北外口译翻译技巧资料(英译汉)
北京外国语大学英语口译、英语笔译考研参考资料——术语分享
北京外国语大学英语口译、英语笔译考研参考资料——术语分享在备考北外英语口译和英语笔译的过程中，要不断地加强对词汇的积累，同时也要注意一些术语和固定用法的翻译。
下文为中央编译局发布的权威英译——关于国务院组成部门和屠呦呦演讲的相关术语。
国务院组成部门：中华人民共和国司法部：Ministry of Justice of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国外交部：Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republi c of China中华人民共和国水利部：M inistry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国国土资源部：M inistry of Land and Resources of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国国家安全：M inistry of State Security of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国国家人口和计划生育委员会：National Population and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国人力资源和社会保障部：Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国农业部：M inistry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国科学技术部：M inistry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国文化部：Mi nistry of Culture of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国交通运输部：M inistry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部：Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会：National Development and Reform Commission of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国教育部：M inistry of Education of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国国家民族事务委员会：State Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国审计署：N ational Audit Office of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国环境保护总局：Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国卫生部：M inistry of Health of the People’s Republic of Ch ina中华人民共和国工业和信息化部：Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国国防部：M inistry of National Defense of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国公安部：M inistry of Public Security of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国监察部：M inistry of Supervision of the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国商务部：Mi nistry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国财政部：M inistry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国铁道部：M inistry of Railways of the People’s Republic of Chin a中国人民银行：P eople’s Bank of China中华人民共和国民政部：M inistry of Civil Affairs of the People’s Republic of China 屠呦呦演讲稿术语：ANN：artificial neural network硼氢化钠：sodium borohydride样品：sample恶性疟原虫：Plasmodium falciparum青蒿素：arteannuin药学：pharmacy青蒿素复方药物治疗：Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies, ACTs恶性疟疾：malignant malaria药典：pharmacopeia治疗：therapy卫生部：Ministry of Health分析化学：analytic chemistry双氢青蒿素：dihydroartemisinin低毒：low-toxicity立体结构：stereoscopic structure羰基：carbonyl青蒿琥酯：sodium artesunate分子量：molecular weight溶剂：solventCT：computerized tomography蒿乙醚：Artemotil碱溶液：alkali solution世界卫生组织：WHO (World Health Organization) 疟原虫：plasmodium蒿甲醚：Artemether羟基: h ydroxyl低温提取：low temperature extraction分子结构：molecular construction抗药性：Drug resistance疟疾：malaria衍生物：derivative有机化学：organic chemistry。
北外英汉翻译笔记
北外英汉翻译笔记第一部分：数词的译法一、数字增减的译法：1.句式特征：by＋名词＋比较级＋thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长3英寸。
2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋to+n.译为：增加到。
或减少到。
Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50.金属切割机已经减少到50台。
二、百分数增减的表示法与译法1.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋％The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了35％2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋by＋％Retail salses should rise by 8%商品零售额应增加3％The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本减少60％3.句式特征：表示减少意义的动词＋to+%表示减少后剩余的数量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺，铁的损失量减少到20％4.句式特征：％＋比较级＋than表示净增减的数量Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year.今年零售额与去年相比，有望增加9％。
5.句式特征：％＋比较级＋名词表示净减数The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied. 新型机械能耗量净减10％6.句式特征：a + % + increase表示净增数There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比，今年钢产量净增20％7.句式特征：％+ (of) 名词（代词）表示净减数，数字n照译The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年产值仅为去年的60％8.句式特征：%＋up on 或over表示净增数The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20％。
北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研(英语口译、英语笔译)―如何翻译英(精)
北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研(英语口译、英语笔译—如何翻译英语习语北外英语口译和英语笔译(翻译硕士MTI考研中,也会出现一些习语。
