differentplease---pleasant-ary, -oryadvise---advisorycustom---customary-ateconsider---considerate fortune---fortunate-engold---goldenwood---wooden-eseChina---ChineseJapan---Japanese-freecare—carefreeduty---duty-free-fulcare---carefulpain---painful-ic, -icalatom---atomic psychology---psychological-ishgirl---girlishchild---childish-ivecreate---creative support---supportive-lesshope---hopelesspain---painless-likechild---childlike lady---ladylike-lyman---manlymonth---monthly-ous, -iousdanger---dangerous poison---poisonous-sometire---tiresome trouble---troublesome-warddown---downward up---upward-yguilt---guiltynoise---noisy（4）副词后缀-lyeasy---easilyheavy---heavily-ward, -wardseast---eastward(s) north---nortward(s)-wise clock---clockwise other---otherwise1.inter=between, among 变化型：enter-, intel-如：interfere, interval, interview, entertain2.en=in, into, on, at, near进入某种状态，使～，使成为～变化型：em-如：enable, enclose, encourage, engage, enlarge3.dis=apart, away, not 表出去，剥夺，反对及加强语气作用。
大学英语四级词汇语法考点讲义
大学英语四级词汇语法考点讲义第一部分(一)第一节、解决四级英语长难句的意义1、阅读，抓不住句子重点，在一个句子上浪费太多时间。
最后根据不完整的理解，碰运气乱猜答案。
2、翻译，提笔不知从哪里下手；胡乱写几行，卷面乱，不知所云，影响印象分。
（一）长难句到底难在哪里？--几句废话般的常识。
1）结构复杂，逻辑层次多;2）单词意思常需根据上下文判断;3）代词的指代关系复杂;4）并列成分多;5）修饰语多，特别是后置定语很长;6）习惯搭配。
注：以上情况有可能单独出现，更多是“团伙作案”。
（二）长难句的破解的几个基本要点·把握规律（按照所讲的基本方法）·充分利用现有语法、词汇知识，提高知识的产出效率。
·破解核心是化繁为简，化难为易。
（三）长难句解决的具体步骤1、抓主干2、理顺主从句子关系。
（四）分析句子成分的详细过程1）找出全句主谓宾或主系表，即句子的主干;2）找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;3）分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等;以及词，短语和从句之间的关系;4）分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。
第二节、长句速读同位语和较长的后置定语（如人物身份，句子中间的非限制性定语从句），很长的专有名词（如机构名称）等。
这些信息需要用跳读（skip）的方法，略去不读。
在文章里，经常会出现此类文字信息，目的是为了干扰视线。
实际，没有必要去弄明白某人是什么大学的什么教授，也不必急着去了解美国一个部门全称或缩写是什么具体意思，因为题目中极少直接考这样的细节信息。
做题时即使需要此类信息，利用人名或其它专有名词都是开头字母大写的特征很容易找到。
例如：People assume that office politics involves some manipulative （工于心计的）behavior,”says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. (2004年6月)A recent study, published in last week‟s Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. (2003年9月)划线部分的信息可以一扫而过，目光不需要在上面停留细读。
大学英语四级词汇讲义
四级词汇讲义They don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work.It actually doesn't require any special treatment.第2串词: quire/quest/querWhen Ratner took over his father's chain of 130 jewelry shops in 1984, he introduced a very clear company policy.They invited women professionals to edit them.You must adjust your priorities to find time to cook.Ieah's first yoga studio was by no means an immediate success.What matters is understanding that aging is curable.They are keen on high technology.The report refers to this as the coming of the“18-hour city,” and uses the term to refer to cities like Houston...Americans have grown more pessimistic about the power of education to lead to success.Governments need to formulate energy policies that promote economically and environmentally sound development.It has had to cut its budget to get through the crisis.I assume you got big plans then.The caffeine, the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee, was sufficient to reverse this effect, with some cyclists even displaying increased eye movement speeds.Driverless car does not seem to create a generational divide.They have allowed me the opportunity to seek jobs in international contexts.He is not quite qualified for the art director position.“It just doesn't make sense to offer retraining for people 55 and older.After such an experience an animal often remains passive even when it can effect change--a state they called learned helplessness.She had been informed of the problem by her niece.They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.They receive severe penalties for committing minor offenses.Inability to keep turning out novel products.第25串词: novThey assigned them randomly to reviewers.They are closely related to physical and mental exercise.They were subjected to racial inequality.Anytime you go into the woods, somebody should know where you are going,and when you expect to return.。
四级核心词汇讲解
四级核心词汇讲解Dayl:—act,-ag-active [屈ktiv] a.活跃的；积极的activity [^k'tivztz] n.活动actual [屈Rfol] a.真实的、实际的exact [ig'z^kt] a.真实的；精确的、准确的interact [intr'^kt] v.相互作用；相互影响agent ['eid3()nt] n.代理人、代理商a.代理的agency ['eid3()nsi] n.代理处、代理机构、中介-aud-,-audi-;-vi-,-vid-,-vis-audio ['o:dio] n.音频a.声音的、音频的audience [b:dins] n.听众、观众aural ['o:r()l] a.听力的、听觉的oral [,o:rl] a. 口头的visual [,vi3ul] a.视觉的Day2:vision [,vi3n] n.视力、视觉；远景evidence ['evid()ns] n.证据、明显-batcombat ['kAmb演] v.n.战斗debate [di'beit] v.n.辩论、争论bite [bait] v.n.咬、叮-cap, -cip-capacity [k'p^siti] n.能力；容量participate [pa:'tisipeit] v.参力□、参与participant [pa:'tisipnt] n.参力□者、参与者-carecare [ke(r)] v.n.关心、担心、照顾scare [ske] v.使惊吓、恐怖cherish ['tferiJ] v.珍爱、珍惜、爱护concern [kn's:n] v.n.关心、关注、担心Day3:-ceed-,-cede-,-cess-process ['proses] n.过程v.处理、加工recede [ri,si:d] v.后退、倒退recession [ri'sejn] n.后退、衰退；经济衰退succeed [sk,si:d] v.成功、继承success [sk'ses] n.成功、成就exceed [ik,si:d] v.超越、超过、胜过excess[,ekses] n.超过、过多exceedingly [ik,si:digli] ad.特别、非常、极其excellent [,ekslnt] a.卓越的、优秀的靠近access ['田kses] n.途径、方法；v.n接近、receive [ri,si:v] v.收到、接收；接待、招待accept ['ksept] v.接受、同意concept ['knnsept] n.概念、想法except [ik'sept] v.prep.除...之夕卜exception [ik'sepjn] n.例夕卜Day4:1-centcentury ['sentfuri] n.世名己decent ['di:snt] a.正派的、体面的innocent ['insnt] a.无辜的、清白的-cid-,-cis-,-cas-decide [di'said] v. 决定suicide ['sjuisaid] n.自杀precisely [pri'saisli] ad.精确地、准确地genocide ['dsensaid] n.灭绝、绝种accident ['田ksidnt] n.事故、交通事故incident ['insidnt] n.事件incidence ['insidns] n.(事件)发生、发生率coincidence [ku'insidns] n. 一致、巧合coincide [.kuin'said] v.与…一致、符合Day5:-clud,-clus-conclude [kn'klu:d] v.终止、结束；做总结、结论conclusion [kn'klujn] n.终止、结束；总结、结论include [in'klu:d] v.包含、包括exclude [ik'sklu:d] v.排斥、排除exclusive[ik'sklu:siv] a.排斥的、排除的；专门的-commun-community [k'mju:niti] n.社区、团体communicate [k'mju:nikeit] v.沟通、交流-countcount [kaont] v.数；计算account ['kaont] n.账户、账目；解释、说明discount ['diskaont] n.折扣v.打折-covercover [,kAv] v.覆盖；采访、报导；掩护n.封面、封皮discover [di'skAv(r)] v.发现、发觉recover [ri'kAv(r)] v.愈合；恢复、痊愈Day6:-creat-,-creas-,-cret-create [kri'eit] v.产生、创造creative [kri'eitiv] a.