非谓语动词作成分

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句子大全之非谓语动词可充当的句子成分

句子大全之非谓语动词可充当的句子成分

非谓语动词可充当的句子成分一、非谓语动词作主语不定式和动名词都可以作主语。

两者的区别是:表示某一具体的动作时,多用不定式;表示比较抽象的一般的行为时,多用动名词。

当动名词或不定式短语较长时,常用it作形式主语,放在句首,而把动名词或不定式短语放在句末。

例1 it took years of work ______(reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water.解析:答案为to reduce。

括号内给出了一个动词原形reduce,但是仔细观察句子结构可知,该句已有谓语动词took,因此空格处应填非谓语动词。

“it took(takes)some time to do sth.”是固定句式,意思是“做某事花了多长时间”。

该句型中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。

二、非谓语动词作宾语不定式和动名词都可作宾语。

有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语,如want / wish / hope / manage / demand / promise / refuse / pretend / plan / offer / decide / agree / expect等。

有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语,如admit / appreciate / avoid / consider / delay/ dislike / enjoy / escape / finish / forgive / imagine / keep / mind / miss / practice / resist / risk / deny / stand等。

有些动词或动词短语后既可以跟不定式,又可以跟动名词作宾语,但意义上有区别,如forget / remember / regret / try / mean / go on等。

例2 still,the boy kept ______(ride).解析:答案为riding。

非谓语动词的三种形式

非谓语动词的三种形式

非谓语动词共分为三种,构成形式如下:1.动词不定式(Infinitives):2.现在分词和过去分词 (present participles & past participles):3. 动名词(gerunds)下面我们依据句子的成分,来具体分析非谓语动词的不同用法。

1.非谓语动词做主语和表语主语、表语和同位语在句子中用名词来担当,非谓语动词中动词不定式和动名词均可以用作名词,因此,动词不定式和动名词可以用来担当这三种成分。

1)非谓语动词做主语一般情况下,用动名词来做主语的情况比较多,动词不定式用作主语的情况比较少。

通常来说,在表达将来的要发生的事情时用不定式来作主语,而表达一般情况习惯性的动作时用动名词来作主语。

例如:Teaching is a tiring but satisfying job.Swimming is a good kind of exercise.To be an astronaut is Johnson’s desire.在用it做形式主语的句子中通常用动词不定式来做真正的主语。

例如:It is necessary (for you) to give up smoking.It is everyone’s duty to protect the environment.但是值得注意的是在各别情况下,即使是It做形式主语,真正的主语也必须用动名词,这些情况很少,所以希望同学们能单独记忆下来,以下是此类情况的一个总结。

It is/was no use/good doing sth.It is/was not any use/good doing sth.It is/was of little use/good doing sth.2)非谓语动词做表语非谓语动词作此成分的时候跟作主语时的规则基本一致。

在表示“目的,愿望,梦想,需求”等名词做主语时其表语应该用不定式.例如:Her wish was to become an artist.她的愿望是成为一位艺术家Our aim is to help them,not to teach them a lesson.我们的目的是帮助他们,而不是教训他们。

非谓语动词可充当的句子成分

非谓语动词可充当的句子成分

非谓语动词可充当的句子成分一、非谓语动词作主语不定式和动名词都可以作主语。

两者的区别是:表示某一具体的动作时,多用不定式;表示比较抽象的一般的行为时,多用动名词。

当动名词或不定式短语较长时,常用it作形式主语,放在句首,而把动名词或不定式短语放在句末。

例1Ittookyearsofwork______(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.解析:答案为toreduce。

括号内给出了一个动词原形reduce,但是仔细观察句子结构可知,该句已有谓语动词took,因此空格处应填非谓语动词。

“Ittook(takes)sometimetodosth.”是固定句式,意思是“做某事花了多长时间”。

该句型中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。

二、非谓语动词作宾语不定式和动名词都可作宾语。

有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语,如want/wish/hope/manage/demand/promise/refuse/pretend/plan/of fer/decide/agree/expect等。

有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语,如admit/appreciate/avoid/consider/delay/dislike/enjoy/escape/ finish/forgive/imagine/keep/mind/miss/practice/resist/risk/ deny/stand等。

