天津师范大学2019年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：37
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The heat in summer is no less （）here in this mountain region.问题1选项A.concentratedB.extensiveC.intenseD.intensive【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。
concentrated意为“集中的”；extensive意为“广泛的”；intense意为“激烈的，强烈的，非常的”；intensive意为“加强的，集中的”。
句意：这个山区夏天的酷热也同样强烈。
2.单选题You will get to the church more quickly if you take this （）across the fields.问题1选项A.trackB.passageC.hedgeD.journey 【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。
track意为“小路，小道”；passage意为“通道，走廊，段落”；hedge意为“树篱，障碍”；journey意为“旅行，行程”。
句意：如果你走小路穿过这片区域，能更快到教堂。
3.单选题（） the precise qualities of the hero in literary works may vary over time, basic exemplary function of the hero seems to remain constant.问题1选项A.WhateverB.In spite ofC.Even thoughD.Regardless【答案】C【解析】考查让步状语从句。
分析句子，可知逗号后面的为主句，逗号前面的从句主谓完整，缺少一个连接副词连接句子，whatever在句中可作主语与宾语，从句中的谓语动词may vary后面不需要接宾语了，因此用Even though。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：69
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Nanotechnology seems to hold the key that allows construction and building materials to（）the features of natural systems improved until perfection during millions of years.问题1选项A.replicateB.copycatC.pirateD.borrow【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
replicate意为“复制，再生”；copycat意为“盲目模仿者”；pirate意为“盗窃”；borrow意为“借用”。
句意：纳米技术似乎掌握着关键，使建筑和建筑材料能够复制自然系统的特征，在数百万年中不断改善直到完美。
2.单选题It gave me a strange feeling of excitement to see my name in （）.问题1选项A.newsB.printC.publicationD.press【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。
news意为“新闻，消息”；print意为“印刷业，印记”；publication意为“出版”；press意为“新闻，出版社”。
in print意为“印出来”。
句意：当看到我的名字出现在出版物上时，我有一种奇怪的兴奋感。
3.单选题Military orders are（）and cannot be disobeyed.问题1选项A.defectiveB.submissiveC.alternativeD.imperative【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。
defective意为“有缺陷的，不完美的”；submissive意为“顺从的”；alternative意为“替代的”；imperative意为“必要的，不可避免的”。
历年曲师大博士考试题 英语
历年曲师大博士考试题英语1. What is your understanding of the current situation and future development trend of English education in China?English education in China is currently facing both challenges and opportunities. On the one hand, there is a growing demand for English learning due to globalizationand the importance of English as a global language. On the other hand, there are still issues such as the imbalance between urban and rural education resources, the lack of qualified English teachers, and the heavy emphasis on exams rather than practical language skills.In the future, I believe that English education in China will continue to expand and evolve, with a greater focus on practical communication skills and a more student-centered approach. There will also be an increased emphasis on the use of technology in language learning, as well as the integration of cultural understanding and global awareness into English curriculum.中国目前的英语教育面临着挑战和机遇。
博士生英语试(第一学期)
2001 —2002 学年第一学期期末考试试卷（A 卷）科目：博士生英语学院：专业：Directions: Listen to the passage and then fill in the blanks numbered from (1) to (7) with the exact words you have heard. For blanks numbered from (8) to (10) fill in the missing information. You can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words.Psychologists have been interested in the processes of learning and forgetting since the early days of the discipline. The researcher who (1)________ this field, Hermann Ebbinghaus, invented the nonsense syllable in order to be able to (2) ________ “pure”learning, that is, learning free of meaning, and the (3) ________atwhich we forget.He served as his own (4) ________ and learned an (5) ________number of lists of nonsense syllables. He used material with little or no meaning because he was aware that learning new information is (6) ________ by what we already know. He decided to create learning situations that were free of (7) ________ knowledge.The way that we forget is highly predictable, following what psychologists call the forgetting curve. When we acquire knowledge, much of our forgetting occurs right away. (8) ________ over half of the nonsense material he learned was forgotten within an hour. Although he forgot within a day almost two thirds of the material he learned, retention of the material did not decline much beyond that period. (9) ________Ebbinghaus’s forg etting curve is actually much more dramatic than a forgetting curve would be for meaningful material. When the learner is able to connect newinformation with old information, he still might forget what was learned, but (10) ________.II. Vocabulary: (25%):A. Directions: Fill in the blanks with words chosen from the box. Change forms where necessary. There are more words than necessary.2. The powers of a judge are ______ by law.3. The need for survival takes ______ over entertainments.4. Even the police can not always ______ truth from lies.5. His research in biology has very ______ applications.6. Farmers ______ the soil with organic and inorganic manures.7. The ads ______ me to buy a computer I don’t really need.8. Some people ______ possessions more than friends.9. I was ______ by his last words to me.10. The ghost story ______ in this neighborhood.11. Up to now, the South Pole is still not ______.12. You must ______ your claim with facts.13. We must take ______ and resolute action.14. I was ______ by his fulsome flattery.15. He has the degree and experience, so he is quite ______ for this position.B. Directions: Choose a phrasal verb in the box and complete the sentences in their proper forms.1. The dishonest builder ______ a poorly-built house by pretending it was wellconstructed.2. I don’t think I would ever ______ the so-called modern art.3. He doesn’t only ______ money; he spends his whole life in looking after thepoor.4. For years John kept ______new and good ideas.5. The typist ______ the letter in short-hand.6. As soon as she arrived she ______ tidying up the room.7. The police are ______ the records of all those involved in the crime.8. Considering his poor health, I thought it would be wise for him to ______ thesouth in winter.9. We haven’t got enough bread to go around, so somebody will have to ______.10. Careless handling of international relations can ______ a war.III. Reading Comprehension (20%)Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneHumans are forever forgetting that they can't control nature. Exactly 20 years ago, a magazine cover story announced that "scientists are on the verge of being able to predict the time, place and even the size of earthquakes". The people of quake-ruined Kobe learned last week how wrong that assertion was.None of the methods praised two decades ago have succeeded. Even now, scientists have yet to discover a uniform warning signal that precedes all quakes, let alone any sign that would tell whether the coming quake is mild or killer. Earthquake formation can be triggered by many factors, says Hiroo Kanamori, a seismologist (地震学家) at the California Institute of Technology. So, finding one all-purpose warning sign is impossible. One reason: Quakes start deep in the earth, so scientist can't study them directly.If a quake precursor (预兆) were found, it would still be impossible to warn humans in advance of all dangerous quakes. Places like Japan and California are filledwith hundreds, if not thousands, of minor faults. It is impossible to place monitoring instruments on all of them. And these inconspicuous sites can be just as deadly as their better-known cousins like the San Andreas. Both the Kobe and the 1994 Northridge quakes occurred on small faults.Prediction would be less important if scientists could easily build structures to withstand every new quake reveals unexpected weaknesses in "quake-resistant" structure, says Terry Tullis, a geophysical at Brown University. In Kobe, for example, a highway that opened only last year was damaged.In the Northridge earthquake, on the other hand, well-built structures generally did not collapse. But engineers have since found hidden problems in 120 steel-frame buildings that survived. Such structures are supposed to sway with the earth rather than crumple (崩溃). They may have swayed, but the quake also unexpectedly weakened the joints in their steel skeletons. If the shaking had been longer or stronger, the buildings might have collapsed.A recent report in Science adds yet more anxiety about life on the fault lines. Researchers can computer simulations to see how quake-resistant buildings would fare in a moderate-size tremor, taking into account that much of a quake's energy travels in a large "pulse of focused shaking". The results: Both steel-frame buildings and buildings that sit on insulating rubber pads suffered severe damage.More research will help experts design stronger structures and possibly find quake pressures. But it is still a certainty that the next earthquake will prove once again that every fault cannot be monitored and every highway cannot be completely quake-proofed.1. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Scientists have not discovered one single warning sign for all quakes.B. Scientists have not yet discovered any sign that would tell the size of quakes.C. Scientists claimed that they had found some methods of predicting earthquakes,but they didn't work.D. The methods scientists boasted of 20 years ago of predicting quakes didn'tproduce desired results.2. According to the passage, quakes ______.A. can in no way be studied fullyB. can be warned of beforehandC. can trigger minor faultsD. on small faults cannot possibly be as deadly as those best known quakes3. It is implied in the passage that ______.A. well-erected structures do not collapseB. the existent quake-resistant buildings need to be redesignedC. steel-frame buildings survive any earthquakesD. seismic (地震的) engineering has improved well enough for structures to resistquakes4. The best tide for this passage could be ______.A. "Nature Is Beyond Human's Control"B. "No Method or Stronger Structures Are Founds to Predict and WithstandQuakes"C. "Can't We Predict Earthquakes?"D. "Earthquake, Hard to Predict!"5. It is impossible to warn of all dangerous quakes in advance because ______.A. small faults can trigger just as fatal quakesB. nothing is found that precedes and shows quakes' comingC. no structures will withstand quakesD. all of the abovePassage TwoConcern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working than ever before in France. In the cities the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappearing. Offices, shops, and factories are discovering the great efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunchrooms. In almost all lines of work emphasis now falls on ever-increasing output. Thus the "typical" Frenchman produces more, earns more, and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of only a generation ago. He gains in creature comforts and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness, or individuality.Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the United States is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so-called Americanization of France has its critics. They fear that "assembly-line life" will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely (but less productive) old French style. What Mil happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, andthe cultivation of the good things in life -- to joy in the smell of a freshly picked apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in a local card?Since the late 1950s life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and the pursuit of material gain. Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is threatened by the triumph of this competitive, goods-oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence.In spite of the critics, however, countess Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modern economic world. They find that the present life brings more rewards, conveniences, and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modern, industrial France is preferable to the old.6. Which of the following is a feature of the old French way of life?A. Leisure, elegance, and efficiency.B. Leisure, elegance, and taste.C. Grace, efficiency and taste.D. Romance, efficiency and elegance.7. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about Frenchmen?A .They actually enjoy working at the assembly line.B. They are more concerned with money than before.C. Many of them prefer the modern lifestyle.D. They are more competitive than the old generation.8. The passage suggests that ______.A. it's now unlikely to see a Frenchman enjoying a stroll by the riverB. great changes have occurred in the lifestyle of all FrenchmenC. in pursuing material gains the French are suffering losses elsewhereD. the French are fed up with the smell of freshly picked apples9. Which of the following is TRUE about the critics?A. Student critics have, on occasion, resorted to violent means against the trend.B. Critics are greater in the number than people enjoying the new way of life.C. Critics are concerned solely with the present mad not the future.D. Student critics are greater in number than critics in other fields.10. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Criticism of the new lifestyle.B. Changes in the French way of life.C. The Americanization of France.D. Features of the new way of life. Part IV Cloze (10%)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Before the 20th century the horse provided day to day transportation in the United States. Trains were used only for long-distance transportation.Today the car is the most popular 1 of transportation in all of the United States. It has completely 2 the horse as a means of everyday transportation. Americans use their car for 3 90 percent of all personal 4 .Most Americans are able to __ 5 cars. The average price of a 6 made car was，500 in 1950，740 in 1960 and up 7 750 in 1975. During this period American car manufacturers set about 8 their products and work efficiency. Meanwhile，the yearly income of the 9 family increased from 1950 to 197510 than the price of cars. For this reason，11 a new car takes a smaller 12 of a family’s total earnings today.In 1951 13 it took 8.1 months of an average family’s 14 to buy a new car. In 1962, a new car 15 8.3 of a family’s annual earnings. By 1975 it only took 4.75 16 income. In addition，the 1975 cars were technically 17 to models from previous years.The 18 of the automobile extends throughout the economy 19 the car is so important to Americans. Americans spend more money 20 their cars running than on any other item.1. A. kinds B. means C. mean D. types2. A. denied B. reproduced C. replaced D. ridiculed3. A. hardly B. nearly C. certainly D. somehow4. A. trip B. works C. business D. travel5. A. buy B. sell C. race D. see6. A. quickly B. regularly C. rapidly D. recently7. A. on B. to C. in D. about8. A. raising B. making C. reducing D. improving9. A. unusual B. interested C. average D. big10. A. slowest B. equal C. faster D. less11. A. bringing B. obtaining C. having D. purchasing12. A. part B. half C. number D. side13. A. clearly B. proportionally C. obviously D. suddenly14. A. income B. work C. plants D. debts15. A. used B. spent C. cost D. needed16. A. months B. dollar C. family D. year17. A. famous B. quick C. superior D. inferior18. A. running B. notice C. influence D. discussion19. A. then B. so C. as D. which20. A. starting B. leaving C. keeping D. repairingV. Translation (20%)Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese1. What both students and teachers are experiencing is the recognition that the more complex structures one encounters in a language are not as vital as making oneself understood and so have a less immediate field of application.2. The principal of a great Philadelphia high school is driven to cry out for help in combating the notion that it is undemocratic to run a special program of studies for outstanding boys and girls.3. Once an idea or a belief about ourselves goes into this picture it becomes “true”, as far as we personally are concerned.4. We put our children at risk for short-term stress disorders and long-term personality problems when we ignore their individuality and impose our own priorities “for their own good.”VI. Writing (10%)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay arguing that environmental pollution is a criminal behavior. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese.Is Environmental Pollution a Crime?1．破坏生态环境是一种犯罪行为2．破坏生态给人类造成经济损失及生存危机3．保护环境人人有责Answer SheetI. Listening Comprehension:1. __________2. __________3. __________4. __________5. __________6. __________7. __________8. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 9. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 10. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ II. VocabularyA: 1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________ 6. _________ 7. ________ 8. _________ 9. ________ 10. ________ 11. ________ 12. _______ 13. ________ 14. _______ 15. ________ B: 1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________ 6. _________ 7. ________ 8. _________ 9. ________ 10. ________ III. Reading Comprehension:1. __________2. __________3. __________4. __________5. __________6. _________7. ________8. _________9. ________ 10. ________ Part IV Cloze1. __________2. __________3. __________4. __________5. __________6. _________7. ________8. _________9. ________ 10. ________ 11. ________ 12. _______ 13. ________ 14. _______ 15. ________ 16. ________ 17. _______ 18. ________ 19. _______ 20. ________ V. Translation1. ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________2. ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________3. ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________4. ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________VI. Composition:_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________KeysI. Listening Comprehension: （15%）(前7题每题1分；第8题2分；第9、10题每题3分)(1) pioneered (2) assess (3) rate (4) subject (5) incredible (6) influenced (7) prior(8) Ibbinghaus discovered that a significant amount of information was forgottenwithin twenty minutes of learning.(9) In other words, if information is retained for a day, the knowledge was there tostay.(10) the amount and speed of forgetting is likely to be less than what Ibbinghausexperienced.II. Vocabulary (25): (每题1分)A. 1. credit 2. defined 3. priority 4. discern 5. practical 6. enrich 7. induced8. cherish 9. haunted 10. prevails 11. inhabited 12. verify 13. immediate14. disgusted 15. eligibleB. 1. passed off 2. take to 3. give away 4. coming up with 5. took down6. set about7. looking into8. make for9. go without 10. set offIII. Reading Comprehension: （20%）（每题2分）1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．A 10．BPart IV Cloze （10%）（每题0.5分）1. B2.C3. B4.A5.A6.B7.B8.B9.C 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14. A 15.C16.A 17. C 18.C 19.B 20.CV. Translation （20%）(每句5分)1. 不管是学生还是老师，他们现在都经历着这样一个认知过程，即我们在某种语言中所碰到的比较复杂的结构对于表达自己的意思来说并不是那么不可或缺，因此它们的应用范围也就不那么直接。
天津大学考博英语真题整理及考试方式
天津大学考博英语真题整理及考试方式一、考试方式考试采用笔试方式 时间为180分钟 满分为100分。
二、考试内容与试卷结构试题共分为五个部分 听力理解、选词填空、阅读理解、英汉翻译、写作。
1、听力理解该部分测试考生听力理解的技能及对英语口语信息的短期记忆能力 考查考生判断对话场景、人物关系及身份 理解说话者的意图、观点或态度 理解话语要点和含义 获取具体信息 理解中心思想等方面的能力。
考生听过一段对话后 回答所提问题 录音只放一遍。
该部分共10小题 考生从每题给出的4个选项中 选出最佳答案。
每小题1分 共10分。
（PS：育明考博课程咨询方式 扣扣：547.063 .862 TEL：四零零六六八六九七八 有售各院校真题）2、选词填空该部分考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素的掌握程度 包括词汇、短语和句子结构以及对语段特征的辨识能力 如衔接与连贯等。
此题中在一篇文章中留出10个空白要求考生从所提供的15个词汇中选出最佳答案 使填空后的文章意义通顺、连贯 结构完整。
该部分共10小题 每题1分 共10分。
3、阅读理解A. 该部分考查考生对书面英语的理解能力 其中包括理解具体信息 掌握文章大意 以及根据语境推断未知信息。
该部分共3篇文章 每篇文章5个问题 考生从4个选项中选出最佳答案。
每篇文章约600词左右 每题2分 共30分。
B. 该部分为一篇文章 其中有5段空白 文章后有7~8段文字。
考生根据文章内容选择合适的段落填入文章的空白处。
该部分共5题 每题2分 共10分。
4.翻译个部分翻译成汉语。
主要测试考生是否能从语篇的角度正确理解英语原句的意思 并能用准确、达意的汉语书面表达出来 共20分。
5、写作该部分考查考生的书面表达能力。
要求考生根据提示信息、所给题目或所提供的图或 表格等写出一篇说明或议论型短文或根据提供的一篇文章写出其摘要。
文章应主题明确有逻辑性语言规范长度不少于200词共20分。
天津大学博士研究生入学考试非英语专业考试大纲样题Part I. Listening Comprehension (10 %)Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. A) He has proved to be a better reader than the woman.B) He has difficulty understanding the book.C) He cannot get access to the assigned book.D) He cannot finish his assignment before the deadline.2. A) She will drive the man to the supermarket. B) The man should buya car of his own. C) The man needn't go shopping every week.D) She can pick the man up at the grocery store.Part IV Banked Cloze (10 %)Directions: Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words from the Word Bank. You may not use any of the words more than once. You have seen a friend succeed. No doubt you feel joy at this.You love your friend,and maybe you even helped him accomplish his goal. ____1____, there is another feeling, a dark feeling, within you. You begin to wish that it was youthis envious feeling starts off like a tiny seed. But then, like aseed, it grows. It threatens to ____2____ you. Of course you feel bad about your feelings, as they have become a(n) ____3____ to your friendship. Still, there doesn't seem to be anything that you can do. Facing your friend invariably leads to more ____4____ between you. Avoiding him just seems to ____5____ the gulf between you.Instead of feeling ____6____ about your envy or hating your friend, you should take a different ____7___. Use your friend's success as a challenge. He has succeeded. This means that you can succeed as well. By thinking this way, you are ____8____ your feelings and redirecting them into a course of action that won't ruin your friendship. Remember that friendships can ____9_____ friendly competition. You cannot, however, maintain your friendship if you ____10____ envy.A) approach B) goal C) tension D) harbor E) remainF) survive G) harnessing H) widen I) overwhelm J) overtakeK) establish L) still M) guilty N) responsible O) handicapPart III. Reading Comprehension (40%)Part A.Directions: In this part there are three passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long periodotherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of thefamilies who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality.Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choicefor the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn’t take in thestranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especiallyin the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. "I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invitedme home for dinner—amazing." Such observations reported by visitors to the US arenot uncommon, but are not always understood properly.The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed society, in America a complexset of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily meanthat someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to "translate" cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word "friend", the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor’s language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue1、In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ___________.A. rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the USB) small-minded officials deserve a serious commentC) Canadians are not so friendly as their neighborsD. most Americans are ready to offer help2、It could be inferred from the last paragraph that ___________.A) culture exercises an influence over social interrelationshipB) courteous convention and individual interest are interrelatedC) various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friendsD) social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions3、Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers ___________.A) to improve their hard lifeB) in view of their long-distance travelC) to add some flavor to their own daily lifeD) out of a charitable impulse4、The tradition of hospitality to strangers ___________.A) tends to be superficial and artificialB) is generally well kept up in the united StatesC) is always understood properlyD) has something to do with the busy tourist trails5、What’s the author’s attitudes toward the American’s friendliness?A) Favorable.B) Unfavorable.C) Indifferent. D) Neutral.Part BDirections: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A-H to fit into eachuse. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10%)From her vantage point she watched the main doors swing open and the first arrivals pour in.Those who had been at the head of the line paused momentarily on entry, looked around curiously, then quickly moved forward as others behind pressed in. Within moments the central public area of the big branch bank was filled with a chattering, noisy crowd. The building, relatively quiet less than a minute earlier, had become a Babel. Edwina saw a tall heavyset black man wave some dollar bills and declare loudly, "I want to put my money in the bank".1.It seemed as if the report about everyone having come to open an account had been accurate after all.Edwina could see the big man leaning back expansively, still holding his dollar bills. His voice cut across the noise of other conversations and she heard him proclaim, "I'm in no hurry. There's something I'd like you to explain." Two other desks were quickly manned by other clerks. With equal speed, long wide lines of people formed in front of them.Normally, three members of staff were ample to handle new account business, but obviously were inadequate now. Edwina could see Tottenhoe on the far side of the bank and called him on the intercom. She instructed, "Use more desks for new account and take all the staff you can spare to man them."2.Tottenhoe grumbled in reply, "You realize we can't possibly process all these people today, and however many we do will tie us up completely." "I' ve an idea," Edwina said, "that's what someone has in mind. Just hurry the processing all you can."3.security, and family matters. A specimen signature was obtained. Then proof of identity was needed. After that, the new accounts clerk would take all documents to an officer of the bank for approval and initialing. Finally, a savings passbook was made out or a temporary checkbook issued.Therefore the most new accounts that any bank employee could open in an hour were five, so the three clerks presently working might handle a total of ninety in one business day, if they kept going at top speed, which was unlikely. 4.Still the noise within the bank increased. It had become an uproar. A further problem was that the growing mass of arrivals in the central public area of the bank was preventing access to tellers' counters by other customers. Edwina could see a few of them outside, regarding the milling scene with consternation. While she watched, several gave up and walked away.Inside the bank some of the newcomers were engaging tellers in conversation and the tellers, having nothing else to do because of the melee, chatted back. Two assistant managers had gone to the central floor area and were trying to regulate the flood of people so as to clear some space at counters. They were having small success.5.She decided it was time for her own intervention. Edwina left the platform and a railed-off staff area and, with difficulty, made her way through the milling crowd to the main front door.A. Yet she knew however much they hurried it would still take ten to fifteen minutes to open any single new account. It always did. The paperwork required that time.B. But still no hostility was evident. Everyone in the now jam-packed bank who was spoken to by members of the staff answered politely and with a smile. It seemed,C. It's an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database.D. Even leaning close to the intercom, it was hard to hear above the noise.E. Even tripling ate present complement of clerks would permit very few more than two hundred and fifty accounts (o be opened in a day, yet already, in the first few minutes of business, the bank was crammed with at least four hundred people, with still more flooding in, and the line outside, which Edwina rose to check, appeared as long as ever.F. Obviously someone had alerted the press in advance, which explained the presence of the TV camera crew outside. Edwina wondered who had done it.G. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise.H. A security guard directed him, "Over there for new accounts." The guard pointed to a desk where a clerk - a young girl - sat waiting. She appeared nervous. The big man walked toward her, smiled reassuringly, and sat down. Immediately a press of others moved into a ragged line behind him, waiting for their turn.Part IV Translation (20%)Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese. Your translation should be written carefully on the ANSWER SHEET. In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror — the glass in the roofof a greenhouse which allows the sun’s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.According to a weather experts prediction, the atmosphere will be 3℃ warmer in2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up tookplace, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres andseverely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to greatchanges in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of earth’schief food-growing zones.In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arcticbecause the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts arenow paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees ofwarming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fiftyyears from the burning of fuels. Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. Theevidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbondioxide warms the earth.However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem tobe falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather haveexceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effectweather?One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station havestudied the hot spots and “cold” spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sunrotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or “colder” faces to the earth, and different aspects todifferent parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of theearth’s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over along term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions andthe actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is thatthe models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One wayof solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solareffects overcome the inertia (惯性) of the earth's climate. If this is right, the warming effect ofcarbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the sun’s diminishing heat.Part V. Writing (20%)Directions: People are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of health.中国考博辅导首选学校different ways to stay healthy. Some exercise everyday; others try to keep abalanced diet; stillothers try to keep happy all the time. What do you think is the best way to stayhealthy?Write an essay of about 200 words about the following topic:The Best Way to Stay HealthyYou are to write in three paragraphs:1. The importance of health2. Different people have different ideas about staying healthy3. What you think is the best way to stay healthy本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：74
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Glass （）provide a useful function in sectioning off and enclosing an area when the desired effect is to maintain visual transparency.问题1选项A.separationsB.segregationsC.partitionsD.isolations【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。
separation意为“分离，分开”；segregation意为“隔离”；partition意为“划分”；isolation意为“隔离”。
句意：玻璃分割提供一个有用的功能，在切断和包围某一区域时，所预期的效果是保持视觉的透明度。
2.单选题To （）is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment.问题1选项A.conserveB.conceiveC.convertD.contrive【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
conserve意为“保护，保藏，保存”；conceive意为“想象，设想”；convert 意为“（使）转变”；contrive意为“设计，发明”。
句意：保存就是节约与保护，把我们现在享有的好的条件留给其他人来共享。
3.单选题Teaching children to be （）in both technology and basic skills like writing by hand is a balancing act that is as much a task for parents as for teachers.问题1选项A.proficientB.adeptC.capableD.suitable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。
2019年天津师范大学学科教学(英语)考研复试拟录取名单公示
65.52
74.09
全日制
35
王玺
100659013812126
383
70.14
74.02
全日制
36
王程艳
100659013823407
384
69.20
73.76
全日制
37
王艳
100659013811330
394
64.10
72.92
全日制
38
马海燕
100659013829507
328
69.28
75.15
全日制
26
张杏
100659013816711
397
68.76
75.14
全日制
27
宋浩然
100659013812122
395
68.98
74.99
全日制
28
任昱瞳
100659013820217
378
73.66
74.82
全日制
29
张鑫
100659013823118
394
68.68
74.75
全日制
学科教学（英语）专业拟录取考生公示
序号
姓名
考生编号
初试成绩
复试成绩
（百分制）
总成绩
学习方式
备注
1
白金
100659013806530
410
81.36
81.74
全日制
2
王雪茹
100659013806525
403
82.86
81.50
全日制
3
翟嫣然
100659013816319
414
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：87
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Body paint or face paint is used mostly by men in pre literate societies in order to attract good health or to （）disease.问题1选项A.set asideB.ward offC.shrug offD.give away【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。
set aside意为“留作……之用，置……于不顾”；ward off意为“躲开，防止（危险、疾病等）”；shrug off意为“把……不当回事，对……置之不理”；give away意为“捐赠，错失，泄露”。
句意：在前文化社会中，身体涂料或脸部彩绘主要是用来保持身体健康或者抵御疾病。
2.单选题One effect of the （）economy of 2009 on state and local governments is a decrease in income, sales, and property tax revenues.问题1选项A.prosperousB.sluggishC.substantialD.pervasive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
prosperous意为“繁荣的，兴旺的”；sluggish意为“缓慢的，迟缓的”；substantial意为“大量的，重大的”；pervasive意为“遍布的，普遍的”。
句意：2009年经济发展缓慢对国家和地方政府的影响是收入、销售和财产税收入的减少。
3.单选题How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boy's hair in the same way as lie used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friend think we are odd or dull.What cause fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.There is also cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again. Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do our hair the way you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy" look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances, and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you don't look like the latest fashion photo. Look around, you and you'll see that no else does either!1.The author thinks that people are （）.2.Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to（）.3.Causes of fashions are（）.4.Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes （）.5.Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?问题1选项A.satisfied with their appearanceB.concerned about appearance in old ageC.far from neglecting what is in fashionD.reluctant to follow the trends in fashion问题2选项A.confidence in lifeB.personal dressC.individual hair styleD.personal future问题3选项A.uniformB.variedC.unknownD.inexplicable问题4选项A.uniformityB.formalityrmalityD.individuality问题5选项A.Care about appearance in formal situations.B.Fashion in formal and informal situations.C.Ignoring appearance in informal situations.D.Ignoring appearance in all situations.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。
天津大学博士入学考试英语试题范例
天津大学博士入学考试英语试题范例I Dictation (20%)Direction: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read four times. During the first reading, the passage will be read at normal speed and you are supposed to listen only and try to have a general understanding of it. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phase with an interval of 12-15 seconds. The last reading will be done at the normal speed again for you to check up.II V ocabulary and Structure (10%)Directions: There are 20 sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Circle the one that best completes the sentence.1. It was very kind of you to get me something for my birthday, but you ____ me such an expensive present.[A] didn't need buying [B] needn't buy [C] needn't have bought [D] hadn't needed to buy2. The ____ of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.[A] manifestation [B] implementation [C] expedition [D] demonstration3. He is holding a ____ position in the company and expects to be promoted soon.[A] subordinate [B] succeeding [C] successive [D] subsequent4. In American universities, classes are often arranged in more flexible ____ and many jobs on campus are reserved for students.[A] scales [B] ranks [C] grades [D] patterns5. The government gave a very ____ explanation of its plan for economic development.[A] comprehensive [B] compound [C] considerable [D] complacent6. In my opinion, you can widen the ____ of these improvements through your active participation.[A] dimension [B] volume [C] magnitude [D] scope7. No Tobacco Day is the day when the world Health Organization ____ to people to stop using tobacco products.[A] asks [B] applies [C] appeals [D] urges8. The dentist's confident manner ____ me that I was in safe hands.[A] insured [B] assured [C] ensured [D] secured9. We prefer that the plan ____ before being put into execution.[A] be fully discussed [B] must be fully discussed [C] will be fully discussed [D] is fully discussed10. The sound of footsteps on the bare floor ____ the downstairs neighbors.[A] disturbed [B] interrupted [C] annoyed [D] irritated11. I asked him for a job ____ the impression that he was the head of the firm，but he wasn't.[A] with [B] under [C] in [D] of12. It's no good ____ remember grammatical rules. You need to practice what you have learned.[A] trying to [B] try to [C] to try to [D] tried to13. The dictator relied on abuse of its opponents ____ on sounding reasoning.[A] more than [B] rather than [C] other than [D] better than14. To make the best and the most efficient of your time and to achieve your goals，start each day by ____ your agenda.[A] holding on [B] making out [C] keeping on [D] taking down15. Once the question is put, we know try to obtain the answer.[A] to proceed in direction to[B] where direction proceed to[C] in which direction to proceed to[D] which direction proceed toward16. During the opera's most famous aria, the tempo chosen by the orchestra's conductor seemed ____, without necessary relation to what had gone before[A] tedious [B] melodious [C] capricious [D] moderation17. It is time the nations of the world ____ a halt to the manufacture of nuclear weapons.[A] would call [B] call [C] called [D] will call18.When the drops were placed in the patient's eyes, his pupils became ____.[A] dilated [B] smaller [C] irritated [D] sensible19. To visit zoos that simulate the natural habitats of animals ____ of great interest to zoologists.[A] are [B] be [C] were [D] is20. Mr. Smith ____ with the government for thirty-seven years by the time he retires.[A] will work [B] will have worked [C] will be working [D] will have been workedIII Sentence Transformation (20%)Directions: Rewrite each of the following sentences by using the word (s) below it so that each new sentence means roughly the same as the original one. In some instances it may be necessary to change the tense of the given word (s).1. He is warm-hearted, but this doesn't mean that he is bright.（follow）___________________________________________________2. The manager has asked me to consider this proposal carefully.（consideration）____________________________________________3. The garden is too small for a swimming pool.（room）_____________________________________________4. Increasing the tax on household goods is bound to cause trouble.It's asking __________________________________________5. The museum is closed this afternoon.There is _____________________________________________6. Don't touch those wires in any circumstances.Under _______________________________________________7. The small number of potential buyers does not provide a sufficiently large market for this kind of apparatus.（enough）___________________________________________8. I was finally able to convince him of its value.I finally succeeded _______________________________________9. Film makers understandably lose much of their interest in the genre.（appeal to ）_____________________________________________10. Not all of the people like this movie.（popular）________________________________________________IV Cloze （10%）Directions: Read through the following passage and then decide which of the choices given below could correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Circle the correct choice for each blank.An interesting theory in economics is 1 by the Head Man of a small mountain tribe. If seems that this tribe was very good at making straw mats that had great sales 2 in the 3 market. The representative of an American company went to visit the tribe and tried to make a good business deal. He 4 to the Head Man and 5 that his company would like to 6 several thousand pieces.Undoubtedly, he said, the business 7 would be 8 to the tribe. After some thoughts, the Head Man 9, but announced that the price per piece would be 10 in such a 11 order than it would be if 12 a small order were placed. The represntative was 13 than a little shocked 14 the business sense of the Head Man 15 insisted that the price should be 16 because of the large volume, and 17 not higher. No, replied the head of the tribe 18. But why not? asked the American. Because 19 is so tiresome to make the 20 article over and over, answered the Head Man.1. A. illustrated B. appreciated C. demonstrated D. anticipated2. A. capacity B. potential C. ability D. fortune3. A. straw B. global C. world D. earth4. A. addressed B. spoke C. asked D. told5. A. declared B. confirmed C. demanded D. gestured6. A. order B. sell C. dispose D. make7. A. treaty B. pact C. matter D. deal8. A. effective B. efficient C. valuable D. profitable9. A. agreed B. accepted C. refused D. received10. A. lower B. higher C. expensive D. cheaper11. A. small B. big C. vast D. high12. A. certainly B. really C. only D. simply13. A. greater B. stronger C. less D. more14. A. from B. of C. at D. since15. A. who B. and C. then D. therefore16. A. lower B. higher C. little D. raised17. A. never B. really C. certainly D. yet18. A. weakly B. happily C. stubbornly D.hesitatingly19. A. he B. it C. what D. work20. A. similar B. beautiful C. alike D. sameV Reading Comprehension （20%）Directions: In this part there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.1A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn't take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.Today there are many charitable organizations that specialized in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner-amazing. Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to translate cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word friend, the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor's language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.1. The word observation in the first paragraph most probably means[A] attention. [B] watchfulness. [C] survey. [D] opinion.2. People in frontier settlements used to entertain travelers because these strangers would______.[A] bring good news from outside world.[B] help locals solve their problems.[C] bring a change to the life in the settlements.[D] requires a different definition.3. Nowadays the tradition of friendliness to strangers______.[A] is still prevailing.[B] can rarely be seen[C] is wading fast[D] requires a different definition4. According to the passage, which of the following is true?[A] People are still fond of traveling to remote places.[B] Foreign travelers now keep away from busy tourist trails.[C] There is no charitable organization in small cities.[D] Foreign visitors to the US have trouble understanding American's friendliness.5. From the last paragraph of the passage we have learned that______[A] the ability of speaking a foreign language implies a better understanding of its culture.[B] various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends.[C] culture exercises a great influence on social interrelationships.[D] courteous convention and individual interest are closely interrelated.2It is well known that when an individual joins a group he tends to accept the group's standards of behavior and thinking. He is expected to behave in accordance with these norms-in other words the group expects him to conform. Many illustrations could be given of this from everyday life, but what is of particular interest to psychologists is the extent to which people's judgments and opinions can be changed as a result of group pressure.In a typical experiment, the experimenter asks for volunteers to join a group that is investigating visual perception. The victims are not, therefore, aware of the real purpose of the experiment. Each volunteer is taken to a room where he finds a group of about seven people who are collaborating with the experimenter. The group is shown a standard card which contains a single line. They are then asked to look at a second card. This has three lines on it. One is obviously longer than the line on the first card, one is shorter and one the same length. They have to say which line on the second card is the same length as the line on the standard card. The other members of the group answer first but what the volunteer does not know is that they have been told to pick one of the wrong lines. The volunteer sees that the other members of the group unanimously choose a line which is obviously not the same length as the one on the standard card.When it is his turn to answer he is faced with the unanimous opinion of the group-all the others have chosen line A but he quite clearly sees line B as correct. What will he do? According to Asch, more than half of the victims chosen will change their opinion. What is equally surprising is that, when interviewed about their answers, most explained that they knew the group choice was incorrect but that they yielded to the pressure of the group because they thought they must be suffering from an optical illusion.6. Psychologists are interested in ________.[A] how far group pressure can influence people's judgments.[B] how to make judgments according to everyday experience.[C] how to change people's judgments.[D] the group's standards of social behaviour.7. In the experiment. Who have been told to pick the wrong line？[A] The victims. [B] The volunteer. [C] The experimenter. [D] The other members.8. In what circumstances do most people yield to pressure？[A] When the group is separated.[B] When the group is unanimous.[C] When they know they are the victims.[D] When they are forced to answer questions.9. The experiments demonstrate that _______.[A] nearly every individual will behave differently from others.[B] group pressure is caused by the interference of the psychologists.[C] psychologists wish to change the people's judgments and opinions.[D] people will change their ideas under group pressure.10.The best title of this passage would be _________.[A]A Typical Experiment.[B]Are We Afraid to be Different?[C]The Group's Standards of Behavior and Thinking.[D]Dose an Individual Need to Follow a Group's Standards?3The single business of Henry Thoreau, during forty-old years of eager activity was to discover an economy calculated to provide a satisfying life. His one concern, that gave to his ramblings in Concord fields a value of high adventure, was to explore the true meaning of wealth. As he understood the problem of economics, there three possible solutions open to him: to exploit himself, to exploit his fellows, or to reduce the problem to its lowest denominator. The first was quite impossible-to imprison oneself in a treadmill when the morning called to great adventure. To exploit one's fellows seemed to Thoreau's sensitive social conscience an even greater infidelity. Freedom with abstinence seemed to him better than serfdom with material well-being, and he was content to move to Walden Pond and to set about the high business of living, to confront only the essential facts of life and to see what it had to teach. He did not advocate that other men should build cabins and live isolated. He had no wish to dogmatize concerning the best mode of living-each must settle that for himself. But that a satisfying life should be lived, he was vitally concerned. The story of his emancipation from the lower economics is the one romance of his life，and Walden is his great book. It is a book in praise of life rather than of Nature, a record of calculating economics that studied saving in order to spend more largely. But it is a book of social criticism as well, in spite of its explicit denial of such a purpose. In considering the true nature of economy he concluded, with Ruskin, that the cost of a thing is the amount of life that is required in exchange for it, immediately or in the long run .In Walden Thoreau elaborated the text: The only wealth is life.11.Thoreau started an experiment at Walden Pond with the hope of ______.[A] learning how to live quietly.[B] writing a book on philosophy.[C] discovering what humans can learn from nature.[D] working out the best adjustment to material life .12. To Thoreau the best solution to the problem of economics is _______.[A] to live a very simple life.[B] to become self-sufficient.[C] to live in the country.[D] to reform the society.13. Thoreau holds that the crucial thing for people to do is to ________.[A] have a better understanding of what life means.[B] live harmoniously with nature.[C] to save as much as one possibly can.[D] to live a life that one is content with.14. In the book Walden all of the following can be found except________.[A] the nature of economy.[B] the meaning of freedom.[C] the criticism of society.[D] Ruskin's philosophy.15. Thoreau's attitude toward society can best be characterized as one of _______.[A] acceptance. [B] avoidance. [C] indifference. [D] individualism.4Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the Second Industrial Revolution.Labor's concern over automation arises from uncertainty about its effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labor has taken the view that resistance to technological change is futile. In the long run, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automation equipment. Unquestionably, however, there will be major shifts in jobs within plants and displacement of labor from one industry to another. The interest of labor lies in bringing about this transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefits plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in SUB plan has a direct financial stake in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong incentive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible disruption in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiring that permanently laid off workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the improvement factor, which calls for wage increase based on increases in productivity. It is probable, however, that labor will relymainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the fruits of automation.16. We learn from paragraph 1 that automation will probably lead to_______.[A] industrial expansion[B] an increase in employment[C] displacement of labor from one industry to another.[D] an increase in unemployment.17. Labor has the opinion that _______.[A] all efforts must be made to prevent automation[B] automation will cause a rise in consumer costs[C] its main interest lies in increasing all wages.[D] technological change cannot be stopped.18. What is the relation between automation and employment in the opinion of labor?[A] Automation will definitely leads to more unemployment.[B] From a long-term point of view automation will bring about more jobs.[C] Automation will not cause much change in employment[D] sooner of later automation will do all the work instead of man19. The union stresses that ________.[A] workers should also enjoy the fruits brought about by automation.[B] no workers should be fired in the development of automation.[C] it is necessary to slow down the development of automation.[D] workers should be paid according to their length of service20. How many new policies of the unions have been listed in this passage?[A] 1 [B] 2 [C] 3 [D] 5VI Writing (20%)Directions: People may hold different views as to the dispute over when the shaping of a person's character, or natural disposition is completed. Some people state that the process of forming one's character is fulfilled in one's childhood, whereas others argue that it is achieved after one finishes his school studies or has worked for a year beyond campus. What do you think? Provide details in support of your argument with at least 180 words.。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：16
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock the salesman promptly produces it, and the business of trying it on, proceeds at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone's satisfaction.For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something else—he offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such a substitute bluntly, he does so with skill and polish. "I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size? It happens to be the color you mentioned." Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual response is "This is the right color and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on."Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way. Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only "having a look around". She is always open to persuasion; indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes; most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the look-out for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another, to and fro, often retracing her steps, before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a laborious process but apparently an enjoyable one. So most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.1.When a man is buying clothes, （）.2.In commerce a good salesman is one who（）.3.What does a man do when he cannot get exactly what he wants?4.According to this passage, when shopping for clothes, women（）.5.What is the most obvious difference between men and women shoppers?问题1选项A.he chooses things that others recommendB.he buys cheap things, regardless of qualityC.he buys good things, so long as they are not too expensiveD.he does not mind how much he has to pay for the right things问题2选项A.sells something a customer does not particularly wantB.always has in stock the thing the customer wantsC.can find out quickly the goods requiredD.does not waste his time on difficult customers问题3选项A.He buys something that is similar enough to the ideal one.B.He usually does not buy anything.C.At least two of his requirements must be met before he buys.D.So long as the style is right, he buys the thing.问题4选项A.often buy things without thinkingB.seldom buy cheap clothesC.welcome suggestions from anyoneD.never take any advice问题5选项A.The fact that men do not try clothes on in a shop.B.Women bargain for their clothes but men do not.C.Women stand up while shopping, but men sit down.D.The time they take over buying clothes.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】第1题:推理判断题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：59
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Too many people believe that to achieve great things we must make brutal sacrifices, that to succeed in work we must focus single-mindedly, at the （）of everything else in life.问题1选项A.heartB.beginningC.mercyD.expense【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。
at the expense of意为“以……为代价”。
句意：太多的人相信为了成就大事我们必须做出残酷的牺牲，为了在工作中取得成功，我们必须一心一意，以牺牲生活中的其他一切为代价。
2.单选题The temperature （）greatly; the days were very hot while the nights were very cold.问题1选项A.changedB.alteredC.variedD.reflected 【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。
change意为“改变，变化”，指完全改变；alter意为“改变”，指部分改变；vary意为“变化”，指多变；reflect意为“反射，反应”。
句意：气温变化很大，白天很热，夜晚很冷。
3.翻译题Read the following text carefully and then translate it into Chinese.The United Kingdom has an extraordinarily rich and diverse artistic heritage, with British poets, playwrights, musicians, sculptors, painters and filmmakers enjoyed and admired all over the world.The United Kingdom’s contributions to the visual arts are immense and then t here are many traces to be found around the country, from striking architecture to paintings, ceramics and sculptures which can be easily found in our many art galleries and museums.The performing arts are thriving as well. Music, theatre, filmmaking, dance and opera are all performed enthusiastically in theatres, concert halls and studios all over the country every night of the year.The richness of our cultural life is largely down to our diverse history, for many hundreds of years different races and cultures have had an influence on the United Kingdom and have consequently played a role in creating the society we live in today.【答案】英国有着及其丰富多样的艺术遗产，受人喜爱和尊敬英国诗人、剧作家、音乐家、雕塑家、画家和电影制作人遍布世界各地。