有创造性的、有创造力的creativity[ ,kri:ei'tivti] n.仓U造性、仓|「造力increase [in'kri:s] v.增加、增长increasingly [in'kri:sigli] ad.愈加、日益decrease [di'kri:s] v.减小、减少-crit-criticize ['kritisaiz] v.批评、评论critic ['kritik] n.批评家、评论家critical ['kritikl] a.批评的；关键的、重要的crucial ['kru:Jl] a.关键的、重要的-cur-accurate [屈kjort] current ['kAr()nt] currency ['kAr()nsi] a.精确的、准确的n.（水，气，电）流；趋势a.流通的；现在的、当前的n.流通、流通性；货币Day7:-curecure [kjo(r)] v.n.治疗、治愈heal [hi:l] v.治疗、治愈secure [sz'kjo] a.安全的、安心的v.保护、确保security [sz'kjorti] n.安全、安全性；保险、保障rescue ['reskju:]v.n.救、救援-dividdivide [di'vaid] v.分、分份individual [indi'vidjo()l] n.个人、个体a.个人的-dom-dome [dom] n.圆屋顶、屋顶dominate ['dnmineit] v.统治、支配-duce-,-duct-introduce[,intr'dju:s] v.介绍；引入、引进conduct [kn'dAkt] v.引导、传导；指挥n.行为produce [pr'dju:s] v.生产、产生Day8:product ['prodAkt] n.产品production [pr'dAkfn] n.生产、产量productive [pr'dAktiv] a.高产的、多产的seduce [si'dju:s] v.勾引、引诱-fact-,-fect-,-fic-affect ['fekt] v.影响；感动effect [i'fekt] n.影响、效果effective [i'fektiv] a.有效的efficient [i'fynt] a.有效的efficiency [i'fi^nsi] n.效率virus ['vairs] n.病毒infect [in'fekt] v.传染、感染immune [i'mju:n] a.免疫的、有免疫力的factor ['在kt(r)] n.因素proficient [pr'fi^nt] a.熟练的、擅长的artificial [,a:ti'fifl] a.人工的、人造的；虚假的Day9:-fer-differ ['dif(r)] v.与…不同、与…意见不同infer[in'f:(r)] vi.推断；推理inferior [in'firi(r)] a.(人)次的、下等的；(质量等)低劣的offer ['o:f(r)] v.提供；提出、建议suffer ['sAf(r)] v.受痛苦、受折磨、忍受prefer [pri'f:(r)] v.更喜欢、倾向refer[ri'f:(r)] vi.参考、查阅、涉及interfere [.int'fi(r)] vi.干扰、妨碍-fessprofessor [pr'fes^] n.教授fuss [fAs]v.n.忙乱、大惊小怪-fin-Day12:-grad-,-gress-grade [greid] n.等级、年级3gradual ['grxdsul] a.逐渐的、慢慢的ingredient [in'gri:dint] n.（混合物的）组成部分、（构成）要素、因素 undergraduate[,And'grxd3ut] n.大学生、在校生progress ['progres] n.前进、进步regret [ri'gret] v.n.后悔、遗憾hospitable [hn'spitbl] a.好客的、热情友好的hostile ['hnstail] a.敌对的、敌意的temper ['temp] n.脾气、性情v.调和、缓和-ject-subject ['sAbd3ikt] a.易遭受...、易服从...n.主题、主观、主语、科目subjective [sb'dsektiv] a.主观的object ['nbd3ikt] v.反对 n.客观、物体objective [b'dsektiv] a.客观的reject [ri'd3ekt]v.拒绝、扔掉decline [di'klain] v.n.下降、衰落；拒绝Day13:-just-adjust ['d3Ast] v.调节、调整；适应justice ['d3Astis]n.公平、正义justify ['d3Astifai] v.证明…公平、合理-lect-,-leg-,-lig-select [si'lekt] v.选择、挑选intellect ['intlekt] n.智力、聪明intelligence [in'telidsns] n.智力；情报、消息elegant ['elignt] a.有气质的；优雅的、端庄的lecture ['lektf （r ）] n.演讲、讲座-lightflight [flait] n.飞行、航班delight [di'lait] v.n.（使）高兴、快乐enlighten [in'laitn] v.启发、教导highlight ['hailait] v.突出、强调Day14:-loc-local ['lokl] a.地方的、本地的、当地的n.本地人location [lo'keijh] n.位置、场所 allocation [，旬'keijh] n.分配、分派replace [ri'pleis] v.替换、代替-ment-mental ['mentl] a.思想的、精神的、内心的comment ['ka:ment] v.n.评论recommend [.rek'mend] v.推荐、建议-min-Day15:-mis-,-mit-minor ['main&] a. 少数的minority [mai'no:rti] major ['meid3（r ）] majority [m'd§Drti] diminish [di'miniJ]n.少数a.多数的、主要的n.多数、多数人v.减小、缩小 administration [d.mini'streijn] n.管理、经营miss [mis] n.小姐；女士v.思念；错过missing ['misig] a.丢失的、漏掉的dismiss [dis'mis] v.解雇、解散commit [k'mit] v.犯罪；委托、承诺committee [k'miti] n.委员会submit [sb'mit] v上交、提交；使服从、顺从promise ['promis]v.n.许诺、承诺-mot-,-mat-promote [pr'mot] v.推动、促进emotion [i'mojh] n.情绪、情感remove [ri'mu:v] v.迁移、离开；去除、脱掉-nov-novelty ['nnvlti] n.新奇、新颖innovation [jn'veiJh] n.仓U新、新想法Day16:-optoption [,Dpjh] a.可选的、任选的adopt ['dnpt] v.采用、采纳；收养、领养optimistic [npti'mistik] a.乐观的-ordorder ['o:d(r)] n.顺序、秩序；命令；预订disorder [dis'o:d(r)] n.混乱coordinate [ko'o:dineit] v.协调-par-,-part-compare [km'pe(r)] v.比较、对比partial ['pa:Jl] a.部分的；偏爱的、偏袒的apartment ['pa:tmnt] n.公寓、房间department [di'pa:tmnt] n.系；部门particular [p'tikjol(r)] a.特别的、详细的proportion [pr'po:J()n] n.比例、部分Day17:-pend-,-pens-depend [di'pend] v.依靠、依赖independent [,indi'pendnt] a.独立的、自主的expense [ik'spens] n.费用、花费expensive [ik'spensiv] a.昂贵的indispensable [,indi'spensbl] a.必不可少的、必需的-ple,-plicomplete [km'pli:t] v.完成a.完成的、完整的、完全的accomplish ['kAmpliJ] v.完成、达到(目的)implement ['impliment] n.工具、器具v.实施、实现complex ['knmpleks] a.难的、复杂的-ply,-pliapplication [，田pli'keiJh] n.申请、请求；应用、运用applicant ['田pliknt] n.申请人candidate ['k^ndidt] n.候选者、候选人reply [ri'plai] v.n.回复、答复imply [im'plai] 丫.暗示Day18: -pos-,-pon- position [p'zz^n] n,位置；职位；立场、见解positive['pDztiv] a.积极的、肯定的expose [zk'spoz] v.暴露、揭露exposure [:k'spo3(r)] n.暴露、揭发oppose ['poz] v.反对、反抗opposite ['Dpzit] a.相对的、相反的opponent ['ponnt] n.对手、反对者suppose [s'poz] v.假设、猜想propose [pr'poz] v.求婚；建议、提议purpose ['p:ps] n.目的、意图-portimport ['impo:t] v.n 进口export ['ekspo:t] v.n 出口report [ri'po:t]v.报道、公布口.报告opportunity [np'tju:niti] 口.机会support [s'po:t] v.n支持、支撑；赡养、供养Day19: -presspressure ['pref] n,压力、压迫express [ik'spres] v.表示、表达n.快车、快递impress [im'pres] v.给…留下印象impression [im'prefn] n.印象depress [di'pres] v.压下、压低；使沮丧depression [di'prefn] n.沮丧、萧条-pri-,-pre-prior ['prai] a.优先的、在前的priority [prai'nrti] n,优先、优先权previous ['privis] a.先前的、以前的-que-,-quire-acquire ['kwai(r)] v.获得、得到require [ri'kwai] v.需要、要求requirement [ri'kwaimnt] n.需要、要求Day20:-sens-,-sent-absent ['田bsnt] a.缺席的、不到场的present ['prez()nt] represent [repri'zent] sensitive ['senstiv] consent [kn'sent] -serv- n.礼物、现在a.出席的、到场的v.提供、呈现v/代表、象征a.敏感的、灵敏的v.n同意、赞成service ['s3：vis] n.服务conserve [kn's:v] v.保护、保存conservative [kn's:vtiv] a.保守的deserve [di'z:v] v,应受、应得reserve [ri'z:v] v,储备、保留；预约reservation [jez'veiJh] n,保留、预约-sid-consider [kn'sid(r)] v.考虑considerate [kn'sidrt] a.考虑周到的、体贴的resident ['rezidnt] n.居民a.居住的6Day21:-signsign [sain] v.签n.符号、标志significant [sig'nifiknt] a.重要的、重大的significance [sig'nifikns] n.重要、重要性assign ['sain] v.分配、分派design [di'zain] v.n 设计device [di'vais] n.设备、方法resign [ri'zain] v.辞去、辞职-soci-social ['soj()l] a.社会的、社交的associate ['sojieit] v.交往、打交道；联系n.伙伴-soci-association [.suji'ei^n] n.联合；协会、社团-solv-,-solu-solve [snlv] v.解决、溶解solution [s'lu:J()n] n.解决、解决方案；溶解、溶液resolve [ri'znlv] vt.解决丫工决心、决定absolute ['田bslu:t] a.绝对的、完全的Day22:-specspecial ['spejl] a.特殊的、专门的specialize ['spejlaiz] vi.专门从事、专攻specialist [ 'spejlist] 口.专家specific [.spesifi'k] a.明确的、具体的aspect ['田spekt] n.外貌、外表；方面expect [ik'spekt] v.期待、期盼inspect [in'spekt] v.检查、监督prospect ['prospekt] n.前途、前景；风景、景色respect [ri'spekt] v.n.尊敬、尊重n.方面retrospect ['retrspekt] v.n.回顾、回想suspect [s'spekt] v.怀疑n.嫌疑犯perspective [p'spektiv] n.透镜、透视、视角；观点、看法Day23:-st-,sist-statue ['st^tfU：! 1n.雕像、塑像status ['steits] 口.地位、身份store [st o：(r)]n.商店、存货v.存储stable ['steibl] a.