商务英语信函的文体特征分析_袁继红

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商务英语信函文体特征语言特点

ContentsChinese Abstract (2)English Abstract (3)1. Introduction (4)1.1 Research Background (4)1.2 Research Significance (4)1.3 Paper Structure (4)2. Literature Review (5)2.1 Research on Business English Correspondence at Abroad (5)2.2 Research on Business English Correspondence at Home (5)3. The Overview of Business English Letters (6)3.1 Definition of Business English Correspondence (6)3.2 Classification of Business English Correspondence (7)3.3 Basic Writing Principle --“7C Principles” (7)4. Analysis and Discussion (8)4.1 Lexical Features of Business English Correspondence (8)4.2 Syntactic Features of Business English Correspondence (12)4.3 Textual Features of Business English Correspondence (15)5. Conclusion (18)References (20)商务英语信函写作的文体特征及实际运用摘要随着全球化的加速和商务英语的日益普及，商务英语已成为国际贸易活动中日常的通用语言。

作为一种特殊的商务文体和变体，商务英语信函具有独特的文体特征。

英语商务信函的文体特征探析

英语商务信函的文体特征探析随着全球化的深入发展，英语商务信函在国际交流中扮演着重要角色。

作为一种专门用途英语，英语商务信函的文体特征值得深入探讨。

本文将从词汇、句法和语篇三个层面分析英语商务信函的文体特征。

使用专业术语：英语商务信函中大量使用专业术语，这些术语具有特定的商务含义和语境。

例如，发票（invoice）、合同（contract）、保险（insurance）等，这些术语在普通英语中不常见，但在商务信函中却是必备的。

缩略语的使用：为了节省时间和空间，商务信函中常常使用缩略语。

例如，L/C（letter of credit，信用证）、PO（purchase order，订单）、FYI（for your information，供你参考）等。

礼貌用语：英语商务信函注重礼貌，通常使用敬语和谦语。

例如，使用“Dear Sir/Madam，”或“To Whom It May Concern，”作为信函开头，用“We are writing to you”或“We thank you for…”作为信函主体部分。

句子结构简洁明了：英语商务信函的句子结构通常简洁明了，以传达明确的信息。

常用简单句和并列句，较少使用复合句和复杂句。

表达直接明了：英语商务信函强调信息的直接明了，通常使用肯定、明确、直接的措辞。

避免使用含糊不清或模棱两可的措辞。

格式规范：英语商务信函有固定的格式，包括信头、日期、收件人、主题、正文、结尾等部分。

这些部分都有固定的表达方式和格式，体现了规范性和专业性。

结构完整：英语商务信函的结构通常包括引言、主体和结尾三个部分。

引言部分包括信头、日期、收件人和主题；主体部分包括信函主体内容；结尾部分包括结尾敬语和签名。

逻辑严密：英语商务信函的内容通常逻辑严密，围绕主题展开。

每个段落都有特定的目的和主题，与整封信函的主题相呼应。

礼貌得体：英语商务信函注重礼貌和得体，通常使用谦逊、恭敬的语言表达方式。

英语商务信函的文体特征

表１
常用
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少用
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１英语商务信函的文体特征
徐有志（９２按照话语基调将语言分１９）
学术论坛
英语商务信函的文体特征
杨红英
（西财经学院外语系广西南宁５００）广３０３
摘要：着我国经济建设的快速发展，来越多的商家投入到国际商务活动中。随越因此，英语商务信函的应用也越来越广泛。本文从文体学的角度具体分析了英语商务信函庄具备的文体特征，帮助商家成功进行商贸业务往来。以关键词：商务信函文体特征中图分类号：７Ｇ１文献标识码：Ａ文章编号：６２３９（０９１（）０３ — ２１７－７１２０）０ｂ一２６０
－・
一
・
ｆｅｉｅｓｉｅｃｏａｅｅｙｏｒ。还会情境特征相互关联。Ｈａｌａ（９８，ｃｒｌｙｕｓ如果跟对方较熟悉，可以使ｏｒｓｄｎｔｎａｈｒｄ． ” ｌｄｙ１７）ｉ用Ｃｒｉｌｏｄａｌｙ； “ 们 ” 指供货商还是用户，句话我是这Ｇｅｏｙ＆Ｃｒｌ１７）也从情景语境ｒｇｒａｏｌ（９８很角度提出情景语境变相制约了对语义系统署名（ｉｎｔｒ）署名应由写信人亲手的语义非常含糊，容易成为一个法律问Ｓｇａｕｅ：的选择，是生成语篇，于出现各种各样的语签，在署名下用电脑打出署名人的姓名题。并如果此时换成Ｉｗｍｅｙｕｅｐｎｔｂｏｒｒｓｏ－

商务英语信函的语篇特点分析1

[摘要] 本⽂从情景语境特征、语⾔特征、衔接⼿段特征和语篇结构特征四个⽅⾯通过具体的实例来说明了商务英语信函的语篇特点，为商务英语信函的写作交流提供了启⽰。

[关键词] 商务英语信函语篇特点情景语境衔接⼿段商务英语信函是⼀种常⽤的英语应⽤⽂体，它在贸易往来中发挥着重要作⽤。

然⽽，在实际的商务交流中，有些信件冗长⽽不连贯，有些信件不符合商务交流的基本要求。

与普通信件相⽐，商务信函有其独特的语篇特点。

为了有效地利⽤商务英语信函进⾏商务交流，我们有必要对商务英语信函的语篇特点进⾏探讨和分析。

⼀、情景语境特征商务英语信函多⽤于国际贸易交往中，是英语⽂化中的⼀种特殊的语篇。

根据情景语境的三个变项, 商务英语信函的情景语境可以描述为：话语范围：涉及外贸交易的各个环节，如下订单、跟进业务、付运、存货、付款等等。

话语基调：正式的，商务信函具有合同性质，是双⽅经过多次交往⽽达成的交易。

话语⽅式：⽤于阅读的书⾯语，具有较强的语境独⽴性，属于信函。

商务英语信函情景语境的这三个变项制约着语⾔的选择，使得语篇表现出特定的语域特征。

⼆、语⾔特征 1.词汇特征 (1)措辞明了、礼貌商务信函在其词汇选择上，遵循“明了(clarity)”与“礼貌(courtesy)”的原则。

要准确传达商务交流的内容，应该尽量选择简短或词义相对单⼀⽽稳定的词，例如⽤“use”取代“utilization”，⽤“try”取代“endeavor”等。

在词义⾊彩⽅⾯，商务英语信函⽤词正式，礼貌⽤语颇多。

收到对⽅的询盘、报盘、或订货等，不管能否接受，都要以礼貌的语⾔来表⽰诚挚的谢意，例如使⽤以下词汇：appreciate, please, thanks 等。

(2)缩略语使⽤较多商务英语信函中多使⽤⼀些约定俗成的缩略语，这些缩略语定义准确，在商务信函中的使⽤相当的⼴泛,涉及到贸易价格术语、运输、⽀付与结算等。

例如常⽤的缩略语有:FOB(Free on Board)“装运港船上交货”，CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)“到岸价”，L/C(Letter of Credit)“信⽤证”，D/P(Documents against Payment)“付款交单”等。

