人体解剖英文名词

绪论 introduction



**解剖学 anatomy

**人体解剖学 human anatomy

**系统解剖学 systematic anatomy, descriptive anatomy

**局部解剖学 topographic anatomy, regional anatomy

**应用解剖学 applied anatomy

**临床解剖学 clinical anatomy

**外科解剖学 surgical anatomy

**解剖学姿势 anatomical position

*矢状面 sagittal plane

*正中矢状面 median(or midsagittal) plane

*冠状面（或额状面） coronal(or frontal) plane

*横切面（或水平面） transverse(or horizontal) plane

前面（或腹侧面） anterior(or ventral) surface

后面（或背侧面） posterior(or dorsal) surface

上端（或颅端） superior(or cranial) end

下端（或尾端） inferior(or caudal) end

内侧（尺侧或胫侧）缘 medial(ulnar or tibial)border

外侧（桡侧或腓侧）缘 lateral(radial or fibular)border

近侧端（或上端） proximal(or upper) end

远侧端（或下端） distal(or lower) end

内面 internal(or interior)surface

外面 external(or exterior)surface

浅层 superficial layer

深层 deep layer





*头 head

*颅 cranium, skull

*额 front

*枕 occipit

*颞 temples



*耳 ear

*面 face

*眼 eye

*鼻 nose

*口 mouth

唇 lip

*颈 neck, cervix, collum

*躯干 trunk

*背 back

*胸 thorax, chest

*腹 abdomen

脐 umbilicus

*盆部 pelvis

四肢 limbs, extremities

*上肢 upper limb

*肩 shoulder

腋 axilla

*臂 arm

*肘 elbow

*前臂 forearm

*手 hand

腕 wrist

掌 palm

*鱼际 thenar

*小鱼际 hypothenar

*手指 finger

*拇指 thumb

示指 index finger

*下肢 lower limb

*髋 hip

*股（又称大腿) thigh

*膝 knee

*小腿 leg

*踝 ankle, malleolus

*

足 foot

跗
tarsus

跖 sole

*趾 toe








骨及骨连结 bone and joint

*骨学 osteology

**骨骼 skeleton

*骨骼系统 skeletal system

**骨 bone

中轴骨 axial skeleton

附肢骨 appendicular skeleton

*长骨 long bone

*短骨 short bone

*扁骨 flat bone

*不规则骨 irregular bone

**骨密质 compact bony substance

**骨松质 spongy bony substance

**骨膜 periosteum

骨内膜 endosteum

*黄骨髓 yellow bony marrow

**红骨髓 red bony marrow

骺 epiphysis

骨干 diaphysis

干骺端 metaphysis

*骺软骨 epiphysial cartilage

*骺线 epiphysial line

滋养孔 nutrient foramen

髓腔 medullary cavity

突 process

棘 spine

隆起 eminence

粗隆 tuberosity

结节 tuber, tubercle

嵴 crest

线 line

窝 concavity, fossa

凹 fovea

小凹 foveola

压迹 impression

腔 cavity

窦 autrum, sinus

管 canal, duct

孔 foramen,opening

口 mouth, apertura, aditus, ostium

裂孔 hiatus

髁 condyle

上髁 epicondyle

缘 margin

切迹 notch, incisura

纤维连结 fibrous joint

韧带连结 syndesmosis

缝 suture

软骨连结 cartilaginous joint

**关节 articulation, joint

**关节面 articular surface

关节软骨 articular cartilage

**关节囊 articular capsul

*纤维层 fibrous layer

*滑膜 synovial membrane

**关节腔 articular cavity

**韧带 ligament

**关节盘 articular disk

**关节半月板 articular meniscus

*关节唇 articular labrum

滑膜关节 synovial joint

平面关节 plane joint

球窝

关节 ball and socket joint

椭圆关节 ellipso
id joint

车轴关节 pivot joint

鞍状关节 saddle joint

*屈 flexion

*伸 extension

*收 adduction

*展 abduction

*旋转 rotation

*环转 circumduction

*旋前 pronation

*旋后 supination

*外翻 eversion

*内翻 inversion

*背屈 dorsiflexion

*跖屈 plantarflexion

**椎骨 vertebrae

**脊柱 vertebral column

*椎管 vertebral canal

*椎体 vertebral body

*椎弓 vertebral arch

**椎间孔 intervertebral foramen

*椎孔 vertebral foramen

*棘突 spinous process

*横突 transverse process