有些动词或动词短语后既可以跟不定式,又可以跟动名词作宾语,但意义上有区别,如forget/remember/regret/try/mean/goon等。

例2Still,theboykept______(ride).解析:答案为riding。

括号内给出了一个动词原形ride,观察句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词kept,此处应填非谓语动词。

keep后接doing形式,因此空格处应填riding。

非谓语动词讲解举例子

非谓语动词讲解举例子

非谓语动词讲解举例子非谓语动词是指除了谓语动词之外的其他动词形式,包括动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词。

非谓语动词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语等成分。

下面将分别介绍非谓语动词的形式及其用法,并举例说明。

1. 动词不定式(to+动词原形)动词不定式一般用在动词后面,可以表示目的、意图、原因、结果等。

例句:- I went to the supermarket to buy some groceries.(我去超市买了一些杂货。

)这里的不定式"to buy"表示目的。

- My friends and I decided to go hiking this weekend.(我和我的朋友决定这个周末去远足。

)这里的不定式"to go"表示动作的意图。

2. 现在分词(动词+ing)现在分词可以用作形容词,表示正在进行的动作。

例句:- The running water is so clear.(流动的水很清澈。

)这里的现在分词"running"作为形容词修饰水。

- I saw a crying child on the street.(我看到了街上一个哭泣的孩子。

)这里的现在分词"crying"作为形容词修饰孩子。

3. 过去分词(一般以-ed、-en或其他形式结尾)过去分词一般用作形容词,表示被动或完成的动作。

例句:- The broken window needs to be repaired.(破损的窗户需要修理。

)这里的过去分词"broken"作为形容词修饰窗户。

- She was thrilled to receive the unexpected gift.(她收到这个意外的礼物感到兴奋。

)这里的过去分词"unexpected"作为形容词修饰礼物。

非谓语动词还有其他用法,如作状语、宾语补足语等,下面是一些例子:- Being a doctor, he is always busy.(作状语)作为一个医生,他总是很忙。

英语语法:非谓语动词用法

英语语法:非谓语动词用法

【导语】⾮谓语动词,⼜叫⾮限定动词,⾮谓语动词是指在句⼦中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的⾮谓语形式。

⾮谓语动词除了不能独⽴作谓语外,可以承担句⼦的其他成分。

整理了⾮谓语动词⽤法,快来看看吧!希望能帮助到你~更多相关讯息请关注! 概述 在⼤学英语四六级考试的词汇和语法部分中,年年必考的⼀项语法就是⾮谓语动词(Non-finite Verb)。

⾮谓语动词分为三类:不定式(infinitive)、动名词(gerund)和分词(participle)。

其特点是: 1.不定式、动名词和分词可以做很多句⼦成分,但就是不能单独做谓语,这也是它们被称为"⾮谓语动词"的原因。

2.它们具有各种形态:原形、主动态、被动态、进⾏态和完成态。

3.不定式和动名词可以做主语、宾语、表语、补语等。

但不管起什么作⽤,它们都具有动词的功能,但⽆语法上的动词性质,这⼀点可以通过它们不受主语的⼈称和数的限制体现出来。

4.分词起形容词和副词作⽤,可做表语、定语、状语和复合结构中的复合宾语,但不能做主语和宾语。

它也不受主语⼈称和数的限制。

不定式 1.结构 不定式的主动态是to do,其否定式是not to do,被动态是to be done,进⾏态是to be doing,完成态是to have done. 例:1996年6⽉四级第24题 Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection ______ to the nation. A) has left B) is to leave C) leaves D) is to be left 结合选项来看,全句的意思:"78岁的丹尼斯爵⼠已经向众⼈宣布他的许多收藏品将留给国家".收藏品是"被留给国家",因此需要⼀个被动式做宾语,所以答案是D) is to be left. 2.不定式做主语 例:1995年1⽉四级第55题 It is not unusual for workers in that region _________. A) to be paid more than a month later B) to be paid later than more a month C) to pay later than a month more D) to pay later more than a month it 在句中作形式主语。

非谓语动词的基本结构及用法

非谓语动词的基本结构及用法

非谓语的基本结构及用法(一)非谓语的分类以及各自在句子中所能充当的成分。

非谓语分为不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词。

(动名词和现在分词形式相同)以下表格表示的是它们各自所能充当的成分:完成进行to have been writing /(1)不定式在句子中做主语To go there in time is his most important task now.It is his most important task to go there in time.It is a great joy to play football.When to start is the question.(不定式与疑问词who ,when,which,where,how等连用,在句子中起名词作用,可以做主语,表语,宾阳)(2)不定式在句子中做宾语。