商务英语信函的文体特征探析

商务英语信函的文体特征探析近年来, 随着我国改革开放的不断深入, 特别是我国加入WTO以后, 国际商务活动日益频繁, 商务英语越来越受到人们的重视。

商务信函在国际商务活动中的作用尤为重要。

商务信函是贸易活动中买卖双方互通信息的重要手段和行为依据, 它能够保证商务活动顺利进行, 并能在激烈的国际竞争中发现和捕捉无限商机。

本文从功能语篇分析的角度, 采用定量分析的方法分析了商务英语信函的文体特征。

语篇是一个语言使用中的语义单位。

它可长可短, 可大可小, 或以口头形式出现, 或以书面形式出现。

由于语篇同时又是一种交际活动, 所以应该与交际环境相一致,具有博格兰德和德赖斯勒所说的七个特征: 衔接性、连贯性、意图性、可接受性、信息性、情景性和互文性。

(P3) 语篇一般由小句来体现其意义, 它与小句、词组、词等语法单位之间的关系是体现关系, 即: 语篇由小句来体现, 或小句体现语篇的意义。

语篇与小句之间不存在大小高低的关系, 因为语篇与句子等语法单位不属于同一个类型。

语篇分析于1952年由哈里斯首次提出, 之后“慢慢形成了一门专门研究交际中语言运用情况的涉及多学科的学问”。

尽管“语篇分析还属于一个尚未定性的学科”, 但在过去的半个世纪中, 不少学者从不同角度发展了这一学科。

其中韩礼德等人创立的系统功能语法就为语篇分析提供了一个操作性强、应用性强的理论框架, 黄国文把用系统功能语法所做的语篇分析称为“功能语篇分析”。

(P61)这种分析方法完全可以与谢芙林所说的六种语篇分析方法: 言语行为理论、互动社会语言学、交际文化学、语用学、会话分析和变异分析相媲美。

(P105)功能语篇分析的最终目标是对语篇进行评估, 评估的侧重点是看语篇在交际情景中是否合适地起到了它应起的作用。

功能语篇分析是一种解释性活动, 它的目的是解释为什么某一语篇表达某一(些) 意义。

韩礼德和哈桑明确指出, 对一个语篇进行语言分析的目的不是说明, 而是解释。

浅析商务英语信函的文体特点

浅析商务英语信函的文体特点[摘要] 写好商务英语信函在商务活动(特别是国际贸易)中是极其重要的。

商务英语信函具有其自身独特的文体特点。

本文主要从词汇、句式、行文结构三大层次上阐述商务英语信函有别于普通信函的文体特点。

以期为高职商务英语信函写作教学提供参考。

[关键词] 商务英语信函词汇文体特点1.引言随着我国经济建设的蓬勃发展,各地区各部门对外经济贸易业务往来和国际商务活动日益频繁,这将需要大量的懂外经贸业务和国际商务专业人才,而该专门人才必须掌握很重要的一门课程是商务英语信函写作。

笔者认为在国际贸易过程中撰写商务英语信函,首先要正确地掌握商务英语信函的文体特点。

商务英语信函不同于一般英文信函。

它有自己丰富的内容,有自身的特点和规律。

从文体上讲,商务英语信函属于公文类信函。

因此,语气就不能太随便,组词造句必须加以选择。

另外,国际贸易与其他专业一样,有自己的专门知识和术语。

那么,什么是经商务英语呢?一般地讲,在英文商务信函中使用的语言通常称之为“商务英语”,即由商业活动(Business Terms),以及习惯用语(Business Experession)所组成的。

“商务英语”和“一般英语”在基本句型和基本词汇的使用上无什么区别。

然而,“商务英语”作为一种在特定场合使用的语言,又表现出一些有别于“一般英语”的个性。

在商务英语信函中,“商务英语”的个性主要表现在词汇、句式、行文结构三大层次上,从而形成了商务英语信函有别于普通信函的文体特点。

2.商务英语的词汇常具有独特的涵义和用法2.1.词汇的特殊含义在国际贸易业务信函中,除一些专业术语(如,FOB、L\C、B\L、D\P等)以外,有不少词在不同的场合有不同的用法,表达不同的特殊含义。

以“reference”一词为例。

(1)We’re sending you herewith a set of our sales literature for your reference.随函寄上我方商品宣传资料一套供你参考。

浅议商务英语信函的语篇特点

浅议商务英语信函的语篇特点
商务信函是在特定的商务活动领域中使用的实用形式，写和读这类信函的人都是从事商务工作的人。

下面，我们一起来了解商务英语信函的语篇特点吧。

1、内容的清晰度
发送商务信函的目的是为了建立业务关系，讨论某一细节，争取达成共识，从而促进商务活动的发展。

为了实现这些目标，有必要确保读者能够清楚地理解作者的意图，模棱两可会使读者对对方的语言表达能力产生不信任，甚至怀疑，这对进一步的商务活动非常不利。

2、表达的简洁性
用最简洁的语言表达意思，简洁的商务信函能提升工作的效率。

一个词可以表达就不需要短语，可以用一个短语说的话就不需要用一个句子说。

3、词语的专业性
商务信函是在特定的商务活动领域中使用的实用形式，写和读这类信函的人都是从事商务工作的人。

在工作中，通常存在为方便业内人士沟通的语言，包括专门定义一个词汇的概念，常用词汇在特定领域的意义，由词组的字母缩写等，我们称之为专业术语。

商务英语信函翻译好，要求译者具备足够的商务知识，包括经济、金融、国际贸易等领域。

4、风格的正式性
在开始翻译之前，译者必须通读文本，了解背景、语气、作者的态度和写作风格，从而合理自然地组织语言，表达目标信息。

在商务活动的背景下，商务信函的内容自然采用较为正式的表达风格。

这种形式体现在专业用语和适度的情感色彩上。

在许多情况下，商务信函倾向于用名词来表达某种行为的执行、某种状态的延续，或用名词代替形容词，表达某种感情和态度。

5、措辞的礼貌性
在商务信函中，礼貌是应遵守的原则。

如果写给公司的高层，信函开头要把他的职位或级别写在名字的后面，正文的开头称呼比较讲究。

商务信函的文体特点

3) 浓于朴素、淡于修饰

商务信函的主要功能是传递信息，使收、发双方发生贸易往来、达成协议。因此，除了使用专业术语准确表达信息外，还要求信函语言明白易懂、朴实平易、直达意图。

Dear Sirs, Thank you for your interest in our fireworks. In reply to your enquiry of november10, we are really sorry to say that we cannot divulge ant of our sales information. We hope this will not bring you too much inconvenience. Yours truly.

2.对商务术语的翻译要采用对应的汉语术语，把握套语翻译的规范性和准确性。对一般性的叙述，应采用简明易懂的汉语，做到简洁、流畅、易懂。

3. 应保留原文文体的正式性和委婉礼貌性，应仔细分析原文情态、礼貌程度、语气、态度。

4.可在译文中使用文言文词语和套语，常用的汉语信函词语有：收悉、承蒙、乞谅、见告、为盼、赐复

商务英语信函翻译的原则
彻底准确地理解这些独特词汇的专业含义和固定译法。尽量保留原文中的术语、套语和商务交际的习惯表达式。尽量保留原文中的正式用语，努力使译文在语言准确、风格规范、功能等方面与原文对等。

总结

1.商务英语信函的功能以传递信息为主，较少使用修辞手段，一般不存在语言和文化的差异。因此，多数情况下可按原句结构直译。功能对等-----指导原则准确规范-----操作原则

英语商务信函的语言特征及其文体特点剖析

英语商务信函的语言特征及其文体特点剖析第一篇：英语商务信函的语言特征及其文体特点剖析[摘要] 英语商务信函作为一种体裁, 属于边缘文体, 同时具有书面语和口语的文体特征。

