2020年3月8日山东省高2020届高2017级高三下学期开学收心检测英语试题

高三开学收心检测

英语

注意事项:

1. 答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2. 回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。

3. 考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分,满分37. 5分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Some of the greatest scientists of all time are women who have made important discoveries in a variety of fields in science. Several of their contributions throughout history are even more than men's contributions. Our list of the most famous female scientists below are organized in order of popularity so you can read about the advancements that they made. Marie Curie (1867-1934)

Famous For: Work on radioactivity

Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize and the only woman to win this award in two fields: Physics and Chemistry. She discovered polonium and radium and her work helped with the creation of X-rays. Jane Goodall (1934)

Famous For: Primate (灵长类)studies

Jane Goodall is known world-wide for her groundbreaking studies on primates. She is considered as the top expert on chimps in the world and is perhaps best known for her 45-year study on the social lives of these animals in Tanzania.

Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909-2012)

Famous For: Nerve growth studies

Rita Levi-Montalcini was a neurologist (神经病学家)who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1986 for her findings in Nerve Growth Factor (NGF). She was the first Nobel prize winner to live past her 100th birthday.

Lise Meitner (1878-1968)

Famous For: Work on radioactivity and nuclear physics

Lise Meitner was a key member of a group that discovered nuclear fission (裂变). One of her colleagues, Otto Hahn, was given the Noble Prize for this work. That Meitner didn't get the award is considered to be a huge error by the Nobel committee.

1. Who is still contributing to the world?

A. Marie Curie.

B. Jane Goodall.

C. Rita Levi-Montalcini.

D. Lise Meitner.

2. What did Rita Levi-Montalcini reseach on?

A. Nerve growth.

B. The wildlife.

C. Nuclear explosion.

D. Radioactivity.

3. What do we know about Lise Meitner?

A. She was awarded the Nobel Prize.

B. She made a big mistake in her work.

C. She did lots of studies about nerve growth.

D. She made great contributions to nuclear physics.

B

Knowing more about science than the average middle student, Caroline Crouchley,, 13 , of Garden City is a finalist in the 2019 3M Young Scientist Challenge. The annual competition tasks students in grades fifth to eighth with making a video tracing a unique solution to an everyday problem. Crouchley is one of 10 finalists chosen out of thousands of students this year.

After watching her brother enter the competition several years ago, Crouchley, who has always loved science, couldn't wait for her turn. In May, she submitted a two-minute video about her idea to the organizer to create growing methods of public transportation. When she found out she was a finalist in June, she couldn't believe it.

Crouchley's project was inspired by the construction she sees every day outside her window in Garden City, as well as the Long Island Railroad's recent expansion. She noticed transportation causes pollution in her community, and she was determined to find a way to stop it.

“Maybe one day, we can have better technology and find a way to help the environment,,,” Crouchley said. In her video, Crouchley explains that the use of fossil fuels let out by public transportation is a major cause of environmental problems. She believes technology that reduces the need for a diesel (柴油)engine or an electric motor is the solution. To show her idea in action, she designed a new type of train.

Crouchley created a computerized system design model for her train using an engineering program called Autodesk Inventor. She brought the train to life using a 3D printer, magnets (磁铁)and a solar-powered air compressor (压缩机).Crouchley said it took a long time to develop her ideas and make the video. She had to work under deadlines, too, which she said was stressful.

4. What's the competition about?

A. Solving daily problems.

B. Knowing about science.

C. Meeting personal curiosity.

D. Answering the question on science.

5. Which can replace the underlined word “tracing" in paragraph 1?

A. arresting

B. overcoming

C. describing

D. accumulating

6. What's the purpose of Crouchley's project?

A. To help protect the environment.

B. To invent a new kind of transportation.

C. To inspire teenagers to struggle for their dreams.

D. To find a solution to avoid using transportation.

7. Which of the following best describes Crouchley?