(以“to do”做宾语的动词主要有:ask,want,wish,hope,expect,help,refuse,learn,demand,dare,choose,arrange,decide,agree,promise,plan,offer,manage,pretend,prepare,fail,determine,long,seem等)如:They pretended to have finished their work.He had planned to finish it in time.They thought it necessary to go to church every weekend.We find it good to have a walk every day.They don’t now where to go.(3)不定式在句子中做表语。

如:His dream is to be taught by that famous professor.The only thing he wants to do now is to study hard.His aim is to get the first place in the game.The question is which one to choose.(4)不定式在句子中做状语。

非谓语动词用法详细讲解

非谓语动词用法详细讲解

⾮谓语动词⽤法详细讲解⾮谓语动词⽤法详解动词的⾮谓语形式有三种:不定式、动名词和分词(⼀)不定式不定式由“to⼗动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not to do ” ?不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有⼈称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化?不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语?不定式的逻辑主语有时⽤“for⼗名词或代词宾格”构成.1 ?不定式的⽤法:1)作主语.不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,⽤it作形式主语?例如:To see is to believe .It is right to give up smok ing2)作宾语.不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补⾜语。

往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补⾜语之后,⽽⽤it作形式宾语.例如:He wan ted to go .I find it interesting to study work with him.3)作宾语补⾜语.例如:He asked me to do the work with him.注意 :在feel,hear,listen to,look at,notice, observe,see,watch,have, let,make等词后的补⾜语中,不定式不带to.但是这些句⼦如果变成被动结构时,就必须带to.例如I ofte n hear him sing the songHe is ofte n heard to sing the song注意:不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后⾯时,如果这些介词之前有⾏为动词do的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to.⼥⼝:She could do nothing but cry.What do you like to do besides swim?I have no choice but to go .动词help之后,带to或不带to都可以。

英语语法:非谓语动词

英语语法:非谓语动词

非谓语动词非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词。

主要包括不定式(to do)、动名词(v.-ing)和分词(现在分词-ing和过去分词-ing)三种形式。

非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。

在非谓语动词前加not,never,即not / never to do,not / never doing。

二、非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词的做题步骤:1、判定是否用非谓语形式。

方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。

方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。

3、判断主被动关系。

方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。

4、判断时间关系。

方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。

之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。

基本原则:不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。

不定式作状语:1.目的状语:如果强调目的性,不定式前还可以加“in order”或“so as”,构成“in order to do”(句中/句首)或“so as to do”(句中)结构,并且之前不能用逗号隔开。

Eg. You work hard in order to entrance the college.Take down the number so as not to forget it.2.结果状语:常用句式:so…as to,such…as to,…enough to,only to(表示意外结果或事与愿违的结果),too…to等。

Eg. I hurried back only to find that her mother had left.3.主动表被动:在“主语+系动词+表语(adj.)+to do”结构中,句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的被动关系,且形容词表示主语的特征或性质,这时,需用不定式的主动形式表被动意思。

非谓语动词在句中成分

非谓语动词在句中成分

非谓语动词在句中成分什么是非谓语动词在语法中,谓语动词是句子中的核心动词,用来表示主语的动作或状态。

而非谓语动词则是指在句子中承担其他成分功能,不起谓语动词的作用。

非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和现在分词。

非谓语动词的作用非谓语动词在句子中可以担任动词、名词或形容词的角色。

具体来说,非谓语动词可以作为句子的主语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。

1. 非谓语动词作主语非谓语动词作主语时,常使用动词不定式或动名词的形式。

例如:•To travel is my dream. (动词不定式作主语)•Swimming is good for your health. (动名词作主语)2. 非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词可作动词的宾语,表示动作的完成或延续。

例如:•I enjoy reading books. (动名词作宾语)•She wants to go shopping. (动词不定式作宾语)3. 非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词可用来修饰名词或代词,充当定语的角色。

例如:•The running water sounded soothing. (现在分词作定语)•He showed me a good place to eat. (动词不定式作定语)4. 非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词可以作状语,用来修饰动词、形容词或副词,表达时间、原因、方式、条件等。

例如:•She left, crying. (现在分词作状语,表示方式)•He spoke so fast that I could hardly keep up with him. (动词不定式作状语,表示原因)5. 非谓语动词作补语非谓语动词可以用来补充宾语或主语的意义。

