外贸英语实务6
《外贸单证》Unit6 Delivery of Goods
UNIT6 SHIPMENT of GOODSI. Aims and Requirments了解国际货物运输采用的几种运输方式，合同中的装运条款如何拟订，以及如何运用好有关装运单据。
II. Focus and Difficulties1.海洋运输方式中有关班轮运输的特点及装运条款的规定、2.运输单据的分类和特点III. Teaching Procedure1. 运输方式1) 海洋运输（Ocean Transport）（1）海洋运输的特点（2）海洋运输船舶的经营方式1、班轮运输（Liner Transport）或定期船运输, 班轮运输的特点：“四固定”、“一负责”2、租船运输（Charter Transport）或不定期船运输（1）定程租船（Voyage Charter ）或航次租船（2）定期租船（Time Charter）（3）光船租船（Bareboat Charter）或净船期租（4）航次期租（Time Charter on Trip Basis，TCT）（3）海上货物运输费用1、班轮运费: 由基本运费和附加运费构成2、定程租船运费3. 定程租船运费的支付方式：运费预付(Freight Prepaid)和运费到付(Freight Collected)4. 定程租船的装卸费a.船方负担装货费和卸货费（Gross Terms）b. 船方管装不管卸（FO）c. 船方管卸不管装（FI）d.船方装和卸均不管（FIO）2) 铁路运输（Rail Transport）3) 航空运输（Air Transport）4)集装箱运输（Container Transport）（1）集装箱运输的含义及种类:不同型号的集装箱一般折算成TEU 计算。
（2）集装箱运输的优点( 3)集装箱运输的交接方式和交接地点5) 国际多式联运和大陆桥运输（1）国际多式联运（International Multimodal Transport）多式联运经营人是事主，而不是发货人的代理人或参加多式联运的承运人的代理人，并负有履行合同的责任。
贸易实务6
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条形码:6936983800013各个部分是代表什么意思? • 693表示中国 69369838 厂商代码 桂平市西山镇城中印
刷厂 0001 产品代码 ，企业自定 3 校验码
Neutral packing
1 定牌包装
买方要求卖方在商品和包装上采用其指 定的商标和牌号 • 买方和卖方各有利益考虑 • 注意问题 ◆ 防止买方利用定牌来排挤卖方商标 ◆ 买方所指定的商标有无产权纠纷
Standard shipping marks
• SMCO
……收货人代号
(NAMEOF IMPORTER)
• 2002/C NO.245789 ……参考号
(REFERANCENUMBER)
• NEW YORK
……目的地(PORT
OFDESTINATION)
• NO. 1—20
……件数代号
(SERIALNUMBER)
A:The wooden case will be put into the comtainer directly,doesn ’ t i t ? B: You are right. A: How about dampness protection?Dampness may cauce damage during the
国际贸易实务英文版参考答案
Chapter 1I .YES，Please refer to the 1st paragraph of the text.II. 流动性过剩自给自足经济资源直接投资国际收支易货交易出口退税倾销出口型经济增长东道国贸易差额贸易顺差／贸易逆差欧盟国际收支顺差／国际收支逆差有形贸易无形贸易货物贸易服务贸易excess liquidity self-sufficienteconomic resources direct investment balance of payments barterexport tax rebate dumpingexport-driven economic growth host country balance of tradefavorable/unfavorable balance of trade European Unionfavorable/unfavorable balance of payments visible trade invisible trade trade in goods trade in serv icesIIIThe chart above shows the U.S. imports from China, U.S. exports to China and the trade balance . The U.S. has a negative trade balance with China, and it has been growing. During the period fro m 1997 to 2003, imports from China have grown 244% while exports to China have grown 221%, indicating that the trade deficit is increasing. There had already been a sizeable trade balance defi cit with China in 1996, totaling $ 39.5 billion at the end of the year. IV1. Export goods are tangible goods sent out of countries.2. Trade in services are international earnings other than those derived from the exporting and i mporting of tangible goods.3. Import goods are tangible goods brought in.4. International trade is all business transactions that involve two or more countries.5. FDI is one t hat gives the investor a controlling interest in a foreign company.6. Investment is used primarily as financial means for a company to earn more money on its mo ney with relative safety. V1. International trade is the fair and deliberate exchange of goods and/or services across national boundaries. It concerns trade operations of both import and export and includes the purchase and s ale of both visible and invisible goods.2. In today's complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient. Nation s participate in the international trade for many reasons. As to the economic reasons, no nation has all of the economic resources (land, labor and capital) that it needs to develop its economy and cu lture, and no country enjoys a particular item sufficient enough to meet its needs. As for the prefer ence reasons, international trade takes place because of innovation of style. Besides, every nation can specialize in a certain field and enjoy a comparative advantage in some particular area in term s of trade so that they need to do business with each other to make use of resources more efficientl y and effectively.3. In measuring the effectiveness of global trade, nations carefully follow two key indicators, na mely, balance of trade and balance of payments.4. FDI, the abbreviation form Foreign Direct Investment, means buying of permanent property a nd business in foreign nations. It occurs when acquisition of equity interest in a foreign company is trade. The great significance of FDI for