天津大学考博英语翻译真题解析 9
天津大学考博英语翻译真题解析1.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility,they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least'a few decisions for them-selves-goals that pose a real challenge.[参考译文]但是如果机器人要达到节省人工的下一个阶段，它们将必须在更少的人力监督之下工作，而且还要能够自己作出至少几个决定--这些目标才会引发真正的挑战。
2.But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the98percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.[参考译文]但是人类的头脑可以只迅速地瞟一眼一个快速改变的场面，然后立刻放弃98%的不相关部分，而马上聚焦于一条崎岖森林道路边的一只猴子，或者在茫茫人海中的一张可疑的脸。
3.The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged$22a barrel for a full year,compared with$13in1998,this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only0.25---0.5%of GDP.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) [参考译文]OECD在其最近的《经济瞭望》中估计，如果石油价格与1998年的每桶13美元相比在一年中平均为每22美元，这也只会给富裕的经济体的石油进口账单上增加GDP的0.25%到0.5%。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：86
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题It （）to see so many children in that mountainous area cannot even afford elementary education.问题1选项A.pains herB.makes her painC.is painingD.is pained【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。
it pains sb. to see意为“看到……使某人心痛”。
句意：看到很多山区的孩子无法接受基础教育使她心痛。
2.翻译题Translate the following into ChineseReading can only be fun if you expect it to be. If you concentrate on books somebody tells you you ‘‘ought” to read, you probably won’t h ave fun. But if you put down a book you don’t like and try another till you find one that means something to you, and then relax with it, you will almost certainly have a good time—and if you become, as a result of reading, better, wiser, kinder, or more g entle, you won’t have suffered during the process.【答案】只有当你期望阅读是有趣的时候，它才是有趣的。
如果你全神贯注于别人告诉你“应该”读的书，你可能不会有乐趣。
天津师范大学学科教学(英语)考研真题资料
天津考研网()天津考研网，考研快乐主义倡导者！天津地区考研门户网站！第1页共1页天津师范大学学科教学（英语）考研真题资料天津师范大学学科教学（英语）考研复习是有依据可循的,考研学子关注事项流程为：考研报录比-大纲-参考书-资料-真题-复习经验-辅导-复试-导师，缺一不可。
经过一年的奋斗终于如愿以偿的考上了研究生，在我考研的历程中我觉得最重要的便是专业课了，而我所考的专业课是天津师范大学学科教学（英语），这门专业课你一定要有一个比较好的英语水平，如果没有的话建议放弃含有这门专业课的所有专业，因为在我看来这还是比较困难的，和四六级相比要困难的多，但是十分想要报考一门专业而这门专业中含有这门专业课的人就来看看我自己总结的复习经验吧。
首先先说说复习资料吧，相信这也是所有人最关心的部分，都行有一套能够从头复习到尾，一步到位的资料，而这种资料在市面上不多，而且假资料市面上也十分的多，所以一套真的并且好的资料实在是太少了，我当初学这门专业课的时候使用的复习资料是天津考研网主编的《天津师范大学学科教学(英语)考研红宝书-全程版》/Shop/data/shida/wgy/19357.html ，这套资料真的是让我从复习考试用到了复习结束，并且还有不错的效果，而在这套资料中让我最最看重的是其中的真题复习资料，我觉得这是在我复习过程中对我帮助最大的一部分了，资料包含历年真题及参考答案，最难能可贵的还是真题解析，我们不可能面面俱到，把一个问题都答得有理有据，总会有出错的地方，而真题解析却能够为我们弥补这一方面的缺陷，把每一个知识点都涉及到，帮助我们巩固强化知识点，而且多做历年真题还能够总结考研试卷的出题模板机出题思路，根据出题思路制定多种多样的解决方案，做到万事俱备，备战考试。
真题资料是检验一个人知识点掌握程度的唯一途径，只有大量的真题检验才能够确认你是否已经具备考研的资格，再考天津师范大学学科教学（英语）这门专业课的时候更应如此，见多了题型与套路才能够更好更快的答题，最后取得一个理想的成绩，也希望所有涉及到天津师范大学学科教学（英语）这门学科的人都能够考一个不错的成绩，最后进入自己梦想的专业。
天津师范大学2019年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
天津师范大学2019年博士研究生入学考试英语试题博士研究生入学考试英语试题考试科目名称：英语试题适用招生专业：全校考生答题须知1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
Part I Listening Comprehension (15%)Section A Short dialoguesDirections:In this section, you will hear several short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I).1. A. He lost the calculator.B. He doesn’t know where the calculator is.C. He thinks he broke the calculator.D. He doesn’t know the answer to the problem.2. A. He lost it.B. He used it last night.C. He was the last to use it.D. He finally brought it back.3. A. The woman should buy some new trousers.B. The woman should buy some clothes for larger size.C. The woman should eat less.D. The woman should do exercises.4. A. At a theater.B. At a booking office.C. At a railway station.D. At a restaurant.5. A. The size of the room.B. Long working hours.C. The hot weather.D. The fan in the room.Section B PassagesDirections:In this section, you will hear several short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with asingle line through the center (on Answer Sheet I).Passage One6. A. A dozen.B. Two dozen.C. A half dozen.D. Five dozen.7. A. They don’t stay fresh very long.B. They smell nice.C. They are too expensive.D. They aren’t very pretty.8. A. Oil and vinegar.B. Sugar and white vinegar.C. Sugar and oil.D. Aspirin.Passage Two9. A. Miller was loved by her parents.B. Miller was loved by her sisters.C. Miller was loved by her brothers.D. Miller enjoyed a happy life as a child.10. A. Maths.B. painting.C. Both A and B.D. Neither A nor B.Section C Summary writingDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read, you are required to write a summary of about 60 words on Answer Sheet II.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (10%)Directions: There are a number of incomplete sentences or sentences with underlined words or phrases in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence or replace the underlined part of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I).11. There has been a decline _______ the number of people borrowing from public libraries.A. onB. inC. withD. at12. The harder a student studies, _______.A. the more his body gives off heatB. his body gives off more heatC. the more heat does his body gives offD. the more heat his body gives off13. When she heard the bad news, she _______completely.A. broke awayB. broke downC. broke outD. broke through14. The clerk muttered under his breath as he brought the _______ the tenth pair of shoes.A. clientB. attorneyC. agentD. consumer15. Association refers to _______ the material we want to remember and _______ it to something we remember accurately.A. taking … relatingB. take … relateC. taking … relateD. take … relating16. They took _______ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping.A. fruitfulB. beneficialC. validD. effective17. With the help of a metal detector, they discovered that wreckage lay _______ over a 2,000-square-feet area, often buried beneath sand and seaweed.A. scatteredB. separatedC. dispersedD. distributed18. It was his wife’s encouragement that had _______ his through the bad times.A. deliveredB. relievedC. sentD. brought19. The distance from the Earth to the spacecraft is often determined very accuratelyfrom the time _______ between two radio signals.A. interactionB. alternativeC. interferenceD. interval20. Finding himself trapped in the Death Valley, he had a sudden feeling of _______.A. despairB. desperateC. frightenedD. dreadful21. In a time of social reform, people’s state of mind tends to keep pace with the rapid changes ofsociety.A. take stepB. match upC. keep in touchD. make progress22. If decisions are delayed until the problems become worse, possibilities for effective actions will be severely reduced.A. optionsB. notionsC. fortunesD. occasions23. You can add the fluid to the powder, or, vice versa, the powder to the fluid.A. conventionallyB. convertiblyC. converselyD. conversationally24. She anxiously inspected the faces of the men leaving the train in the hope of find her husband.A. approachedB. searchedC. scannedD. recalled25. In Britain, and on the Continent too, the Japanese are sometimes viewed as a threat to domestic industries.A. looked likeB. varied withC. thought forD. supposed as26. With an old screwdriver he rasped the mortar away from around one of the bricks in the endwall.A. scrapedB. brushedC. pulledD. ported27. As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free tax-supported schools must be established inevery town having 50 household or more.A. foundedB. foundC. formulatedD. funded28. He said that he had never come across a painting which pleased him more.A. seen aboutB. viewed asC. happened toD. met with29. My book is practically finished; I have only a few changes to make in the writing.A. virtuallyB. verticallyC. violentlyD. visually30. The teacher congratulated the student who won the prize in the speech contest.A. consoledB. comfortedC. applaudedD. consultedPart III Cloze (10%)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I).Scientists searching for precious metals have turned to the ocean floor, where natural chimneys are spewing out a metal-enriched black dust containing particles of gold, silver and zinc.Scientists 31 these hot springs are recreating the process which, billions of years ago, created 32 metal deposits now found on land.The discovery is giving geologists a 33 into the earth’s early history and fuelling some new theories on origin of life.It also has huge implications for 34 companies.Geologists are just beginning to understand how these chimneys, 35 clusters of sulphur and minerals, are formed, and what makes them spew out the mineralized dust.At present it is not commercially 36 for mining companies to operate beneath the sea, although some scientists believe the “black smokers”, 37 known as active mineralizing systems, will be a major—and renewable —source of metals in the next decade.38 the meantime, mining companies are using the ocean-floor research to locate similar deposits on land.“The hottest thing in the mining r esearch game right now is the39 within the past few years of mineral deposits currently forming—in front of our eyes—on the ocean floor,” said Dr. Joseph Fox, a Montreal (加拿大蒙特利尔) geologist.Canada has mined some of the richest copper, zinc and gold 40 in the world. In the past year, mining companies have usedknowledge about where mineral formations 41 on the ocean floor to find the deposits on land.Geologists are excited because, 42 metal deposits on land, which are two or three billion years old, the undersea deposits keep 43 themselves.“It’s really incredible to think that we have a renewable metal resource44 we’ve been taught to think of metal resources as non-renewable,” Fox said.The 30-foot-high (10-metre) chimneys or vents, 45 in 1979, are found a long fractures in the ocean’s crust.Scientists believe the deposits form when cold sea-water seeps into the fractures, leaving metals 46 it is drawn down.As the water travels in the direction of the earth’s core, it47 up. Eventually, the hot water rises, carrying with it the hot metal sulphide 48 the ocean floor.When the hot sulphide meets the cold sea water, a thick black smoke-like substance is formed, spewing out of vents in built-up deposits of 49 .The particles in the smoke eventually 50 on the ocean floor, forming vast solid sheets of metal sulphide. 31. A. believe B. thought C. uncover D. found32. A. smooth B. tiny C. vast D. rust33. A. chance B. revision C. weapon D. glimpse34. A. metal B. mining C. alloy D. global35. A. made of B. consisting in C. resulted from D. dealing with36. A. periodic B. reliable C. comparative D. feasible37. A. formally B. chiefly C. economically D. occasionally38. A. At B. On C. In D. For39. A. invention B. discovery C. findings D. theory40. A. samples B. deposits C. mines D. fractions41. A. range B. suffer C. occur D. form42. A. unlike B. like C. as D. except43. A. to renew B. renewing C. having renewed D. to be renewed44. A. before B. until C. because D. when45. A. broken B. fixed C. discovered D. originated46. A. since B. as C. for D. whereas47. A. speeds B. goes C. gives D. heats48. A. from B. on C. toward D. beyond49. A. sulphide B. substance C. deposits D. element50. A. rely B. move C. turn D. settlePart IV Reading Comprehension (25%)Directions:There are five passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I). Passage One Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Professor Smith recently persuaded 35 people, 23 of them women, to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions for a fortnight. When he came to analyze their embarrassing lapses in a scientific report, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groupings. None did the lapses appear to be entirely random.One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her dog her earnings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. “The explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer,” explains the professor. “People programmethemselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the woman’s custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her earrings. But somehow the action got reversed in the programme.” About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these “programme assembly failures.”Altogether the volunteers logged 433 unintentional actions that they found themselves doing—an average of twelve each. There appear to be peak periods in the day when we are at our zaniest. These are two hours some time between eight a.m. and noon, between four and six p.m. with a smaller peak between eight and ten p.m. “Among men the peak seems to be when a changeover in brain ‘programmes’ occurs, as for instance between going to and from work.” Women on average reported slightly more lapses—12.5 compared with 10.9 for men probably because they were more reliable reporters.A startling finding of the research is that the absent-minded activity is a hazard of doing things in which we are skilled. Normally, you would expect that skill reduces the number of errors we make. But trying to avoid silly slips by concentrating more could make things a lot worse—even dangerous.51. In this study Professor Smith asked the subjects _______.A. to keep track of people who tend to forget thingsB. to report their embarrassing lapses at randomC. to analyze their awkward experiences scientificallyD. to keep a record of what they did unintentionally52. Professor Smith discovered that _______.A. certain patterns can be indentified in the recorded incidentsB. many people were too embarrassed to admit their absent-mindednessC. men tend to be more absent-minded than womenD. absent-mindedness is an excusable human weakness53. “Programme assembly failures (Sentence 6, Paragraph 2)” refers to the phenomenon thatpeople _______.A. often fail to programme their routines beforehandB. tend to make mistakes when they are in a hurryC. unconsciously change the sequence of doing thingsD. are likely to mess thing up if they are too tired54. We learn from the third paragraph that _______.A. absent-mindedness tends to occur during certain hours of the dayB. women are very careful to perform actions during peak periodsC. women experience more peak periods of absent-mindednessD. men’s