上关节突 superior articular process

**颈椎 cervical vertebrae

*横突孔 transverse foramen

*寰椎 atlas

侧块 lateral mass

*枢椎 axis

齿突 dens

**胸椎 thoracic vertebrae

上肋凹 superior costal fovea

**腰椎 lumbar vertebrae

**骶骨 sacrum, sacral bone

骶骨岬 sacral promontory

*骶管裂孔 sacral hiatus

骶角 sacral horn

**尾骨 coccyx

**椎间盘 intervertebral disc

*纤维环 anulus fibrosus

*髓核 pulpiform nucleus

*黄韧带 ligaments flava

寰枕关节 atlanto-occipital joint

**肋 ribs, costae

*肋软骨 costal cartilage

*肋沟 costal groove

**肋弓 costal arch

**胸骨 sternum

胸骨柄 sternal manubrium

胸骨体 sternal body

**剑突 xiphoid process

**胸骨角 sternal angle

**胸廓 thoracic cage

肋椎关节 costovertebral joints

胸肋关节 sternocostal joints

**枕骨 occipital bone

枕骨髁 occipital condyle

*舌下神经管 hypoglossal canal

*枕骨大孔 foramen magnum

枕外隆凸

external occipital protuberance

*蝶骨 sphenoid bone

*蝶鞍 sella turcica


**垂体窝 hypophysial fossa

*视神经管 optic canal

鞍背 dorsum sellae

破裂孔 foramen lacerum

*圆孔 foramen rotundum

*卵圆孔 foramen ovale

*棘孔 foramen spinosum

*眶上裂 superior orbital fissure

大翼 greater wings

翼突 pterygoid process

**颞骨 temporal bone

岩部 petrous portion

*乳突 mastoid process

*面神经管 facial canal

肌咽鼓管 musculo-tubal canal

*内耳门 internal acoustic port

*茎突 styloid process

*茎乳孔 stylomastoid foramen

*外耳道 external acoustic meatus

*下颌窝 mandibular fossa

**顶骨 parietal bone

**额骨 frontal bone

**筛骨 ethmoid bone

下鼻甲 inferior nasal concha

泪骨 lacrimal bone

鼻骨 nasal bone

犁骨 vomer

**上颌骨 maxilla

眶下孔 infraorbital foramen

牙槽突 alveolar process

切牙管 incisive canal

*腭骨 palatine bone

*颧骨 zygomatic bone

**下颌骨 mandible

颏孔 mental foramen

冠突 coronoid process

下颌切迹 mandibular incisure

**舌骨 hyoid bone

颅盖 calvaria

外板 outer plate

内板 inner plate

*板障 diploe

**颅前窝 anterior cranial fossa

**颅中窝 middle cranial fossa

**颅后窝 posterior cranial fossa

颞窝 temporal fossa

*颧弓 zygomatic arch

*颞下窝 infratemporal fossa

*翼腭窝 pterygopalatine fossa

*翼点 pterion

*颈动脉管 carotid canal

*颈静脉孔 jugular foramen

腭大孔 greater palatine foramen

**眶 orbit

眶上孔 supraorbital foramen

眶下孔

infraorbital foramen

**骨性鼻腔 bony nasal cavity

**鼻腔 nasal cavity

*鼻旁窦 paranasal sinus

*上颌窦
maxillary sinus

*蝶窦 sphenoidal sinus

*额窦 frontal sinus

*筛窦 ethmoidal sinus

鼻中隔 nasal septum

上(中, 下)鼻道 superior(middle, inferior) nasal meatus

颅囟 cranial fontanelle

前囟 anterior fontanelle

冠状缝 coronary suture

矢状缝 sagital suture

人字缝 lambdoid suture

**颞下颌关节 temporomandibular joint

**肩胛骨 scapula

*肩峰 acromion

*关节盂 glenoid cavity

*喙突 coracoid process

**锁骨 clavicle

**肱骨 humerus

大结节 greater tubercle

小结节 lesser tubercle

*解剖颈 anatomical neck

*外科颈 surgical neck

鹰嘴窝 olecranon fossa

*内上髁 medial epicondyle

**桡骨 radius

环状关节面 articular circumference

**尺骨 ulna

鹰嘴 olecranon

滑车切迹 trochlear notch

**腕骨 carpal bones, carpus

舟骨 scaphoid bone

三角骨 triquetral bone

豌豆骨 pisiform bone

大多角骨 trapezium bone

小多角骨 trapezoid bone

头状骨 capitate bone

钩骨 hamate bone

**掌骨 metacarpal bones

**指骨 phalanges of fingers

*胸锁关节 sternoclavicular joint

