必修五unit1学案

必修五unit1学案
必修五unit1学案

必修五Unit1 Great scientists

【高考新动向】

【考纲全景透析】

【重点单词】

1. conclude vi.终结;结束; 推断;决定

【归纳】

conclusion n. 结束,结论

make/draw/reach/come to/arrive at a conclusion下结论,得出结论;bring sth. to a conclusion使…结束;

in conclusion作为结论,最后;

1)The meeting concluded at ten o'clock. 会议于十点钟结束。

2)It is hard to conclude. 这很难断定。

【即境活用】________,I’d like to say how much I’ve enjoyed staying in your beautiful country. A. To conclude B. To include C. In the conclude D. As conclusion

答案:A

2. defeat v. & n.打败;战胜

defeat sb./sth.击败某人或某事;be defeated被打败了

They were defeated in the football match.

他们在足球赛中输了

【辨析】

1)defeat,beat与win作“打败”解时的区别:

beat与defeat的宾语是“人”;defeat的宾语常指“敌人”,在“游戏或比赛”中则用beat;win后的宾语多用game,war,prize等词(注意win的宾语不能是人)

2)作“打”之意时beat,hit与strike的区别:

beat强调“连续地打”;hit表示“打一下”;而strike则表示“一次有力的打击”

【即境活用】用defeat,beat的适当形式填空

1. Finally our army _____________the enemy.

2. Brazil were ______________in the final 2-1.

答案:1. defeated 2. beaten

3.-- Who ____ the team from No. 2 Middle school?

-- I'm not sure. Perhaps the team from the nearby county.

A. defeated

B. won

C. beat

D. gained

答案:A

3.attend v.

1)注意;留意;处理(与to连用)=do with

2) 出席;到场:3)照看;照料:=take care; look after

【归纳】

attendance n.出席,出席的人数,伺候,照料

attend school上学

attend a lecture/meeting听讲座/出席会议

attend a wedding/ceremony出席婚礼‘/参加典礼

1)We'll attend to the problem later.稍后我们将关注那个问题。

2)Which doctor is attending you? 哪一个医生为你看病?

【即境活用】汉译英

他们在我们不在时管理事务。

_________________________________________________________________________________ 2) 他在这个领域很出名,今晚会有成千上万的敬仰者参加他的讲座。

_________________________________________________________________________________ Keys: 1) They attended our affairs during our absence.

2) He is famous in this field, and tens of thousands of fans will attend his lecture this evening.

4. expose v.使暴露; 揭露; 使接触

expose a secret/ a plan泄露秘密\计划

expose sth/ sb. to …把……暴露在……之下

be exposed to ….置身于……;暴露于…

expose students to good art and music使学生接触美好的艺术和音乐

expose soldiers to unnecessary risks使士兵冒不必要的危险

The reporter was killed because he tried to expose a plot.这名记者因为试图揭露一个阴谋而被杀害。

【即境活用】__________to the sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin.

A. Exposed

B. Having exposed

C. Being exposed

D. After being exposed

答案:C

5.cure n. 治愈;痊愈vt. 治愈;治疗

①There is no cure for the common cold at present.

目前仍没有治愈感冒的良药。

②Can you cure me of my cold ?你能治好我的感冒吗?

③That nasty shock cured him of his inquisitiveness forever.

那一沉痛教训根除了他凡事爱打听的毛病。

6. absorb vt.吸收;吸引

【归纳】

吸收(液体,气体,光,声等)

汲取,理解(知识等)

使全神贯注;吸引(注意等)后常接介词in/by

合并(公司等);吞并。常接介词into

承受;经受

be absorbed in=put one’s heart into专注;聚精会神

absorb...from sth 从……吸收

eg. Black cloth absorbs light.

黑布吸收光线。

Cotton gloves absorb sweat.

棉手套吸汗。

So many good ideas! It’s too much for me to absorb all at once.

这么多好主意!太多了,很难一下子完全吸收

The old man was completely absorbed in the book.

老人全神贯注地读这本书

The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.

四周的小城镇已并入这座城市

【归纳拓展】absorbed adj.精神集中的

absorbing adj.十分吸引人的

absorb from sth.从……中吸收

be absorbed in专心于,全神贯注于

【即境活用】1. 翻译:他发现叔叔全神贯注地读书

_______________________________________________________

答案:He found his uncle was absorbed in reading.

2. When I went in,they were ________ in a heated discussion.

A. absorb

B. absorbed

C. absorbing

D. being absorbed

答案:B.

3. She was so _____ in her book that she didn’t notice it was raining.

A. absorbed

B. attracted

C. drawn

D. concentrated

答案:A

7. blame vt.责备;谴责;归咎于;

n.责怪;(过失、过错等)责任

【归纳】

blame sb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而指责某人

blame sth.on sb.因某事而指责某人

sb.be to blame for(doing)sth.因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责;

注意: be to blame 应负责(无被动形式)。

1)The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident happening yesterday.