China might be that: FDI solve the problem of capital s hortage for China so that China may spend the money on importing advanced equipment and technologies for its infrastructure, national supporting industry, key projects, etc.Chapter 2 I关税壁垒非关税壁垒从量税配额保护性关税市场失灵幼稚产业许可证制度财政关税政府采购贸易保护主义从价税最低限价本地采购规则增加内需Domestic content Red-tape barriers Export subsidies Binding quota Absolute quotas VERTariff-rate quotas Zero quota"Buy local" rules Tariff barriers non-tariff barriers specific duties quotaprotective tariff market failure infant industry licensing system Revenue tariffgovernment procurement trade protectionism Ad Valorem Duties floor price"buy local" rulesraise domestic demand 国内含量进口环节壁垒出口补贴绑定配额绝对配额自愿出口限制关税配额零配额本地采购原则II1. Protectionism means the deliberate use or encouragement of restrictions on imports to enable re latively inefficient domestic producers to compete successfully with foreign producers. 保护主义是指蓄意使用或鼓励进口限制，以此使本国相对效率低的产品能成功地和外国产品竞争。
国际市场营销实务(双语)Task Six International Markets Entry M
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• Firms using this way can enter a foreign market quickly without having to build their own for eign plants.
• The downside is that the components imported to host countries may encounter some barrie rs.
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Skill Training 6.1
• Mansion Toys Co., Ltd. is a small toy manufacturer, specializing in the design and production of h andicrafts, all kinds of plush toys and short plush toys. Its products feature new product designs a nd are popular with consumers and the company enjoys a high reputation in home market. After s everal years of development, the enterprise had developed into a large-scale toy manufacturer.
• On the downside, franchising could create future competitors who know the secrets of the franch ise’s operations.
世纪商务英语外贸英语实务（第二版）部分课后练习答案
Unit 1II、True or false questions1、F2、T3、T4、T5、T6、T7、T8、F9、T 10、TIII、Fill in the blanks with the best choice.1--5 ACACA 6--10 DABCDIV、Match the correct explanation in the right column for the terms in terms left column.1--5 JHMCD 6--10 AEBNF11--15 IOKLGV、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案VI、Fill in the blanks with the words listed below.1、home2、market3、companies4、raw5、transportation6、production7、focused8、soldUnit 2II、True or false questions1、T2、T3、F4、F5、T6、T7、T8、F9、T 10、TIII、Fill in the blanks with the best choice.1--5 DABBA 6--10 ADAABV、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案VI、Fill in the blanks with the words listed below.1、suited2、undergoes3、unloading4、given5、destination6、pack7、minimize8、sacrificedUnit 3II、True or false questions1、T2、F3、T4、T5、T6、T7、F8、T9、T 10、FIII、Fill in the blanks with the best choice.1--5 DCBDB 6--10 DDCCBV、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案VI、Fill in the blanks with the words listed below.1、currency2、uncertainty3、contract4、fluctuate5、agreement6、problem7、suffers8、risesUnit 4II、True or false questions1、F2、T 5、T 9、FIII、Fill in the blanks with the best choice.1--5 ABBDA 6--10 CADCBV、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案VI、Fill in the blanks with the words listed below.1、purposes2、transactions3、defined4、shipment5、delivered6、insurance7、invoice8、submitUnit 5III、Fill in the blanks with the best choice.1--5 ADBAB 6--10 BDADAV、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案VI、Fill in the blanks with the words listed below.1、choosing2、allowing3、concluded4、decide5、political6、under7、avoid8、regulationsUnit 6II、True or false questions1、F2、T3、T4、T5、T6、T7、F8、F9、F 10、TIII、Fill in the blanks with the best choice.1--5 CDACB 6--10 CBBCBUnit 7II、True or false questions1、T2、F3、T4、F5、T6、T7、T8、F9、T 10、TIII、Fill in the blanks with the best choice.1--5 BDAAC 6--10 CBCABV、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案VI、Fill in the blanks with the words listed below.1、collection2、bank3、distrust4、draw5、presents6、delivery7、documents8、paymentUnit 8II、True or false questions1、F2、F3、F4、T5、T6、T7、F8、F9、T 10、TIII、Fill in the blanks with the best choice.1--5 CBACA 6--10 BADCCUnit 11II、True or false questions1、T2、T3、T 5、T6、F7、F8、F9、T 10、FIII、Fill in the blanks with the best choice.1--5 CDACA 6--10 CAAACV、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案Unit 12II、True or false questions1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6、T7、F8、T9、F 10、TIII、Fill in the blanks with the best choice.1--5 BADCC 6--10 BDCBAV、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案、翻译部分同学们自己在课文中找答案VI、Fill in the blanks with the words listed below.1、underwrite2、calculate3、strength4、determined5、left6、investments7、meet8、turn。
