session 1英语学术论文写作
2021年学术英语论文范文
学术英语论文范文学术英语论文学术英语论文该怎么写呢？下面了学术英语论文，欢迎大家参考借鉴！（一）有利于提高学生的语言交际能力学生的交际能力是语言能力的主要体现，大学英语素质教育侧重跨文化交际能力的培养有利于提高学生的整体交际能力。
大学英语教学过程中，教师要把培养学生语言交际能力放在首位，加强对文化的导入，锻炼学生对中西文化差异的辨别能力，教师要多角度、多层次、多方位、多形式地对中西文化差异进行对比，使学生对西方文化全面系统地了解，增强跨文化意识。
中西方社会是在不同文化背景下发展而形成的，人们的思维方式和风俗习惯等存在不同。
与外国友人进行交际时，外国人能够理解说话者的 ___或句法错误。
但是对于违反文化规则的现象，他们常常不能容忍，认为讲话这缺乏礼貌和尊重。
文化失误往往使两个民族之间产生误解和敌意。
这种忽视了文化差异的思维方影响了交际效果，无法实现素质教育中语言能力与交际能力的共同发展。
因此，语言和文化具有密切的关系，不了解西方文化、历史及风俗，也就无 ___确使用英语进行交际。
所以，教师不仅要使学生学习掌握语言基础知识，还要使他们提高自身的文化修养，对英语专业学生的素质教育应加强学生的跨文化意识，这样才能有利于学生语言交际能力的提高。
（二）有利于提高学生的综合素质高校英语专业的综合素质的培养不仅体现在对学生的听、说、读、写、译等能力的培养，而且还应注重学生的英语跨文化运用能力的培养和英语语言学习。
不仅是单一的语言知识学习，还涉及到其他的一些方面。
英语教学实践中应融入中西方文化教学，这有利于开阔学生的视野、拓宽学生的思维，学习和借鉴西方一些文明行为习惯，提高学生的综合素质和道德修养。
注重跨文化交际能力的培养是适应中西文化交流的需要。
交际能力包括不同文化场景下的社会语言能力，是交际者根据交际的话题、交际对象的身份以及交际目的等恰当理解和表达话语的能力。
因此，应把跨文化交际能力的培养贯穿于英语教学当中，使学生在真实的语言环境下学习，用丰富多样的教学形式调动学生对于跨文化方面的知识内容进行学习的积极性，寓教于乐，传授给学生独自获得文化知识的途径，按照教材内容适时地提供一些关于中西方文化差异的课外资料，布置他们撰写学习心得，增强英语教学活动的实用性和学生英语学习的积极性，提高学生的文化综合素质。
学术类英语作文模板
学术类英语作文模板英文回答：Introduction。
Academic English writing assignments can be challenging, but using a template can help students organize their thoughts and write clear, concise, and persuasive essays. The following template provides a step-by-step guide to writing a successful academic essay:Step 1: Introduction。
Begin with a hook to grab the reader's attention.State the thesis statement, which is a concise statement of the main argument or claim of the essay.Provide a brief overview of the essay's main points.Step 2: Body Paragraphs。
Each body paragraph should focus on a single main idea.Start with a topic sentence that states the main ideaof the paragraph.Provide supporting evidence for the main idea, such as examples, facts, or research.Use transitions to connect the paragraphs smoothly.Step 3: Conclusion。
学术英语essay范文
学术英语essay范文As an AI language model, I am tasked with assisting you in writing an academic English essay. Academic writing requires attention to detail, organization, and critical thinking skills. It is essential to carefully analyze the topic, conduct research, and present your ideas in a clear and coherent manner. Writing essays in English can be challenging for non-native speakers, but with practice and diligence, one can improve their writing skills.作为一个AI语言模型，我的任务是帮助你写一篇学术英语论文。
学术写作需要注意细节，组织和批判性思维能力。
仔细分析话题，进行研究，并以清晰连贯的方式提出观点是至关重要的。
对于非英语为母语的人来说，在英语写作方面可能有挑战，但通过练习和努力，可以提高写作技能。
When writing an academic essay, it is important to structure your paper in a logical and coherent manner. Begin with an introduction that clearly states your thesis or main argument. Follow this with body paragraphs that provide evidence and analysis to support your thesis. Finally, conclude your essay by summarizing your main points and restating your thesis. This structure helps to guide the readerthrough your argument and ensures that your ideas are presented effectively.在写学术论文时，重要的是以逻辑和连贯的方式构建论文结构。
关于学术英语的英语作文
关于学术英语的英语作文英文回答：Academic English is a specialized form of English used in academic settings, such as universities and research institutions. It is characterized by its formal tone, complex sentence structures, and extensive use of specialized vocabulary. Academic English is used in a wide range of contexts, including lectures, seminars, research papers, and dissertations.There are a number of reasons why students need to develop their academic English skills. First, academic English is the language of instruction in most universities around the world. Second, academic English is essential for success in research, as it is the language in which most scientific and scholarly literature is written. Third, academic English is a valuable skill for any career that requires clear and concise communication, such as law, medicine, and business.There are a number of ways to improve your academic English skills. One important step is to read widely in academic texts. This will help you to become familiar with the vocabulary and grammar of academic English. You canalso improve your academic English skills by writing regularly. Try to write in a formal tone and use complex sentence structures. Finally, you can also take courses or workshops on academic English.中文回答：学术英语是大学和研究机构等学术环境中使用的一种专门的英语形式。