例如:•My father asked me to clean the room. (动词不定式作宾补)•I considered the decision taken by the committee. (动名词作宾补)非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词有三种形式:动词不定式、动名词和现在分词。

非谓语做宾语

非谓语做宾语

非谓语动词语做宾语的概述一、非谓语动词语做宾语的概念非谓语动词语是指不作谓语的动词形式,包括不定式、动名词和分词。

非谓语动词语具有动词的特征,可以表示动作、状态、过程等,也可以带有自己的宾语、状语等,但是不受主语的人称和数的限制,也不表示时态和语态。

非谓语动词语可以作为句子的主语、宾语、定语、状语等成分,其中作为宾语的非谓语动词语是本文的重点。

非谓语动词语做宾语时,要注意与主语或谓语动词的搭配关系,以及不同形式的含义和语气的区别。

一般来说,有些动词只能接动名词或名词作宾语,有些动词只能接不定式作宾语,有些动词既可以接动名词也可以接不定式作宾语,但意义或语气有所不同,还有些动词可以接动名词或不定式作宾语,意义或语气没有明显差别。

因此,学习非谓语动词语做宾语时,要根据具体的动词和语境,选择合适的形式。

二、非谓语动词语做宾语的分类根据非谓语动词语的形式,可以将其分为三类:不定式、动名词和分词。

下面分别介绍这三类非谓语动词语做宾语的用法和特点。

1. 不定式做宾语不定式是由to加上动词原形构成的非谓语动词语,可以表示目的、意愿、可能等。

不定式做宾语时,可以直接跟在动词后面,也可以用it作为形式宾语,将不定式放在句末。

不定式做宾语时,可以有以下几种形态:一般式,表示一般性或同时发生的动作,如:I want to see you.完成式,表示在谓语动词之前已经完成的动作,如:He pretended to have seen the film.进行式,表示正在进行的动作,如:She pretended to be sleeping.被动式,表示被动的动作,如:He is glad to be invited to the party.不定式做宾语时,要注意以下几点:有些动词后只能接不定式作宾语,不能接动名词或名词,如:agree, decide, expect, hope, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, tend, want, wish等,如:He agreed to help me.有些动词后可以接不定式或动名词作宾语,但意义或语气有所不同,如:forget, remember, regret, stop, try, need等,如:I forgot to lock the door.(我忘了锁门。

非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式

非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式

非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式是动词的非谓语形式.动词一般在句子中充当谓语.在句中可起名词,形容词,副词的作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分3种形式:不定式,分词(现在分词、过去分词),动名词二、非谓语动词用法:(一)动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。

1.不定式的形式:(以动词write为例)否定式:not + (to) do2.不定式的句法功能:(1)作主语:To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.To lose your heart means failure.动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式:It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It means failure to lose your heart.(2)作表语:Her job is to clean the hall.He appears to have caught a cold.(3)作宾语:常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, re fuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it 作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如:I have no choice but to stay here.He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.(4)作宾语补足语:在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wi sh, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call o n, wait for, invite此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如:I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.(5)作定语:动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。