国贸实务第六讲PPT教学课件
（3）接受由国外买方指定的商标或牌名，同时在 商标或牌名之下注明由买方所在国家工厂制造，即 定牌定产地。
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It may also help the manufacturers in exporting countries to increase the competitiveness of their products, expand the exports and market profitably in the importing countries.
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These symbols and numbers should strictly conform to those correspondingly stated in the commercial invoice, consular invoice, bill of lading and other shipping documents to prevent the goods from going astray.
每个托盘可装0.5公吨到2公吨货物，最大 装载高度不得超过1.7米。
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③ Flexible container
Large bag knitted with synthetic fibre or compound fibre.
capacity: 1-4 tons
suitable for loading powdery or
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The purpose of using neutral packing by exporters is to break down the tariff and non-tariff barriers of some countries or regions, or meet the special demand of the transaction (such as entrepot ).
进出口实务6
6.1.2 The Utmost Good Faith Principle (Bona Fide Principle)
Both parties be faithful and honest in entering into the insurance contract
Marine Insurance Act 1906:
Parties involved in an insurance practice
the insurant / insured/assured
The party that procures insurance Can be the exporter or importer depending on the trade term adopted
CIC frame the coverage of London Institute Cargo Clauses understand the procedure for lodging claims describe methods of stipulating insurance clauses in Sales
“the insurant enters with an insurance company and/or an underwriter into a contract of insurance in which the insurant undertakes the payment of an insurance premium and the insurance company will, according to the terms indicated in the insurance contract, indemnify the insurant of any loss that occurs within the scope of coverage”.
国际贸易实务Unit 6
6.3 Ocean Bill of lading
6.4 Containerization
6.5 Transport Clause in a Sales Contract
6.1 Modes of Transport
Students’ Task Log on to to find out the sailing routes and shipping companies which can carry the goods from your city to Tokyo, Los Angeles, Hamburg and Johannesburg.
Ocean freight is good for large items, bulk commodities and items that do not require fast delivery. However, there are minimum weight requirements for ocean freight which may be three to four times greater than for air freight. See Section 6.2 for more details. Road freight is commonly used in cross-border deliveries, for example, in the delivery of export goods between mainland European countries and between North American countries. Generally, a transit distance up to 1,000 kilometers using road freight is competitive compared with rail and air freight. Rail freight is popular in multi-modal transport and transshipment. It is widely used in land bridges. Rail cars—rail wagons—are available to accommodate many kinds of cargo. In a COFC (container on flat car) service, for example using 50 flat cars each with a 60-ton capacity, the combined flat cars may carry loads weighing up to 3,000 metric tons, which is far more than a truck or an airplane can carry. Hence, rail freight is often used in the overland movement of ocean freight containers and bulk cargo, such as between the East and West Coast ports of the U.S. and/or Canada. Air freight is usually used for high value but low volume cargo because it is perceived as expensive when compared with land and ocean freight. However, air freight has its advantages. Most air cargoes are carried on passenger airliners. About 80% to 90% of air cargoes are transported by IATA (International Air Transport Association) members. IATA standardized the rules and regulations for air carriers throughout the world. When airlines or air cargo companies or their agents issue an air waybill (AWB), it is often a straight waybill. The buyer is named the consignee on the waybill and he/she can claim the consignment from the carrier by simply showing proof of identity.