本文旨在从语言的角度, 商务英语论文题目在例证的支持下, 就该体裁的文体特征和语言特征进行讨论。

[关键词] 商务信函;文体特征;语言特征一、商务信函的概念和特点商务信函(以下简称商函)是企业用于联系业务、商洽交易事项的信函, 适用于不相隶属机关之间商洽工作,询问和答复问题, 请求批准和答复审批事项。

从商函往来企业之间没有隶属关系, 其性质是相互商洽相互询问和答复这两个方面看, 商函和函有一致性。

但商函和函的使用主题不同。

商函的使用主体是企业或企业的代表人;函的使用主体是国家机关、社会团体、企事业单位。

从制作上讲, 函要执行国家技术监督局发布的《国家行政机关公文格式》(GB/T9704-1999)和《发文稿纸格式》(GB8026-1989)的规定;商函没有严格的规定, 按照惯例来制作。

从文书内容上讲, 函比较宽泛, 商函则仅限于交易磋商。

商函与私人信函的区别非常明显。

私人信函是个人使用, 内容是私人事务。

商函和公关文书中的感谢信、慰问信等专用书信也不同。

企业也使用这些书信, 但所针对的事项和所要达到的目的都和商函不一样。

商函和国家机关、企事业单位、社会团体使用的便函也不同。

企业也使用便函。

便函也和商函一样没有固定的体式, 但便函的内容和函一样比较宽泛。

商函有这样几个较为明显的特点:1、内容单一。

商函以商品交易为目的, 以交易磋商为内容。

这不适用与商品交易无关的事情。

同时, 商函内容单一还体现了在一文一事上, 即一份商函只涉及某一项交易, 而不同时涉及几项交易。

2、结构简单。

商函因内容单一, 段落较少, 篇幅也较短, 整体结构比较简单, 所以看上去一目了然。

这种简单明了的结构, 体现了商函完全服务于交易的实用功能, 便于对方阅读和把握。

商务英语信函的语篇特征及研究

商务英语信函的语篇特征及研究第一篇：商务英语信函的语篇特征及研究摘要：商务英语信函作为一种独立的语篇，有其特有的语篇特征。

本文着重从词汇、短语、句法、篇章等方面对商务英语信函的语篇特征进行分析说明，从而达到逻辑合理、意义连贯的写作目的，旨在探讨语篇语言学理论在商务英语信函写作教学中的可行性和有效性。

关键词：语篇；商务英语；信函写作作为专门用途英语的实际应用，商务英语信函具有特定的交际目的和特定的交往对象，在语篇结构、文体风格等方面具有特定的语篇特征。

本文运用语篇分析理论，结合实例，从词汇、短语、句法、篇章等方面分析商务英语信函的语篇特征，为商务英语信函写作提供新的视角，从而更好地发挥其交际功能。

一、语篇概念及主要标准语篇语言学（text linguistics）,有的学者称之为语篇分析（text analysis），是德国语言学家Weinrich于1967年首先提出的。

他认为，任何语言学研究都应该以语篇为描写框架，离开了语篇语言学就无所谓语言学了。

在《语篇的衔接与连贯》一书中，胡壮麟把语篇定义为任何不完全受句子语法约束的在一定语境下表示完整语义的自然单位，其目的是为了通过语言这个媒介实现具体的交际任务或完成一定行为。

显然，语篇具有语言结构和语义结构。

语篇分析就是科学地、系统地分析语言材料在文中的相对位置是如何产生意义，并识别这些篇章组织模式及规定这些组织模式标记的语言手段。

语篇语言学者Beaugrande & Dressler认为，语篇作为一种“交际活动（”communicative occurrence），必须具有七项标准：衔接性（cohesion）、连贯性（coherence）、意向性（intentionality）、可接受性（acceptability）、语境性（situationality）、信息性（informatively）和互文性（intersexuality）。

其中衔接，也称为“粘连”，是语篇的有形网络；而连贯则是语篇的无形网络。

论商务英语信函的文体特点

第ｌ８卷第４期２１年８月０１
琼州学院学报
ＪｕｎｌｆｉｎｚｏｎｖｒｉｏｒａｏｇｈｕＵｉｅｓｙｏＱｔ
Ｖ０．１．Ｎｏ１８．４
Ａｕｇｓ．０１ｕｔ２１
论商务英语信函的文体特点
陈平
பைடு நூலகம்（四川文理学院外语系，四川达州６５０）３００
Ａｖｒｇｉｆｔｏｋｄ；Ｇｅｅａｖｒｇｄｐｒｔｕｅａｅｓｏｗｉｓｎｎｒｌａｅａｅａａｉｒｎｌｕ
ａｅａｅ・ｖｒｇ
ｈｒｗｔ，ｔｅｅｆｒｈｒｉ，ｔｒｒｍ等；ｄ商务英语信ｅｉｈｈｒａｅ，ｔｅｈｅｏｅｔｅｎｅｆ．函常利用构词手段和词类转换手段来实现其正式规范性。例１
，
词汇使用特点
（一）用词规范正式。商务英语信函中正式词汇、基本词汇和非正式词汇并存，使用正式词汇和中性词汇的情况多于非正式口词汇，充分体现了商务公函的规范正式、语
公事公办的的特性。
基础，以在商贸英语函电中也会使用到较多的一般词汇，所但这些一般词汇在商务英语中的常用词义和普通英语中的常用词义有较大区别，而且同一个词语出现在不同的专业
词汇和口语词汇，如以ｉｆｍ或ａｖｃｎｏｒｄｉｅ代替ｔｌ以ｅ，ｌ
此句中的ｃｖｒ日常英语中的意思是 “ ｏｅ在覆盖 ”而在该
ｄｐｃｔ代替ｃｐ，以ｄｓａｈ代替ｓｎ，ｏｅｗｓ替ｕｌａｅｉｏｙｉｐｔｃｅｄ以ｔｒｉｈｅ代

商务英语信函的文体特征分析

（三）多使用日常词汇
商务英语信函中避免使用陈腐、艰深的词汇，商务信函的宗旨在于以最简洁明了的语言传达最有效的信息
（诸葛霖，２００７）。
ｅ．昏艰深晦涩：Ｙｏｕｍａｙｐｅｒｕｓｅｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｒａｃｔａｎｄｉｆｎｄ
（一）缩略语（Ａｂｂｒｅｖｉａｔｉｏｎ）的频繁使用缩略语和相关商业术语的大量使用是商务英语的一
对应的简洁表达：
ＣｏｎｓｉｄｅｒＮｏｗ
ＳｏｏｎＢｅｃａｕｓｅ
个突出特色，营造了一种专业的商务语境，言简意赅，便
于大家更加简洁方便的沟通。如：ＷＴＯ（ＷｏＡｄＴｒａｄｅＯｒｇａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎ）世界贸易组织Ｌ／Ｃ（ＬｅｔｔｅｒｏｆＣｒｅｄｉｔ）信用证Ｆ．Ｂ（ｆｒｅｉｇｈｔｂｉｌ１）运费账单
（ＲｅｆｅｒｅｎｃｅＮｕｍｂｅｒ）、抄送（ＣａｒｂｏｎＣｏｐｙ，简写为ｃｃ）、
通俗易懂：Ｙｏｕｍａｙｒｅａｄｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｒａｃｔａｎｄｉｆｎｄｔｈｅｓｏｌｕ．
对外；圣
பைடு நூலகம்【经贸教育】
２０１３年第７期・总第２２９期
商务英语信函的文体特征分析