考研翻译中的习语翻译也是有一定技巧的,下面从直译、意译、套译三个方面进行详细解说。
一、直译直译不仅能再现原文的意义和语言形式,还能保持其生动形象的比喻以及新颖独特的表达手法,既能读者体会原习语的风采,又能丰富汉语表达形式。
例如,“条条大路通罗马”、“特洛伊木马”等,便通过直译的方式,进入汉语并成为汉语语言的一部分。
一般而言,英语习语若在形、义上,与汉语习语相同或基本相似的,常可采用直译。
例:1、to be armed to the teeth:武装到牙齿2、Time is money:时间就是金钱3、to shed crocodile tears:掉鳄鱼眼泪4、as cold as ice:冰冷5、to trim the sail to the wind:看风使帆6、Too many cooks spoil the broth:厨子多了煮坏汤。
7、Blood is thicker than water:血浓于水。
直译加注法有些习语直译,仍无法把原意清楚准确地表达出来,便可采用直译加注释法。
例:1、a bull in a china shop:公牛闯进瓷器店–肆意捣乱2、to shed crocodile tears:流鳄鱼眼泪–假慈悲3、People considered that what he had played on that occasion was no more than a Judas kiss.人们认为他在那种场合所表演的不过是犹大之吻–居心险恶。
4、The favors of Government are like the box of Pandora, with this important difference; that they rarely leave hope at bottom.政府的恩惠如同潘多拉的盒子,后患无穷,主要不同之处是:盒底很少留有希望。
北外经典英语翻译中级口译(一)
北外经典英语翻译中级口译（一）Part 1 English into Chinese[//表示停顿]International Cooperation Against Transnational Organized CrimeOrganized crime groups pose challenges as never before to societies everywhere. Whether involved in drug trafficking, money laundering, people smuggling or outright terrorism they operate in a sophisticated way without regard to national frontiers. The profits of crime are vast. The International Monetary Fund has stated that he aggregate size of money laundering in the world could be somewhere between two and five per cent of the world’s gross domesticproduct.src=“/catti/Files/2006-9/9/1519177283.gif” width=250 border=0 name=AD_96>Putting a dollar figure on that, it is estimated that money laundering activity could now involve as much as 1.5 trillion US dollars a year, and it seems likely that half of that figure is attributable to the proceeds of drugtrafficking.//Given that profits of this scale can be made, the temptations for people at all levels to get involved are manifest, and we must clearly understand and beak down the vicious cycle that exists between money laundering)and corruption: corruption has to be well funded to, succeed in its object of corrupting public officials and others, and that is being achieved all too often by the use of illicit assets.The manner in which we respond to this problem is not only a test of our concern for a safer world, but a measure of our determination to create a decent future for coning generations.//In the wake of the events of 11 September 2001, a war against terrorism is being pursued on various fronts. This includes a direct assault on money laundering, which is now recognized, more so than ever before, as an insidious crime which is all pervasive. It threatens the stability of our societies. It undermines our financial institutions. It challenges our national security.As a transnational crime, money laundering can only be combated through close cooperation among national authorities efforts by states acting alone to attack the economic power ofcriminal groups will not succeed if other states do not take complementary action. In the absence of a coordinated and effective international framework, all too often non-participating countries offer criminals safe havens for laundering funds.//And as patterns of crime develop and become mere sophisticated and profitable, we in law enforcement must be adequately resourced, fully trained, and efficiently deployed We must prosecute the organized criminals, size their assets, and disrupt their operations. The fight against money laundering will be a protracted and complex process, and we must be prepaid to play a long game. Our societies expect no less of us.For when we fight money laundering, we fight organized crime. When we fight money laundering, we keep drugs out playgrounds and away from our kids. We keep weapons out of the hands of terrorists. We protect small business. And we safeguard the human dignity of women and children trafficked into forced labor and prostitution. When we stop criminals from enjoying the of their illicit activity, we serve the cause of freedom and justice. For law enforcement, there is no higher calling.//。
(整理)北外英语专业超全面翻译笔记近10万字.
第一部分：数词的译法一、数字增减的译法：1.句式特征：by＋名词＋比较级＋thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长3英寸。
2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋to+n.译为：增加到。