世纪商务英语-外贸英语实务答案
Unit11.F International trade is only the exchange of goods between nations.2.T Countries trade with each other partly because of cost advantages.3.T Trade means countries can provide a wider variety of products for their consumers4.T International trade can greatly expand the market，which enables the suppliers to take advantage of economies of scale。
5.T Exchange rate fluctuations may create many problems for international trade。
Exchange rate fluctuations may create many problems for international trade6。
T Still in some cases，political reasons can outweigh economic considerations between countries。
7. T When we provide shipping insurance service for foreigners, it can be seen as an example of invisible trade。
8。
F Trade surplus means that a country's imports exceed its exports。
9. T Tariff and quotas are the examples of trade barriers。
国际贸易理论与实务——英语专业专用(英文版)
一、名词解释：5×4’=20分1. International trade is the exchange of goods and services across national borders or territories.2. General trade system is on the base of national boundary. The general trade system is in use when the statistical territory of a country coincides with its economic territory.3. The Leontief Paradox refers to the conflict between the conclusion of H-O theory and actual certification. It was introduced by Wassily Leontief who was the pioneer of input-output economics in his Input-output Economics published in 1966. Leontief researched the labor and capital content of the USA imports and exports in 1947 and 1951.4. GSP is a system currency in place where a large number of developed countries permit duty-free entry of a selected list of products if those products are imported from particular developing countries. This duty-free entry exists even though a positive tariff is levied if those products come in from developed countries, or other, richer developing countries.5. Import Quota refers to the restriction imposed on import goods in terms of quantity and total value in a certain period.6. “Voluntary” export restraints In a certain period (usually 3 to 5 years) the exporters take export quotas of some products voluntarily under the pressure or demand of importers.7. Bill of exchange is an unconditional order in writing signed by the person (drawer), and addressed to another person (drawee), requiring the drawee to pay a stated sum of money to other person (payee) on demand，or at a fixed or determinable future time.8. General Average is a legal principle of maritime law according to which allparties in a sea venture proportionally share any losses resulting from a voluntary sacrifice of part of the ship or cargo to save the whole in an emergency.9. Collection means that the exporter asks his bank to collect payment from the importer.二、问答题：9’×4=36分1. What are the basic contents of Mercantilism?1)BackgroundEconomic: currency became the only goalGeographical: geographical discoveryPolitical: the bourgeoisie are in alliance with feudal royal2)Mercantilist thoughtView of wealth: gold and silver were the only wealthResource of wealth: foreign tradePrecondition: trade surplusMeans to achievement: state intervention2.What are the basic thoughts of infant industry argument?The infant industry argument is an economic rationale for trade protectionism. The core of the argument is that nascent industries often do not have the economies of scale that their older competitors from