学术英文作文开头段
学术英文作文开头段英文：As a writer, the beginning of an academic essay is always the most challenging part for me. I often struggle with finding the right words to capture the reader's attention and set the tone for the rest of the paper. However, I have found that there are a few strategies that have helped me overcome this hurdle.Firstly, I try to start with a hook, something thatwill grab the reader's attention and make them want to keep reading. This could be a surprising fact, a provocative statement, or a relevant anecdote. For example, if I were writing an essay about the effects of social media onmental health, I might start with a statistic like "Over 70% of teenagers report feeling anxious or depressed afterusing social media for more than an hour a day."Secondly, I make sure to introduce the topic andprovide some context for the reader. This helps them understand why the topic is important and what they can expect to learn from the essay. For example, I might explain that social media has become an integral part of modern life, but there is growing concern about its impact on mental health.Finally, I try to end the introduction with a thesis statement, which is a clear and concise statement of the main argument of the essay. This helps the reader understand what the essay is about and what the writer's position is. For example, my thesis statement for the social media essay might be "While social media has many benefits, its negative effects on mental health cannot be ignored, and steps must be taken to mitigate these effects."中文：作为一名写手，学术论文的开头段总是让我感到很困难。
学术的英文作文模板
学术的英文作文模板英文：When it comes to academic writing, there are several key elements that must be considered in order to produce a successful piece of work. Firstly, it is important to have a clear understanding of the topic that you are writing about. This means conducting thorough research and reading widely in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.Secondly, it is essential to have a clear structure to your writing. This means dividing your work into sections and ensuring that each section flows logically and coherently from one to the next. It is also important to use appropriate language and terminology that is relevant to your topic.Thirdly, it is important to use evidence and examples to support your arguments. This means citing relevantsources and providing evidence that supports your claims.It is also important to critically evaluate the evidencethat you use and to consider any potential biases or limitations.Finally, it is important to edit and proofread yourwork carefully. This means checking for spelling and grammar errors, as well as ensuring that your writing is clear and concise.Overall, academic writing requires a combination of research, structure, evidence, and editing in order to produce a successful piece of work.中文：在学术写作方面，有几个关键要素必须考虑，以便产生成功的作品。
Session 1_how to write successful academic essays如何写成功的学术文章
Key themes not clear
Disorganised. Haphazard.
Fluent, clear. Correct use of terminology and English. Evidence of good proof reading Relevant thorough extensive and up to date literature. Awareneates insight in use of detailed examples and theory with evidence of some critical thought. Provides a good evidence- based conclusion. Clearly identifies, defines and explains key issues. All materials relevant.
No evidence of understanding basic concepts.
Correctly cited and listed.
Minor flaws and omissions.
Adequate but some omissions.
None.