absent-mindedness often results in funny situations55. It can be concluded from the passage that _______.A. people should avoid doing important things during peak periods of lapsesB. hazards can be avoided when people do things they are good atC. people should be careful when programming their actionsD. lapses cannot always be attributed to lack of concentrationPassage TwoQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.The two claws of the mature American lobster are decidedly different from each other. The crusher claw is short and stout; thecutter claw is long and slender. Such bilateral asymmetry, in which the right side of the body is, in all other respects, a mirror image of the left side, is not unlike handedness in humans. But where the majority of humans are right-handed, in lobsters the crusher claw appears with equal probability on either the right side or left side of the body.Bilateral asymmetry of the claws comes about gradually. In the juvenile fourth and fifth stages of development, the paired claws are symmetrical and cutter like. Asymmetry begins to appear in the juvenile sixth stage of development, and the paired claws farther diverge toward well-defined cutter and crusher claws during succeeding stages. An intriguing aspect of this development was discovered by Victor Emmer. He found that if one of the paired claws is removed during the fourth or fifth stage, the intact claw invariably becomes a crusher, while the regenerated claw becomes a stutter. Removal of a claw during a later juvenile stage or during adulthood, when asymmetry is present, does not alter the asymmetry; the intact and regenerated claws retain their original structures.These observations indicate that the conditions that trigger differentiation must operate in a random manner when the paired claws are intact, but in a nonrandom manner when one of the claws is lost. One possible explanation is that differential use of the claws determines their asymmetry. Perhaps the claw that is used more becomes the crusher. This would explain why, when one of the claws is missing during the fourth or fifth stage, the intact claw always becomes a crusher. With two intact claws, initial use of one claw might prompt the animal to use it more than the other throughout the juvenile fourth and fifth stages, causing it to become a crusher. To test this hypothesis,researchers raised lobsters inthe juvenile fourth and fifth stages of development in a laboratory environment in which the lobster could manipulate oyster chips. (Not coincidentally, at this stage of development lobsters typically change from a habitat where they drift passively, to the ocean floor where they have the opportunity to be more active by borrowing in the substrate.) Under these conditions, the lobsters developed asymmetric claws, half with crusher claws on the left, and half with crusher claws on the right. In contrast, when juvenile lobsters were reared in a smooth tank without the oyster chips, the majority developed two cutter claws. This unusual configuration of symmetrical cutter claws did not change when the lobsters were subsequently placed in a manipulable environment or when they lost and regenerated one or both claws.56. The passage is primarily concerned with _______.A. drawing an analogy between asymmetry in lobsters and handedness in humansB. discussing a possible explanation for the way bilateral asymmetry is determined inlobstersC. explaining differences between lobsters’ crusher claws and cutter clawsD. developing a method for predicating whether crusher claws in lobsters will appear onthe left or right side57. Which of the following experimental result, if observed, would most clearly contradict thefindings of Victor Emmer?A. A left cutter like claw is removed in the fifth stage and acrusher claw develops on theright side.B. A left cutter like claw is removed in the fourth stage and a crusher claw develops on theleft side.C. A left cutter like claw is removed in the sixth stage and a crusher claw develops on theright side.D. A left cutter like claw is removed in the fourth stage and a crusher claw develops on theright side.58. It can be inferred from the passage that one difference between lobsters in the earlier stagesof development and those in the juvenile fourth and fifth stages is that lobsters in the earlystages are _______.A. more likely to regenerate a lost clawB. more likely to replace a crusher claw with a cutter clawC. likely to be less symmetricalD. likely to be less active59. Which of the following conditions does the passage suggest is a possible cause for the failureof a lobster to develop a crusher claw?A. The loss of a claw during the third or earlier stage of development.B. The loss of a claw during the fourth or fifth stage of development.C. The loss of a claw during the sixth stage of development.D. Development in an environment devoid of material that can be manipulated.60. The author regards the idea that differentiation is triggered randomly when paired clawsremain intact as _______.A. irrefutable considering the authoritative nature of Emmer’s observationsB. contradictory to conventional thinking on lobster-claw differentiationC. likely in view of present evidenceD. purely speculative because it is based on scattered research and experimentationPassage Threephysical chemist who divides his time between the University of California, Berkeley, and the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, has a goal to create a computer model of how the cell works so that someday he’ll be able to desig n his own cells from scratch.It’s a daunting task. A single enzyme in a liver c ell may be controlled by as many as 14 different regulatory processes. Multiply that by thousands of interconnected chemical reactions operating simultaneously in billions of cells, and you’ve got one incredibly complex system.Enter a computer program called SPICE (Simulation Program for Integrated Circuit Evaluation), developed at the University of California, Berkeley, in the 1970s. SPICE allowed engineers to analyze their electronic circuits and predict, more or less accurately, how they would work before they were actually built. There would always be problems to iron out, but at least the program pointed chip designers in the right direction.Arkin is developing a similar program he calls bio/SPICE that he hopes will do for the cell what SPICE did for the chip. His firsttargets are simple bacteria. “They’re still complicated enough that we get depressed,” Arkin admits with a laugh. But he has already had some success grouping reactions together by the kinds of jobs they do. And, sure enough, some of them bear a remarkable resemblance to the gates and switches of an electronic circuit.Of course, no one knows for sure whether Arkin or anyone else will be able to develop a working computer model of the cell. But it’s the sort of project that could keep sc ientists busy for another 100 years.61. In the first paragraph, “… what makes them tick …” means _______.A. why something operates as it doesB. what makes cells thick and then block in blood streamsC. what cells consist ofD. how cells are born and die62. What do we learn from the passage?A. What Arkin intends to achieve is unprecedented.B. Arkin has just followed the past biologists’ footprints and nothing newC. Arkin, based on the work of others, wants to build a computer model of his ownD. To de sign one’s own cells is what biologists have dreamed of for almost a century.63. Which of the following adjectives can best describe the task Arkin is engaged in?A. Challenging.B. Delicate.C. Simple.D. Depressing.64. How is Arkin getting on with his work?A. Getting nowhere.B. Getting somewhere.C. There is a bigger breakthrough.D. There is a remarkable resemblance found in his research.65. What is the author’s attitude towards Arkin’s research?A. Suspicious.B. Positive.C. Negative.D. Indifferent.Passage FourGetting ready to go back to school in the good old days of, say, 1998 meant a few trips to the mall and a quick check of the bus route. This year, for many parents, there are some new things to remember: The teacher’s e-mail address, the school’s website and which night online homework helps chat will be offered. “The 1999-2000 school year will be the one when the majority of parents really feel the Internet’s influence on their children’s education at the everyday level,” says Jonathan Carson, chairman of the Family Education Co., which offers a parenting website at and a framework for local schools to create and maintain their own sites.This year promises to show a quantum leap in the spread of school technology: Parents in many districts can expect to be able to check the school lunch menu, read class notes, see activity calendar and view nightly homework assignments—all online. “The schools are wired,” says Carson. “A majority of parents now have access and the educators are ready to go.”Over the summer, parents of high school German students in Ithaca, N.Y. got to be part of a class to Europe, through theirhome computers. The class brought a digital camera and laptop with them to Germany and documented their visit on their web page. Hazy Ash, father of 16-year-old traveler Bria n, found it reassuring to see his son’s smiling face from half a world away. Before their kids left, parents had checked the site for scheduling information, a list of activities and advice on cultural differences.When it’s designed well, a district, school or classroom website can change the relationship between the parents and the school, says Cynthia Lapier, Ithaca’s director of information and instructional technology. “The more you can involve parents in school, the better,” Lapier says. “The technology gives us another way to reach them, especially parents of secondary school students, who tend to b e less involved.”Ithaca High School physics teacher, Stever Wirt, gets e-mail from parents regularly, some from the parents he believes might otherwise not pick up the phone with a concern. Using software called Blackboard Course Info, Wirt conducts online chats with his students often reviewing for a quiz or discussing homework problems.The way things are going, by the end of this year, many parents may be fully converted—and in fact dependent upon their school’s technological capabilities. At a recently wired school in Novi, Michigan, the school webmaster was just a few hours late posting the lunch-menu calendar on the website. In that time, more than a dozen parents called him by telephone to request the information. “A year ago, it never would have bee n there,” says Carson. And now parents are finding it’s tough to get by without it.在像1998年那样经济繁荣的岁月里，父母为孩子开学返校需要做的准备工作包括去逛几次商场和文具店, 快速核实一下校车路线。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：61
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Last night he saw two dark （）center the building, and then there was the explosion.问题1选项A.figuresB.featuresC.sketchesD.images【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。
figure意为“人影，数字”；feature意为“特征，特点”；sketch意为“素描，草图”；image意为“图像，肖像”。
句意：昨晚，他看到了两个黑影进入了大楼，然后发生了爆炸。
2.单选题I can’t read the marks and notes Jim made in the margin. They are too （）.问题1选项A.faintB.foggyC.transparentD.misty 【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。
faint意为“微弱的，模糊的”；foggy意为“有雾的”；transparent意为“透明的”；misty意为“多雾的”。
句意：我看不清吉姆在空白处做的记号和笔记。
3.单选题Having had her as a professor and adviser, I can tell you that she is an（） force who pushes her students to excel far beyond their own expectations.问题1选项A.inspirationalcationalC.excessiveD.instantaneous【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。
inspirational意为“启发灵感的，鼓舞人心的”；educational意为“教育的”；excessive意为“过度的，极度的”；instantaneous意为“瞬间的”。
天津大学考博英语翻译真题解析 7
天津大学考博英语翻译真题解析1.But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river--and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers,"Pluff! Pluff!"A hundred and eighty-five kilograms."[参考译文]但当我们先是从注释中得知某诗行讲述了一个土耳其军官和一个保加利亚军官在桥上动手打架并双双掉进河里，而后却发现该行诗中不过只充斥着"扑通，扑通，185公斤重"这类对他们落水时的动静以及对军官们体重的描写时，我们不免感到困惑不安。
2.The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-domiated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Janpan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.[参考译文]战后婴儿潮一代的步入成年以及女性打入男性主导的劳动力市场使得青少年的发展机会变得极为有限，他们已经在不停地质疑为了爬上日本国内那通往优秀学校和体面工作的严酷的社会阶梯而做出的巨大的个人牺牲。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：41
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题While it has gradually been integrated into the global supply chain, China’s manufacturing sector has had to confront enormous challenges. In terms of capacity for scientific and technological innovation, China ranks 28th out of 49 major countries around the globe. With that ranking China is not only behind the developed world, but also behind Brazil, India and some other developing countries. In recent years, with growing amounts of direct foreign investment and the advent of globalization, multinationals have quickened the pace of technology transfers, affording the country an opportunity to learn the latest technologies.【答案】虽然中国已经逐渐进入全球供应链，但其制造业不得不面对巨大的挑战。
就科技创新能力而言，中国在全球49个主要国家中排名第28位。
按照这样的排名，中国不仅落后于发达国家，而且落后于巴西、印度和其他一些发展中国家。
近年来，随着外商直接投资的增加和全球化的到来，跨国公司加快了技术转让步伐，为中国提供了学习最新技术的机会。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：80
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The radioactivity to which they were exposed was so powerful that the dead men's bodies were themselves a radiation （）.问题1选项A.bumperB.fatalityC.hazardD.expansion【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。
bumper意为“缓冲器”；fatality意为“死亡，致命性，宿命”；hazard意为“冒险”；expansion意为“扩大”。
句意：他们接触到的放射性是如此强烈，以至于死者的尸体本身就是辐射扩散。