或减少到。
Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50.金属切割机已经减少到50台。
二、百分数增减的表示法与译法1.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋％The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了35％2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋by＋％Retail salses should rise by 8%商品零售额应增加3％The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本减少60％3.句式特征：表示减少意义的动词＋to+%表示减少后剩余的数量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺，铁的损失量减少到20％4.句式特征：％＋比较级＋than表示净增减的数量Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year.今年零售额与去年相比，有望增加9％。
5.句式特征：％＋比较级＋名词表示净减数The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied. 新型机械能耗量净减10％6.句式特征：a + % + increase表示净增数There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比，今年钢产量净增20％7.句式特征：％+ (of) 名词（代词）表示净减数，数字n照译The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年产值仅为去年的60％8.句式特征：%＋up on 或over表示净增数The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20％。
北外英汉翻译笔记
北外英汉翻译笔记第一部分：数词的译法一、数字增减的译法：1.句式特征：by＋名词＋比较级＋thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长3英寸。
2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋to+n.译为：增加到。
或减少到。
Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50.金属切割机已经减少到50台。
二、百分数增减的表示法与译法1.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋％The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了35％2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋by＋％Retail salses should rise by 8%商品零售额应增加3％The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本减少60％3.句式特征：表示减少意义的动词＋to+%表示减少后剩余的数量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺，铁的损失量减少到20％4.句式特征：％＋比较级＋than表示净增减的数量Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year.今年零售额与去年相比，有望增加9％。
5.句式特征：％＋比较级＋名词表示净减数The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied. 新型机械能耗量净减10％6.句式特征：a + % + increase表示净增数There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比，今年钢产量净增20％7.句式特征：％+ (of) 名词（代词）表示净减数，数字n照译The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年产值仅为去年的60％8.句式特征：%＋up on 或over表示净增数The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20％。
北外翻译硕士英语口笔译复习资料 英语翻译基础 英语翻译技巧
北外翻译硕士英语口笔译复习资料英语翻译基础英语翻译技巧英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。
掌握一些常用的翻译技巧，把这些翻译技巧运用到平时的翻译练习中，会使备考翻译基础这门课变得简单，也会使你平时做起翻译来事半功倍。
下面介绍一些常用的翻译方法：1、增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时需要增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。
这种方式多半用在汉译英里。
汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。
英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。
英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。
因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。
英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。
因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。
英语句子离不开介词和冠词。
另外，在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。
总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。
如：（1）What about calling him right away?马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？（增译主语和谓语）（2）If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！（增译主句）（3）Indeed,the reverse is true实际情况恰好相反。
北外英汉翻译笔记
北外英汉翻译笔记第一部分：数词的译法一、数字增减的译法：1.句式特征：by＋名词＋比较级＋thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长3英寸。
2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋to+n.译为：增加到。
或减少到。
Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50.金属切割机已经减少到50台。
二、百分数增减的表示法与译法1.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋％The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了35％2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋by＋％Retail salses should rise by 8%商品零售额应增加3％The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本减少60％3.句式特征：表示减少意义的动词＋to+%表示减少后剩余的数量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺，铁的损失量减少到20％4.句式特征：％＋比较级＋than表示净增减的数量Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year.今年零售额与去年相比，有望增加9％。
5.句式特征：％＋比较级＋名词表示净减数The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied. 新型机械能耗量净减10％6.句式特征：a + % + increase表示净增数There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比，今年钢产量净增20％7.句式特征：％+ (of) 名词（代词）表示净减数，数字n照译The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年产值仅为去年的60％8.句式特征：%＋up on 或over表示净增数The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20％。
