空中领航学(E_06)

is to have in your mind the Morse code symbols you expect to hear, an then listen carefully to the ident to verify that you have the correct NDB;
• Check that it is ADFing.
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ADF Operation
As a general rule, the following procedure applies: • Switch on; • Select ADF and tune the frequency of the NDB; • Identify the signal from the NDB. The best approach
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空 中
Ident
Ident Ident Frequency 212 KHz
领 航 学
Position
Rated coverage
Detailed information for each NDB is presented in the ERSA.
空 中 领 航 学
The NDB-ADF system is used for the following purposes: I?); • orientation (where am I?); • en route navigation (tracking from point); point to point); points; • holding over specified points; and approaches. • instrument approaches.
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NDB Reliability
Most NDBs are installed in pairs, with a main and standby in case of failure, and are extremely reliable aids. Civil Aviation Safety Authority personnel at nearby aerodromes monitor the NDBs within range, but NDBs in remote areas should be monitored by pilots and any faults reported by radio to allow early rectification.
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NDB details on an ERC-L. NDB details on a VTC.
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To convey information to the pilot, ADF indicators use three different presentations: • the fixed-card ADF, or relative bearing indicator (RBI); • the manually rotatable card, and • the radio magnetic indicator (RMI).
340M
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NDB-ADF Combination
The NDB (non-directional beacon) is a ground radio transmitter; and the ADF (automatic direction finder) is a receiver in the aircraft.
The pilot is able to determine with reference to the aircraft magnetic heading a position line between the aircraft and NDB.
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relative bearing indicator (RBI).
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It is sometimes convenient to describe the bearing of the NDB relative to the nose or tail of the aeroplane.
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Automatic Direction Finder (ADF)
Components and Principle of Operation The basic purpose of the ADF is to indicate to the pilot the direction of the NDB to which the ADF is tuned. The ADF needle points directly towards the selected NDB ground station.
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Two types of NDB transmission antennas.
The transmitter power of most NDBs is between 100 W and 3,000W.
ADF dual needles
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空 中 领 航 学
Receiver The receiver and associated control panel is used to tune the ADF to the frequency of the NDB that you have selected to use. Antenna The modern ADF antenna system actually consists of two aerials: a loop aerial and a sense aerial.
Air Navigation 北京航空航天大学飞行学院
Chapter 6 Radio Navigation Aids
空 中
Air Navigation
课件制作 课源自文库讲授
王惠民
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Chapter 6 Radio Navigation Aids
空 中 领 航 学
A correctly tuned ADF indicates the direction of a selected NDB from the aircraft. NM
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Non-Directional Beacon (NDB)
Non-directional beacons are simple ground-based transmitters that radiate an omni-directional (all directions) signal. Nearly all NDBs in Australia operate on frequencies between 200 kHz and 400 kHz. Most NDBs are primarily short-distance navigation aids, useful for distances less than 200 nm.
Note: Never trust a signal that has not been accurately identified.
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Different Types of ADF Indicator
The RBI shows relative bearings
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Each time the aeroplane changes its magnetic heading, it will carry the fixed card with it, but the needle continues to point at the station. Therefore: With each change of magnetic heading, the ADF needle will indicate a different relative bearing.
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ADF components.
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ADF receiver ADF single needle
空 中 领 航 学
Broadcasting Stations
Broadcasting stations operating in the range of 500– 1,600 kHz may also be received on an ADF.
• they can be difficult to identify; • you can be easily distracted by them; • they may be unreliable; and • no information on range is published.
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Where to Find Details of an NDB
NDB frequencies, ident codes and geographical positions are found in the following publications: • En Route Supplement Australia (ERSA); • en route charts (ERC); • visual navigation charts (VNC); and • visual terminal charts (VTC).
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Fixed-Card ADF
On the fixed-card display, the ADF needle indicates the relative bearing of the NDB ground station from the aeroplane. A fixed-card ADF is a
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Cockpit Display The ADF cockpit display consists of a compass, or azimuth, card placed vertically on the instrument panel, with a pointer or needle that rotates through the full 360º. º