浅议商务英语信函的文体特点

摘要商务英语信函在商务英语活动中起着越来越重要的作用。研究英文商务信函的文体特征对于我们的学习、撰
写商务信函以及推动各项商务活动合理有效地进行都有重
（所有报盘和销售均应遵守该协议。）２２多用专业词汇．
浅议商务英语信函的文体特点
， ●－熊小红－ ‘ ● 一 ’
（中师范大学外国语学院湖北・华武汉
中图分类号：３Ｈ１９文献标识码：Ａ
４０７）３０９
文章编号：６２７９（０】９０ — ２１７ — ８４２１２— １５０１０
ｐｅｎａｉｎｏａｏｓｂｓｎｓｃｉｉｅ．ｈｓｐｐｒａｍｓｔｌｍｅｔｔｆｖｒｕｕｉｅｓａｔｔｓＴｉａｅｉｏｏｉｖｉ
ａａｚｓｔｅｓｌｔｅｔｒｓｏｕｉｅｓＥｇｓｅｅｓｆｍｎｙｅｈｔｉｉｆｕｅｆｂｓｓｎｌｈｌｔｒｒｌｙｓｃａｎｉｔｏ
２３用词简单，．少用修饰语商务英语信函主要是把商务信息传达给对方或顾客，是贸易往来、达成交易很重要的工具，因此除了必须使用专
业术语等手段准确传达相关信息外，还要求信函语言浅显
易懂，没有歧义。例如：
Ｄａｉ，ｅＳｒｒｓＴａｋｙｕｆｒｏｒｎｅｅｔｎｏｒａｅｕｓｈｎｏｕｔｒｓｕｐｒｃｐ．ｏｙｉｉｐ

商务英语信函的语言特点(英语)

摘要随着经济市场化、全球化趋势的日益深入，与对外经济贸易有关的业务往来也日趋频繁。

作为国际交流的载体，商务英语信函融英语写作与国际贸易业务为一体，已经广泛应用于日常生活和常规工作的方方面面，它不同于普通函件，有其语言、内容、态度、格式方面的独特的文体特点，是开展对外经济贸易业务和有关商务活动的重要手段，对贸易全球化的实现起到了积极的推动作用。