非谓语动词在句中成分

非谓语动词在句中成分

非谓语动词在句中成分
非谓语动词通常用作动词的补语、定语和状语。

以下是其在句中成分的不同用法:
1. 作主语补语:非谓语动词可以作为动词的主语补语,表示对主语的补充说明。

例如:
- To learn a foreign language is important.(学一门外语是很重要的。


- Swimming is good exercise.(游泳是一种很好的运动。


2. 作宾语补语:非谓语动词可以作为及物动词的宾语补语,进一步说明宾语。

例如:
- I want to visit Paris.(我想去巴黎。


- She made him clean the room.(她让他打扫房间。


3. 作定语:非谓语动词可以作为名词的定语,修饰名词。

例如:
- The boy playing basketball is my brother.(打篮球的男孩是我弟弟。


- The book written by Mark Twain is famous.(马克·吐温写的书是著名的。


4. 作状语:非谓语动词可以作为句子的状语,表示时间、原因、目的、方式等。

例如:
- Walking slowly, he enjoyed the beautiful view.(他缓慢地走着,欣赏着美景。


- To pass the exam, she studied hard.(为了通过考试,她努力学习。

)。

非谓语动词作成分资料讲解

非谓语动词作成分资料讲解

❖ -ed 做宾补 ❖ 1.感官动词see, hear, find sb/sth done等 ❖ 2.使役动词have,get, leave, keep等 ❖ He raised his voice to make himself heard. ❖ We heard the story told. ❖ We heard the story being told.
2.-ing做宾补 1.感官动词see, hear, find sb. doing等 2.使役动词have,get, leave, keep, send,
won’t have sb doing等
I found the man lying on the ground.
Tom kept us waiting in the wind.
X The boy having won the gold metal is my cousin.
The question, having been discussed for thousands of years, has now been solved.
❖ 对比: ❖ The meeting held yesterday/being held now/ to be
❖ Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us
❖ She insisted on me/my/her mother(’s) staying for lunch
有些动词如consider, prove, know, feel, suppose, discover, imagine, find 等也可跟 “宾语 + to be”的形式,使用中应注意。例如:

非谓语动词的三种形式及用法总结

非谓语动词的三种形式及用法总结

非谓语动词的三种形式及用法总结非谓语动词是汉语中非常常用的一种语法成分。

非谓语动词不仅仅是汉语中的一种动词,它也可以用来表达一种动态的概念,也可以作为一种语法结构。

根据不同的用法,可以将非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词和分词。

本文将介绍非谓语动词的三种形式,以及它们的用法。

首先,不定式是最常用的非谓语动词形式,它在句子中作为宾语、状语或补语使用,一般以动词原形开头,跟着助动词“to”。

不定式有两种:完成不定式和未完成不定式。

完成不定式表示动作已经完成,未完成不定式表示动作还未发生。

例如:I want to go to the store (我想去商店),I have already gone to the store (我已经去过商店)。

其次,动名词是完成形式的一种,它表示一个动作的进行或完成的状态,一般以动词的原形开头,跟着助动词“to”。

动名词也可以用作宾语、定语、状语或补语等。

例如:I like watching movies (我喜欢看电影),She doesn like going shopping (她不喜欢购物)。

最后,分词是变位语法的一种,它是一种过去分词或现在分词,分词用来修饰句子中的名词或代词。

分词表示一个被动的动作或过去某一时间发生的动作,按照时态可以分为过去分词和现在分词。

例如:I saw him running (我看见他在跑步),He said he was leaving (他说他正要离开)。

总的来说,非谓语动词是汉语中最常用的一种语法成分,它们在句子中可以用作宾语、状语、补语或定语等,它们的作用是使句子的意义更加完整明确,更加准确地表达说话者的意思。

以上就是有关非谓语动词的三种形式及用法总结,希望能够帮助你更好地使用非谓语动词。

非谓语动词可充当的句子成分

非谓语动词可充当的句子成分

非谓语动词可充当的句子成分作者:李兰英来源:《高中生·高考指导》2015年第10期一、非谓语动词作主语不定式和动名词都可以作主语。

两者的区别是:表示某一具体的动作时,多用不定式;表示比较抽象的一般的行为时,多用动名词。

当动名词或不定式短语较长时,常用it作形式主语,放在句首,而把动名词或不定式短语放在句末。

例1 It took years of work ______(reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water.解析:答案为to reduce。

括号内给出了一个动词原形reduce,但是仔细观察句子结构可知,该句已有谓语动词took,因此空格处应填非谓语动词。

“It took(takes) some time to do sth.”是固定句式,意思是“做某事花了多长时间”。

该句型中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。

二、非谓语动词作宾语不定式和动名词都可作宾语。

有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语,如want / wish / hope / manage / demand / promise / refuse / pretend / plan / offer / decide / agree / expect等。

有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语,如admit / appreciate / avoid / consider / delay / dislike / enjoy / escape / finish / forgive / imagine / keep / mind / miss / practice / resist / risk / deny / stand等。

有些动词或动词短语后既可以跟不定式,又可以跟动名词作宾语,但意义上有区别,如forget / remember / regret / try / mean / go on等。

非谓语动词的考点总结

非谓语动词的考点总结

语法专题非谓语动词to do(动词不定式)、doing(现在分词、动名词)、done{过去分词}统称为非谓语动词。

这三类动词的形式在句中不能单独作谓语,统称非谓语动词。

下面进行分类解析。

一to do(动词不定式)可以充当谓语以外的任何成分(英语中的句子成分有七种:主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表、同位语)。