北外翻译学 英汉同传复习资料 英汉互译 翻译技巧
北外翻译学英汉同传复习资料英汉互译翻译技巧1.拆句法和合并法：这是两种相对应的翻译方法。
拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子，通常用于英译汉；合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句，一般用于汉译英。
汉语强调意合，结构较松散，因此简单句较多；英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较多。
所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句；而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处，以及意群结束处将长句切断，译成汉语分句。
这样就可以基本保留英语语序，顺译全句，顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。
如：（1）Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.同中国加强合作，符合美国的利益。
（在主谓连接处拆译）（2）I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。
中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。
（在定语从句前拆译）（3）This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth,who see Britain’s membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account。
英联邦各国尤其如此，它们认为英国加入欧共体，将能保证欧共体的政策照顾到它们的利益。
北外英语翻译硕士MTI口译、笔译考研复习资料之三十六计的英文表达
第九计 隔岸观火 第九计 watching a fire from the other side of the river 隔岸观火 英文注释： Delay entering the field of battle until all the other players have become exhausted fighting amongst themselves. Then go in at full strength and pick up the pieces.
第十六计 欲擒故纵 letting the enemy off in order to catch him 英文注释： Cornered prey will often mount a final desperate attack. To prevent this you let the enemy believe he still has a chance for freedom. His will to fight is thus dampened by his desire to escape. When in the end the freedom is proven a falsehood the enemy's morale will be defeated and he will surrender without a fight.
北外mti中英会议口译
北外mti中英会议口译近年来随着全球化的进程加速，国际交往的频繁与深入，口译的重要性不断凸显。
翻译研究所中英会议口译课程特别针对口译的基本技能以及应用技能进行深入的研究，以提高口译人才的核心竞争力。
以下是北外mti中英会议口译课程的学习内容和相关参考内容。
一、语言功底语言功底是口译的基本功，为掌握语言功底，基础知识的掌握是必须的。
本课程要求学员必须具备良好的英语基础，掌握英语基础句型、词汇以及语法等方面的知识。
此外，对源语语言的掌握，如中文、俄文等也是至关重要的。
二、翻译技巧在语言功底比较扎实的基础上，要掌握翻译的基本技巧，如正确使用翻译工具、不断积累翻译资料以及注重字词的拼写等。
此外，在翻译过程中，要注重音调、语气以及节奏等方面的转换，快速、准确地将来源语表达转化为目标语的表达。
三、背景知识和文化素养口译涉及的主题广泛，不同的会议主题需要掌握不同的背景知识；同时，不同的语言和文化背景也需要相应的了解和素养。
因此，学员需要注重源语语言和目标语语言的文化属性的掌握，做到背景知识的深入研究和不断积累。
四、思维灵活性和反应快速性在会议场上，由于时下紧促，口译工作需要考验学员的思维灵活性和反应快速性。
因此，与会人员表达思想时，要认真聆听，快速准确地捕捉重点并将其转化为目标语表达；同时在表达自己的思想时，也需要掌握一定的技巧，以保证能够快速、准确地表达自己的意思。
以上是北外mti中英会议口译课程的核心内容和参考内容。
在翻译工作中，语言功底、翻译技巧、背景知识和文化素养以及思维灵活性和反应快速性都是必不可少的因素。
通过长期的学习和实践，口译人才才能不断提高自己的水平，提高核心竞争力。
北京外国语大学英语口笔译翻译硕士考研资料——中译英最新词汇(一)
北京外国语大学英语口笔译翻译硕士考研资料——中译英最新词汇（一）和而不同：harmony in diversity/harmony without uniformity文艺应当贴近群众，贴近生活，贴近实际：Culture and arts should be/keep close to the people, their lives and reality.社会文化和图书馆事业:work of community culture and libraries经营性文化单位:cultural enterprises新能源观:new thinking on energy development具有中国气派的社会主义文化:Chinese-style socialist culture socialist culture with Chinese appeal“五个一工程奖”:the Best Works Award文化事业:public cultural undertakings全国重点文物保护单位:important heritage site under state protection科学发展观:scientific outlook on development弘扬主旋律，提倡多样化:promote mainstream values and uphold cultural diversity 文化体制改革:reform of cultural administrative system国家一级演员:National Class-A Actor/Actress/Performer/Artist文艺工作:cultural and art work/work in the cultural field“荷花奖”:Lotus Award (for professional dance)“文化扶贫计划”:Culture-aid Program/Cultural Aid Program我们不能割断民族的文化血脉:We must never sever the cultural vein of our nation. 全国一级文物保护单位:Class A Heritage site under state protection实现社会公平与正义:ensure equity and justice减少社会不平等现象:reduce social inequalities古为今用、洋为中用:旧译：let the ancient serve the present, let the foreign serve the national；现译：draw from past and foreign achievements扶持体现民族特色和国家水准的重大文化项目和艺术院团:support major/topnotch cultural projects and art troupes that represent national characteristics and national level“文华奖”:Splendor Award (for professional theatrical artworks)和则两利:Reconciliation benefits both Peace benefits both.和实生物，同则不继（西周周太史史伯）:Harmony generates and sameness stops/stifles vitality民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化: a socialist culture that is distinctly Chinese, pro-science and people-oriented以平等互利为核心的新发展观:new thinking on development based on equality and mutual benefit廉政文化建设:foster a culture of clean government坚持科学发展、和谐发展、和平发展:Pursue scientific, harmonious and peaceful development对外文化贸易:international cultural trade“全国舞台精品工程”:Works of Excellence on the Nation's Stage树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观:to foster a right/correct outlook/view on the world, life and values“三下乡”（文化、科技、卫生）:Bringing Culture/Science and Technology/Hygienic Health to the Countryside县县都有文化馆、图书馆，乡乡都有文化站:There should be cultural center and library in every county and cultural station in every township.