本文对词汇和句子在商务英语信函写作中的语言特点进行讨论分析，帮助学习者更好地掌握商务英语信函中词汇和句子的用法。

关键词：商务英语信函；语言特点；文体特征；词汇；句法；7C原则ABSTRACTWith the deepening of the trend of economic marketization and globalization,the business contacts related to foreign economy and trade are increasingly frequentas well. As the carrier of international communication, business English letter is a combination of English writing and international trade business, has been widely usedin all aspects of daily life and routine work. It is different from ordinary letters whichhas its own language, content, manner, formats unique stylistic features that carry out foreign economic and trade business and related business activities of the important means, for the realization of the globalization of trade which has played a positiverole in promoting it. This paper discusses and analyzes the linguistic characteristics of vocabulary and sentences in business English letter writing to help learners better grasp the usage of vocabulary and sentences in business English letter writing.Key words：Business English correspondence；Language character；Stylistic features；Lexicon；Syntax；7C principleContentsINTRODUCTION (3)CHPTER I Overview Of Business English Correspondence (4)1.1 Development of Business English Correspondence (4)1.1.1 In the Early Term (4)1.1.3 The New Trend (4)1.2 Content of Business English Correspondence (5)1.3 Basic Writing Principles of Business English Correspondence (6)1.4 Classification of Business Correspondence (6)1.5 Functions of Business Correspondence (7)CHPTER II Lexical Features Of Business English Correspondences (8)2.1 Theoretical Foundation —— 7C Principle (8)2.1.1 Courtesy (9)2.1.2 Completeness (9)2.1.3 Consideration (9)2.1.4 Clarity (9)2.1.5 Concreteness (10)2.1.6 Conciseness (10)2.1.7 Correctness (10)2.2 Lexical Features (11)2.2.1 Using Accurate and Careful Words (11)2.2.2 Using Positive and Polite Words (11)2.2.3 Using Fuzzy Language (11)2.2.4 Using Concrete Words over Abstract Words (12)2.2.5 Avoid Ambiguous Words (12)2.2.6 Avoid Repeated Use of Adjectives or Adverbs (13)CHPTER III Syntactic Features Of Business English Correspondence (14)3.1 Using Fixed Phrases (14)3.1.1 Using Emotional Adverbs (14)3.1.2 Using Fixed Sentence Patterns (14)3.1.3 Using Conditional Sentences (15)3.1.4 Using Middle Construction (15)3.3 Using Appropriate Sentence Patterns to Highlight Key Information (16)3.4 Trying to Use Euphemisms (16)3.5 Combination and Simplicity (17)3.6 Common Parallel Structure (17)3.7 Use of Various Sentence Types (17)CONCLUSION (19)REFERENCES (20)INTRODUCTIONLanguage is a basic tool for communication between people. In business activities, people not only talk face to face, but also trade with each other through business English letters. Thus, business English letter also has a place in business activities. Nowadays, with the rapid development of economic globalization, business English correspondence plays a crucial role in the process of international and foreign trade. Business English letter is a general name of many kinds of business letters and electronic data exchange in foreign business center. Business letter is an indispensabletool for business communication and communication, and also an important carrier to convey business information. It is obvious that business English letter and ordinary English letter play different roles due to different application occasions, so there is agreat difference in writing between them. First of all, in terms of the use of vocabulary,the use of vocabulary in business English letters is more exquisite than that in ordinary letters. Even if it is the same meaning, the usage of words will be quite different. Secondly, in the process of writing, many aspects of business English correspondence must strictly abide by and flexibly apply the "7C" principle. Therefore, from the perspective of stylistics, this paper analyzes the lexical characteristics of different parts of speech in business English correspondence bycombining specific practical examples of vocabulary in business English correspondence and the writing principles that should be followed in the writing process of business English correspondence.Through a large number of examples and "Foreign Trade English Correspondence" (2016) edited by Ge Qun, this paper intends to analyze the linguistic characteristics of business English correspondence from the aspects of language, vocabulary and syntax.CHAPTER IAn Overview Of Business English Correspondence1.1 Development of Business English Correspondence1.1.1 In the Early TermThe first stage of development of foreign trade correspondence was probably from the middle and late 18th century to the period before the World War II. With the development of international trade, it is widely used. The main features of foreign trade correspondence in this period are: in terms of vocabulary, a number of large words, loanwords, legal terms and nominal structure to reflect its formality.1.1.2 In the Medium TermThe second development stage of foreign trade correspondence is from the period after the World War II to the 1970s and 1980s of the 20th century, which is also the forming period of the basic style of modern foreign trade correspondence. During this period, there were great changes in the style of foreign trade correspondence, presenting a new style. The most significant change is the practical function of correspondence. The accuracy and efficiency of information transmission required by international trade are put in the first place, which highlights its professionalism.So far, this is still the most basic style of foreign trade correspondence. Duringthis period, foreign trade correspondence became more practical and readable. For foreign trade correspondence style during this period, many documents are happy to use several "C" to summarize. It is generally accepted that courtesy, clarity, concreteness, conciseness.1.1.3 The New TrendFrom the 20th century to now, with people's new understanding of correspondence, the style of correspondence changed significantly during this period, and some new development trends appeared. Specific can be summarized as the following aspects:First, in terms of language style, correspondence is gradually getting rid of the former format of the so-called "business language", oral written business English is widely used, the writing style tends to be personalized and personal. Correspondence began to pursue a fresh, straightforward and humane style of writing; Pay more attention to the beauty of language expression, the human touch in tone and the positive enthusiasm in attitude, in order to close the psychological distance between the writer and the receiver; Focus on brevity, simplicity and clarity.Secondly, the positioning of correspondence function has also changed. Correspondence is no longer just a single exchange of specific business information, but to achieve a broader sense of communication and exchange between the two parties.Thirdly, the correspondence changed the formal face of the past stereotype, but depending on the specific situation to determine the formal level of the correspondence.Fourth, there is a trend towards gender differentiation in wording. Some words and phrases gradually became women's trade correspondence, and letters between men and women became more formalBut at the same time, the old business communication format paper still exists.1.2 Content of Business English CorrespondenceA complete English business letter consists of six parts: head, address, salutation, body, closing and signature. The contents of the header include: full name, address, telephone number, fax and E-mail address of the sending company. The content of the address inside the letter includes the addressee's name and address, the first letter of the addressee's name should be capitalized, the address order from small to large, namely: door plate, street town, county city, country name, the address inside the letter is placed in the lower left corner of the letter head, top case writing, usually separated by two lines with the time. Salutation is an indispensable part of the letter. It is written in the top case, one line below the address. The body of the letter is the main body and the most important part of the full text. Business English letters pay attention to be straight to the point, concise and to the point, and usually adopt the expression that is easy for the other party to accept. The epilogue is written in the space of a blank line at the end of the text, which is equivalent to the "kind salute" used at the end of a Chinese letter. After the conclusion, the American letter is placed at the bottom left and the British letter at the bottom right. It usually takes up 3-4 lines. The first line is the name of the company, the second line is the signature of the writer, and the third line is the position or department of the signer.1.3 Basic Writing Principles of Business English CorrespondenceBusiness English letter is a commonly used business English practical article. It is the main means for both parties to understand each other and conduct trade. While communicating business information in written form, it also reflects the business image of a company or institution. The principles of business English letter writing are changing with The Times. In the middle of the 20th century, business did not flourish as much as it does today, and even face-to-face meetings were formal. Today's business contacts are close, so it is no longer as formal and rigid as at the beginning. In the communication process, we will use more natural and relaxed language, of course and we will still pay attention to the euphemism andappropriateness. Because easy language makes it easier for us to communicate, and the purpose of communication is to suggest relationships, to communicate ideas accurately, to convey a good impression. With the desire to achieve trade through mutual cooperation, nowadays, business English letter, as an important tool for businessmen to carry out business activities abroad, has its own unique principles in writing in order to play its effect, which should follow the principle of 7Cs. They are: courtesy; completeness; consideration; clarity, concreteness, conciseness, correctness. However, under the guidance of these seven writing principles, business English letter has the characteristics of polite and tactful emotion and concise and accurate expression.1.4 Classification of Business English CorrespondenceThere are four main types of business letters: information letters (including inquiry letters, notification letters, quotation letters, etc.), persuasion letters (including sales letters, cover letters, recommendation letters, etc.), problem solving letters (including claim letters, arbitration letters, decline letters, etc.), and goodwill letters (such as congratulatory letters, etc.).1.5 Functions of Business English CorrespondenceAccording to the definition and the classification, people can easily gain a common sense that business correspondence is used to sell products or services, request information or service, answer customer’s enquires, maintain good public relations, and serve a large range of other business functions.Business English letter is the progress of the import and export business of professional written records. It is business people from all over the world to negotiate trade, contact business for import and export trade in one application documents. This time, a large number of written consultations were conducted through business English letters which stipulated the rights and obligations of the buyer and the seller and provided the legal basis for dispute resolution, from the establishment of traderelations to a successful transaction.Business correspondence can act as formal or informal public relations material. It can help to build good relationship between you and you clients, creditors, suppliers and other public groups. It also represents you and your firm to people that you may never meet personally or contact just by phone. How you express yourself forms an impression in the mind of your clients. As a result, business writing deserves considerable care and attention.CHAPTER IILexical Features Of Business English CorrespondencesLanguage is an indispensable part of the development of human society. People often take many things related to language for granted and vocabulary is a unit of language expression. Webster's New World Dictionary offers some of the most common definitions of "language". In fact, the most concise definition of language is a way of verbal communication, which is practical. However, it is difficult to make a scientific definition of "word". It is a natural bounded unit, a common factor that governs a set of forms, and a grammatical unit. According to the differences between different words, we can divide words into changeable words and immutable words, grammatical words and lexical words, closed words and open words, and parts of speech in four ways.2.1 Theoretical Foundation ------ 7C PrincipleBusiness English correspondence is the symbolic manifestation of the changes in the psychological communication between the business interests and the trading participants in the operation of import and export trade. It not only has the exchange value, but also has the economic value. The embodiment of economic value lies in that the participants in import and export trade overcome the cross-cultural economicbarriers and communicate with each other through business English correspondence