稳定的、稳固的stability [st'bilti] n.稳定、稳固constant ['knnstnt] a.永恒的、持续的instant ['instnt] a.立即的、迫切的constant ['knnstnt] a.永恒的、持续的instant ['instnt] a.立即的、迫切的circumstance ['s:kmstns] 口.环境assist ['sist] v.n.帮助、协助insist [in'sist] v.坚持、坚持要求persist [p'sist] v.坚持resist [ri'zist] v.抵抗、抵制；反对result [ri'zAlt] n.结果v.导致、引起Day24:-sult-consult [kn'sAlt] v.咨询；商量、商议consultant [kn'sAltnt] n.咨询、顾问-sure-ensure [in'Jb(r)] v.保证、担保insure [in'Jb(r)] v.保证、确保；为…上保险insurance [in'Jbrns] n.保险、保险费leisure ['le3(r)] 口.空闲、悠闲-tect-protect [pr'tekt] v.保护safeguard ['seifga:rd] v.保护；维护detective [di'tektiv] n.侦探detect [di'tekt] v.侦察、探测；察觉、发觉protest ['protest] v.n 抗议、反对contest ['knntest] v.n.竞赛、比赛Day25:-tend-,-tent-tend [tend] v.倾向，趋向；照顾、照料trend [trend] n.走向、趋向、趋势intend [in'tend] v.打算、想要intense [in'tens] a.热情的、强烈的determine [di't3：rmin] v.决定、决心disaster [di'z^st(r)] n.灾难domestic [d'mestik] a.家里的、家庭的；本国的、国家的eager ['ig^] a.渴望的、热切的economy [i'knnmi] n.经济economics [i:k'nnmiks] n.经济学economic [,i:k'nnmik] a.经济的、经济学的economical [i:k'nnmik()l] a.节约的、节俭的Day28:essential [i'senjl] a.本质的、基本的、精华的exhaust [ig'zost] v.耗尽、使精疲力尽expand [ik'sp^nd] v.(使)膨胀、扩张familiar [f'milj^] a.熟悉的、亲近的figure ['figjr] n.人物、数字v.计算guarantee ['figjr] v.保证、担保n.保证、保证书identity [ai'dentti] n.身份identify [ai'dentifai] v.识别、认出；确认invest [in'vest] v.n.投资investigate [in'vestigeit] v.调查、研究luxury ['lAkfri] 口奢侈、奢侈品a.奢华的、豪华的moral ['morl] n.道德a.道德上的，精神上的panic ['p^nik] v.n 惊慌、恐慌penalty ['penlti] n.惩罚、罚款、罚金philosophy [f'la:sfi] 口.哲学sophisticated [s'fistikeitid] a.成熟的；老谋深算的；复杂的Day29: 一permanent ['p3：m（）nnt] a.永久的、永恒的physical ['fizikl] a.肉体的、身体的；物质的potential [p'tenfl] n.潜力、潜能a.潜在的，可能的purchase ['p:tfs] v.买、购买pursue [p'sju:] v.追赶、追求；从事puzzle ['pAzl] n.难题、谜v.（使）迷惑、（使）为难realize ['ri:laiz] v.实现、意识到recruit [ri'kru:t] v.招聘n.新兵、新员工、新学生relative ['reltiv] n.亲戚a.有关的、相关的；相对的release [ri'li:s] v.释放；发表n.释放、放松remark [ri'ma:k] n&v.评论remarkable [ri'ma:kb()l] a.引人注目的retire [ri'tai] v.退休、离开entire [in'tai(r)] a.全部的、全体的、完全的Day30:reverse [ri'v:s] v.翻转、倒转a.反面的、颠倒的reward [ri'wo:rd] v.酬谢、奖赏n.酬金schedule ['sked3u:l] n.时间表、时刻表v.安排scholar ['sknl(r)] n.学者spread [spred] v.n.散布、传播；伸开、伸展widespread ['waidspred] a.分布广泛的、普遍的strategy ['strxtdsi] n.战略、策略threaten ['0retn] v.威胁、恐吓tradition [tr'difn] n.传统typical ['tipik()l] a.典型的vigorous ['vigrs] a.精力充沛的、有活力的vital ['vaitl] a.性命攸关的、至关重要的。
大学英语四级阅读词汇基础讲义
四级阅读词汇基础讲义【第一课：词汇部分】photography/fəˈtɑːɡrəfi/n.摄影；摄影术photic/ˈfoʊtɪk/adj.光的；发光的photophobia/ˌfotəˈfobɪə/n.畏光photosynthesis/ˌfoʊtoʊˈsɪnθəsɪs/n.光合作用geography/dʒiˈɑːɡrəfi/n.地理telegraph/ˈtelɪɡræf/n.电报biography/baɪˈɑːɡrəfi/n.传记laborious/ləˈbɔːriəs/adj.艰苦的；费劲的；勤劳的ordeal/ɔːrˈdiːl/n.折磨；严酷的考验infinite/ˈɪnfɪnət/adj.无限的definite/ˈdefɪnət/adj.确定的document/ˈdɑːkjumənt/n.文件vt.记录file/faɪl/n.文件vt.提出profile/ˈproʊfaɪl/n.简况high-profile adj.高调的；备受瞩目的interrupt/ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/vt./vi.中断；打断associate/əˈsoʊʃieɪt/vt.联想，联系presence/ˈprezns/n.存在；出席；参加absence/ˈæbsəns/n.没有；缺乏；缺席absent-minded adj.心不在焉的；健忘的slight/slaɪt/adj.轻微的，少量的blight/blaɪt/vi.枯萎n.枯萎forbade/fərˈbeɪd/vt.禁止（forbid的过去式）digital/ˈdɪdʒɪtl/adj.数字的heighten/ˈhaɪtn/vt./vi.提高；增高relief/rɪˈliːf/n.减轻relieve/rɪˈliːv/vt.减轻belief/bɪˈliːf/n.相信believe/bɪˈliːv/vt.相信receive/rɪˈsiːv/vt.接收reception/rɪˈsepʃn/n.接待；接收recipient/rɪˈsɪpiənt/n.接受者blue-ribbon adj.第一流的；头等的hang onto紧紧抓住，依附immerse/ɪˈmɜːrs/vt.沉浸emerge/ɪˈmɜːrdʒ/vi.出现submerge/səbˈmɜːrdʒ/vt./vi.淹没；潜水adj.在水下的emergency n.出现，急诊immersed adj.浸入的；专注的satisfy/ˈsætɪsfaɪ/vt./vi.令人满意；令人满足Jupiter/ˈdʒuːpɪtər/n.木星Mercury/ˈmɜːrkjəri/n.水银，水星merchant/ˈmɜːrtʃənt/n.商人Pluto/ˈpluːtoʊ/n.冥王；冥王星plutocrat/ˈpluːtəkræt/n.财阀；富豪plutocracy/pluːˈtɑːkrəsi/n.富豪统治Mars/mɑːrz/n.火星；战神march/mɑːrtʃ/vt./n.行军engaged/ɪnˈɡeɪdʒd/adj.忙碌的；使用中的；已订婚的vt.吸引，占用vi.从事；参与painstaking/ˈpeɪnzteɪkɪŋ/adj.艰苦的；勤勉的；小心的n.辛苦；勤勉master/ˈmæstər/n.主人；大师vt.精通；控制enrich/ɪnˈrɪtʃ/vt.使充实；使肥沃；使富足distract/dɪˈstrækt/vt.转移；分心absorb/əbˈsɔːrb/vt.吸收；吸引；理解derive/dɪˈraɪv/vt./vi.源于instructor/ɪnˈstrʌktər/n.教练;教师supervisor/ˈsuːpərvaɪzər/n.监督员;指导者mentor/ˈmentɔːr/n.导师vt.指导amentia/əˈmenʃɪə/n.智力缺陷demented/dɪˈmentɪd/adj.失去理智的mentation/menˈteɪʃən/n.心智活动fuss/fʌs/n.大惊小怪，大发牢骚gadget/ˈɡædʒɪt/n.小器具，小玩意儿unintended/ˌʌnɪnˈtendɪd/adj.非计划中的，非故意的miraculously/mɪˈrækjələsli/adv.奇迹般地；神奇地catastrophic/ˌkætəˈstrɑːfɪk/adj.灾难性的reckless/ˈrekləs/adj.鲁莽的，不计后果的【第一课：文章部分】The car has reshaped our cities.It seems to offer autonomy for everyone.There is something almost delightful in the detachment from reality of advertisements showing mass-produced cars marketed as symbols of individuality and of freedom when most of their lives will be spent making short journeys on choked roads.For all the fuss made about top speeds,cornering ability and acceleration,the most useful gadgets on a modem car are those which work when you’re going very slowly:parking sensors, sound systems,and navigation apps which will show a way around upcoming traffic jams.This seems to be one of the few areas where the benefit of sharing personal information comes straight back to the sharer:because these apps know where almost all the users are,and how fast they aremoving almost all the time,they can spot traffic congestion(堵塞)very quickly and suggest ways round it.The problem comes when everyone is using a navigation app which tells them to avoid everyone else using the same gadget.Traffic jams often appear where no one has enough information to avoid them.When a lucky few have access to the knowledge,they will benefit greatly.But when everyone has perfect information,traffic jams simply spread onto the side roads that seem to offer a way round them.This new congestion teaches us two things.The first is that the promises of technology will never be realised as fully as we hope;they will be limited by their unforeseen and unintended consequences.Sitting in a more comfortable car in a different traffic jam is pleasant but hardly the liberation that once seemed to be promised.The second is that self-organisation will not get us where we want to go.The efforts of millions of drivers to get ahead do not miraculously produce a situation in which everyone does better than before,but one in which almost everyone does