other countries may have, and thus need to be protected until they can attain similar economies of scale.3. What are the differences between the commodity dumping and exchange dumping?Difference ： Ways to Reduce Export Price ExecutorScope of goods influenced Impact on import Commodity Dumping Artificially Lowthe Price ManufacturesIndividual Commodity No Impact Exchange DumpingCurrency devaluationStatesAll the exportsRestrain Import4. What are the forms of regional economic integration? Give three typical examples.P112-1141) Preferential trade arrangement 2) Free trade area 3) Customs Union 4) Common market 5) Economic unionExamples ：EU ，NAFTA ，APEC5. Give examples to illustrate the terms creation and trade diversion.Trade creation : positive● the high-cost home production will be took place by low- cost production of other members.● get consumption benefits & production benefitsExample ：Trade diversion : negative● the low-cost imports from non-members turn to high-cost imports from other members . ● The local consumers’ profits are reduced.● The benefit level of the whole world are reduce.20元Example：20元pare the commonalities and differences between FOB, CFR and CIF. The commonalities:They are all used in water transportation onlyThe seller delivers on board in port of shipmentThe risk is divided by ship’s railThey belong to symbolic deliveryThe difference: FOB + F + I = CFR + I = CIF7. Please draw up the flow diagram of L/C.8. What are the difference between bill of exchange, promissory note and check?Bills of exchange : An unconditional order in writing signed by the person (drawer), and addressed to another person (drawee), requiring the drawee to pay a stated sum of money to other person (payee) on demand ，or at a fixed or determinable future time.Promissory notes : An unconditional promise in writing made by one person to another signed by the maker, engaging to pay, on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time, a sum certain in money to, or to an order of, a specified person or to a bearer. Check : It is a sight draft and the bank as the drawee.三、计算题：1×8’=8分含佣金的价格换算（见课件）计算步骤：CFR 价——CIF 价——含佣价CIF 价 = CFR 价÷【1－保险费率×（1 + 保险加成率）】 含佣价 = 净价（即由CFR 价转换得到的CIF 价） ÷（1 － 佣金率）四、 案例分析（3×7’=21分） 1. More or less clause （溢短装条款）① China Rice ，100000 metric tons with 2％ more or less at Sellers’option ② China Rice ，about 100000 metric tonsAccording to UCP 600, the quantity of delivery can’t extend 10% more or less at Sellers’option. ③ China Rice ，100000 metric tons⑩Documents①Application⑨Payment受益人 （出口商）开证申请人11.take delivery开证行 /付款行Accord ing to UCP 600, the quantity of delivery can’t extend 5% more or less at Sellers’option. But it can’t apply to the quantity calculated by number.④ The payment of the excess or deficiencyShould be paid at contract value or market price of loading or unloading.是指允许交货时可多交或少交一定比例的数量，只要卖方交货数量在约定的增减幅度范围内，就算是按合同规定数量交货，买方就不得以交货数量不符为由而拒收货物或提出索赔。
进出口贸易实务教程(第六版)考试试题及答案整理.doc
进出口贸易实务教程(第六版)考试试题及答案整理国际贸易实务考试内容整理第一章：商品的名称和质量2：合同中规定商品质量的方法有哪几种？答：主要有两大类：（1）商品质量用实务样品表示；（2）商品质量用文字说明表示。
一）用实物样品表示商品质量的方法包括看货买卖和凭样成交，在凭样品成交中，可以采用以卖方样品为准，或以买方样品为准，也可以凭对等样品即确认样品买卖。
二）用文字说明表示商品的质量 1. 凭规格买卖 2. 凭等级买卖 3. 凭标准买卖：a.良好平均品质 b.上好可销品质 4. 凭牌名或商标买卖 5. 凭产地名称或平地理标志买卖 6. 凭说明书和图样买卖 3、什么是“代表性样品”“原样”“复样”“封样”“对等样品”和“参考样品”？、、、、（1）代表性样品：也是“原样”，指买房所提供的能充分代表日后整批交货品质的少量实物（2）复样：在向买房送交代表性样品时，留存一份或数份同样的样品。
（3）封样：由第三方或由公证机关（如商品检验机构）在一批货物中抽取同样质量的样品若干份，每份样品采用铅丸、钢卡、封条、封识章、不干胶印纸以及火漆等各种方式加封识别，由第三方或公证机关留存一份备案，其余供当事人使用。