保护和振兴地方戏曲\:protect and rejuvenate local operas诚信缺失:lack of credibility始终把社会效益放在首位:always put social benefit first“群星奖”:Galaxy Award (for amateur artists and community culture)经营性文艺演出:commercial (art and cultural) performance协办、支持:co-sponsored by, supported by和则生谐：Reconciliation leads to harmony.“国家清史纂修工程”：National Project for the Recompilation of Qing Dynasty History文化（事业内部）机制改革：internal reform of cultural institutions曲艺：Quyi folk show; chuyi folk show (folk ballads and story-telling, etc.)主张形成以尊重多样性为特点的新文明观：foster a new thinking on civilization that respects diversity艺术滋润心灵，文化陶冶情操：Art nurtures the soul and culture cultivates the mind. 推动树立以互信、互利、平等和协作为主要内容的新安全观：foster a new thinking on security featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination君子和而不同：Gentlemen seek harmony but not uniformity.和谐相处：live in harmony电视覆盖从行政村向自然村延伸TV ：coverage extends from incorporated villages to unincorporated villages.文化事业单位：cultural institutions避免经济增长由偏快转为过热：Prevent rapid economic growth from becoming overheated对外文化宣传：international cultural publicity牢牢把握先进文化的前进方向：firmly keep to the direction of an advanced culture/cultural advancement中国真诚愿意兼收并蓄、博采各种文明之长：China is eager to draw on/upon the strengths of other civilizations.策划：Executive Producer倡导公正、合理的新秩序观：call for the establishment of a new just and equitable order“全国文化信息资源共享工程”：National Project for the Sharing of Cultural Information and Resources整顿小煤矿取得了阶段性成果：Major progress has been made in the current stage of our efforts to bring order to small coalmines.和为贵：Harmony is most precious/Peace is to be cherished.保证人民的知情权、参与权、表达权和监督权：Ensure people's right to know, to participate, to express and to supervise.承办：presented by对外文化传播：international cultural communication实事求是：Pursue a realistic and pragmatic approach讴歌时代：extol/hail/sing praise to (the progress of) the times发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享："development for the people, by the people and to the benefit, of the people"和谐社会的内涵：the characteristics of a harmonious society“孔雀奖”：Peacock Award (for ethnic minority artists and artworks)顾问：Advisor小额文化援助：small-fund aid for cultural development“三个一百”：“A Hundred Patriotic Films/Songs/Books” List解放思想：Free our minds监制：supervised by和也者，天下之达道也（《中庸》）：Harmony is the Way to be. (The Doctrine of the Mean)文化产业：cultural industries文化市场，文化贸易：cultural market, cultural trade和谐共赢：all-win harmony/harmony and all winners不搞一刀切：without imposing a single solution主办：under the auspices of / sponsored by / hosted by疏导公众情绪：defuse (public) anger/discontent to properly channel public sentiments国家一级保护文物：Class A heritage/cultural property under national protection中央财政2003—2006年超收较多：The central government revenue exceeded targets by a fair amount for the years 2003 through 2006.和谐凝聚力量，和谐成就伟业：Harmony rallies strength and leads to great successes. 创意：event/concept designed by文化是维系中华民族生生不息、蔓延不断的精神纽带：Culture is the spiritual bond that ensures the continuity of our Chinese nation.天人合一：the unity of man/human and nature; Heaven-Man Oneness(书面); Heavenand man are one(口译)晚会：Evening performance, Soiree, Gala Night/Evening全面落实科学发展观：Fully apply (put into practice) the Scientific Outlook (Thinking) on Development总策划：Producer（文章来源：中央编译局）。
北外英汉翻译笔记
北外英汉翻译笔记第一部分：数词的译法一、数字增减的译法： 1. 句式特征： by ＋名词＋比较级＋thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长 3 英寸。
2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋ to+n. 译为：增加到。
或减少到。
Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50.金属切割机已经减少到 50 台。
二、百分数增减的表示法与译法 1. 句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋％The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了 35 ％2. 句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋ by ＋％Retail salses should rise by 8%商品零售额应增加3％The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本减少60 ％3. 句式特征：表示减少意义的动词＋ to+% 表示减少后剩余的数量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺，铁的损失量减少到20 ％ 4. 句式特征：％＋比较级＋than表示净增减的数量Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year. 今年零售额与去年相比，有望增加9 ％。