rather worse.Central control and collective organisation can produce smoother and fairer outcomes, though even that much is never guaranteed.Similar limits can be foreseen for the much greater advances promised by self-driving cars. Last week,one operated by the taxi company Uber struck and killed a woman pushing her bicycle across a wide road in Arizona.This was the first recorded death involving a car which was supposed to be fully autonomous.Experts have said that it suggests a“catastrophic failure”of technology.Increasingly,even Silicon Valley has to acknowledge the costs of the intoxicating(令人陶醉的)hurry that characterises its culture.What traffic teaches us is that reckless and uncontrolled change is as likely to harm us as it is to benefit us,and that thoughtful regulation is necessary for a better future.51.What does the author say about car advertisements?A)They portray drivers who enjoy speed on the road.B)They present a false picture of the autonomy cars provide.C)They pursue individuality and originality in design concept.D)They overestimate the potential market of autonomous cars.52.What does the author imply about the various gadgets on cars?A)They can help to alleviate traffic jams.B)Most of them are as effective as advertised.C)Only some can be put to use under current traffic conditions.D)They are constantly upgraded to make driving easier and safer.53.What does the author say about the use of navigation apps?A)It is likely to create traffic jams in other places.B)It helps a great deal in easing traffic congestion.C)It sharply reduces the incidence of traffic accidents.D)It benefits those who are learning to drive.54.What does the author say about technology?A)Its consequences are usually difficult to assess.B)It seldom delivers all the benefits as promised.C)It depends on the required knowledge for application.D)Its benefits are guaranteed by collective wisdom.55.What key message does the author try to convey in the passage?A)The consequences of technological innovation need not be exaggerated.B)There is always a price to pay to develop technology for a better world.C)Technological innovation should be properly regulated.D)The culture of Silicon Valley ought not to be emulated.【第二课：词汇部分】notoriously/noʊˈtɔːriəsli/adv.众所周知地;声名狼藉地inedible/ɪnˈedəbl/adj.不能吃的foodie/ˈfuːdi/n.吃货treaty/ˈtriːti/n.条约contract/ˈkɑːntrækt/n.契约，合同unreliable/ˌʌnrɪˈlaɪəbl/adj.不可靠的liable/ˈlaɪəbl/adj.有责任的，有义务的acquaintance/əˈkweɪntəns/n.熟人；相识；了解accquire/əˈkwaɪər/vt.获得；取得overestimate/ˌoʊvərˈestɪmət vt.对……评价过高underestimate/ˌʌndərˈestɪmeɪt/vt.低估overvalue/ˌoʊvərˈvæljuː/vt.对…估价过高undervalue/ˌʌndərˈvæljuː/v.低估……的价值massive/ˈmæsɪv/adj.大量的overweight/ˌoʊvərˈweɪt/adj.超重的outweigh/ˌaʊtˈweɪ/vt.比……重remarkable/rɪˈmɑːrkəbl/adj.卓越的，非凡的vigil/ˈvɪdʒɪl/n.监视，警戒vigilance/ˈvɪdʒɪləns/n.警戒，警觉invigilate/ɪnˈvɪdʒɪleɪt/vt.监视，监考invigilator/ɪnˈvɪdʒɪleɪtər/n.监考人surveillance/sɜːrˈveɪləns/n.监督，监视contemporary art当代艺术constrain/kənˈstreɪn/vt.束缚constraint/kənˈstreɪnt/n.约束scale up扩大规模large-scale大规模的dip/dɪp/v.浸，下沉dig/dɪɡ/vt.挖format/ˈfɔːrmæt/n.格式formula/ˈfɔːrmjələ/n.公式，准则transform/trænsˈfɔːrm/vt.改变，变化contain/kənˈteɪn/vt.包含；控制；容纳retain/rɪˈteɪn/vt.保持detain/dɪˈteɪn/vt.拘留；耽搁unreliable/ˌʌnrɪˈlaɪəbl/adj.不可靠的；靠不住的tough/tʌf/adj.牢固的；强壮的，困难的rough/rʌf/adj.粗糙的；粗略的；粗野的recall/rɪˈkɔːl/vt.召回；回想起，记起；取消n.召回；回忆；撤消acquire/əˈkwaɪər/vt.获得；取得；学到acquaintance/əˈkweɪntəns/n.熟人；相识address/əˈdres/n.演讲，致辞vt.设法解决；演说scary/ˈskeri/adj.可怕的；恐怖的；吓人的invisible/ɪnˈvɪzəbl/adj.无形的；无形的；不显眼的stamp out扑灭，踩灭alleviate/əˈliːvieɪt/vt.减轻，缓和uninspiring/ˌʌnɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ/adj.不令人兴奋的diminish/dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/vt./vi.减少，变少discrepancy/dɪˈskrepənsi/n.差异，不符【第二课：文章部分】You can’t see it,smell it,or hear it,and people disagree on how precisely to define it,or where exactly it comes from.It isn’t a school subject or an academic discipline,but it can be learned.It is a quality that is required of artists,but it is also present in the lives of scientists and entrepreneurs.All of us benefit from it and we thrive mentally and spiritually when we are able to wield it.It is a delicate thing,easily stamped out;in fact,it flourishes most fully when people are playful and childlike.Meanwhile,it works best in conjunction with deep knowledge and expertise.This mysterious—but teachable—quality is creativity,the subject of a recently-published report by Durham Commission on Creativity and Education.The report concludes that creativity should not inhabit the school curriculum only as it relates to drama,music,art and other obviously creative subjects,but that creative thinking ought to run through all of school life,infusing(充满) the way humanities and natural sciences are learned.The authors,who focus on education in England,offer a number of,sensible recommendations,some of which are an attempt to alleviate the uninspiring and fact-based approach to education that has crept into policy in recent years.When children are regarded as vessels to be filled with facts,creativity does not prosper;nor does it when teachers’sole objective is coaching children towards exams.One suggestion from the commission is a network of teacher-led“creativity collaboratives”,along the lines of existing maths hubs(中心),with the aim of supporting teaching for creativity through the school curriculum.Nevertheless,it is arts subjects through which creativity most obviously be fostered.The value placed on them by the independent education sector is clear.One only has to look at the remarkable arts facilities at Britain’s top private schools to comprehend this.But in the state sector the excessive focus on English,maths and science threatens to crush arts subjects; meanwhile,reduced school budgets mean diminishing extracurricular activities.There has been a28.1%decline in students taking creative subjects at high schools since2014,though happily,art and design have seen a recent increase.This discrepancy between state and private education is a matter of social justice.It is simply wrong and unfair that most children