不定式所作的成分如下:1.作主语To learn English is important.不定式短语作主语时, 往往放在谓语之后, 用it作形式主语, 例如:It is right to give up smoking. 戒烟是对的(常考/用句式:It is important/necessary/dangerous to do sth)2. 作宾语动词不定式做宾语时, 如果还带有宾语补足语, 往往把不定式放在宾语补足语之后, 而用it作形式宾语. 例如:I find it interesting to work with him. 我感觉和他一起工作很有趣.(常考/用句式:find/feel/think/believe/consider it important/necessary/dangerous to do sth)3. 作定语:动词不定式作定语时,和其所修饰的名词间有三种关系a.动宾关系如I have homework to do. to do是homework的定语,可以说do homework 因此不定式to do 中的do和被修饰词homework之间是动宾关系b.主谓关系如I have a daughter to look after me. 我有可以照料我的女儿。

to look after me作a daughter的定语,可以说a daughter look after me,因此不定式to look after me中的look after me和被修饰词a daughter 之间是主谓关系。

非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式

非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式

非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式是动词的非谓语形式.动词一般在句子中充当谓语.在句中可起名词,形容词,副词的作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分3种形式:不定式,分词(现在分词、过去分词),动名词二、非谓语动词用法:(一)动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。

1.不定式的形式:(以动词write为例)否定式:not + (to) do2.不定式的句法功能:(1)作主语:To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.To lose your heart means failure.动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式:It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It means failure to lose your heart.(2)作表语:Her job is to clean the hall.He appears to have caught a cold.(3)作宾语:常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, re fuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it 作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如:I have no choice but to stay here.He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.(4)作宾语补足语:在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wi sh, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call o n, wait for, invite此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如:I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.(5)作定语:动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。

非谓语动词语法讲解

非谓语动词语法讲解
非谓语动词语法讲解
非谓语动词分类 不定式(to do) 动词ing -ed 形式
非谓语动词可以担当的成分
1.To see you is glad. (作主语) 作主语) =It’s glad to see you. 2.I want to see you. (作宾语) 作宾语) 作宾语 3.My hope is to see you. (作表语) 作表语) 作表语 4.I want him to see you. 作宾补) (作宾补) 5.He is the man to see you.(作定语) 作定语) 6.I’m glad to see you.(作原因状语) 作原因状语) (作目的状语) 7.I went to see you. 作目的状语) 8.He went so early as to see you
(5)注意有些动词如:advise,permit ,allow,admit, 注意有些动词如: 注意有些动词如 , , , forbid,imagine,consider接不定式与接 接不定式与接~ing形式的不同 , , 接不定式与接 形式的不同 结构。 结构。 ①这些动词后面跟复合宾语时,用不定式作宾补。 这些动词后面跟复合宾语时,用不定式作宾补。 advise/permit/allow/admit/forbid/imagine / / / / / /consider…sb.to do sth. . . 这些动词后面直接跟非谓语动词时, ②这些动词后面直接跟非谓语动词时,用动名词 ~doing. advise/permit/allow/admit/forbid/imagine / / / / / /consider…doing sth.
如果这个作定语的不定式是一个不及物动词, 如果这个作定语的不定式是一个不及物动词, 注意不可忽略不定式短语中的副词或介词。 注意不可忽略不定式短语中的副词或介词。 如:I need a pen to write with.(可看成:to write with the pen) She now has nothing to worry about.(可看 成:to worry about nothing)
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动词不定式复合结构 It’s difficult for you to study English.
It’s nice of you to help me.
Hale Waihona Puke I feel it right to tell her the truth.
动名词复合结构

在句中作主语或宾语等由动名词的逻辑主语即物主代词 或名词所有格+动名词短语构成
I have much work to do . He is always the first to come. I „d like some exciting music to listen to. We found the book difficult to understand. 如果句子找不出上述逻辑主语,或不定式的逻 辑主语不是句中主语时,则一般用被动语态。 Her boss got a lot of letters to be typed. (不是老板自己打,而是别人打) “Do you have any clothes to be washed today”
-ed