**肩关节 shoulder joint

盂唇 glenoid labrum

**肘关节 elbow joint

*桡骨环状韧带 annular ligament of radius

*桡尺近侧关节 proximal radioulnar joint

桡尺远侧关节 distal radioulnar joint

**腕关节 wrist joint

腕掌关节 carpometacarpal joint

掌指关节 metacarpophalangeal joint

指间关节 interphalangeal joint

**髋骨 hip bone

*髋臼 acetabulum

*闭孔 obturater foramen

**髂骨 ilium

髂嵴 ili

ac crest

**坐骨 ischium

**耻骨 pubis

**骨盆 pelvis

**股骨 femur

大转子 greater trochanter

髁间
窝 intercondylar fossa

**髌骨 patella

**胫骨 tibia

髁间隆起 intercondylar eminence

*内踝 medial malleolus

**腓骨 fibula

*外踝 lateral malleolus

**跗骨 tarsal bone, tarsus

距骨 talus

**跟骨 calcaneus

足舟骨 navicular bone

内侧楔骨 medial cuneiform bone

骰骨 cuboid bone

**跖骨 metatarsal bones

**趾骨 phalanges of toes

*耻骨联合 pubic symphysis

*骶髂关节 sacroiliac joint

*骶结节韧带 sacrotuberous ligament

*骶棘韧带 sacrospinous ligament

**髋关节 hip joint

**膝关节 knee joint

*半月板 meniscus

*交叉韧带 cruciate ligaments

**踝关节 ankle joint

跗骨间关节 intertarsal joint

距跟关节 talocalcaneal joint

跗横关节 transverse tarsal joint

跗跖关节 tarsometatarsal joints

跖趾关节 metatarsophalangeal joints



(二)肌肉 muscles

肌学 myology

肌肉系统 muscular system

**肌 muscle

**骨骼肌 skeletal muscle

**肌腹 muscle belly

**肌头 head of muscle

腱膜 aponeurosis

起点 origin

止点 insertion

**筋膜 fascia

*浅筋膜 superficial fascia

*深筋膜 deep fascia

滑膜囊 synovial bursa

*腱鞘 tendinous sheath

**斜方肌 trapezius

**背阔肌 latissimus dorsi

**竖脊肌 erector spinae

胸腰筋膜 thoracolumbar fascia

颈阔肌 platysma

**胸锁乳突肌 sternocleidomastoid

**斜角肌 scalenus

**胸大肌 pectoralis major

*胸小肌 pectoralis minor

*前锯肌 serratus anterior

**膈 diaphragm

**中心腱

central tendon

**腹直肌 rectus abdominis

**腹直肌鞘 sheath of rectus abdominis

白线 linea alba

**腹外斜肌 obliquus externus abdominis

**腹内斜肌
obliquus internus abdominis

**腹横肌 transversus abdominis

**腰大肌 psoas major

**髂腰肌 iliopsoas

**腹股沟韧带 inguinal ligament

*腹股沟管 inguinal canal

腹股沟管浅环 superficial inguinal ring

*面肌 facial muscles

枕额肌 occipitofrontal muscle

帽状腱膜 gelea aponeurotica

**咀嚼肌 masticatory muscles

咬肌 masseter

颞肌 temporalis

**三角肌 deltoid

大圆肌 teres major

小圆肌 teres minor

**肱二头肌 biceps brachii

**肱三头肌 triceps brachii

*肱桡肌 brachioradialis

*旋前圆肌 pronator teres

*桡侧腕屈肌 flexor carpi radialis

*掌长肌 palmaris longus

*尺侧腕屈肌 flexor carpi ulnaris

*指浅屈肌 flexor digitorum superficialis

指深屈肌 flexor digitorum profundus

拇长屈肌 flexor pollicis longus

旋前方肌 pronator quadratus

桡侧腕长伸肌 extensor carpi radialis longus

桡侧腕短伸肌 extensor carpi radialis brevis

指伸肌 extensor digitorum

*旋后肌 supinator

*蚓状肌 lumbricales

*骨间肌 interossei

**臀大肌 gluteus maximus

**梨状肌 piriformis

**股四头肌 quadriceps femoris

**髌韧带 patellar ligament

缝匠肌 sartorius

*股二头肌 biceps femoris

*半腱肌 semitendinosus

*半膜肌 semimembranosus

*腓骨长肌 peroneus longus

*腓骨短肌 peroneus brevis

*胫骨前肌 tibialis anterior

**小腿三头肌 triceps surae

*腓肠肌 gastrocnemius

*比目鱼肌 soleus

*跟腱 tendo calcaneus





内脏学 splanchnology



消化系统 digestive system

**内脏学 splanchnology

**内脏 viscera

**消化

系统 digestive system