have a fraction of the access to choirs,orchestras,art studios and drama that their more privileged peers enjoy.As lives are affected by any number of looming challenges—climate crisis,automation in the workplace—humans are going to need creative thinking more than ever.For all of our sakes,creativity in education,and for all,must become a priority.46.What do we learn from the passage about creativity?A)It develops best when people are spiritually prepared.B)It is most often wielded by scientists and entrepreneurs.C)It is founded on scientific knowledge and analytical skills.D)It contributes to intellectual growth but can easily be killed.47.What is the conclusion of a recently-published report?A)Natural sciences should be learned the way humanities courses are.B)Cultivation of creativity should permeate the entire school curriculum.C)Art courses should be made compulsory for all students.D)Students should learn more obviously creative subjects.48.What does the report say is detrimental to the fostering of creativity?A)Alleviation of pressure.B)Teacher-led school activities.C)Test-oriented teaching.D)Independent learning.49.What do we learn about the private schools in the UK?A)They encourage extracurricular activities.B)They attach great importance to arts education.C)They prioritize arts subjects over maths and sciences.D)They cater to students from different family backgrounds.50.What should be done to meet the future challenges?A)Increasing government investment in school education.B)Narrowing the existing gap between the rich and the poor.C)Providing all children with equal access to arts education.D)Focusing on meeting the needs of under-privileged students.【第三课：词汇部分】plunge/plʌndʒ/vi./vt.使陷入n.突然跌落rescue/ˈreskjuː/vt.营救generalist/ˈdʒenrəlɪst/n.多面手specialist/ˈspeʃəlɪst/n.专家vivid/ˈvɪvɪd/adj.生动的survive/sərˈvaɪv/vt./vi.幸存revival/rɪˈvaɪvl/n.复活vigor/ˈvɪɡər/n.活力vigorous/ˈvɪɡərəs/adj.精力充沛的vitamin/ˈvaɪtəmɪn/n.维他命approach/əˈproʊtʃ/n./vt./vi.接近vt.处理scream/skriːm/vt./vi.尖叫cream/kriːm/n.奶油，精华，面霜calculate/ˈkælkjuleɪt/v.计算；打算count/kaʊnt/v.重要，数数cultivate/ˈkʌltɪveɪt/vt.培养culture/ˈkʌltʃər/n.文化，文明vt.培养evade/ɪˈveɪd/vt/vi.逃脱；逃避invade/ɪnˈveɪd/vt./vi.侵略wade/weɪd/vi.跋涉counterpart/ˈkaʊntərpɑːrt/n.极相似的人或物encounter/ɪnˈkaʊntər/vt.遭遇counterbalance/ˌkaʊntərˈbæləns/vt.抵消conflict/ˈkɑːnflɪkt/vi./n.冲突inflict/ɪnˈflɪkt/vt.造成affliction/əˈflɪkʃn/n.痛苦loophole/ˈluːphoʊl/n.漏洞peril/ˈperəl/n.危险；冒险imperil/ɪmˈperəl/vt.危及；使陷于危险choke/tʃoʊk/vt.呛；使窒息vi.窒息；阻塞divorce/dɪˈvɔːrs/n.离婚；分离soldier/ˈsoʊldʒər/n.军人solid/ˈsɑːlɪd/adj.固体的；可靠的consolidate/kənˈsɑːlɪdeɪt/vt./vi.巩固abstract/ˈæbstrækt/adj.抽象的n.抽象；摘要code/koʊd/n.代码，密码duty/ˈduːti/n.责任；[税收]关税customs/ˈkʌstəmz/n.海关；风俗assess/əˈses/vt.评定；估价highlight/ˈhaɪlaɪt/vt.突出；强调emphasize/ˈemfəsaɪz/vt.强调underline/ˌʌndərˈlaɪn/vt.强调underpin/ˌʌndərˈpɪn/vt.巩固；支持odds/ɑːdz/n.机率probability/ˌprɑːbəˈbɪləti/n.机率dubbed film译制片complication/ˌkɑːmplɪˈkeɪʃn/n.复杂sophisticated/səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/adj.复杂的multiply/ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/vt./vi.大大增加faculty/ˈfæklti/n.全体教员，天赋utility/juːˈtɪləti/n.功效，设施foot/fʊt/vt.支付desirable/dɪˈzaɪərəbl/adj.可取的【第三课：文章部分】There’re currently21.5million students in America,and many will be funding their college on borrowed money.Given that there's now over$1.3trillion in student loans on the books,it's pretty clear that many students are far from sensible.The average student's debt upon graduation now approaches$40,000,and as college becomes ever more expensive,calls to make it"free"are multiplying.Even Hillary Clinton says that when it comes to college, "Costs won't be a barrier."But the only way college could be free is if the faculty and staff donated their time,the buildings required no maintenance,and campuses required no utilities.As long as it's impossible to produce something from nothing costs are absolutely a barrier.The actual question we debate is who should pay for people to go to college.If taxpayers are to bear the cost of forgiving student loans,shouldn't they have a say in how their money is used?At least taxpayers should be able to decide what students will study on the public dime.If we're going to force taxpayers to foot the bill for college degrees,students should only study those subjects that’re of greatest benefit to taxpayers.After all,students making their own choices in this respect is what caused the problem in the first place.We simply don't need more poetry,gender studies,or sociology majors.How do we know which subjects benefit society? Easy.Average starting salaries give a clear indication of what type of training society needs its new workers to have.Certainly,there're benefits to a college major beyond the job a student can perform.But if we're talking about the benefits to society,the only thing that matters is what the major enables the student to produce for society.And the value of what the student can produce is reflected in the wage employers are willing to pay the student to produce it.A low wage for elementary school teachers,however,doesn't mean elementary education isn’t important.It simply means there're too many elementary school teachers already.Meanwhile,there're few who're willing and able to perform jobs requiring a petroleum engineering major,so the value of one more of those people is very high.So we can have taxpayers pick up students'tuition in exchange for dictating what those students will study.Or we can allow students both to choose their majors and pay for their education themselves.But in the end,one of two things is true:Either a college major is worth its cost or it isn't.If yes,taxpayer financing isn't needed If not taxpayer financing isn't desirable. Either way,taxpayers have no business paying for students'college education.51.What does the author think of college students funding their education through loans?A)They only expect to get huge returns.B)They are acting in an irrational way.C)They benefit at taxpayers expense.D)They will regret doing so someday.52.In the author's opinion,free college education