（4）对等样品：卖方对买房来样供货没有切实把握而根据买方来样仿制或从现有货物中选择品质相近的样品提交买方的样品。
（5）参考样品：卖方提供给买方其交货时的货品质量的参照物，但实际交货的货品不一定要与参考样品完全一致。
第二章：商品的数量3：何谓“以毛作净”？答：以毛重作为计算价格和交付货物的计量基础，这种计重方法就叫做“以毛计重”。
Ps：毛重是指商品本身的重量加皮重，既商品连同包装的质量，有些单位价值不高的商品（如用麻袋装的大米）可以采用这种方法。
5：（1）为什么要在国际货物买卖合同中规定数量机动幅度条款？答：为了便于合同的顺利履行，减少争议，允许卖方交货数量可以在一定范围内灵活掌握。
（有些商品在交货时，不易精确计算）（2）数量机动的幅度是如何规定的？答：1：合同中明确规定（买卖双方约定） 2：约量法（用“约”数条款时，双方现在合同中明确允许增加或减少的百分比。
外贸函电实务Unit 6
Notes to Letter 1
1. place an rder 下订单 • Would you like to go ahead and place an order? 您是不是现在就订购呢？ • I'd like to place an order for some tea with you. 我想从贵公司订购一些茶叶。 • Place an order by pushing a button on your remote control. 按一下遥控器上的电钮就可以定货。
The Practice of Business Correspondences
§Task 1 Placing an Order
•业务背景：荷兰艾利斯进出口公司的威廉· 赫特想购
买500双女式皮鞋,通过客户介绍与温州时达鞋业有限 公司的章薇取得联系,通过邮件往来,谈妥了价格,现正 式下订单。请以威廉· 赫特的名义给章薇写一封订货函。
§Writing Guide
Contents of an order letter
(1) Expressing the source of your order (from the catalogues, price list, samples)and intention; (2) Giving a full description of the commodity, including model number, specifications, size, color, etc; (3) Indicating clearly the terms of transaction, including quantity， price term, terms of payment, packing ,shipment , date of delivery, port of shipment and destination etc; (4) Asking for the confirmation of your order from the seller; (5) Expressing your desire for future business.
进出口实务6
l Means of effecting indemnity
¡ In theory: by replacing the ships or goods lost or damaged ¡ In practice: by paying an amount of money equal to the
value of the goods lost or damaged
PPT文档演模板
进出口实务6
6.1.4 The Proximate Cause Principle
l How to decide the proximate cause
l If the former cause is within the scope of insurance coverage and the latter one is out of the scope of insurance coverage, provided there is a direct chain of causation between them, the former cause is regarded as the proximate cause and the insurer shall be held responsible for the loss or damage.
国际贸易实务英文版【精选文档】
国际贸易实务复习资料1.product name2.product quality3.sample4.counter sample5.product specifications6.Grade of Goods7.standard samples8.quality changes in price terms9.Fair average quality10.Good merchantable quality11.Terms of quality tolerances12.Gross weight weight14.Gross for net15.Conditioned weight16.Overload or terms17.Transport packaging18.Specify the mark19.Sales packaging20.OEM21.Neutral packing22.Standard shipping marks23.Trade terms24.International trade practice25.INCOTERMS200026.Shipment contract27.Reach contract28.FOB29.CIF30.Symbolic delivery31.CFR32.Liner shipping33.Charter transportation34.Process Charter35.Time Charter36.Demurrage37.Despatch38.Ocean Bill of lading39.Clean on Board Bill of lading40.Order Bill of lading41.Multimodal transport Bill of lading42.Sea waybill43.OCP terms44.International multimodal transport45.Blank blank endorsed bills of lading46.Endorsement47.Signing the Bill of lading48.Stale Bill of lading49.Cargo receipt50.Advanced Bill of lading51.Stowage factor52.Principle of Utmost good faith53.The principle of compensation54.Principles of subrogation claims55.Insurable interest56.Proximate cause57.Marine risks58.Accident59.External risk60.Actual total loss61.Constructive total loss62.The abandonment63.General average64.Particular averagebor expenses66.Salvage charges67.Basic risks68.Additional risks69.From warehouse to warehouse clauses70.Additional risks71.Special additional