**口腔 mouth cavity

**唇 lip

颊 cheek

腭 palatine

*牙 tooth, teeth

牙髓 dental pulp

切牙
incisor teeth

尖牙 canine teeth

前磨牙 premolar teeth

磨牙 molar teeth

恒牙 permanent teeth

乳牙 deciduous teeth

**唾液腺 salivary gland

舌下腺 sublingual gland

下颌下腺 submandibular gland

腮腺 parotid gland

*舌 tongue

味蕾 taste bud, gustatory bud

舌乳头 papillae of tongue

**咽 pharynx

*咽峡 isthmus of fauces

咽腔 cavity of pharynx

*扁桃体 tonsil

**食管 esophagus

**胃 stomach

胃大弯 greater curvature of stomach

胃小弯 lesser curvature of stomach

角切迹 angular incisure

贲门部 cardial part

幽门部 pyloric part

幽门 pylorus

*小肠 small intestine

**十二指肠 duodenum

**空肠 jejunum

**回肠 ileum

**大肠 large intestine

*盲肠 caecum

**阑尾 vermiform appendix

**结肠 colon

*升结肠 ascending colon

*横结肠 transverse colon

*降结肠 descending colon

*乙状结肠 sigmoid colon

**直肠 rectum

**肛门 anus

*肛管 anal canal

**肝 liver

*肝总管 common hepatic duct **胆囊 gallbladder

*胆囊管 cystic duct

**胆总管 common bile duct

**胰 pancreas

胰管 pancreatic duct






*呼吸系统 respiratory system

外鼻 external nose

**喉 larynx

甲状软骨 thyroid cartilage

环状软骨 cricoid cartilage

杓状软骨 arytenoid cartilage

弹性圆锥 conus elasticus

喉肌

laryngeal muscles

会厌 epiglottis

会厌软骨 epiglottic cartilage

喉腔 laryngeal cavity

声门 glottis

**声带 vocal fold

**气管 trachea

**支气管 bronchus

**肺
lung

*肺门 hilum of lung

*支气管肺段 bronchopulmonary segment

**胸腔 thoracic cavity

**胸膜 pleura

**纵隔 mediastinum





(三)泌尿生殖系统 urogenital system

*泌尿生殖系统 urogenital system

**泌尿系统 urinary system

**肾 kidney

*肾盂 renal pelvis

肾盏 renal calices

肾窦 renal sinus

**输尿管 ureter

**膀胱 urinary bladder

*膀胱三角 trigone of bladder

**尿道 urethra

**男性生殖器 male genital organs

**睾丸 testis

白膜 tunica albuginea

**附睾 epididymis

输精管 ductus deferens

**输精管壶腹 ampulla of ductus deferens

*射精管 ejaculatory duct

*精索 spermatic cord

睾丸鞘膜 sheath of testicle

精囊 seminal vesicle

**前列腺 prostate

**阴茎 penis

阴茎头 glans of penis

阴茎包皮 prepuce

尿道外口 external urethral orifice

*阴囊 scrotum

**女性生殖器 female genital organs

**卵巢 ovary

**输卵管 uterine tube

输卵管伞 fimbriae of uterine tube

**子宫 uterus

子宫峡 isthmus of uterus

子宫颈 cervix of uterus

子宫口 ostium of uterus

子宫阔韧带 broad ligament of uterus

**阴道 vagina

处女膜 hymen

阴道穹 fornix of vagina

大阴唇 labia majora

阴道口 vaginal orifice

阴蒂 clitoris

**乳房 mamma, breast

**乳腺 mammary gland

*会阴 perineum

**坐骨肛门窝 ischioanal fossa



(四)腹膜peritoneum

**腹膜 perit

oneum

*腹膜腔 peritoneal cavity

*壁腹膜 parietal peritoneum

*脏腹膜 visceral peritoneum

**网膜 omentum

*大网膜 greater omentum

网膜囊 omental bursa

网膜孔 omental foramen

*肝胃韧带 hepatogastric ligament

*肝十
二指肠韧带 hepatoduodenal ligament

肝镰状韧带 falciform ligament of liver

肝冠状韧带 coronary ligament of liver

*胃脾韧带 gastrosplenic ligament

*脾肾韧带 splenorenal ligament

**肠系膜 mesentery

结肠系膜 mesocolon

阑尾系膜 mesoappendix

胃结肠韧带 gastrocolic ligament

回盲襞 ileocaecal fold

肝肾隐窝 hepatorenal recess

**直肠子宫陷凹 rectouterine pouch

*膀胱子宫陷凹 vesicouterine pouch

*直肠膀胱陷凹 rectovesical pouch




脉管系统 vascular system