Academic Skills Centre
Tom Reid Academic Skills Course Leader Academic Skills Centre t.g.reid@
Management
Academic Skills Centre
MSc Management Study Skills Programme
Very Poor (<30)
Structure 15% Clarity of Expression 15% Investigative work 20% Critical and Analytical thinking 20%
英语学术论文写作技巧academic writing skills(全英文版)共38页文档
protection/copyright protection” Discuss the following with a partner: Look at the project title above and highlight the key words/phrases. How is the title framed (e.g. statement/question/heading)? What does the title ask you to do?
- gathering information from various sources;
- organizing this information so that it appropriately answers the needs of the task that the writer has to complete;
The reasons why students carry out extended academic writing activities may s their ideas; to provide evidence to support their ideas; to dispute or support existing theories; to display knowledge.
Internet. e) Write down the details of your sources. f) Decide if you need to do more reading. g) Write the contents page, bibliography, title page and abstract. h) Arrange a tutorial with your tutor. i) Do some reading. j) Decide on a topic. k) Write the first complete draft. l) Highlight/take notes of relevant information. m) Plan the contents in detail. n) Work on establishing a clear focus. o) Make a rough outline plan of your ideas. p) Check that sources are available/accessible.
英语学术论文写作范文 学术英语写作 范文17篇
英语学术论文写作范文学术英语写作范文17篇Sample 1Native American Influences on Modern U.S. CultureWhen the first Europeans came to the North American continent, they encountered the completely new cultures of the Native American. Peoples of North America, Native Americans, who had highly developed cultures in many respects, must have been as curious about them. As always happens when two or more cultures come into contact, there was a cultural exchange. Native Americans adopted some of the Europeans? ways, and the Europeans adopted some of their ways. As a result, Native Americans have made many valuable contributions to modern U.S. culture, particularly in the areas of language, art, food, and government.First of all, native Americans left a permanent mark on the English language. The early English-speaking settlers borrowed from several different Native American languages1words for places in this new land. All across the country are cities, towns, rivers, and states with native American names. For example, the states of Delaware, Iowa, Illinois, and Alabama are named after Native American tribes, as are the cities of Chicago, Miami, and Spokane. In addition to place names, English adopted from various Native American languages the words for animals and plants found in the Americas,Chipmunk, moose, raccoon, skunk, tobacco, and squash are just a few examples.Although the vocabulary of English is the area that shows the most Native Americaninfluence, it is not the only area of U.S. culture that has been shaped by contact with NativeAmericans. Art if another area of important Native American contributions. Wool rugs woven by women of the Navajo Tribe in Arizona and New Mexico are highly valued works of art in the United States. Native American jewelry made from silver and turquoise is also very popular and very expensive. Especially in the western and southwestern regions of the United States, native crafts such as pottery, leather products, and beadwork can be found in many homes. Indeed, native art and handicrafts are a treasured2part of U.S. culture.In addition to language and art, agriculture is another area inwhich Native Americans had a great and lasting influence on the peoples who arrived here from Europe, Africa, and Asia. Being skilled farmers, the Native Americans of North America taught the new comers many things about farming techniques and crops. Every U.S. schoolchild has heard the story of how Native Americans taught the first settlers to place a dead fish in a planting hole to provide fertilizer for the growing plant. Furthermore, they taught the settlers irrigation methods and croprotation. Many of the foods people in the United States eat today were introduced to the Europeans by Native Americans. For example, corn and chocolate were unknown in Europe. Now they are staples in the U.S. diet.Finally, it may surprise some people to learn that citizens of the United States are also indebted to the native people for our form of government. The Iroquois, who were an extremely large tribe with many branches called “nations”,had developed a highly sophisticated system of government to settle disputes that arose between the various branches. Five of the nationshad joined together in a confederation3called “The League of the Iroquois.” Under th e league, eachnation was autonomous in running its own internal affairs, but the nations acted as a unit when dealing with outsiders. The league kept the Iroquois from fighting among themselves and was also valuable in diplomatic relations with other tribes. When the 13 colonies were considering what kind of government to establish after they had wontheir independence from Britain,someone suggested that they use a system similar to that of the League of the Iroquois. Under this system, each colony or future state would be autonomous in managing its own affairs but would join forces with the other states to deal with matters that concerned them all. This is exactly what百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆happened. As a result, the presentfrom of government of the United States can be traced directly back to a Native American model.In conclusion, we can easily see from