in the whole process of engaging in import and export trade. Complete the entire process of import and export trade (including: establishing trade relations, enquiries, offers, counter-offers, orders, contracts, payments, packaging, insurance, transportation, appeals and claims, etc.) to obtain economic benefits. Business English correspondence this kind of language behavior satisfies the demand of the import and export trade intercourse, moreover has the broad market and the huge economic value. English is a language with strong network externalities. In economics, network externality refers to the utility generated by the consumption of a certain kind of goods increases with the increase of the number of people consuming the goods. As the world's common language, English is used by a large number of consumers, so the economic utility is huge. The systematic application of principle 7C in the writing of business English correspondence can improve the quality of correspondence and improve the economic benefits obtained through correspondence.2.1.1 CourtesyIn order to establish and maintain a friendly business relationship, business English correspondence should generally pay attention to the principle of politeness, to treat others. The principle of politeness is not only reflected in the use of words such as "please" and "thanks you", but also in the lines to reflect China's foreign trade policy and diplomatic etiquette, to be neither humble nor arrogant, decent and generous. The specific politeness principle basically includes the following aspects: abide by the international business practice; Respect each other's customs; Language should be polite and measured, avoid using command tone; Use a friendly, positive tone, try to use a euphemistic tone to point out the other side is not satisfactory, reply to the letter to be timely.2.1.2 CompletenessA complete business letter should answer each question and clarify the important information you want to convey. The integrity of the letter is conducive to the establishment of a good corporate image, to save both sides of the business time toachieve the desired effect, to avoid unnecessary disputes caused by the lack of important information.2.1.3 ConsiderationUnderstanding refers to the interests of the other side as the starting point and standing in the other side's position to consider the problem carefully, in order to get the other side's good will and achieve the expected purpose.The understanding principle is a technique used in business interactions to facilitate transactions.2.1.4 ClarityThe principle of clarity includes two aspects. One is that the writer knows what to write before writing. The other one is that when the letter received can fully understand the writer’s expression, will not produce misunderstanding. This requires a clear mind, accurate expression instead of using some ambiguous words.2.1.5 ConcretenessSpecific principles refer to the letter involved in the content to say something. Information is completely expression, detailed and specific, rich and vivid. In business letter writing, avoid general, vag ue expressions such as “soon, at an early date, good and nearly”, etc. For example, “I will send the samples to you soon. It would be better if I would send the samples to you in two weeks. ” Or “I will send the samples to you next Monday.”2.1.6 ConcisenessBrevity means to express the richest and most complete content in the least language without affecting the politeness of the letter. Brevity makes a letter more powerful and concise. The format of business English letter should be concise and to the point, the language should be easy to understand, and the content should be concise and rich. This should be about to write in the process of writing as far as possible to choose single room, easy to understand, simple vocabulary, use concise, direct sentences.2.1.7 CorrectnessThe traditional accuracy principle generally includes five aspects: correct information, correct grammar, correct spelling, correct punctuation and correct pragmatics. Pragmatic correctness refers to the appropriateness and appropriateness of language use, which should take into account the linguistic context, the conventional context and the social context. Linguistic context refers to the form, composition, information and communicative intention of the last letter if there is a previous letter. The conventional context refers to the general knowledge of the objective world of the reader, which belongs to the category of encyclopedic knowledge. Social context is cultural context and scene context. Cultural context refers to the consideration of the social norms, cultural contracts and customs of the reader's society. The context of the scene is the specific communicative environment and content of the economic events in which the two parties are involved. Correct pragmatics can make the communication between transaction parties more successful and the economic benefits more smoothly.2.2 Lexical Features2.2.1 Using Accurate and Careful WordsThe essential function of a business letter is to convey information, which is not only related to the company's business development, brand image, customer development, and even affects the company's international reputation. If you want to say "$98", you can write "$98" in a normal letter, but in a business English letter, you must write "$98.00" .It must be strictly distinguished in business English correspondence. There are two prepositional phrases like "by Monday" and "before Monday". The former includes the day" Monday", while the latter doesn't include it, that means the day before the deadline "Monday".2.2.2 Using Positive and Polite WordsIf business letter writers choose the right words, they will leave a goodimpression on the other party and lay the foundation for the cooperation between the two parties. When writing business letters, we should pay attention to the appropriate use of commendatory words and polite words. Example: (1a)" I'm sorry we blundered on your order."; (2a)" We regret the inconvenience you've had been under caused by the broken mixer. " Although the letter writers hope to express a sincere apology, negative (case 1 blunder and 2 inconvenience) will remind receiving bad consequences, affect each other's response to adverse consequences. So the writer can use neutral words to dilute the recipient's response to the consequences. To achieve good communication effect, letter writing can be rewritten as :(1b)" I want to apologize for the order we delivered "; (2b)" We are truly sorry about the experience you had with the mixer."2.2.3 Using Fuzzy LanguageLanguage communication is a necessary means of communicating feelings. In the face of emotional things, fuzzy language can harmonize feelings. The primary basis of business English letter is appropriate and polite language, while the use of obscure words can make the words implicit and euphemistic. Especially for some sensitive topics, such as the interests of both sides, the focus of conflict, etc., fuzzy language plays a role of hiding , avoiding and diversion. Sometimes using vague language out of consideration of discretion and politeness is beneficial to both parties in business dealings.Example 1: “If possible, please also send samples of the goods you are interested in selling.” The writer would very hopeful that the reader to send him samples of interest as soon as possible. But the direct expression will make the sentence rigid, to the reader left an uncomfortable feeling. "If possible" makes the statement more implicit and polite.Fuzzy language is also persuasive. One of the basic requirements of a business letter is truthfulness and accuracy. On this basis, the use of vague language may be easier to arouse the reader's interest or persuade the other side to accept their views.Example 2: “We are very well connected with all the major dealers h ere of industrial products.” The fuzzy adjunct "very well" brings the relationship between the writer and reader much closer, and this relationship provides a good foundation for smooth cooperation. The fuzzy language makes the whole statement more persuasive.2.2.4 Using Concrete Words over Abstract WordsAbstract words are ambiguous in meaning, not directly and accurately expressed in meaning, and specific words are clear in meaning, which facilitates rapid communication between both sides of the letter. It is an important feature of a business letter to use specific words to express one's wishes accurately and help both sides communicate quickly. Therefore, English business letter writing should try to use specific words to express the meaning accurately and quickly, to avoid ambiguity.Example: (1) “The payment of the goods will be effected on July 1st.” (2) “The goods will be paid on July 1st.” (3) “The shipment was affected by weather.” However, the noun "Payment" cannot be used as a predicate to express "Payment" independently, the author must use the verb "effect" to express the meaning. From the stylistic point of view, example 1 to 2 is more formal, but from the concise and accurate level of meaning expression, example 2 is concise and clear, which is more conducive to the communication between both parties. The verb "affect" does not have a clear meaning, so the recipient cannot clearly understand how the weather affects the transport of the goods, and therefore cannot take appropriate countermeasures. So the writer should use accurate words such as "hindered", the "of" or "stopped", facilitate the recipient responded correctly.2.2.5 Avoid Ambiguous WordsAmbiguous words are words that have two or more meanings in the same context. The use of ambiguous words in business letters may affect the misunderstanding of both parties and cause unnecessary trouble. Example: We assembled them by the new machine. (" By "can mean" near "or" by means of ") incase the preposition "by" in English can be interpreted as "by the side of..." and "by means of...”. We put them all together next to the new machine. We used the new machine to put them together. In order to accurately express the meaning, writing a business letter should be changed according to the meaning of the writer on patients into: (1) We assembled them near the new machine, or (2) We assembled them by means of the new machine. In addition, business English letter in a sentence to avoid as far as possible meaning of a word. For example, “Cotton and silk blouses made in China enjoy a good market in the European market. ". In this sentence, the "market" to express the two kinds of meaning: the first "market" means "sales", the second "market" said "the market". In order to facilitate understanding, should put the example for the Cotton and silk blouses made in China enjoy a good sale in the European marketplace ".2.2.6 Avoid Repeated Use of Adjectives or AdverbsChinese people are used to repeating the same meaning in writing. On the one hand, repetition can maintain a balanced lexical structure. On the other hand, repetition also strengthens the mood and the meaning of expression. English culture emphasizes the use of plain language to express meaning. When writing business English letters, we should follow the habits of English language, avoid unnecessary repetition, and keep the letter concise and clear. Repeated errors in adjectives and adverbs commonly found in business letters: General consensus; True facts ("facts "must be true=true); Assemble together (" Assemble "= put together.); Absolutely complete (" Absolutely "= completely).CHAPTER IIIS yntactic Features Of Business English CorrespondenceSentence is the basic unit of discourse. The writing of English business letter must follow the characteristics of business letter and choose the syntactic structure.Professional business English letter writing usually chooses concise sentence structure. The complex long sentence meaning expression is unclear, does not meet the business activity to saves time and the convenience request.3.1 Using Fixed PhrasesUse fixed phrases: as the medium of business communication, both English and Chinese business letters strictly follow the principles of politeness. In the long-standing customs and habits of business communities, some ready-made formulaic patterns, namely social phrases, have been condensed to express social etiquette.3.1.1 Using Emotional AdverbsWith table adverb of emotion, such as: faithfully, kindly, respectfully, sincerely, unfortunately and so on, which are attached to form request, give or inform sentences. It is used to act as additional emotion of the sentence, convey the evaluation of the sender, and express feeling of praise and respect.3.1.2 Using Fixed Sentence PatternsUsing the sentence structure like “I’m sorry to tell... ”, “I regret to say...”, “I appreciate..., but...”, “I 'm afraid.” to sh ow euphemism and politeness, to express sympathy, regret and other feelings. Use “It's very kind of you to...” “It's a pleasure for me to...” “I would like to inform you that...”. This is to express one's feelings of joy or pleasure to attract the attention of the other party. These sentence patterns are characterized by the expression of feelings of the word as the center, euphemism polite introduction of the topic.3.1.3 Using Conditional SentencesIn business English letter writing, the use of conditional sentences will often make the letter achieve a more polite effect. In particular, when making demands or Suggestions to the other party, the use of conditional sentences can euphemistically。