is.A)impractical B)unsustainableC)a goal to strive for D)a way to social equality53.What should students do if taxpayers are to bear their college costs?A)Work even harder to repay society.B)Choose their subjects more carefully.C)Choose majors that will serve society's practical need.D)Allow taxpayers to participate in college administration.54.What does the author say about the value of a student's college education?A)It is underestimated by profit-seeking employers.B)It is to be proved by what they can do on the job.C)It is well reflected in their average starting salary.D)It is embodied in how they remove social barriers.55.What message does the author want to convey in the passage?A)Students should think care fully whether to go to collegeB)Taxpayers should only finance the most gifted students.C)The worth of a college education is open to debate.D)College students should fund their own education..【第四课：词汇部分】surrounding/səˈraʊndɪŋ/adj.周围的，附近的surroundings/səˈraʊndɪŋz/n.环境；周围的事物phenomenon/fəˈnɑːmɪnən/n.现象phenomena/fəˈnɑːmɪnə/n.现象bear/ber/vt.忍受；承担sound/saʊnd/n.海峡adj.合理的；无损的；健全的colleague/ˈkɑːliːɡ/n.同事，同僚investigate/ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt/vt.调查evolve/ɪˈvɑːlv/vt.发展；进化vi.进展；进化involve/ɪnˈvɑːlv/vt.包含；牵涉revolve/rɪˈvɑːlv/vt.使…旋转puzzle/ˈpʌzl/vt.使…迷惑不解bewilder/bɪˈwɪldər/vt.使迷惑performance/pərˈfɔːrməns/n.性能；绩效；表演affect/əˈfekt/vt.影响affection/əˈfekʃn/n.喜爱，感情previous/ˈpriːviəs/adj.以前的；早先的conduct/kənˈdʌkt;/vt.组织，实施，进行n.行为举止；方式code of conduct行为准则；规范dolphin/ˈdɑːlfɪn/n.海豚alert/əˈlɜːrt/adj.警惕的，警觉的vt.使警觉，警告predator/ˈpredətər/n.[动]捕食者；[动]食肉动物wonder/ˈwʌndər/vt./vi.想知道，感到惊讶department/dɪˈpɑːrtmənt/n.部门，系participant/pɑːrˈtɪsɪpənt/n.参与者，参加者monitor/ˈmɑːnɪtər/n.监视器；班长vt.监控overall/oʊvərɔːl/adj./adv.全部的；全体的manner/ˈmænər/n.方式；习惯hemisphere/ˈhemɪsfɪr/n.半球sphere/sfɪr/n.球体curious/ˈkjʊriəs/adj.好奇的indeed/ɪnˈdiːd/adv.的确detect/dɪˈtekt/vt.察觉，发现detectaphone/dɪˈtektəˌfoʊn/n.窃听器stir/stɜːr/n./vt.搅拌，搅动stir/stɜːr/n./vt.搅拌，搅动extent/ɪkˈstent/n.程度；范围；长度circumstance/ˈsɜːrkəmstæns/n.环境；状况；境遇trigger/ˈtrɪɡər/n.扳机；起因vt.触发，引起；benefactor/ˈbenɪfæktər/n.捐助者beneficent/bɪˈnefɪs(ə)nt/adj.慈善的；善行的beneficial/ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/adj.有益的，有利的pattern/ˈpætərn/n.模式；图案recruit/rɪˈkruːt/vt./n.征募；聘用tone/toʊn/n.语气；音调monotonous/məˈnɑːtənəs/adj.单调的adaptation/ˌædæpˈteɪʃn/n.适应；改编stimulate/ˈstɪmjuleɪt/vt.刺激；鼓舞stick/stɪk/n.棍子response/rɪˈspɑːns/n.响应；反应；回答threat/θret/n.威胁，恐吓tolerance/ˈtɑːlərəns/n.宽容，容忍；耐力【第四课：文章部分】That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the“first-night”effect.If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly.Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set outto investigate the origins of this effect.Dr.Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved.The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day.She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators(捕食者).This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing.To take a closer look,her team studied35healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences.The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains.Dr.Sasaki found,as expected,the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second,taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall.During deep sleep,the participants’brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins.On the first night only,the left hemispheres(半球)of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did.Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment,Dr.Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps(蜂鸣声)of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night.She worked out that,if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment,then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones.This is precisely what she found.46.What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?A)To what extent it can trouble people.C)What circumstances may trigger it.B)What role it has played in evolution.D)In what way it can be beneficial.47.What do we learn about Dr.Yuka Sasaki doing her research?A)She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.B)She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.C)She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphinsD)She conducted studies on birds’and dolphins’sleeping patterns.48.What did Dr.Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?A)She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.B)She recruited35participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences.C)She studied the differences between the two sides of participants’brains.D)She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.49.What did Dr.Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?A)She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.B)She recorded participants’adaptation to changed environment.C)She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.D)She compared the responses of different participants.50.What did Dr.Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?A)They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.B)They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.C)They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps.D)They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.。
四级单词讲义
赵丽词汇词根汇总ac 一再ex 放在外面、前面pose 放com共同的 de向下反意re返回往回cent 钱in 里面/否定fl飞尖acu cent百/钱分ped脚 bi分开的两只per每一个ab离开 e 出来 dis否定und是丰富ab是离开"ambi表示两边ence表示名词pos放im往里pro/pre往前per每个cess走路put计算re反复tent伸展me神count 计算ic结尾是形容词mit/miss送出去ad一再tribute是给予ity结尾是名词sub低、下trans改变neg否定的词根lig是做dent齿cu 尖的viv活的su一直sect切，部分，段fic做e出来ent后经缀是形容词pet追求per前缀一直全部fug逃走co共同cur是关心se分开ex 一再cess走路ple满ish 后缀是动词cise是切vert 转di分开vent 来sum总合mit改变ify 结尾是动词lect 是选择ion名词soph出名词根dict说ate结尾是动词bene 好a一再e是出来scribe写de加强sub下面circu圆part部分im否定、进入acle小东西sem 脸tain拿东西ish结尾名词居多tribute是给予的词根dis分开、否定,分开来给ject是扔le 结尾是名词tic结尾是形容词dent牙med中间的leg法律lore 知识文化，学问lode 矿脉ex 把什么弄出来ing小东西pens花（钱）vok=voc 声音claim词根是叫stat站着path词根是感情、疾病plex满plic 重叠tain拿du两个sere安静pel推ict说ver 真实的不同的sens、sent感觉ible能够怎么样的dign感情fuse 流动contr相反的tens拉bar 棒子sist站sid做scend爬nounce说min小的ure结尾是小东西mize动词mum形容词spire呼吸duce引起，带来rud原始verse旋转的词根flex转soph聪明的词根more是惷的词根duct、duce词根是引导tribut给予voc\vok是声音incide事件gress走路miss送出去cept拿acle 结尾是东西tract是拉的词根proach接近less 否定vert转过去merge 合并词根是沉浸ject 扔fur毛皮orn装修ure结尾是名词tag是接触sign标记ify结尾是动词rect直的se是分开pect看able能够怎么样的ate结尾是动词du两个cost花钱ress女子sid坐着 vent出去，出口ette是小东西的词根liter文化的词根acle 东西fect做pend结尾lapse滑过的词根tend,tens伸展spic是看的词根cede是走tain 拿的词根vise 看mult大、多ply重叠port拿fere拿来quire寻问ac一再mit改变一、计划本课程词汇集中在2000～6000,都是一些基本的词汇，生活中常用的词汇，背单词要有目的性，清楚自己参加什么考试，要有针对性，才更有热情。