**脉管系统 vascular system

**脉管学 angiology

心血管系cardiovascular system

**心血管系 cardiovascular system

**心 heart

**动脉 artery

**静脉 vein

**毛细血管 capillary

吻合 anastomosis

心底 cardiac base

心尖 cardiac apex

*冠状窦 coronary sinus

**右心房 right atrium

右心耳 right auricle

**右心室 right ventricle

右房室口 right atrioventricular orifice

**三尖瓣 tricuspid valve

**左心房 left atrium

左心耳 left auricle

**左心室 left ventricle

**二尖瓣 mitral valve

肉柱 trabeculae carneae

乳头肌 papillary muscles

肌腱 tendinous cords

卵圆窝 oval fossa

*室上嵴 supraventricular crest

动脉圆锥 conus arteriosus

**肺动脉瓣 pulmonary valve

**主动脉瓣 aortic valve

心内膜 endocardium

心肌层 myocardium

心外膜 epicardium

*房间隔 interatrial septum

*室间隔 interventricular septum

**窦房结 sinuatrial node

*房

室结 atrioventricular node

*房室束 atrioventricular bundle

右束支 right bundle branch

左束支 left bundle branch

**心包 pericardium

*肺动脉干 pulmonary trunk

*动脉韧带 arterial ligament

**主动脉 aorta

*升主动脉 ascending aorta

**冠状动脉
coronary arteries

**主动脉弓 aortic arch

头臂干 brachiocephalic trunk

**颈总动脉 common carotid artery

颈动脉小球 carotid glomus

颈动脉窦 carotid sinus

**颈外动脉 external carotid artery

*甲状颈干 thyrocervical trunk

*甲状腺上动脉 superior thyroid artery

舌动脉 lingual artery

面动脉 facial artery

*颞浅动脉 superficial temporal artery

上颌动脉 maxillary artery

**颈内动脉 internal carotid artery

**锁骨下动脉 subclavian artery

胸廓内动脉 internal thoracic artery

腋动脉 axillary artery

*肱动脉 brachial artery

*桡动脉 radial artery

尺动脉 ulnar artery

掌浅弓 superficial palmar arch

*降主动脉 descending aorta

*胸主动脉 thoracic aorta

**腹主动脉 abdominal aorta

**腹腔干 coeliac trunk

**胃左动脉 left gastric artery

**肝总动脉 common hepatic artery

**脾动脉 splenic artery

**肠系膜上动脉 superior mesenteric artery

**肠系膜下动脉 inferior mensenteric artery

*肾动脉 renal artery

*睾丸动脉 testicular artery

*卵巢动脉 ovarian artery

**髂总动脉 common iliac artery

**髂内动脉 internal iliac artery

臀上动脉 superior gluteal artery

臀下动脉 inferior gluteal artery

闭孔动脉 obturator artery

*阴部内动脉 internal pudendal artery

*子宫动脉 uterus artery

**髂外动脉 external iliac artery

*股动脉 femoral artery

股深动脉 profunda femoris artery

帼动脉 popliteal artery

胫前动脉 anterior tibial artery

胫后动脉

posterior tibial artery

足背动脉 dorsal pedal artery

肺静脉 pulmonary vein

**上腔静脉 superior vena cava

头臂静脉(无名静脉) brachiocephalic vein, innominate vein

颈内静脉 internal jugular vein

翼丛 pterygoid plexus

*颈外静脉 external jugular vein

锁骨下静脉 subclavian vein

静脉角 venou
s angle

肱静脉 brachial vein

头静脉 cephalic vein

贵要静脉 basilic vein

肘正中静脉 median cubital vein

*奇静脉 azygos vein

半奇静脉 hemiazygos vein

椎静脉丛 vertebral venous plexus

**下腔静脉 inferior vena cava

髂总静脉 common iliac vein

髂内静脉 internal iliac vein

髂外静脉 external iliac vein

*股静脉 femoral vein

小隐静脉 small saphenous vein

**大隐静脉 great saphenous vein

帼静脉 popliteal vein

**肝门静脉 portal vein

附脐静脉 paraumbilical vein

**肠系膜上静脉 superior mesenteric vein

**脾静脉 splenic vein

**肠系膜下静脉 inferior mensenteric vein

直肠静脉丛 rectal venous plexus




(二)淋巴系统lymphatic system

**淋巴系统 lymphatic system

毛细淋巴管 lymphatic capillary