risks72.Special risks73.Institute cargo clauses ICCbined insurance certificate75.Floating policy76.Total cost of export77.Export foreign exchange net revenue78.Export rate of profit and loss79.Export cost80.Export rate multiplier81.Pricing currency82.Currency of payment83.Hedge clausemission85.Discount86.Bill87.Billmercial bills89.Bank draft90.Light tickets91.Documentary draft92.Sight drafts93.Time draftmercial acceptance Bill95.Bank acceptance96.Tickets97.Tips98.D/a99.Endorsement100.Blank endorsement101.Endorsement102.Restrictive endorsements 103.Protest104.Right of recourse105.Promissory note106.Check107.Direct remittance108.Adverse Exchange109.Remittance110.Wire transfer111.M/t112.Demand draft113.Collection114.Financial documentsmercial documents 116.Light collection117.Documentary collection 118.Payment by119.D/a120.Trust receipt121.The letter of credit122.Letter l123.Open the letter of credit 124.Negotiation125.Documentary letter of credit 126.Clean credit127.Irrevocable letter of credit 128.Confirming letters of credit 129.Sight letter of creditanceance letter of credit132.Transferable letter of credit 133.Back-to—back letter of credit 134.Revolving letter of credit 135.Reciprocal credit136.Red clause letter of credit 137.Standby letter of credit138.International factoring139.Inspection of goods140.Just appraisal141.Statutory inspection142.Controversy143.Claims and adjustments 144.Force majeure145.Fundamental breach of contract 146.Friendly consultations147.Mediation148.Arbitration149.Arbitration agreement150.Business negotiation151.Inquiry152.Offer153.The withdrawal of an offer154.Revocation of offer155.Counter offer156.Accept157.General terms and conditions158.Negotiation159.Consignment note160.Bill of loading161.Mate’s receipt162.Receipt163.Customs Invoice164.Proforma invoice165.Customs Declaration166.Inspection167.Receipt of settlement168.Documentary169.Periodic settlement170.Export foreign exchange verification form171.Application for driving licence172.Electric173.Underwriting174.The underwriting agreement175.Agent176.Agency agreement177.Consignment178.Consignment agreement179.Tender180.Tender181.Auction182.Price auction183.Price auction184.Sealed bid auction185.Leasing trade186.Finance lease187.Operating lease188.Sublet rentals189.Lease back leasingpensation trade191.Processing and assembling192.Futures trading193.Hedging1.商品的品名即商品名称在一定程度上体现了商品的自然属性及主要的性能特征区别于其他商品的称呼或概念2.商品品质是商品外观形态和内在素质的综合3.样品通常指从一批商品中抽取出来或由生产使用部门加工设计出来足以反应和代表整批商品品质的少量实物4.对等样品是指卖方根据买方提供的样品加工复制类似的样品提供给买方确认经确认后的样品也就是对等样品5.商品的规格是用来反应商品品质的一些主要指标如成分含量纯度大小长短粗细等6.商品的等级是把同一种商品按其品质或规格上的差异划分为不同的级别和档次用数字或文字表示从而产生品质优劣的若干等级7.标准样品统一化了的规格和等级8.品质增减价条款指在品质条款中，根据商品在品质机动幅度内的品质差异来调整合同价格的规定。
国际贸易理论与实务(英文版)(第四版) Ch.6 Nontariffs
Location: Paris Membership: 33
Total expenditure: 19.96% of GDP for OECD countries. In the U.S. Buy American Act, the federal government is required to buy domestic products unless such purchases are not in the public interest or the costs are unreasonable.
Inequities and corruption may occur in the allocation of quotas.
(3) Quantitative safeguard measures （数量保障措施）
“emergency" actions with respect to increased imports of particular products, where such imports have caused or threaten to cause serious injury to the importing member's domestic industry. Suspension （暂停）of concessions or obligations: quantitative import restrictions or of duty increases to higher than bound rates.