5. 句式特征：％＋比较级＋名词表示净减数The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied.新型机械能耗量净减 10 ％6. 句式特征： a + % +increase表示净增数There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比，今年钢产量净增 20 ％7. 句式特征：％ + (of)名词（代词）表示净减数，数字 n 照译The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year. 今年产值仅为去年的 60 ％ 8. 句式特征： % ＋up on或 over 表示净增数The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up onthat of 1978.去年粮食产量比 1978年净增 20 ％。
北外英汉同传、北外翻译硕士考试汉译英牢记”八戒“
北外英汉同传、北外翻译硕士考试汉译英牢记“八戒”一、戒“从一而终”汉语言简意赅，句子灵活，往往是一个汉语词汇对应N 个英语词汇，具体到在本句中应该采用哪个意项，务必抓住精神实质，不可以以不变应万变。
至于怎么应变，这就是显示译者功力的地方了。
比如：都是“问题”，下面的翻译各不相同，几乎是打一枪换一个地方。
共同关心的问题questions of common interest；解决问题solve a problem问题的关键the heart of the matter；关键问题 a key problem原则问题a question/matter of principle；没有什么问题without any mishap摩托车有点问题Something is wrong with the motorcycle.；问题不在这里That is not the point. 译者要掌握这种汉英翻译中的“游击战术”，翻译家应是不同“文化王国”边境线上的“游击战略家”。
二、戒望文生义，机械直译这多半是初学者常犯的毛病，他们易于被表面现象所迷惑。
黄牛(yellow cow——ox 前误后正，下同) ；黄鹂(yellow bird ——oriole)黄瓜( yellow melon——cucumber) ；紫菜(purple vegetable ——laver)红木(red wood——padauk) ；红豆杉(red fir——Chinese yew)黑社会(black society ——sinister gang)三、戒“水土不服”，习惯搭配失当这的确是难度系数较大的问题，它要求译者既有较高的中文修养，又要有较高的英文造诣，一知半解的人常常在此“翻车”。
如：写罢，掷笔在桌上。
又歌了一回，再饮数杯酒，不觉沉醉，力不胜酒，便呼酒保计算了，取些银子算还，多的都赏了酒保。
And tossed the pen on the table. He intoned the verses to himself,then downed a few more cups of wine. He was very dunk. Song-Jiang asked for the bill, paid, and told the waiter to keep the change.(沙博里译《水浒传·浔阳楼宋江吟反诗》)目前，《水浒传》最好的英译本要数沙博里先生的本子了。
北外口译翻译技巧资料(英译汉)
英译汉Chapter One 词义的选择、引申和褒贬一．词义的选择（一）根据词性He likes physics.They are shining like gold.Like knows like.(二) 根据上下文联系He is the last man to do it.He should be the last to blame.He is the last man to come.He is the last person for such a job.二．词义的引申（一）将词义做抽象化的引申1．将表示具体形象的词译成该形象代表的属性Every life has its roses and thorns.每个人的生活有甜有苦。
There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of them. 们的性格既残暴，又狡猾。
2．将带有特征性形象的词译成该形象所代表的词see-sawing between partly good and faintly bad 时好时坏这两种情况不断地交替出现Their troops goosestepped into power. 他们的军队耀武扬威地夺取了政权。
（二）将词义做具体化的引申The car in front of me stopped and I missed the green. 我前面的车停下来了，我错过了绿灯。
三．词义的褒贬（一）英语中有些词本身具有褒贬意义He was a man of high renown. 他是位有名望的人。
His notoriety didn’t come until his death. 他的恶名是他死后才传开的。
（二）中立意义的词在上下文中译出褒贬The politician talked about his hopes and ambitions. 我们要求他谈了他的希望和抱负He had lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds. 他欺骗了我，使我成了他进行罪恶勾当的工具。
北京外国语大学高翻复试资料 英汉同声传译技巧
北京外国语大学高翻复试资料英汉同声传译技巧一、谓语动词的处理英语谓语动词一般不会构成同传的障碍，但特定类型的谓语如果处理得当，可以帮助搭好句子框架，减少接续困难，提高同传效率，减轻大脑负担。
不少情况下，英语谓语由动词加名词构成，表示一个动词的意思，这时，我们可以将其译为动词，我们称之为词类转换。
词类转换在同传中是必不可少手段。
例如：My delegation will show flexibility in the consultations on the program of work.可以转换词类，译为“我国代表团将灵活地磋商工作计划”。
采取这种译法，则可以紧跟原文顺序，作到几乎与原文同步结束，为下一句争取了宝贵的时间。
从这个意义上讲，词类转换对同传更为重要英语被动语态谓语的处理也是同传的难点之一。
被动句在同传中可以变为主动句译，但同传时为了达到顺译的目的，还可以采取其它一些变通方法，比如将谓语动词和主语合并译为名词短语作汉语主语：The economic freedom was provided by breaking up large concentration of power.经济自由的获得是因为打破了高度集中的权力。
二、定语的处理方法除单词和较短的片语外，英语的定语通常在后，汉语一般在前。
将英语的后置定语译为中文时理应调整语序，使之符合汉语表达习惯。
同声传译时由于无法预见定语，已经将定语之前的部分先行译出；或者知道有定语，但定语过长，译完定语再译中心词有可能将中心词忘掉，这时，就需要通过灵活变通的办法，在不对原文语序作重大调整的情况下，将定语在中心词之后译出。
综合起来，可以应用以下几种手段：1、独立成句This has been a major engine of economic growth comparable to the earlier experiences in South East Asian neighboring countries.这大大带动了经济增长，类似于东南亚各国早期的发展历程。
北外口译翻译技巧资料
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北外口译翻译技巧资料(英译汉)
英译汉
ＣhapｔerOne词义的选择、引申和褒贬
一．词义的选择
(一）根据词性
Ｈeliｋｅｓphysics.
信息技术将成为21世纪全球经济竞争的中心。
Ｔhe laｒgesｔ Ａmｅricａn cｉｔieｓare aｄｉｖerｓegroup，but theｙshａｒe certａiｎpｒoｂleｍs.
美国的大城市形形色色,却有许多共同的问题。
The exｐａnsionｏｆedｕcatiｏnaｌoppｏrtuniｔiｅsｐromoteｄtheＡｍｅrican iｄeal of equal oppoｒtuｎiｔｙ ｆor all.
Theｙare shiningliｋegold．
Likeｋnowslike.
(二）根据上下文联系
Heｉs the lastｍａnｔｏdo it.
Ｈe shouｌd bｅthe laｓtｔoｂlame.
Ｈe iｓｔhe lasｔmanto coｍe.
Hｅｉｓtheｌast pｅrｓon for suchajoｂ．
我前面的车停下来了，我错过了绿灯。
三．词义的褒贬
(一)英语中有些词本身具有褒贬意义
Hｅwasａmanoｆhｉｇh renｏwｎ.
他是位有名望的人。
Hisｎotorietyｄiｄn’tcoｍe untiｌhisｄｅath.