那个粗心的司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责。

2) Who is to blame for the failure? 谁该为这次的失败负责?

3) The student blamed the teacher for his failure.学生因失败而怪老师。

【即境活用】汉译英

1)看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了.

_________________________________________________________________________________ 2)这件事谁也不能怨.

_________________________________________________________________________________ 3)他指责你玩忽职守.

_________________________________________________________________________________

Keys: 1) It seemed that the water was to blame. 2) Nobody is to blame for it. 3) He blames you for neglect of duty.

8. contribute vi.&vt.捐助,捐献,贡献;投稿

【归纳】

contribution. n. 捐献,贡献;投稿

contribute…to …向……捐献(投稿)

contribute to…促成,起作用,有助于

make a contribution to/towards向……捐赠;对…作出贡献

注意: 以上短语中to为介词;

1)He contributed to the church.他向教会捐款。

2)He often contributes to this newspaper.他经常向这家报社投稿。

3)Cigarette smoking is a major factor contributing to cancer.吸烟是导致癌症的主要因素。【即境活用】Some of the most important achievements in physics ____________their success to these mathematical systems.

A. oblige

B. owe

C. contribute

D. devote

答案:C

【重点短语】

1.put forward 提出(建议等);推荐某人或自己任职位;提名

【相关短语】

put on穿上;增加put on performances演出

put an end to结束;终止put off推迟;延期;

put one's heart into全神贯注于put down写下

put out生产;扑灭put back放回;送回

put up举起;张贴put through接通电话

put up举起; 抬起; 张贴; 公布put sb. up为……提供食宿

put up with忍受; 忍耐; 受苦

He put forward a better plan.

他提出了一个更好的计划

Can I put you/your name forward for golf club secretary?

我推荐你(提名让你)担任高尔夫球俱乐部的秘书好吗?

He puts forward several interesting plans.

他提出了几项令人感兴趣的计划

It’s an explanation often put fo rward by our friend.

这是我们的朋友经常做出的解释。

【即境活用】We were roommates. At that time, I have to ________________ her bad temper. A. put forward B. put up with C. put up D. put off

答案:B

2. apart from 除……之外

1)from是介词,后面要跟名词、代词或动名词。

2)apart from也可以表示“脱离开” 如:

There can be no knowledge apart from practice.

没有知识能脱离实践。

【归纳比较】apart from/except for/except/except that /besides/in addition to

1)apart from在表“除……外(别无)”时相当于besides和except for,但apart from还有“除……

以外(还)”之意。另外,apart from, except for都可用于句首,但except不能。

2)exce pt“除……”(不包括其后的宾语),besides“除了……还”(包括其后的宾语)。另外,besides 还可以作副词“并且,而且”

3)but for表示“如果不是由于……”之意(=If it were not for…或If it had not been for…)。

4) in addition to 相当于besides“除……之外,还有”(包括除去内容在内)

5)except that 后面跟句子,用来表示理由或细节

Apart from a few faults,he is a trustworthy teacher.

除了少数的几个缺点外,他是个值得信赖的老师

Apart from being too large, the trousers don’t suit me.

这条裤子不但太大,而且我穿着也不合适

【即境活用】I know nothing about the young lady___she is from Beijing.

A. except

B. except for

C. except that

D. besides

答案:C

2.The suit fitted him well___the colour was a little brighter.

A. except for

B. except that

C. except when

D. besides

答案:B

3. make sense讲得通;有道理

如果想表示某人所说的话或提议,没道理、行不通。我们经常说:

It doesn’t make any sense.

【归纳拓展】make sense of 理解;明白

make no sense 没有道理;没有意义

in a sense 就某种意义来说

in no sense 决不是,决非

There is no sense in doing sth.做什么没有道理

Your story doesn’t make sense to me.

你编的故事我听不明白

It makes good sense to take good care of your health.

照顾好你的身体是明智的

【即境活用】

1. No matter how I tried to read it, the sentence didn’t ___________to me.

A. understand

B. make out

C. turn out

D. make sense

答案: D

2. I have read the material several times, but it doesn't make any ________ to me.

A. meaning

B. importance

C. sense

D. significance

答案:C

【重点句型】

1. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.

每当(霍乱)爆发时,都有成千上万的人病死。

①Every time I catch a cold ,I have in my back .

我每次感冒背就痛。

②The first time I climbed onto the wall,I felt very nervous. 我第一次爬到墙上去时。感到很紧张。

③She let out a cry the moment she saw the snake.

她一看到蛇就叫了起来

④I left immediately the clock struck 5.