淋巴管 lymphatic vessels

淋巴干 lymphatic trunks

*淋巴导管 lymphatic ducts

**淋巴结 lymph nodes

**胸导管 thoracic duct

乳糜池 cisterna chyli

腰干 lumbar trunks

肠干 intestinal trunk

**右淋巴导管 right lymphatic duct

*下颌下淋巴结 submandibular lymph nodes

*颈外侧淋巴结 lateral cervical lymph nodes

**锁骨上淋巴结 supraclavicular lymph nodes

*腋淋巴结 axillary lymph nodes

*支气管肺门淋巴结 bronchopulmonary hilar lymph nodes

*腰淋巴结 lumbar lymph nodes

*腹腔淋巴结 coeliac lymph nodes

**肠系膜淋巴结 mesenteric lymph nodes

髂总淋巴结 common iliac lymph nodes

髂外淋巴结 external iliac lymph nodes

髂内淋巴结 internal iliac lymph nodes

*腹股沟淋巴结 inguinal ly

mph nodes

**脾 spleen

**胸腺 thymus



感觉器sensory organs



**感觉器 sensory organs

视器visual organ

**视器 visual organ

**眼 eye

**眼球 eyeball

*巩膜 sclera

**角膜 cornea

脉络膜 choroid

**睫状体 ciliary body

**虹膜 iris

**瞳孔
pupil

**视网膜 retina

*视神经盘 optic disc

*黄斑 macula lutea

虹膜角膜角(前房角) iridocorneal angle

*房水 aqueouse humor

**玻璃体 vitreous body

**晶状体 lens

眼副器 accessory organs of eye

*眼睑 eyelids

**结膜 conjunctiva

**泪腺 lacrimal gland

泪点 lacrimal punctum

泪小管 lacrimal ductule

*泪囊 lacrimal sac

鼻泪管 nasolacrimal duct

*眼球外肌 ocular muscles

眼动脉 ophthalmic artery

(二)前庭蜗器vestibulocochlear organ

**前庭蜗器 vestibulocochlear organ

**耳 ear

外耳 external ear

耳廓 ` auricle

*外耳道 external acoustic meatus



中耳 middle ear

**鼓室 tympanic cavity

*鼓膜 tympanic membrane

*前庭窗 fenestra vestibuli

蜗窗 fenestra cochleae

听小骨 auditory ossicles

**咽鼓管 auditory tube

*乳突窦 mastoid antrum

乳突小房 mastoid cells

内耳 internal ear

*骨迷路 bony labyrinth

*骨半规管 bony semicircular canals

**前庭 vestibule

**耳蜗 cochlea

*膜迷路 membranous labyrinth

*膜半规管 membranous semicircular ducts

**椭圆囊 utricle

**球囊 saccule

**蜗管 cochlear duct

**螺旋器 spiral organ



(三)其他感觉器

嗅器 olfactory organ

味器 gustatory organ

皮肤 skin

表皮 epidermis

真皮 dermis, c

orium

体毛 hairs

毛囊 hair follicle

立毛肌 arrectores pilorum

指甲 nail of finger



神经系统 nervous system



**神经系统 nervous system

**中枢神经系统 central nervous system

**周围神经系统 peripheral nervous system

**神经元 neuron

**神经胶质 neuroglia

*树突 dendrite

*轴突 axon


单极神经元 unipolar neuron

假单极神经元 pseudounipolar neuron

双极神经元 bipolar neuron

多极神经元 multipolar neuron

*感觉神经元 sensory neuron

*运动神经元 motor neuron

*联络神经元 associate neuron

尼氏体 Nissl bodies

神经原纤维 neurofibril

**神经纤维 nerve fiber

神经膜 neurolemma

*髓鞘 myelin sheath

*突触 synapse

突触前部 presynaptic part

突触后部 postsynaptic part

突触间隙 synaptic cleft

突触小泡 synaptic vesicles

*灰质 gray matter

*白质 white matter

*皮质 cortex

*髓质 medulla

**神经核 nucleus

**纤维束 tract

**神经节 ganglion

**神经 nerve

神经内膜 endoneurium

神经束膜 perineurium

神经外膜 epineurium

星形细胞 astrocyte

少突胶质细胞 oligodendrocyte

小胶质 microglia

室管膜 ependyma




周围神经系统 peripheral nervous system

**脊神经 spinal nerves

前根 ventral root

*脊神经节 spinal ganglion

颈神经 cervical nerve

胸神经 thoracic nerve

腰神经 lumbar nerve

骶神经 sacral nerve

尾神经 coccygeal nerve

**颈丛 cervical plexus

**膈神经 phrenic nerve

**臂丛 brachial plexus

胸长神经 long thoracic nerve