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免费四级词汇第1课▌-gen-gender【近】sexgenegeneticgenetic informationgeneticsgenerategenerate heat / electricitygenerationthe younger / older generationgeneral【近】overalla general introduction to computing ways to improve your general health general cooking and cleaning books of general interesta general hospitalgenerousgenerous with one's money generalizegenuine【近】authenticIs the painting a genuine Picasso?a very genuine persongeniushydrogennitrogengentleBe gentle with the baby.a gentle breezegentleman▌-egn-pregnanta heavily pregnant womanpregnancya pregnancy test▌-ev-longevity (formal)We wish you both health and longevity.He prides himself on the longevity of the company.medieval / mediaevalmedieval architecture / castles / manuscriptsthe literature of the late medieval period▌young, -juven-youngyoungsterThe camp is for youngsters aged 8 to 14.youtha nation in its youthyouthfulyouthful enthusiasm / energy / inexperiencejuniorjunior employeesShe is junior to me.the world junior tennis championships office juniorsShe has coached many of our leading juniors. 【freshman】【sophomore】【junior】【senior】▌-sen-seniorHe is also a diplomat, but senior to me.Jen will be a senior this year.Seniors can get a 10% discount.senatesenator新浪微博@王泓锦老师免费四级词汇第2课▌-astr-, -astro-starfixed star【sun】【planet】astronomyastronomerastrologyastrologerastrologicalastronautdisasterdisastrous*【SYN】catastrophica disastrous harvest / fire / resultcatastrophe*【SYN】disasterWe've had a few catastrophes with the food for the party.【SYN】disastrouscatastrophic*catastrophic failureWhy was the explosion not catastrophic?▌-agr-agricultureagriculturalacre▌-electr-electricityelectrican electric generatoran electric plugan electric socketan electric blanketelectrical equipment electrical powerelectrical energyelectrical engineerelectrical engineering electricianelectronelectronic免费四级词汇第3课▌-port-portportable*a portable TVportable computerporterportageairportpassportreportreportersportsports centersupporta supportive familysupporter*a strong / loyal / staunch supporterI'm an Arsenal supporter.exportexportationimportimportationtransport*air / freight / road transportthe government's transport policyHis bike is his only means of transport. transportation▌-bio-biologybiologistbiologicala biological experiment biochemistrybiochemicalbiochemical weaponsbiographybiographerautobiographyantibiotic免费四级词汇第4课▌-fer-differdiffer fromdifferentbe different fromdifferenceconference*a conference room / center/ hallHe was in conference with his lawyers all day.offerspecial offersprefer*A local firm is to be preferred.I prefer my coffee black.preference*It's a matter of personal preference.give (a) preference to sb / sthin preference to sb / sthpreferable*Anything was preferable to the tense atmosphere at home.infer*【SYN】deduceMuch of the meaning must be inferred from the context. Are you inferring (that) I'm not capable of doing the job? inferencerefer*refer to sb / sth (as sth)refer to sb / sth【SYN】consultreference*The book is full of references to growing up in India.I wrote down the name of the hotel for future reference. We will take up references after the interview.refereesuffer*I hate to see animals suffering.He suffered a massive heart attack.His school work is suffering because of family problems.suffering*Death finally brought an end to her suffering.transfer*The film studio is transferring to Hollywood.He transferred the property to his son.▌-emper-empirethe Roman Empireemperorempressimperialimperial powerimperialismimperialistimperialistic免费四级词汇第5课▌-pos-pose*to pose a threat / challenge / danger / riskThe gang entered the building posing as workmen.positioncompose*【SYN】make upTen men compose the committee.Mozart composed his last opera shortly before he died. Emma frowned, making an effort to compose herself.composition*the composition of the board of directorsone of Beethoven's finest compositionscomponent*the components of a machineKey components of the government's plan are...composure*to keep / lose / recover / regain your composuredeposit*We've put down a 5% deposit on the house.to pay a depositDeposits can be made at any branch.【OPP】withdrawaldepositionexposeexposureexposition*a clear and detailed exposition of their legal positionoppose*He threw all those that opposed him into prison.opposite*Answers are given on the opposite page.He sat down in the chair opposite.students at opposite ends of the ability range oppositionpropose*What would you propose?What do you propose to do now?She proposed to me!proposalpurposesuppose*Prices will go up, I suppose.(formal) Suppose him dead—what then?be supposed to do / be sthpostpone*【SYN】put offThe game has already been postponed three times. postponement免费四级词汇第6课▌-sent-present*in the present situationThere were 200 people present at the meeting. 【OPP】absentHe hardly seemed to notice my presence.【OPP】absencepresentation*The presentation of prizes began after the speeches.give a presentation on the new productsrepresent*The President was represented at the ceremony by the Vice-President. Each colour on the chart represents a different department.representative*a representative of the UNHe was the Queen's representative at the ceremony.absent*to be absent from work【OPP】presentabsenceabsentee▌-press-press*the local / national / foreign pressa story that is hot off the pressOxford University Presspressureexpress*to express fears / doubts / reservationsCoconut milk is expressed from grated coconuts.an express bus / coach / trainexpression*an expression of support【SYN】lookThere was a worried expression on her face.impress*His sincerity impressed her.He impressed on us the need for immediate action. Her words impressed themselves on my memory.impression*a general / an overall impressiona big impressionimpressive*an impressive performance【OPP】unimpressiveimpressionismimpressionist免费四级词汇第7课▌-price-price*The price of cigarettes is set to rise again. Criticism is part of the price of leadership.at 'any pricepricelessappreciate*Her family doesn't appreciate her.