these few examples the extent of Native American influence on our language, our art forms, out eating habits, and our government. The people of the United States are deeply indebted to Native4Americans for their contributions to U.S. Culture.Exercise: Complete the outline by filling in the missing parts.Native American Influences on Modern U.S. CultureI. IntroductionThesis statement:___________________________________________________________ II. BodyA. Native Americans left a permanent mark on the English language.1. Names of places-cities, towns, rivers, and statesa. States: Delaware, Iowa, Illinois, Alabamab. Cities: Chicago, Miami, Spokane2. Names of animals and plantsa. Animals: chipmunk, moose, raccoon, skunkb. Plants: tobacco, squashB._____________________________________________________________1. Navajo rugs2. Silver and turquoise jewelry3.5______________________________________________________________a. Potteryb._____________________________________________________c._____________________________________________________c.______________________________________________________________1. Farming techniquesa._________________________________________________b. ________________________________________________2._____________________________________________________a._________________________________________________b. ________________________________________________6D. _1. Iroquois-large tribe with many branches (“nations”) Needed to settle disputes among various branches2. Five nations formed League of Iroquoisa._________________________________________________b. Acted together when dealing with outsiders3. After independence, 13 colonies adopted similar system.a. Each colony (future state) was autonomous in managing own affairs.b.______________________________________________________III. Conclusion___________________________________________________________百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 2:At the MoviesYou Are Where You Sit: Seating Choice Can Tell a Lot about a Person!71 When he goes to the movies, Ravel Centeno likes to sit on theaisle and stretch his feet out-a fact that by itself speaks volumesabout his personality, according to a new study. The study, commissioned by the British movie theater company Odeon, examined how theater seating habits reflect personality. And as the summer movie season reaches its zenith, the research says you are where you sit. Psychologist Donna Dawson divided moviegoers into four different personality types based on their seating preferences and cited examples of movie characters who fit those types.2 Those who sit on the aisle, like Centeno, are “detached observers”-people who like to have their own space, who are observers and tend to be quieter. “That?s funny, because I?m a writer,” Centeno said Thursday as he waited to see AI. atthe CineplexOdeon at Universal CityWalk. “So that?s what I do (observe people).” One celluloid example of a detached observer, said Dawson, is Jack Nicholson?s Melvin Udall character in As Good as It Gets.3 Other personality types, according to Dawson:4 The “front row film fanatic”: Extroverted, assertive, and8competitive, these are people who like to see movies with others,not on their own. An example from the movies might be Mike Meyers?s Austin Powers or Julia Roberts?s ErinBrockovich.5 The”middle-of-the-roaders”: These are the people wholike to sit in the middle, fittingly. They are people who areflexible and try to get along with others, such as Gwyneth Paltrow?s Emma. Gloria and Tom Candelaria of Redlands say that seems to fit them. “We like the middle because it?s not too far back and not too close to the front,” Gloria Candelaria said as she scanned the marquee at CityWalk. Tom Candelaria said the “middle-of-the-roader” label seems to fit them because “we?re easygoing.”6 The “invisible rebels”: Those who sit far in the back are people who are rebellious and like excitement but don?t necessary seek the limelight, the study said. A typical example is ClintEastwood?s Man with No Name and Sigourney Weaver?s Lt. Ripley in the Alien films. “The back row is,where things happen; it?s an exciting area of danger and lots of passionate smooching,” Dawson said in the Odeon report. “It tends to attract people who are rebellious.”97 For some people, though, sometimes a chair i s just a chair. “I don?t knowwherever there?s an empty seat,” said filmgoer Chris Marshall of Lake Hollywood, when asked where he likes to sit. “That works for me.”Questions About the Organization1. What kind of introduction does this newspaper article have?a. It is a funnel introduction-it begins with a general statement and narrows down to the thesis statement.b. It begins with an example and ends with the thesis statement.c. It explains the reasons for the study and ends with the thesis statement.2. What kind of conclusion does it have?a. It summarizes the four main personality types.b. It gives the writer?s opinion on the study.c. It gives an example that contrasts with the main points.3. What words in the thesis statement indicate that the article uses logical division of ideas as a百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网10,您的在线图书馆pattern of organization?About the Support4. What two kinds of supporting details are used in this article?_________ and _________5. The psychologist who made the study used one kind of support, and the writer of the article reporting the results of the study used another kind. Which person used which kind?a. The psychologist used _b. The writer used _About the Content6. How do we know if the psychologist is correct? Does the article mention the methods she used in her study to match seating preference and personality type, or does it report only the results?