2.单选题I am one of the many city people who are always saying that given the choice we would prefer to live in the country away from the dirt and noise of a large city. I have managed to convince myself that if it weren't for my job I would immediately head out for the open spaces and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the county. But how realistic is the dream?Cities can be frightening places. The majority of the population lives in massive tower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal. The sense of belonging to a community tends to disappear when you live fifteen floors up. All you can see from your window is sky, or other blocks of flats. Children become aggressive and nervous-cooped up at home all day, with nowhere to play; their mothers feel isolated from the rest of the world. Strangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks don't even say hello to each other.Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in that a sense of community generally binds the inhabitants of small villages together. People have the advantage of knowing that there is always someone to turn to when they need help. But country life has disadvantages too. While it is true that you may be among friends in a village, it is also true that you are cut off from the exciting and in important events that take place in cities, there's little possibility of going to a new show or the latest movie. Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest large town. The city-dweller who leaves for the country is often oppressed by a sense of unbearable stillness and quiet.What, then, is the answer? The country has the advantage of peace and quiet, but suffers from the disadvantage of being cut off, the city breeds a feeling of isolation and constant noise batters the senses. But one of its main advantages is that you are at the center of things, and that life doesn't come to an end at half-past nine at night. Some people have found (or rather bought) a compromise between the two: they have expressed their preference for the "quiet life" by leaving the suburbs and moving to villages within commuting distance of large cities. They generally have about as much sensitivity as the plastic flowers they leave behind-they are polluted with strange ideas about change and improvement which they force on to the unwilling original inhabitants of the villages.What then of my dreams of leaning on a cottage gate and murmuring "morning" to the locals as they pass by. I’m keen on the idea, but you see there's my cat, Toby. I'm not at all sure that he would take to all that fresh air and exercise in the long grass. I mean, can you see him mixing with all those hearty males down the farm? No, he would rather have the electric imitation-coal fire any evening.1.We get the impression from the first paragraph that the author（）.2.In the author’s opinion, the following may cause city people to be unhappy EXCEPT（）.3.The passage implies that it is easy to buy to the following things in the country EXCEPT （）.4.According to the passage, which of the following adjectives best describes those people who work in large cities and live in villages（）.5.Do you think the author will move to the country?（）.问题1选项ed to live in the countryed to work in the cityC.works in the cityD.lives in the country问题2选项A.a strong sense of fearck of communicationC.housing conditionsD.a sense of isolation问题3选项A.daily necessitiesB.fresh fruitsC.designer clothesD.fresh vegetables问题4选项A.OriginalB.QuietC.ArrogantD.Insensitive问题5选项A.Yes, he will do so.B.No, he will not do soC.It is difficult to tell.D.He is in two minds.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】第1题:细节事实题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：15
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题In （）times human beings did not travel for pleasure but to find a more favourable climate. 问题1选项A.primeB.primitiveC.primaryD.preliminary【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
prime意为“主要的，上乘的”；primitive意为“原始的，远古的”；primary 意为“首要的，主要的”；preliminary意为“初步的，初级的”。
句意：在远古时代，人类旅行不是为了娱乐，而是为了找到更有利的气候。
2.单选题Some hard plastics can be （）metals in manufacturing machine parts.问题1选项A.substituted forB.taken the place ofC.replaced inD.given way to 【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
substitute for意为“替代，取代”；take the place of意为“代替”，一般指取代某人的位置；replace in意为“以……代替”，replace后直接接宾语；give way to意为“向……让步，被……替代”。
句意：在生产机器零件时，一些硬塑料可以取代金属。
3.单选题California is a land of variety and contrast. Almost every type of physical land feature sort of arctic ice fields and tropical jungles can be found within its borders. Sharply contrasting types of land often lie very close to one another. People living in Bakersfield, for instance, can visit the Pacific Ocean and the coastal plain, the fertile San Joaquin Valley, the arid Mojave Desert, and the high Sierra Nevada, all within a radius of about 100 miles.In other areas it is possible to go snow skiing in the morning and surfing in the evening of the same day, without having to travel long distance.Contrast abounds in California. The highest point in the United States (outside Alaska) is in California, and so is the lowest point (including Alaska). Mount Whitney, 14,494 feet above sea level, is separated from Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level, by a distance of only 100 miles.The two areas have a difference in altitude of almost three miles. California has deep, clear mountain lakes like Lake Tahoe, the deepest in the country, but it also has shallow, salty desert lakes. It has Lake Tulainyo, 12,020 feet above sea level, and the lowest lake in the country, the Salton Sea, 236 feet below sea level. Some of its lakes, like Owens Lake in Death Valley, are not lakes at all: they are dried-up lake beds. In addition to mountains, lakes, valleys, deserts and plateaus, California has its Pacific coastline, stretching longer than the coastlines of Oregon and Washington combined.1.Which of the following is the lowest point in the United States?2.Where is the highest point in the United States located?3.How far away is Death Valley from Mount Whitney?4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being within a radius of about 100 miles of Bakersfield?5.Which statement beat demonstrates that California is a land of variety and contrast?问题1选项ke TulainyoB.Mojave DesertC.Death ValleyD.The Salton Sea问题2选项ke TahoeB.Sierra NevadaC.Mount WhineyD.Alaska问题3选项A.About 3 milesB.Only 100 milesC.282 feetD.14,494 feet问题4选项A.The Pacific OceanB.San Joaquin ValleyC.Mojave DesertD.Oregon and Washington问题5选项A.The highest lake in California is Lake Tulainyo.B.It is possible to go surfing and snow skiing in some parts of California without having to travel long distance.C.Sierra Nevada, San Joaquin Valley, Mojave Desert and the Pacific Ocean all lie within a radius of about 100 miles.D.Owens Lake, in Death Valley, is not really a lake at all.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。
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博士研究生入学考试英语试题考试科目名称：英语试题适用招生专业：全校考生答题须知1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
Part I Listening Comprehension (15%)Section A Short dialoguesDirections:In this section, you will hear several short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I).1. A. He lost the calculator.B. He doesn’t know where the calculator is.C. He thinks he broke the calculator.D. He doesn’t know the answer to the problem.2. A. He lost it.B. He used it last night.C. He was the last to use it.D. He finally brought it back.3. A. The woman should buy some new trousers.B. The woman should buy some clothes for larger size.C. The woman should eat less.D. The woman should do exercises.4. A. At a theater.B. At a booking office.C. At a railway station.D. At a restaurant.5. A. The size of the room.B. Long working hours.C. The hot weather.D. The fan in the room.Section B PassagesDirections:In this section, you will hear several short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with asingle line through the center (on Answer Sheet I).Passage One6. A. A dozen.B. Two dozen.C. A half dozen.D. Five dozen.7. A. They don’t stay fresh very long.B. They smell nice.C. They are too expensive.D. They aren’t very pretty.8. A. Oil and vinegar.B. Sugar and white vinegar.C. Sugar and oil.D. Aspirin.Passage Two9. A. Miller was loved by her parents.B. Miller was loved by her sisters.C. Miller was loved by her brothers.D. Miller enjoyed a happy life as a child.10. A. Maths.B. painting.C. Both A and B.D. Neither A nor B.Section C Summary writingDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read, you are required to write a summary of about 60 words on Answer Sheet II.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (10%)Directions: There are a number of incomplete sentences or sentences with underlined words or phrases in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence or replace the underlined part of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I).11. There has been a decline _______ the number of people borrowing from public libraries.A. onB. inC. withD. at12. The harder a student studies, _______.A. the more his body gives off heatB. his body gives off more heatC. the more heat does his body gives offD. the more heat his body gives off13. When she heard the bad news, she _______completely.A. broke awayB. broke downC. broke outD. broke through14. The clerk muttered under his breath as he brought the _______ the tenth pair of shoes.A. clientB. attorneyC. agentD. consumer15. Association refers to _______ the material we want to remember and _______ it to something we remember accurately.A. taking … relatingB. take … relateC. taking … relateD. take … relating16. They took _______ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping.A. fruitfulB. beneficialC. validD. effective17. With the help of a metal detector, they discovered that wreckage lay _______ over a 2,000-square-feet area, often buried beneath sand and seaweed.A. scatteredB. separatedC. dispersedD. distributed18. It was his wife’s encouragement that had _______ his through the bad times.A. deliveredB. relievedC. sentD. brought19. The distance from the Earth to the spacecraft is often determined very accuratelyfrom the time _______ between two radio signals.A. interactionB. alternativeC. interferenceD. interval20. Finding himself trapped in the Death Valley, he had a sudden feeling of _______.A. despairB. desperateC. frightenedD. dreadful21. In a time of social reform, people’s state of mind tends to keep pace with the rapid changes ofsociety.A. take stepB. match upC. keep in touchD. make progress22. If decisions are delayed until the problems become worse, possibilities for effective actions will be severely reduced.A. optionsB. notionsC. fortunesD. occasions23. You can add the fluid to the powder, or, vice versa, the powder to the fluid.A. conventionallyB. convertiblyC. converselyD. conversationally24. She anxiously inspected the faces of the men leaving the train in the hope of find her husband.A. approachedB. searchedC. scannedD. recalled25. In Britain, and on the Continent too, the Japanese are sometimes viewed as a threat to domestic industries.A. looked likeB. varied withC. thought forD. supposed as26. With an old screwdriver he rasped the mortar away from around one of the bricks in the endwall.A. scrapedB. brushedC. pulledD. ported27. As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free tax-supported schools must be established inevery town having 50 household or more.A. foundedB. foundC. formulatedD. funded28. He said that he had never come across a painting which pleased him more.A. seen aboutB. viewed asC. happened toD. met with29. My book is practically finished; I have only a few changes to make in the writing.A. virtuallyB. verticallyC. violentlyD. visually30. The teacher congratulated the student who won the prize in the speech contest.A. consoledB. comfortedC. applaudedD. consultedPart III Cloze (10%)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I).Scientists searching for precious metals have turned to the ocean floor, where natural chimneys are spewing out a metal-enriched black dust containing particles of gold, silver and zinc.Scientists 31 these hot springs are recreating the process which, billions of years ago, created 32 metal deposits now found on land.The discovery is giving geologists a 33 into the earth’s early history and fuelling some new theories on origin of life.It also has huge implications for 34 companies.Geologists are just beginning to understand how these chimneys, 35 clusters of sulphur and minerals, are formed, and what makes them spew out the mineralized dust.At present it is not commercially 36 for mining companies to operate beneath the sea, although some scientists believe the “black smokers”, 37 known as active mineralizing systems, will be a major—and renewable —source of metals in the next decade.38 the meantime, mining companies are using the ocean-floor research to locate similar deposits on land.“The hottest thing in the mining research game right now is the39 within the past few years of mineral deposits currently forming—in front of our eyes—on the ocean floor,” said Dr. Joseph Fox, a Montreal (加拿大蒙特利尔) geologist.Canada has mined some of the richest copper, zinc and gold 40 in the world. In the past year, mining companies have used knowledge about where mineral formations 41 on the ocean floor to find the deposits on land.Geologists are excited because, 42 metal deposits on land, which are two or three billion years old, the undersea deposits keep 43 themselves.“It’s really incredible to think that we have a renewable metal resource44 we’ve been taught to think of metal resources as non-renewable,” Fox said.The 30-foot-high (10-metre) chimneys or vents, 45 in 1979, are found along fractures in the ocean’s crust.Scientists believe the deposits form when cold sea-water seeps into the fractures, leaving metals 46 it is drawn down.As the water travels in the direction of the earth’s core, it47 up. Eventually, the hot water rises, carrying with it the hot metal sulphide 48 the ocean floor.When the hot sulphide meets the cold sea water, a thick black smoke-like substance is formed, spewing out of vents in built-up deposits of 49 .The particles in the smoke eventually 50 on the ocean floor, forming vast solid sheets of metal sulphide. 