【SYN】realizeappreciationappreciativeprecious*a precious vaseYou're wasting precious time!【SYN】treasuredprize*She was awarded the Nobel Peace prize.World peace is the greatest prize of all.【SYN】treasurepraise*She wrote poems in praise of freedom.【SYN】complimentpraise sb / sth to the 'skies▌-lect-collectcollectioncollective*collective leadership / decision-making / responsibilityan independent collective making films for televisioncollectorelect*the newly elected governmentthe president electelectionelectiveselect*He hasn't been selected for the team.selectionselective*selective strike actiona selective school (= one that chooses which children to admit, especially according to ability)elegant*【SYN】stylishhe was tall and elegant.an elegant dresselegance免费四级词汇第8课▌-bend-bend*He bent and kissed her.bend sb's 'ear (about sth)bend your 'mind / 'efforts to sthbent*a piece of bent wirea small bent old womanbent on sth / on doing sthbow*The people all bowed down before the Emperor. The pines bowed in the wind.bow down to sb / sthelbowrainbow▌-close-close*【SYN】shut【OPP】openWhat time does the bank close?closely*Political activity is closely controlled.I have been closely involved in the work of both committees. We were so closely packed in the elevator I could hardly move. includeinclusiveinclusionexclude*Buses run every hour, Sundays excluded.【OPP】includeShe felt excluded by the other girls.exclusive*The hotel has exclusive access to the beach.He belongs to an exclusive club.an exclusive hotelexclusionconclude*What do you conclude from that?Let me make just a few concluding remarks.They concluded a treaty with Turkey.conclusiveconclusion▌-cent-cent*in the 20th cent.centurypercentpercentagecentigradecentimeter免费四级词汇第9课▌-fore-beforefore*in the fore part of the shipformer*in former timesThe former option would be much more sensible. be a shadow / ghost of your former 'selfformerlyfirstfirstlyforeheadforecastforesee*【SYN】predictWe do not foresee any problems.forward / forwards*He took two steps forward.【OPP】back , backward(s)look forward to sthstraightforward*【SYN】easya straightforward process▌-proach-approach*Winter is approaching.She approached the bank for a loan.approachableapproximate*an approximate figureapproximationapproximately*The cost given is only approximate.【OPP】exactthe government's ambitious plans for social reform▌-amb-ambulanceambitionambitious*They were very ambitious for their children (= they wanted them to be successful). the government's ambitious plans for social reform【OPP】unambitious免费四级词汇第10课▌-ambi-ambiguous*an ambiguous word / term / statementHis role has always been ambiguous.【OPP】unambiguousambiguityambassadorembassy▌-able-able*calculablefashionableabilityunableinabilitydisable*He was disabled in a car accident.The burglars gained entry to the building after disabling the alarm. disabilitydisabled*physically / mentally disabledcaring for the sick, elderly and disabledadapt*【SYN】modifyThese styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.【SYN】adjustadaptive*adaptable*Successful businesses are highly adaptable to economic change. adaptation▌-add-addaddition*【OPP】subtractionchildren learning addition and subtractionin addition (to sb / sth)additional*【SYN】extraadditional resources / funds / security【SYN】in additionadditive*food additives免费四级词汇第11课▌-act-act*an act of kindnessan Act of Congressbe / get in on the actaction*She began to explain her plan of action to the group.He is considering taking legal action against the hospital. into 'actionactive*【OPP】inactiveShe takes an active part in school life.an active volcano (= likely to erupt )activityactivate*The burglar alarm is activated by movement.react*You never know how he is going to react.People can react badly to certain food additives. react against sb / sthreactoractoractressactualexact*【SYN】preciseWhat were his exact words?【SYN】meticulousagency*You can book at your local travel agency.the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)through the agency ofagent*an insurance agenta theatrical / literary agentThe charity has been an agent for social change. agenda▌-opt-opinionoption*There are various options open to you.The course offers options in design and computing. keep / leave your 'options openoptional*Certain courses are compulsory, others are optional.adopt*to adopt a childAll seven teams adopted different approaches to the problem. He adopted an air of indifference.adoptionadoptive免费四级词汇第12课▌-mire-admire*I really admire your enthusiasm.He stood back to admire his handiwork.admireradmiring*admiring glancesadmirable*【SYN】commendableHer dedication to her work was admirable.admirationmiraclemiraculous▌-vi-, -vis-, -wis-television / TV【SYN】obviousHe showed no visible sign of emotion.visibilityinvisible*She felt invisible in the crowd.【OPP】visibleinvisible earningsinvisibilitywisewisdomwitty*a witty speakera witty remarkwitness*a witness to the killingbe (a) 'witness to sthShe was shocked by the violent scenes she had witnessed.view*In my view it was a waste of time.the Christian view of the worldThere was nobody in view.viewpoint*【SYN】point of viewTry looking at things from a different viewpoint.【SYN】angleinterview*a job interviewa television / radio / newspaper interviewWe interviewed two people for the job.preview*a special preview of our winter fashion collectionThe professor previewed the course for us.The case is subject to judicial review.a book review。