他的恶名是他死后才传开的。
(二）中立意义的词在上下文中译出褒贬
Theｐolitｉcianｔalkedaｂout his hopｅs and amｂｉtｉons．
北京外国语大学MTI口译考研——口译翻译技巧(二)
北京外国语大学MTI口译考研——口译翻译技巧（二）Chapter Three 分句合句法一．分句法（一）把原句中一个单词译成句子1．副词They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇。
2．形容词He talked with understandable pride about his daughter.他在谈到他女儿的时候很自豪，这是可以理解的。
3．名词The inside of each house depended on the personality of its owner.每个房间内怎样的布置，这要看各个使用者的性格了。
(二) 把短语翻译成句子1．名词短语Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law.能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。
2．介词短语Their power increased with their number.他们人数增加了，力量也随之增加。
(三) 把原文中的一个句子拆开, 变成两个句子Another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations.如果该地区再次发生战争, 显然会使国际关系处于紧张状态。
His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery. 因为他没有遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。
二．合句法（一）把原文中两个或以上的简单句译成一个句子There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from the north.从全国各地来的人中有许多是北方人。
北外英汉同传、翻硕口译复试
北外英汉同传、翻硕口译复试——复述、转述、笔记要领翻译的过程是转达交际意义的过程，而不是两种语言之间简单的形式上的变化过程。
因此记忆是理解的前提与保证，而理解又是记忆的辅助与提高。
在做口译时不仅需要良好的短时记忆来保持刚才听到的信息，而且需要优秀的长时记忆以便分析新信息和已知信息的相互关系。
以下练习就是训练短时和长时记忆力的有效方法。
1.复述口译指导教师可以选择念一段文字或播放一个录音片，让学员用同种类的语言重复听到的内容。
在不允许记任何笔记的条件下，鼓励学员尽最大可能准确地口头再现听到的信息。
建议先从汉语开始，渐渐转向英语，练习内容由易到难，内容长度可以视学员水平逐渐延长，最长不超过15分钟。
2.转述在进行了一定阶段的复述训练之后，可以选择不同主题的语言段落，让学员聆听或阅读该内容，用同种类的语言，按自己的表达和理解进行转述。
同样,不能记笔记。
在训练环节，记忆与理解是同步的，教师可以了解到学员究竟对接收到的信息记住了多少、掌握了多少并且理解了多少，让学生渐渐明白口译中的聆听是通过语言去听意义而不是仅仅听语言的词句。
记忆中包括理解，理解中蕴含记忆。
因此，此转述方法也可被用来练习理解力，先从汉语到汉语的听辨理解，再从英语到汉语英语到英语及汉语到英语的方式练习。
除了提醒注意记忆内容，同时还要强调听语言中的意义，对原语进行逻辑分析。
尤其是当用自己的话语转述信息内容时，要检验原信息的真正含义是否得到了表达，复述是否合情合理。
还可以选择一些主次不分、层次不明、措辞模糊的讲稿，锻炼学员的即席“改写”或“改译”能力。
因为这样的发言在实际工作情景中是颇为常见的。
3.笔记口语的语速和口译的性质决定了口译员用最本能、最直观、最便捷和最省时的方法将主要信息加以记录，并将之作为一种辅助记忆的手段，以备译语生成阶段的提示之需。
经过一定的训练，要让学员养成良好的口译笔记习惯，鼓励不同的笔记风格。
所以，在口译笔记中，译员可以随意选择汉语或英语，或两种语言与符号兼容的记录方式。
北外英汉翻译笔记
北外英汉翻译笔记第一部分：数词的译法一、数字增减的译法：1. 句式特征：by +名词+比较级+ thanThe wire is by three in ches Ion ger tha n that one. 这根导线比那根长3 英寸。
2. 句式特征：表示增减意义的动词+ to+n.译为：增加到。
或减少到。
Metal cutt ing mach ines have bee n decreased to 50. 金属切割机已经减少到50台。
二、百分数增减的表示法与译法1. 句式特征：表示增减意义的动词+%The output value has in creased 35%. 产值增加了35 %2. 句式特征：表示增减意义的动词+ by +%Retail salses should rise by 8% 商品零售额应增加3 %The prime cost decreased by 60%. 主要成本减少60 %3. 句式特征：表示减少意义的动词+ to+%表示减少后剩余的数量By using this n ew-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%. 采用这种新工艺，铁的损失量减少到20 %4. 句式特征：％+ 比较级+ than表示净增减的数量Retail sales are expected to be nine perce nt higher tha n last year .今年零售额与去年相比，有望增加9%。
5. 句式特征：％+比较级+名词表示净减数The n ew-type machi ne wasted 10 perce nt en gergy supplied. 新型机械能耗量净减10 %6. 句式特征：a + % + in crease 表示净增数There is a 20% in crease of steel as compared with last year .与去年相比，今年钢产量净增20 %7. 句式特征：％+ (of)名词(代词)表示净减数，数字n照译The product ion cost is about 60 perce nt that of last year .今年产值仅为去年的60 %8. 句式特征：% + up on 或over表示净增数The grain output of last year in this province was 20% perce nt up on that of 1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20 %。
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英译汉Chapter One 词义的选择、引申和褒贬一．词义的选择（一）根据词性He likes physics.They are shining like gold.Like knows like.(二) 根据上下文联系He is the last man to do it.He should be the last to blame.He is the last man to come.He is the last person for such a job.二．词义的引申（一）将词义做抽象化的引申1．将表示具体形象的词译成该形象代表的属性Every life has its roses and thorns.每个人的生活有甜有苦。
There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of them.他们的性格既残暴，又狡猾。
2．将带有特征性形象的词译成该形象所代表的词see-sawing between partly good and faintly bad时好时坏这两种情况不断地交替出现Their troops goosestepped into power.他们的军队耀武扬威地夺取了政权。
（二）将词义做具体化的引申The car in front of me stopped and I missed the green.我前面的车停下来了，我错过了绿灯。
三．词义的褒贬（一）英语中有些词本身具有褒贬意义He was a man of high renown.他是位有名望的人。