浅析商务英语文体特征

浅析商务英语文体特征一、英语商务信函的文体特征（1）词汇特征1）商务英语在遣词造句方面显得准确无误，绝绝大多数时候使用较为常见的词语，确保被对方接受和理解，但又幸免口语化。

2）使用了较多的简写词汇和缩写词汇。

在世界性的商务活动进展过程中，大量简化和缩写的商务英语高频词汇被广泛接受，这样就很容易让使用者理解和接受。

3）较多地使用专业术语，它是国际贸易中主要的交流工具。

4）礼貌用语被广泛应用。

在商务英语信函中，会最大限度地使用礼貌用语，虽然对初学者来说，此类用语看似繁冗，但事实上只要掌握了规律，就能够很娴熟地使用而且还有助于把握信函的总体结构。

5）使用了较多的同义词以及近义词，展示出在商务英语信函中多元化以及灵活性的语言风格，而且它们的具体用法以及含义也有所区别，这展示出商务英语信函在遣词造句方面的精准性。

商务英语有着特别的语境，这影响了很多词汇的具体语义。

所以买卖双方都要意识到商务词汇在具体语境中的准确含义，将它和一般性词汇区分开来。

例如，balance以及quote表示“平衡”以及“引用”，而在商务英语中，它们的含义却是非常特别的。

例如，Westronglydemandimmediatefullorpartialpaymentwithastatementof whenyouwillpaythebalance（.我们坚决要求你们马上向我们付全款或部分款项，但是要承诺何时付清余款）；Theirpricesarealwaysquotedindollars（.他们总是以美元来报价的）。

此处的balance以及quote分别表示余款和报价。

（2）句法特征1）完整正式的句式在英语商务信函得到了较好的体现，大量使用复杂的从句以及长句是商务英语的主要句法特征之一。

2）套语的广泛使用：在商务信函行文过程中，必须大量地使用套语。

3）使用条件句：如果是请求、建议以及要求对方做某事时，则要使用条件句来显示出己方的礼貌与委婉。

商务英语信函的文体特征分析

ＡｂｔａｔｓａｓｅｉａａｔｉｎｌｈｕｉｅｓＥｇｉｏｅｐｎｅｃｏｓｓｓｉｎｑｅｓｌｓｒｃ：ＡｐｃｌｖｒｎｎＥｇｓ，ｂｓｓｎＩｈｃｒｓｏｄｎｅｐｓｓｔｕｉｕｔｅａｉｉｎｓｅｅｓｙ．Ｃｏｉｎｔｌｇａｅｃａａｔｒｔｉｔｅｍｂｎｇｉａｕｇｈｒｃ，ｈｈ — ｉｓｎｅｓ江— 技信总 — 龙— —
商务英语信函的文体特征分析
袁继红李孝英
ｆ州医学院外语学院，泸四川泸州６６Ｏ）４ＯＯ
摘要：商务英语信函作为英语在商务领域的变体，它具有其自身的风格特点。结合其语言特点，从词汇、句法和语篇层面分析商务英语信函的文体特征，而对商务英语信函的写作有所启示。从关键词：务英语信函；言特点；体特征商语文
（Ｗｅａｓｍｂｅｈｍｙ【ｅｎｗｍｅｉａ７ｓ３ｅｌｄｔｅｂｈｅａｈｎ
—
运用显得尤为必要。
ｔｏｍｏｔ．ｗｎｈｓ
１５简洁。简洁并不意味着与完整相矛盾，而是拟通过大量的例子以及孙志祥主编的“ ．商务在写作中应英语函电”（０）２７ｏ的五篇函电从语言、词汇、句法和要求用最少的语言表达最丰富的内容。语篇几卜／方面析商务英语函电的文体特征。当用简直接、短、朴素的英语避免不必要的重复、冗１语言托长的话语和华丽的措辞风格。（ｉｏｅｐｅｓｍｙｈａｔｌｇａｉｄｏ１ｗｓｔｘｒｓｅｒｅｔｒｔｅｔｈｆｔｕ商务英语信函国际商贸活动中常见的一种是ｏｏｏｒｋｎｏｐｒｔ．ｏ文嫩因此其措辞、句法、表达风格、意义和内涵等都ｙｕｆｒｙｕｉｄｃｏｅａｉｎ玎ｈｎｏｏｏｒｋｉｄｃｏｅａｏ．ａｋｙｕｆｒｙｕｎｏｐｒｔｎｉ具有商业的韵味语言简练而准确，表达有力而温和蕻行文通常严格遵守 ‘Ｃ ”的写作原则，＇ｓ７即礼貌１６具体。具体是指信龟要详实明确、．丰富生矾＠ｕｅ体谅（ｎｉｅａｉ）完整（ｍｐｅｎｓ，不能使用含糊、ｏ￣ｓｃｓｒｔｎ，ｏｄｏｃｌｅｅｓｏｔ）概括性或抽象的语言。抽象词汇意意思表达不直接、不准确；具体词汇意思明清楚（ａｔ，ｃｒｙ简洁（ｎｉｎｓ，ｌｉ）ｃｃｅｅｓ具体（ｎｒｔｎｓｏｓ）ｃｃｅｅ义含混，０ｅ正确（ｒｃｎｓ。ｃｒｔｅｓｏｅ）确便于信函双方的迅速沟通。１礼貌。商务英语措辞礼貌婉转用语诚恳、．１ ⑥ ｗｅｗｈｔｃｎｒｕｌｉａｈｄｉｏｏｆｍｏｒｔｅｄｐｔｅｓｉｅｘｓｃｅｔｒａ．却又不卑亢忌盛气凌人、＾所难。一封礼貌的ｙｓｅｄｙ不强＿Ｗｅｃｎｒｏｒｔｌｘｏｕｙ２ｄ２Ｏ５＋ｏｆｍｕｅｆＪｌｎＯ．ｉｅ信函能为你竖立诚信的形＿为双方合作建立更顺象畅的交流桥梁。在例子⑥中， “ 昨天” 一词表达不明确信函接收（ｗｅ８ｅｓｒｈｔｙｕｍｉｎｅｓｏ者不能清楚知道电报发出的确切日期。ＤｒｏｒｔａｏｓｄｒｔｄｙｕｏＵＳ１－７正确。这一点耐那些以英语为外语的写作（ｌｅｒｏＤｔａｗｅｄｉｎｔｂＷａｅｓｒｈｔｄ‘ ｍａｅｕ－ｋ０ｒ者更为重要，因为这不仅指使用正确的单词、语法还ｓｌｅｌａ＇ｅｖｓｃｅ．ｔ包括精确的数字、恰如其分的表达和正确的格式伊④ 中两句话表达的意思基本相同但ａ句显等。然有责备ｘ方的含而在ｂ寸句中作者则主动地承例如 ‘ｈｆｒｉｏｅｒｖａｓｉｃｕｉＴｅｏｅｐｎｆｅｄｙｌｓｅｓｏｆｉｎｖｏｔｅｄｔｆｉａｃ．ｆｈａｅｏｓｔ ”比 ‘ ｈｆｒｓｏｅｏｄｐｈ＇ｅｏｅｉＤｎｆＴｒ担了责任瑚句的表达效果不言而喻。ｌ谅。体谅就是指在商务信函中采取ｆｅｄｙ．２体ｉａｓ表达更准确。ｖ ” 、ｕａｔｕｅ的处事态度，ｏ— ｌｔｄ＇ｉ ’ 即站在对方的立场考虑２词汇特征问题设身处地地为ｘｐ￣想把对方的要求愿望和，Ｔ：ｌ２用词正式庄重。由于国际商务信函是一种Ｉ正式的公函涪因此多使用正式书面词汇代替普感ｈ虑在先。例如：准确具体，而充分体 ② ｗｅａ‘ ％ｄｓｏｎｆｒｃｓａ一通词汇辨力求用词简洁朴素、ｌ１ａ５ｉｕｔｏａｈｐｙｌｗｃ现国际商务公函的规范正式、公事公办的特．。在

