倒装句重点和难点解析(一)

倒装句重点和难点解析（一）
一、完全倒装
a. Look, here ______.
b. Look, here ______.
A. he comes, the bus comes
B. comes he, comes the bus
C. comes he, the bus comes
D. he comes, comes the bus
此题应选D。

容易误选A, B。

这里涉及倒装问题。

倒装通常分可为完全倒装(谓语置于主语前)和部分倒装(使用一般疑问句的形式)。

而完全倒装通常又有两种情况：
1. 在描述动作的句子, 为了描述生动, 增强修饰效果, 常将副词out, in, down, up, away, off, here, there, now, then, next等位于句首, 从而引起倒装：
In came the teacher. 老师进了来。

There goes the bell. 响铃了。

Up went the arrow into the air. 箭飕地一下声飞到了空中。

2. 为了使句子平衡或上下文联系紧密, 常将主语或状语置于句首, 从而引起倒装：
By the window sat a girl. 窗子边坐着一个女孩。

At the top of the hill stands a weather station. 山顶上有一个气象站。

注意：若主语是代词, 则不能倒装：
There he goes. 他走了。

Behind the counter, she stood. 她站在柜台后。

二、“only＋状语”置于句首句子要倒装
Only in this way ______ able to finish the work in time.
A. can you be
B. are you
C. you can be
D. you are 此题应选B。

容易误选D。

至于A, C, 这比较容易排除, 因为情态动词can 不能与be able to 用在同一谓语中。

本题之所以要选B而不选D, 主要是因为句首用了only in this way 的缘故, 按照英语语法规则：“only＋状语”位于句首, 句子通常要用倒装语序(部分倒装——用一般疑问句形式)：
1. “only＋副词”位于句首：
Only then did I realize that I was wrong. 只是到了那时我才意识到是我错了。

2. “only＋介词短语”位于句首：
Only by working hard can you succeed. 只有努力工作你才能成功。

Only in the reading-room can you find him. 你只有在阅览室才能找到他。

3. “only＋状语从句”位于句首：
Only when one loses freedom does one know its value. 一个人只有在失去自由后才知道自由的可贵。

注意：若位于句首的不是only＋状语, 而是only＋宾语等, 则通常无需倒装(但有时也可以倒装)：Only a policeman the children saw in the street. 孩子们在街上只看到一个警察。

Only one more point will I make. 我只再说明一点。

三、否定词置于句首句子要倒装
a. I ______ seen such a good harvest!
b. ______ I seen such a good harvest.
A. have never, Never have
B. never have, Have never
C. have never, Have never
D. never have, Never have
此题应选A。

这里考察的是否定词置于句首, 句子用部分倒装的问题。

一般说来, 以下否定词位于句首, 句子要用倒装(部分倒装—-用一般问句的形式)：seldom, never, little, few, hardly, not, not until, in vain, in no way, by no means, on no account, no longer 等：
Never does he come late. 他从不迟到。

Little did he know that the police were after him. 他一点也不知道警察在找他。

By no means shall I go there again. 我决不会再去那儿了。

Hardly had he arrived at the station when the train began to leave. 他一到车站, 火车就开动了。

Few students did they see in the classroom. 他们在教室没看到几个学生。

Not a word did I ever say to him. 我从未对他说过一句话。

Not until all the fish in the river died did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was. 直到河里的鱼全死了, 村民们才意识到污染是多么严重。

四、So do I 与So I do
—He studies very hard.
—Yes, so ______ and so ______.
A. he did, you did
B. did he, did you
C. he did, did you
D. did he, you did 此题应选C。

容易误选B。

此题句意为：
—他学习很用功。

—是的, 他确实用功, 你也一样(用功)。

这里涉及这样两个问题：
1. 表示前面所述的情况也适合于后面一个人或事物, 通常在so后用倒装句式(部分倒装——用一般问句的形式)：
He likes English. So do I. 他喜欢英语, 我也一样。

He was ill and so were his parents. 他病了, 他父母也病了。

顺便说一句, 在正式文体中, as也可这样用：
He travelled a great deal, as did most of his friends. 他去过许多地方旅游, 他多数朋友也一样。

但是如果前面所述情况为否定式, 则用neither, nor引出倒装句(此时不能用so)：
He couldn’t do it, and neither coul d she. 他做不了, 她也做不了。

He never comes late. Nor do I. 他从不迟到, 我也从不迟到。

2. 后一句子若只是重复前句的意思, 起加强语气的作用, so后面不用倒装句式：
—He has done a good job. 他干得不错。

—So he has. 他的确干得不错。