His notoriety didn’t come until his death.他的恶名是他死后才传开的。
（二）中立意义的词在上下文中译出褒贬The politician talked about his hopes and ambitions.我们要求他谈了他的希望和抱负He had lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds.他欺骗了我，使我成了他进行罪恶勾当的工具。
练习:Information technology will be at the heart of global economic competition in the 21st century.信息技术将成为21世纪全球经济竞争的中心。
The largest American cities are a diverse group, but they share certain problems.美国的大城市形形色色，却有许多共同的问题。
The expansion of educational opportunities promoted the American ideal of equal opportunity for all.由于教育不断普及，推动了机遇面前人人平等的美国理想的实现。
Race relations in the US continue to be a thorny problem.美国的种族关系一直是棘手的问题。
The diverse population presents great challenges to the society, racism and discrimination remain problems.多民族的人口结构也给社会带来一定的问题，种族歧视和偏见依然存在。
Both newspapers and magazines are heavily dependent on advertising for financial support.报纸和杂志的经费来源主要是依靠广告收入。
Geography has given the US extensive and accessible resources, fertile land, and a beneficial climate.地理位置为美国提供了丰富的可利用资源，肥沃的土地和有利的气候。
The percentage of US children living without their father present has ballooned.美国没有父亲的单亲孩子比例激增。
The American greeting card and decoration industries encourage the celebration of both religious and secular holidays.美国的节日贺卡和装饰业增添了宗教节日和习俗节日的欢乐气氛。
Between 1689 and 1763, Great Britain and France fought a series of wars which involved the North American colonies.1689年至1763年间英法两国连年战争，使北美的欧洲殖民地也卷入其中。
The modern American economy has never been completely free from government involvement。
现代美国经济从来没有完全脱离过政府的干预。
The increase in DINK families has shattered the traditional idea of Chinese family。
丁克家庭的增长冲击了传统的中国家庭观念。
Chapter Two 词类转译一．转译为动词1．名词转译为动词Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已用来探索宇宙。
2．含有动词意味的名词转译为动词The sight and sound of our plane filled me with special longing.看到我们的飞机，听到飞机的声音，令我特别神往。
3．英语中以er结尾的名词在句中不指身份和职业，而含有动词意味，译为动词I think my sister is a better singer than I.我认为我姐姐比我唱的好。
二．转译为名词1．名词派生的动词Formality has always characterized their relationship.他们之间的关系有一个特点就是以礼相待。
2．名词转化的动词This machine is designed to burn up if overused.这个机器，按其设计，如果过度使用就会烧毁。
练习：For millions of immigrants, the Statue of Liberty was their first sight of the promising land.数百万移民踏上这片充满希望的土地，第一眼看到的是自由女神像。
One thing that often leads people to move is the desire for better climate, more attractive scenery, more agreeable living.导致人们迁居的原因往往是向往宜人的气候，迷人的景色和惬意的生活。
The American airline industry has enjoyed significant expansion in the last twenty years.过去的20年中，美国的航空运输业迅速发展。
The growing concentration of wealth in the hands of a few people raised social and political issues. 财富逐渐集中在少数人手中，引发了许多社会问题和政治问题。
Population grew both as a result of natural increase and of continued immigration.人口的增长是自然增长和不断移民的结果。
The American economy is organized in single-owner businesses, partnerships and corporations.美国经济的组织方式是个人所有制，合伙制和公司制。
Chapter Three 分句合句法一．分句法（一）把原句中一个单词译成句子1．副词They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇。
2．形容词He talked with understandable pride about his daughter.他在谈到他女儿的时候很自豪，这是可以理解的。
3．名词The inside of each house depended on the personality of its owner.每个房间内怎样的布置，这要看各个使用者的性格了。
(二) 把短语翻译成句子1．名词短语Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law.能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。
2．介词短语Their power increased with their number.他们人数增加了，力量也随之增加。
(三) 把原文中的一个句子拆开, 变成两个句子Another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations.如果该地区再次发生战争, 显然会使国际关系处于紧张状态。
His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.因为他没有遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。
二．合句法（一）把原文中两个或以上的简单句译成一个句子There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from the north.从全国各地来的人中有许多是北方人。
（二）把原文中的主从复合句译成一句When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是处于礼貌。