31. A. believe B. thought C. uncover D. found32. A. smooth B. tiny C. vast D. rust33. A. chance B. revision C. weapon D. glimpse34. A. metal B. mining C. alloy D. global35. A. made of B. consisting in C. resulted from D. dealing with36. A. periodic B. reliable C. comparative D. feasible37. A. formally B. chiefly C. economically D. occasionally38. A. At B. On C. In D. For39. A. invention B. discovery C. findings D. theory40. A. samples B. deposits C. mines D. fractions41. A. range B. suffer C. occur D. form42. A. unlike B. like C. as D. except43. A. to renew B. renewing C. having renewed D. to be renewed44. A. before B. until C. because D. when45. A. broken B. fixed C. discovered D. originated46. A. since B. as C. for D. whereas47. A. speeds B. goes C. gives D. heats48. A. from B. on C. toward D. beyond49. A. sulphide B. substance C. deposits D. element50. A. rely B. move C. turn D. settlePart IV Reading Comprehension (25%)Directions:There are five passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I). Passage OneQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Professor Smith recently persuaded 35 people, 23 of them women, to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions for a fortnight. When he came to analyze their embarrassing lapses in a scientific report, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groupings. None did the lapses appear to be entirely random.One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her dog her earnings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. “The explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer,” explains the professor. “People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the woman’s custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her earrings. But somehow the action got reversed in the programme.” About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these “programme assembly failures.”Altogether the volunteers logged 433 unintentional actions that they found themselves doing—an average of twelve each. There appear to be peak periods in the day when we are at our zaniest. These are two hours some time between eight a.m. and noon, between four and six p.m. with a smaller peak between eight and ten p.m. “Among men the peak seems to be when a changeover in brain ‘programmes’ occurs, as for instance between going to and from work.” Women on average reported slightly more lapses—12.5 compared with 10.9 for men probably because they were more reliable reporters.A startling finding of the research is that the absent-minded activity is a hazard of doing things in which we are skilled. Normally, you would expect that skill reduces the number of errors we make. But trying to avoid silly slips by concentrating more could make things a lot worse—even dangerous.51. In this study Professor Smith asked the subjects _______.A. to keep track of people who tend to forget thingsB. to report their embarrassing lapses at randomC. to analyze their awkward experiences scientificallyD. to keep a record of what they did unintentionally52. Professor Smith discovered that _______.A. certain patterns can be indentified in the recorded incidentsB. many people were too embarrassed to admit their absent-mindednessC. men tend to be more absent-minded than womenD. absent-mindedness is an excusable human weakness53. “Programme assembly failures (Sentence 6, Paragraph 2)” refers to the phenomenon thatpeople _______.A. often fail to programme their routines beforehandB. tend to make mistakes when they are in a hurryC. unconsciously change the sequence of doing thingsD. are likely to mess thing up if they are too tired54. We learn from the third paragraph that _______.A. absent-mindedness tends to occur during certain hours of the dayB. women are very careful to perform actions during peak periodsC. women experience more peak periods of absent-mindednessD. men’s absent-mindedness often results in funny situations55. It can be concluded from the passage that _______.A. people should avoid doing important things during peak periods of lapsesB. hazards can be avoided when people do things they are good atC. people should be careful when programming their actionsD. lapses cannot always be attributed to lack of concentrationPassage TwoQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.The two claws of the mature American lobster are decidedly different from each other. The crusher claw is short and stout; the cutter claw is long and slender. Such bilateral asymmetry, in which the right side of the body is, in all other respects, a mirror image of the left side, is not unlike handedness in humans. But where the majority of humans are right-handed, in lobsters the crusher claw appears with equal probability on either the right side or left side of the body.Bilateral asymmetry of the claws comes about gradually. In the juvenile fourth and fifth stages of development, the paired claws are symmetrical and cutter like. Asymmetry begins to appear in the juvenile sixth stage of development, and the paired claws farther diverge toward well-defined cutter and crusher claws during succeeding stages. An intriguing aspect of this development was discovered by Victor Emmer. He found that if one of the paired claws is removed during the fourth or fifth stage, the intact claw invariably becomes a crusher, while the regenerated claw becomes a stutter. Removal of a claw during a later juvenile stage or during adulthood, when asymmetry is present, does not alter the asymmetry; the intact and regenerated claws retain their original structures.These observations indicate that the conditions that trigger differentiation must operate in a random manner when the paired claws are intact, but in a nonrandom manner when one of the claws is lost. One possible explanation is that differential use of the claws determines their asymmetry. Perhaps the claw that is used more becomes the crusher. This would explain why, when one of the claws is missing during the fourth or fifth stage, the intact claw always becomes a crusher. With two intact claws, initial use of one claw might prompt the animal to use it more than the other throughout the juvenile fourth and fifth stages, causing it to become a crusher. To test this hypothesis, researchers raised lobsters inthe juvenile fourth and fifth stages of development in a laboratory environment in which the lobster could manipulate oyster chips. (Not coincidentally, at this stage of development lobsters typically change from a habitat where they drift passively, to the ocean floor where they have the opportunity to be more active by borrowing in the substrate.) Under these conditions, the lobsters developed asymmetric claws, half with crusher claws on the left, and half with crusher claws on the right. In contrast, when juvenile lobsters were reared in a smooth tank without the oyster chips, the majority developed two cutter claws. This unusual configuration of symmetrical cutter claws did not change when the lobsters were subsequently placed in a manipulable environment or when they lost and regenerated one or both claws.56. The passage is primarily concerned with _______.A. drawing an analogy between asymmetry in lobsters and handedness in humansB. discussing a possible explanation for the way bilateral asymmetry is determined inlobstersC. explaining differences between lobsters’ crusher claws and cutter clawsD. developing a method for predicating whether crusher claws in lobsters will appear onthe left or right side57. Which of the following experimental result, if observed, would most clearly contradict thefindings of Victor Emmer?A. A left cutter like claw is removed in the fifth stage and a crusher claw develops on theright side.B. A left cutter like claw is removed in the fourth stage and a crusher claw develops on theleft side.C. A left cutter like claw is removed in the sixth stage and a crusher claw develops on theright side.D. A left cutter like claw is removed in the fourth stage and a crusher claw develops on theright side.58. It can be inferred from the passage that one difference between lobsters in the earlier stagesof development and those in the juvenile fourth and fifth stages is that lobsters in the earlystages are _______.A. more likely to regenerate a lost clawB. more likely to replace a crusher claw with a cutter clawC. likely to be less symmetricalD. likely to be less active59. Which of the following conditions does the passage suggest is a possible cause for the failureof a lobster to develop a crusher claw?A. The loss of a claw during the third or earlier stage of development.B. The loss of a claw during the fourth or fifth stage of development.C. The loss of a claw during the sixth stage of development.D. Development in an environment devoid of material that can be manipulated.60. The author regards the idea that differentiation is triggered randomly when paired clawsremain intact as _______.A. irrefutable considering the authoritative nature of Emmer’s observationsB. contradictory to conventional thinking on lobster-claw differentiationC. likely in view of present evidenceD. purely speculative because it is based on scattered research and experimentationPassage Threephysical chemist who divides his time between the University of California, Berkeley, and the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, has a goal to create a computer model of how the cell works so that someday he’ll be able to design his own cells from scratch.It’s a daunting task. A single enzyme in a liver c ell may be controlled by as many as 14 different regulatory processes. Multiply that by thousands of interconnected chemical reactions operating simultaneously in billions of cells, and you’ve got one incredibly complex system.Enter a computer program called SPICE (Simulation Program for Integrated Circuit Evaluation), developed at the University of California, Berkeley, in the 1970s. SPICE allowed engineers to analyze their electronic circuits and predict, more or less accurately, how they would work before they were actually built. There would always be problems to iron out, but at least the program pointed chip designers in the right direction.Arkin is developing a similar program he calls bio/SPICE that he hopes will do for the cell what SPICE did for the chip. His first targets are simple bacteria. “They’re still complicated enough that we get depressed,” Arkin admits with a laugh. But he has already had some success grouping reactions together by the kinds of jobs they do. And, sure enough, some of them bear a remarkable resemblance to the gates and switches of an electronic circuit.Of course, no one knows for sure whether Arkin or anyone else will be able to develop a working computer model of the cell. But it’s the sort of project that could keep sc ientists busy for another 100 years.61. In the first paragraph, “… what makes them tick …” means _______.A. why something operates as it doesB. what makes cells thick and then block in blood streamsC. what cells consist ofD. how cells are born and die62. What do we learn from the passage?A. What Arkin intends to achieve is unprecedented.B. Arkin has just followed the past biologists’ footprints and nothing newC. Arkin, based on the work of others, wants to build a computer model of his ownD. To de sign one’s own cells is what biologists have dreamed of for almost a century.63. Which of the following adjectives can best describe the task Arkin is engaged in?A. Challenging.B. Delicate.C. Simple.D. Depressing.64. How is Arkin getting on with his work?A. Getting nowhere.B. Getting somewhere.C. There is a bigger breakthrough.D. There is a remarkable resemblance found in his research.65. What is the author’s attitude towards Arkin’s research?A. Suspicious.B. Positive.C. Negative.D. Indifferent.Passage FourGetting ready to go back to school in the good old days of, say, 1998 meant a few trips to the mall and a quick check of the bus route. This year, for many parents, there are some new things to remember: The teacher’s e-mail address, the school’s website and which night online homework helps chat will be offered. “The 1999-2000 school year will be the one when the majority of parents really feel the Internet’s influence on their children’s education at the everyday level,” says Jonathan Carson, chairman of the Family Education Co., which offers a parenting website at and a framework for local schools to create and maintain their own sites.This year promises to show a quantum leap in the spread of school technology: Parents in many districts can expect to be able to check the school lunch menu, read class notes, see activity calendar and view nightly homework assignments—all online. “The schools are wired,” says Carson. “A majority of parents now have access and the educators are ready to go.”Over the summer, parents of high school German students in Ithaca, N.Y. got to be part of a class to Europe, through their home computers. The class brought a digital camera and laptop with them to Germany and documented their visit on their web page. Hazy Ash, father of 16-year-old traveler Bria n, found it reassuring to see his son’s smiling face from half a world away. Before their kids left, parents had checked the site for scheduling information, a list of activities and advice on cultural differences.When it’s designed well, a district, school or classroom website can change the relationship between the parents and the school, says Cynthia Lapier, Ithaca’s director of information and instructional technology. “The more you can involve parents in school, the better,” Lapier says. “The technology gives us another way to reach them, especially parents of secondary school students, who tend to be less involved.”Ithaca High School physics teacher, Stever Wirt, gets e-mail from parents regularly, some from the parents he believes might otherwise not pick up the phone with a concern. Using software called Blackboard Course Info, Wirt conducts online chats with his students often reviewing for a quiz or discussing homework problems.The way things are going, by the end of this year, many parents may be fully converted—and in fact dependent upon their school’s technological capabilities. At a recently wired school in Novi, Michigan, the school webmaster was just a few hours late posting the lunch-menu calendar on the website. In that time, more than a dozen parents called him by telephone to request the information. “A year ago, it never would have been there,” says Carson. And now parents are finding it’s tough to get by without it.在像1998年那样经济繁荣的岁月里，父母为孩子开学返校需要做的准备工作包括去逛几次商场和文具店, 快速核实一下校车路线。