胸背神经 thoracodorsal nerve

**肌皮神经 musculocutaneous nerve

**腋神经 axillary nerve

**正中

神经 median nerve

**桡神经 radial nerve

**尺神经 ulnar nerve

*胸神经 thoracic nerves

肋间神经 intercostal nerve

**腰丛 lumbar plexus

腰骶干 lumbosacral trunk

**股神经 femoral nerve

*闭孔神经 obturator nerve

**骶丛 sacral plexus

**坐骨神经 sciatic nerve

**胫神经 tibial nerve

**腓总神经 common peroneal
nerve

*腓浅神经 superficial peroneal nerve

*腓深神经 deep peroneal nerve

*阴部神经 pudendal nerve

**脑神经 cranial nerves

**嗅神经 olfactory nerve

**视神经 optic nerve

*动眼神经 oculomotor nerve

*睫状神经节 ciliary ganglion

**滑车神经 trochlear nerve

**三叉神经 trigeminal nerve

*半月神经节(三叉神经节) semilunar ganglion

*眼神经 ophthalmic nerve

*上颌神经 maxillary nerve

*下颌神经 mandibular nerve

眶下神经 infraorbital nerve

耳颞神经 auriculotemporal nerve

*舌神经 lingual nerve

下牙糟神经 inferior alveolar nerve

**展神经 abducent nerve

**面神经 facial nerve

*鼓索 chorda tympani

*翼腭神经节 pterygopalatine ganglion

*下颌下神经节 submandibular ganglion

**前庭蜗神经 vestibulocochlear nerve

*前庭神经 vestibular nerve

*蜗神经 cochlear nerve

**舌咽神经 glossopharyngeal nerve

**耳神经节 otic ganglion

**迷走神经 vagus nerve

*喉返神经 recurrent laryngeal nerve

喉上神经 superior laryngeal nerve

**副神经 accessory nerve

**舌下神经 hypoglossal nerve

**自主神经系统 autonomic nervous system

内脏神经系统 visceral nervous system

植物性神经系统 vegetative nervous system

**交感神经 sympathetic nerve

**副交感神经 parasympathetic nerve

*交感干 sympathetic trunk

交感干神经节 ganglia of sympathetic trunk

交通支 communicating branches

内脏大神经 greater splanchnic n

erve

内脏小神经 lesser splanchnic nerve



心丛 cardiac plexus

腹腔丛 coeliac plexus

*腹腔神经节 coeliac ganglion

下腹下丛(盆丛) inferior hypogastric plexus

盆内脏神经 pelvic splanchnic nerves


中枢神经系统 central nervous system

**脊髓 spinal cord

脊髓圆锥 conus medullaris

终丝 filum terminal

*马尾 cauda equina

*颈膨大 cervical enlargement

*腰骶膨大 lumbosacral enlargement


前角 anterior horn

后角 posterior horn

中间带 intermediate zone

侧角 lateral horn

前索 anterior funiculus

外侧索 lateral funiculus

后索 posterior funiculus

**网状结构 reticular formation

*胶状质 substantia gelatinosa

**胸核 thoracic nucleus

**薄束 fasciculus gracilis

**楔束 fasciculus cuneatus

**脊髓丘脑束 spinothalamic tract

脊髓小脑束 spinocerebellar tract

**皮质脊髓束 corticospinal tract

**脑 brain

**脑干 brain stem

**延髓 medulla oblongata

*锥体 pyramid

**锥体交叉 pyramidal decussation

*橄榄 olive

*薄束结节 gracilis tubercule

*楔束结节 cuneate tubercule

*小脑下脚 inferior cerebellar peduncle

**脑桥 pons

*小脑中脚 middle cerebellar peduncle

*小脑上脚 superior cerebellar peduncle

**第四脑室 fourth ventricle

*菱形窝 rhomboid fossa

髓纹 striae medullares

内侧隆起 medial eminence

*面神经丘 facial colliculus

*舌下神经三角 hypoglossal trigone

*迷走神经三角 vagal trigone

*前庭区 vestibular area

*听结节 acoustic tubercle

**中脑 midbrain, mesencephalon

*下丘 inferior colliculus

*上丘 superior colliculus

**大脑脚 crus cerebri

*舌下神经核 hypoglossal nucleus

*迷走神经背核 dorsal nucleus of vagus

**内侧丘系交叉 decussa

tion of medial lemniscus

**内侧丘系 medial lemniscus

*三叉神经脊束 spinal trigeminal tract

*三叉神经脊束核 spinal trigeminal nucleus