百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 3Culture ShockMoving to a new country can be an exciting, even exhilarating experience. In a newenvironment, you somehow feel more alive: seeing new11sights, eating new food, hearing theforeign sounds of a new language, and feeling a different climate against your skin stimulate your senses as never before. Soon, however, this sensory bombardment becomes sensory overload. Suddenly, new experiences seem stressful rather than stimulating, and delight turns intodiscomfort. This is the phenomenon known as culture shock. Culture shock is more than jet lag or homesickness, and it affects nearly everyone who enters a newculture-tourists, business travelers, diplomats, and students alike. Although not everyone experiences culture shock in exactly the same way, many experts agree that it has roughly five stages.In the first stage, you are excited by your new environment. You experience some simple difficulties such as trying to use the telephone or public transportation, but you consider these small challenges that you can quickly overcome. Your feelings about the new culture are positive, so you are eager to make contact with people and to try new foods.Sooner or later, differences in behavior and customs become more noticeable to you. This is the second stage of culture shock. Because you do not know the social customs12of the new culture, you may find it difficult to make friends. For instance, you do not understand how to make “small talk,” so it ishard to carry on a casual, get-acquaintedconversation. One day in the schoolcafeteria, you overhear a conversation. You understand all the words, but you do not understand the meaning. Why is everyone laughing? Arethey laughing at you or at some joke that you did not understand? Also, you aren?t always sure how to act while shopping. Is this store self-service, or should you wait for a clerk to assist you? If you buy a sweater in the wrong size, can you exchange it? These are not minor challenges; they are major frustrations.In the third stage, you no longer have positive feelings about the new culture. You feel that you have made a mistake in coming here. Making friends hasn?t been easy, so you begin to feel lonely and isolated. Now you want to be with familiar people and eat familiar food. You begin to spend most of your free time with students from your home country, and you eat in restaurants that serve your native food. In fact, food becomes an obsession, and you spend a lot of time planning, shopping for, and cooking food from home.You know that you are in the fourth stage of culture shock13when you have negative feelings about almost everything. In this stage, you actively reject the new culture. You become critical, suspicious, and irritable. You believe that people are unfriendly, thatyour landlord is trying to cheat you, that your teachers do not like you, and that the food is making you sick. In fact, you may actually develop stomachaches, headaches, sleeplessness, lethargy, or other physical symptoms.Finally, you reach the fifth stage. As your language skills improve, you begin to have somesuccess in meeting people and in negotiating situations. You areable to exchange the sweater that was too small, and you cansuccessfully chat about the weather with a stranger on the bus. Yourself-confidence grows. After realizing that you cannot change your surroundings, you begin to accept the differences and tolerate them. For instance, the food will never be as tasty as the food in your home country, but you are now able to eat and sometimes even enjoy many dishes. You may not like the way some people in your host country dress or behave in public, but you do not regard their clothes and behavior as wrong-just different.14Concluding Paragraph A百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆To sum up, culture shock is a veryreal phenomenon that has been studied for more than 30 years by psychologists and anthropologist$. Its five phases are (1) positive feelings toward the new culture, (2) awareness of small differences, (3) growing discomfort and need for contact with home culture, (4) negativefeelings, and (5) acceptance and adjustment. Symptoms may vary, and not all people experience all five phases. In the end, however, people who suffer culture shock are stronger from having overcome the difficulties and frustrations of adapting to life in a new land. Concluding Paragraph BIn conclusion, nearly everyone moving to a new country feels some degree of culture shock. Symptoms may vary, and not all people experience all five stages. Newcomers with a strong support group may feel at home immediately in the new culture, while others may take months to feel comfortable. Staying in touch with friends and family, keeping a positive attitude, and, above all, learning the language as soon as possible are ways to overcome the15difficulties and frustrations of adapting to life in a new land.Exercise:1. Which concluding paragraph best suits the passage and why?2. Which concluding paragraph is a summary of the subtopics? Which one paraphrases the thesisstatement?3. Which concluding paragraph gives suggestions? Which one makes a prediction?