钟敲了五下我就离开了。

【语法全析】

过去分词作定语和表语

(The Past Participle as the Attribute and the Predicative)

分词是动词的一种非谓语形式,主要起形容词和副词的作用,可以作定语、表语或是状语等分词有两种,一种是现在分词,一种是过去分词。这两种分词在句子中能担任的成分大体相同,主要是在“意思”上有主动和被动之分。过去分词一般有被动和完成两大特征

定语表“完成”或“被动”boiled water开水fallen leaves落叶

the risen sun升起的太阳selected apples 精选苹果

spoken English英语口语iced beer冰镇啤酒

cooked food熟食fried chips炸土豆条单个的过去分词作定语时,

一般放在被修饰词语之前

(如上例),也可以放在所

修饰词语的后面

Hurry up,there is only a little time left.

快点,时间不多了。

If you wish everything changed,please say so.

你如果希望改变一切,请说明。

过去分词短语作定语时,须

将分词放在被修饰的词语

之后,功能相当于一个定语

从句

Near the window,there is a bookshelf filled

with many books(=which is filled with many books).

靠近窗户,有一个装满书的书架。

Her daughter,brought up by me(=who was brought

up by me)has begun to work now.

由我带大的她的女儿现在已经参加工作了。

表语当“人”作主语时用过去分

词作表语,表示主语的状态

或思想感情等

When we heard of it,we were deeply moved.

当我们听到这件事时,被深深地感动了。

He seemed quite delighted at the idea.

听到这个想法,他似乎很高兴。

过去分词作表语不要与被

动语态混为一体。分词作表

语表示主语的状态,而被动

语态则表示被动的动作

My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态)

My glasses were broken by my son.

我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作)

On the earth,70% of the surface is covered with water.地球表面

70%是被水覆盖的。(状态)

I was greatly surprised by a knock at the door.

敲门声使我大为吃惊。(动作)

【语法专练】

1. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless______ every day.

A. watered

B. watering

C. water

D. to water

2.Zhuhou, _______ on the Xiang River, is an important city, second only to Changsha.

A. located

B. locating

C. being located

D. to be located

3. All the preparations for the work_______, we’re ready to start.

A. are completed

B. have been completed

C. completed

D. had been completed

4. _____ with the accident, he was forced to resign.

A. Concerned

B. Concerning

C. Having concerned

D. Be concerned

5. They spent the whole night______ in the room waiting for the thief to come.

A. having locked

B. locking

C. locked

D. to be locked

答案:1~5 AACAC

【高考零距离】

1(2012?浙江卷? T11)11. "It's a such nice place," Mother said as she sat at the table________ for customs.

A. to be reserved

B. Living reserved

C. reserving

D. reserved

【解析】选D。非谓语—过去分词。reserve和谓语动词sat之间没有连词,故用非谓语,且和其逻辑主语the table逻辑上构成被动关系,故用过去分词表示被动、完成的概念,在句子中做后置定语。

2(2012?四川卷? T12)12. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ____.

A. washed

B. wash

C. washing

D. to wash

【解析】选A。本题考查非谓语动词。考查过去分词作宾语补足语。此题中使役动词get 后接的宾语car与作宾语补足语的动词wash之间为被动关系,构成短语:get sth. done。故答案选A。句意为:在驱车进城之前,你必须将你的车洗了。

3(2011?福建卷? T23)Tsinghua University, in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.

A. found

B. founding

C. founded

D. to be founded

【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意为:建立于1911年的清华大学是成就大量杰出人物的所在地。Tsinghua University(清华大学)和found(建立)之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语,选C。

4.(2010·全国卷II·T8)My mother opened drawer to_________the knives and spoons.

A.put away

B.put up

C.put on

D.put together

【解析】选A。考查动词词组辨析。put away 放好,收拾起来;put up举起,搭建,张贴,挂起;put on 穿上,戴上;put together 组装,装配,把…凑合起来

5.(2010·山东卷·T31)31. Your house is always so neat—how do you ______ it with three children?

A. manage

B. serve

C. adapt

D. construct

【解析】选A。本题考查动词在具体语境中的使用。句意应为“你家里总是那么整洁-----家里有三个孩子,你是怎么设法做到的?”表示“设法做成某事”用manage it。serve 表示“为……服务;接待”;adapt 表示“使适应,使适合”;construct表示“建造,构筑;构思”。

6.(2010·上海卷·T33)Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues —______with her stories.

A. amused

B. amusing

C. to amuse

D. to be amused

【解析】选A。本题考查非谓语动词。keep+sb. /sth. +done,根据句意,sb.与它后面的动词成被动关系,故选A.

7.(2010·四川·T4) A great number of students said they were forced to practise the piano.

A. to question

B. to be questioned

C. questioned

D. questioning

【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词作定语。question与students 存在被动关系,question表示的动作也已完成,故用过去分词。

8. (2006·福建卷) _______for the breakdown of the school computer network,Alice was in low spirits.

A.Blaming B.Blamed C.To blame D.To be blamed

【解析】选B。本题考查过去分词作原因状语。根据题意可以将原句转换为:

“As Alice was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer, she was in low spirits.”选择B选项

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