1. Quantity control measures
(1) Non-automatic license (许可证)
Not granted automatically. Issued on a discretionary basis (酌情决定) or require specific criteria to be met before it is granted. (2) Quota
外贸英语实务
外贸英语（一）第一节询盘Inquiry（一）Heavy enquiries witness the quality of our products. 大量询盘证明我们产品质量过硬。
As soon as the price picks up, enquiries will revive. 一旦价格回升，询盘将恢复活跃。
Enquiries for carpets are getting more numerous. 对地毯的询盘日益增加。
Enquiries are so large that we can only than allot you 200 cases. 询盘如此之多，我们只能分给你们200箱货。
Enquiries are dwindling. 询盘正在减少。
Enquiries are dried up. 询盘正在绝迹。
They promised to transfer their future enquiries to Chinese Corporations. 他们答应将以后的询盘转给中国公司Generally speaking, inquiries are made by the buyers. 询盘一般由买方发出。
Mr. Baker is sent to Beijing to make an inquiry at China National Textiles Corporation. 贝克先生来北京向中国纺织公司进行询价。
We regret that the goods you inquire about are not available. 很遗憾，你们所询的货物现在无货。
In the import and export business, we often make inquiries at foreign suppliers. 在进出口交易中，我们常向外商询价。
To make an inquiry about our oranges, a representative of the Japanese company paid us a visit. 为了对我们的橙子询价，那家日本公司的一名代表访问了我们。
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coverage for ocean marine cargo insurance. According to the nature of the goods insured,
the cargo owner may choose one of the basic covers. If more protections are needed, he may further insure his goods against one or several additional risks. No additional risk can
大连理工大学出版社
外贸英语实务 （第二版）
Unit 6
International Cargo Transport Insurance
Contents
Part I Case Lead-in
Part II Reading
Part III Sample Conversations
大连理工大学出版社
The contract was concluded on a CIF basis and the goods were insured All Risks and War Risk as per provisions of the PICC. After arrival of the goods at the port of destination, the buyer opened the container and was astonished to find most of the packages were not
be purchased to insure goods independently.
大连理工大学出版社
(1) Basic coverage
FPA (Free from Particular Average) FPA covers: (1) Total or constructive total loss of the whole consignment insured caused in the course of transit by natural calamities like heavy weather, lightning, tsunami, earthquake and flood. (2) Total or partial loss caused by unexpected accidents such as stranding, striking
大连理工大学出版社
(3) Expenses Expenses covered by ocean cargo insurance fall into two kinds. One is sue and labor expenses arising from measures properly taken by the insured and his agent for minimizing or avoiding losses caused by the risks covered in the insurance policy. The other one is salvage charge paid to a third party who comes to salvage the ship and the consignment. Marine insurance coverage Under China Insurance Clause (CIC), there are basic coverage and additional
大连理工大学出版社
Marine Cargo Insurance
Risks, losses and expenses (1) Risks Two types of risks covered by ocean marine insurance are perils of the sea and extraneous risks. Perils of the sea include both natural calamities and unexpected accidents. Natural calamities refer to the perils under force majeure such as vile weather, lightening, tsunami and volcanic eruption. Unexpected accidents are such risks as fire, explosion, vessel being stranded, grounded or sunk and collision. Extraneous risks include both general risks and special risks. General risks include thefts and pilferage, contamination, leakage, sweating and heating, taint, fresh/rain water damage and so on. Special risks include war, strikes, failure to deliver due to some special laws and regulations and so on.
大连理工大学出版社
Insurance is a key issue in international trade . The transportation of goods from the exporter to the importer is generally over a long distance and it has to go through the procedure s of trans it, loading and unloading, storage , etc. It is customary to insure the goods against risks of collision, leakage , pilferage , fire and storm , etc. In the s ale s contract, insurance clause including insurer, insured, insured amount and other aspects should be expressly stipulated.大连理工大源自出版社(2) Losses
Marine losses are the damages to or losses of the insured goods incurred by the above risks. The losses can fall into total loss and partial loss. Total loss of goods can further be divided into actual total loss and constructive total loss. Partial loss can be either general average or particular average. Actual total loss means the whole lot of the consignment has been lost, damaged or found valueless. Constructive total loss occurs when the cost of salvaging the consignment would exceed the value of the consignment in sound condition. The consignment insured is reasonably abandoned because any further efforts at salvage would be fruitless. General average is in use when both the ship and the goods on board are endangered and the captain, for the safety of the ship and the goods on board, intentionally and reasonably does some sacrifices or makes some expenses. Particular average means that a particular consignment is partially damaged. It occurs, for example, when a storm or fire damages part of the shipper’s cargoes and no one else’s cargoes have to be sacrificed to save the voyage.
大连理工大学出版社
International Cargo Transport Insurance
In international trade, goods traveling a long distance to another country, out of the direct physical control of both the exporter and the importer, may face all kinds of risks. Cargo transport insurance is to protect the interests of traders from possible financial losses caused by such risks during transportation. It is a contract whereby the insurer, on the basis of premium paid, undertakes to indemnify the insured against losses.