浅议商务英语信函的语篇特点

浅议商务英语信函的语篇特点
在当今商务活动中，商务英语信函的应用越来越普遍，这成为了国际商务活动中的重要工具。

商务英语信函的语言特点是一个值得探讨的话题。

首先，商务英语信函应该简明、有效且严谨。

其次，商务英语信函需要有礼貌、友好的语气，以便表达友好的情感。

另外，为了表达准确、明确，一般不使用繁琐的句子结构或一些不确定性词语。

再者，商务英语信函也应该采用简短、中性、礼貌的语言，以避免不必要的歧义和误解。

最后，商务英语信函应当根据主题的不同而有所不同，例如，投诉通常应用明确、具体、礼貌的语句，而咨询则应该用礼貌而简洁的语句。

商务英语信函的句子结构一般比较简单明了，应针对对方的职权，正式地使用祈使句。

此外，在写作商务英语信函时，应注意使用正式且凝练的措辞，例如，使用大写字母或者全拼等。

在书写信件时，通常应该把重点信息放在开篇和结尾，以便突出要点。

在表达谢意时，应把感谢表达在信件的最后一段，以表示最后的尊重。

以上就是商务英语信函的语篇特点。

综上所述，商务英语信函虽然具有修辞简洁、层次清晰等公共特征，但也需要根据其他条件，如主题、语境等进行定制加工，以使其更加精确、明确。

最后，为了得到最好的效果，在撰写商务英语信函时要善于调整，注重表达清晰，以达到最佳的商务效果。

- 1 -。

商务英语信函的主要文体特征及翻译技巧

商务英语信函的主要⽂体特征及翻译技巧国际贸易竞争⽇益激烈的今天，为了通过发送商务信函达到有效交流，传达友好情感，增加商务合作机会的⽬的，商务信函必须在风格和语⾔上发⽣变化。

现代商务信函的主要⽂体特征可以概括为以下五点: 内容的清晰性、表达的简洁性、词语的专业性、风格的正式性、措辞的礼貌性。

因此我们要将商务信函本⾝的特点和英语的语⾔特点结合起来，分析和总结其翻译思路和技巧。

⼀、内容的清晰性发送商务信函的⽬的在于建⽴商务往来关系，就某⼀细节进⾏商讨，努⼒达成共识，以便促进⼀项商务活动的开展。

要达到这些⽬的，⾸先必须保证阅读者能够清楚了解写信⼈的意图，迂回或闪烁其辞的话语会让读信⼈产⽣不信任，甚⾄会怀疑对⽅的语⾔表达能⼒，对进⼀步开展商务活动很不利。

模棱两可的话轻则阻碍读信⼈对信函意思的理解，重则会对发函⽅造成不必要的损失。

例如: As to the steamers sailing fromHongkong to San Francisco，we have bimonthly directservices. 此处bimonthly 有歧义，可以是twicea month 或者once two month. 故读信⼈就迷惑了，可以改写为We have two direct sailings everymonth from Hongkong to San Francisco. 翻译要保留原⽂的清晰度相当重要。

由于在较为正式的场合中，为了将⼀概念定义完整和清楚，英⽂常常⽤关联词将⼏个短句并在⼀起形成⼀个长句，⽽中⽂⽆法照样只⽤⼀句话来翻译，即使这样译了也很难达到通顺和⾃然。

这时，我们就采取将长句按特定的事情发展的顺序拆分成两个或两个以上的⼩句⼦的⽅式来翻译。

必要时还要增加或省略⼀些词语，让整段⽂字结构更合理、内容更清楚。

例如: The prices stated are based oncurrent freight rates，any increase or decrease infreight rates at time of shipment is to be the benefitof the buyer，with the seller assuming the payment ofall transportation charges to the point or place of delivery.例句中以⼀个介词with 来分界，译为“合同价格是以运费计算，装运时运费的增减均属买⽅。

英语商业信函文体特征分析

收稿日期: 2 0信件的主要语言 . 所以 , 本文讨论的将是英语商业信件 . 为便于分析 , 也为了增加分析的真实性 , 我们选了美国一家公司的经理发给河北某企业集团的五封信 . 这名经理是操英语的本族人 , 他的信件可以代表多数英语商业信件 . 由于商业信件的特定的目的 , 主题和其它一些语境要素 , 信件的作者的个人写作风格不能够得到充分的展示 , 即他的个人风格会减少到最低限度 . 他不能够自由地运用他的写造力和各种有助于教学的能力 ; 激发学生的学习热情 , 提高学生的学习兴趣 , 使学生能够在自然愉快的环境中不断获取知识 . 好雨知时节 , 当春乃发生 , 随风潜入夜 , 润物细无声 " " . 让我们的每一个教师都像春雨一样 , 用真诚的爱去滋润学生的心田 .
标题数例文例文1例文2例文3例文4例文5合计句号79410636逗号1513212冒号l00203问号5002l8句号的比例506480596761从表1的数据可看出在所选五篇例文中句号占标点总数的61句号在每篇例文中所占的比例也都是最高的而其它的标点很少或者根本没有出现
英语商业信函文体特征分析
袁美琴1, 凌霄鹏 2 上海商学院上海 2 ( 0 1 4 0 0 )
摘要: 随着全球贸易的日趋融合 , 英语商业信件在对外贸易中起着越来越重要的作用 . 然而 , 从文体学的角
度系统地去研究它的语言及文体特征还是一个比较新的领域 . 本文采用现代文体学理论 , 从字位 , 词汇 , 句法 , 语境四个层面对英语商业信件进行了分析 , 并对未来英语商业信件的语体发展趋势进行了预测 . 关键词 : 商业信件 ; 文体标记中图分类号 : H3 1 5 文献标识码 : A 文章编号 : 1 6 7 3 -2 7 5 8 ( 2 0 0 6 ) 0 2 -0 0 2 4 -0 5 : , A � � � � a � � W� � �� a � � � �� a � � E � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� a � � � � � �� a � �� a � � . Y� � , � � � �a� � �� a � �� a � � � � �� . T� � �� a � � � a � a � � � � �E � � � � � �� a � � � � � � � ,� � � � � � � , � � � � a �a � �� . A� � � , � � � � � � � � � �� . : ; K� �� a � � � � � 引言 1 . 在国际贸易中 , 信息的交流是必需的 , 而信件是信息交流通常采纳的一种形式 . 即使在人们成功地使用电报 , 电传之后 , 信件仍用于确认是否收到了电报 , 电传 . 现在 , 传真, 比信件 , 电报 , 电传受到更多人的欢迎 , 而传真 , E �a � � 通常采纳信件的形式 , 因此 , 传真, 也可看成 E�a � � E �a � � 是商业信件的一种变体 . 从这一意义上来说 , 信件仍然是现代交际的主要方式 .英语 , 作为一种全世界通用的工作育人 " 才是目的 , 教书与育人是职校教师的双重任务和崇 " 高职责 , 教师不但是知识 , 能力的传播者 , 培养者 , 而且是学生思想品德的教育者 , 是塑造学生灵魂的工程师 . 教师与学生朝夕相处 , 教师的一言一行 , 一举一动 , 将对学生产生潜移默化的影响 . 可以说热爱学生是老师的天职, 也是教育成功的起点 . 教师热爱教育 , 敬岗爱业 , 在很大程度上体现在对学生的热爱上 . 热爱学生的过程就是师生感情交流的过程 . 高尚的情感 , 良好的师生关系 , 在教学过程中具有重要的推动作用 , 它可以提高教师的观察力 , 创