*孤束核 solitary nucleus

*疑核 ambiguous nucleus

*脑桥核 pontine nuclei

**锥体 束 pyramidal tract

**斜方体 trapezoid body

**外侧丘系 lateral lemniscus

*展神经核 nucleus of abducent nerve

*面神经核 nucleus of facial nerve

蓝斑 locus ceruleus

**中脑水管 cerebral aqueduct

*黑质
substantia nigra

*红核 red nucleus

*滑车神经核 nucleus of trochlear nerve

*动眼神经核 nucleus of oculomotor nerve

中缝核 raphe nuclei

**小脑 cerebellum

**小脑蚓 vermis of cerebellum

**小脑半球 cerebellar hemisphere

古小脑(原小脑) archicerebellum

绒球小结叶 flocculonodular lobe

*原裂 primary fissure

旧小脑 paleocerebellum

新小脑 neocerebellum

*小脑皮质 cerebellar cortex

*齿状核 dentate nucleus

**间脑 diencephalon

**背侧丘脑 dorsal thalamus

腹前核 ventral anterior nucleus

腹中间核 ventral intermediate nucleus

腹后外侧核 ventral posterolateral nucleus

腹后内侧核 ventral posteromedial nucleus

枕 pulvinar

后丘脑 metathalamus

内侧膝状体 medial geniculate body

外侧膝状体 lateral geniculate body

上丘脑 epithalamus

底丘脑 subthalamus

**下丘脑 hypothalamus

**视交叉 optic chiasma

*乳头体 mammillary body

**第三脑室 third ventricle

**端脑 telencephalon

**大脑 cerebrum

**大脑半球 cerebral hemispheres

*外侧沟 lateral sulcus

*中央沟 central sulcus

**额叶 frontal lobe

*中央前沟 precentral sulcus

**中央前回 precentral gyrus

*额下回 inferior frontal gyrus

**顶叶 parietal lobe

*中央后沟 postcentral sulcus

**中央后回 postcentral gyr

us

缘上回 supramarginal gyrus

*角回 angular gyrus

**枕叶 occipital lobe

**颞叶 ` temporal lobe

*颞横回 transverse temporal gyrus

*颞上回 superior temporal gyrus

*岛叶 insula

*中央旁小叶 paracentral lobule

*顶枕沟 parieto-occipital sulcus

*距状沟 calcarine sulcus

海马沟 hippocampal sulcus

*舌回 lingual gyrus

楔叶 cuneus

**边缘叶 limbic lobe

**边缘系统 limbic system

*扣带
回 cingulate gyrus

*海马旁回 parahippocampal gyrus

钩 uncus

海马结构 hippocampal formation

*海马 hippocampus

齿状回 dentate gyrus

**侧脑室 lateral ventricle

**基底核 basal nuclei

*尾状核 caudate nucleus

*豆状核 lenticular nucleus

*壳 putamen

*苍白球 globus pallidus

**纹状体 corpus striatum

屏状核 claustrum

杏仁体 amygdaloid body

联络纤维 association fibers

连合纤维 commisural fibers

投射纤维 projection fibers

**胼胝体 corpus callosum

*穹隆 fornix

**内囊 internal capsule

嗅脑 rhinencephalon

嗅球 olfactory bulb

嗅束 olfactory tract

嗅三角 olfactory trigone

**大脑皮质 cerebral cortex

古皮质 archicortex

旧皮质 paleocortex

新皮质 neocortex

**硬膜 dura mater

*大脑镰 falx cerebri

小脑镰 falx cerebelli

*小脑幕 tentorium cerebelli

幕切迹 tentorial notch

*硬脑膜窦 dural sinus

**蛛网膜 arachnoid

*蛛网膜下隙 subarachnoid space

小脑延髓池 cerebellomedullary cistern

*蛛网膜粒 arachnoid granulation

终池 terminal cistern

**软膜 pia mater

齿状韧带 denticulate ligament

*海绵窦 cavernous sinus

*大脑

前动脉 anterior cerebral artery

**大脑中动脉 middle cerebral artery

*大脑后动脉 posterior cerebral artery

**基底动脉 basilar artery

**大脑动脉环 cerebral arterial circle

*大脑大静脉 great cerebral vein

**脑脊液 cerebrospinal fluid

*脉络丛 choroid plexus



内分泌腺 endocrine glands



**内分泌腺 endocrine glands

**甲状腺 thyroid gland

*甲状旁腺 parathyroid gland

**垂体 hypophysis

**松果体 pineal body

**肾上腺 suprarenal gland

胰岛
pancreatic insula