当动词变成被动时
They
left the work half done. The work was left half done. She found her bike stolen Her bike was found stolen.
当 “have”作“有”解释时,如果后面跟有表达某 些感情的名difficulty, trouble, problem, fun, a hard time等通常使用动名词,实际上这种 句型是在动名词前省去了介词in。例如:
We considered/found him (to be ) dishonest. 我们发现他不诚实。 We all suppose him to be dead. 我们都以为他死了。
1. 不定式作宾补 有些动词如allow, advise, ask, beg, believe, call, cause, enable, encourage, get, invite, order, teach, tell 等 后边常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。
-ing作定语与所修饰的名词之间是主动关系,或表进行 -ed作定语表被动,或完成 The car waiting outside, songs written by Jackson. Fallen leaves, retired workers 不能用分词的完成式作定语,但中间有逗号隔开时可以如
当谓语动词变成被动时
The man was found lying on the ground. We were kept waiting in the wind.
做宾补 1.感官动词see, hear, find sb/sth done等 2.使役动词have,get, leave, keep等 He raised his voice to make himself heard. We heard the story told. We heard the story being told.
宾语补足语
I invited him to come here. He was invited to come here. The teacher allowed me to finish my homework on Friday.
在make, let, have等使役动词后;在see, watch, look at, observe, feel, hear, listen to, notice等表示感官的动词 后省去动词不定式符号“to”。但如这些词用被动,则带 to That made me quit.
分词及分词短语作状语可表示时间,原因,条件, 结果,让步,方式或伴随情况。分词(短语)可 以放在句首也可放在句末,通常用逗号与句子其 他部分隔开。分词前可带“when, while, as, once, until, if ”等连接词。例如:
(While) Walking along the street, we found
a purse lying on the ground. The teacher entered the classroom, followed by his students.
Not having received an answer, I wrote again.
Not having been tested, this new-type oil pump can’t be put into production.
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us She insisted on me/my/her mother(’s) staying for lunch

有些动词如consider, prove, know, feel, suppose, discover, imagine, find 等也可跟 “宾语 + to be”的形式,使用中应注意。例如:
宾语
(1)有些动词只要求动词不定式作宾语,如want, decide, learn, pretend, hope, expect, refuse, manage, long, promise, offer, hate (2) 要求用动名词作宾语,常见的这类动词有
admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, consider, confess, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, excuse, envy, fancy, favor, finish, forbid, imagine, include, involve, keep, mind, miss, mention, pardon, permit, practice, prevent, quit, resist, risk, stand, suggest, understand 等。

固定结构: Generally/ honestly speaking Judging from/by Compared to/ with To tell the truth To be honest Considering/given Given/considering his interest in children, teaching seem the right job for her.
状语
不定式做状语大多表目的,放后面时不用逗号隔 开;有时表出乎意料的结果,一般有逗号。



The children all turned ______the famous actress as she entered the classroom. A.looked at B.to look at C.to looking at D.look at Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, ___reduce unemployment pressures. A.help B.to have helped C.to help D.having helped He woke up (only)to see he was in hospital.

分词独立结构
Everything having been prepared, they began to make a new experiment.
The meeting being over, we held a discussion. He left the room angrily, without a word more spoken. There being a lot of books to read, he often studied till midnight.

The boy having won the gold metal is my cousin. X The question, having been discussed for thousands of years, has now been solved. 对比: The meeting held yesterday/being held now/ to be held tomorrow
He has difficulty (in) speaking English?
I still remember the great fun I had ____ Disneyland.
A. visited B visiting C visit D to visit
定语
不定式作定语常表将来,与靠近的名词或代词有逻辑的动 宾关系,但其逻辑主语是句子的主语,一般用主动语态。
I was made to quit.
2.-ing做宾补 1.感官动词see, hear, find sb. doing等 2.使役动词have,get, leave, keep, send, won’t have sb doing等 I found the man lying on the ground. Tom kept us waiting in the wind. The explosion sent us running in all directions. I won’t have my children saying dirty words.
1. ________(finish)his homework , he went out to play. 2.______the project in time, the staff were working at weekends. pleting B.Having completed C.To have completed D.To complete 3.______, you need to give all you have and try your best. A.Being a winner B.To be a winner C.Be a winner D.Having been a winner 4.____and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. A.To be tired B.Tired C.Tiring D.Being tired 5._____ down the radio---- the baby's asleep in the next room. A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn 6._____ in thought , he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 7. ____up, or you’ll be late. A. Hurrying B. Hurry C having hurried D. hurried 8.____ (buy)some chocolate when you are in Italy. 9. _____ some chocolate is what tourists in Italy often do.
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