百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 4: Cause and Effect百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 5: Cause and Effect16百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 6: Comparison百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 7: ComparisonCLASSROOM LEARNING AND INTERNETBASEDTEACHINGSince the late 1990s internet-based teaching (also known as e-education) has emerged as a potential rival to traditional classroom learning. It normally involves having access to a secure site on the internet where a graded series of lessons are available, and which have assignments sent and returned by email. Although on-line courses are now offered by many institutions, it is by no means clear that they offer real advantages compared to classroom education. Little research has been done so far on their effectiveness, but this17essay sets out to examine the arguments on both sides and attemptsto draw conclusions from them.Two main advantages of internet use in education are put forward. Firstly, it is seen as more economical, in that once a course is prepared, it can be used by large numbers of students. The savings made by not having to employ so many teachers should be reflected in cheaper course fees. The second benefit is convenience; instead of having to attend classes at fixed times and places, students are free to study when they choose and progress at their own pace. Furthermore, by studying from home there is no need to travel to the college or university, saving both time and money. A student living in a small town in China, for example, can now study a course at an American college without the worry of travelling, accommodation or homesickness.Despite the considerations mentioned above, classroom learning shows no signs of being replaced by e-learning. It seems that face-to-face contact with a teacher is still widely regarded as the best way for students to make progress, despite the expense and inconvenience involved. Not only the personal contact with a teacher, but also the support and18encouragement gained from being part of a class may be one reasonfor this. Membership of a group may also create a useful spirit of competition, which stimulates learning.Given the increasing pressure on university places in many countries, internet-based teaching is often seen as a convenient development. However, e-learning eliminates personal contact and travel from education, which are possibly the aspects many students value. Sittingat home working on a computer may be economical, but clearly cannot replace the social experience of attending courses. However, there are many people who are unable, either through work or family commitments,or due to lack of funds, to go to classes, and who would clearly find internet learning beneficial. On-line courses can also be used tosupport taught courses, for instance by providing access to extra materials. In many ways these kinds of courses are similarto ,universities of the air?, such as Britain?s OpenUniversity, which have developed distance learning so successfullyin the last 40 years.Faced by growing demand for university places, more institutions are likely to develop on-line courses, but the apparent benefits of e-learning may be less than are19generally believed. Students seem to value the personal contact ofthe classroom highly, despite its cost andinconvenience. There may be a role for internet-based courses to supplement teacher-taught ones, and certainly for people with other commitments they will be the only practical option. There is an urgentneed for research on the effectiveness of this type of learning, which should help maximise its advantages in the future.(Approximately 550 words)百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 8: Argument百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Now complete the outline of the model essay:Separating the Sexes, Just for the Tough YearsI. Introduction (explanation of the issue)Thesis statement:20_______________________________________II. BodyA. Opposing argument 1Opponents of single-sex education claim that test scores show that there is no advantage to all-girl or all-boy classes.Rebuttal to argument 11. Research is inconclusive-show opposite results2. Other results that cannot be calculateda. Girls____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ____b. Boys____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ______B. Opposing argument2____________________________________________________________21Rebuttal to argument 2_________________________________________________________a. Settling squabbles with siblingsb. Negotiating with opposite-sex parent百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆C. Opposing argument 3_________________________________________________________Rebuttal to argument 3___________________________________________________________a._______________________________________________________b. Teachers call on boys more oftenIII.Conclusion1. Same-sex classes provide a better learning environmentReasonsa. Boys and girls___________________________________________________22_____________________________________________________________________________ ______ b.Girl________________________________________________________________ _____ c. Boys____________________________________________________________________2.____________________________________________________________________ __3.____________________________________________________________________ _____百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 9A major change that has occurred in the Western family is an increased incidence in divorce. Whereas in the past, divorce was a relatively rare occurrence, in recent times it has become quite commonplace. This change is borne out clearly in census figures. For example thirty years ago in Australia, only one marriage in ten ended in divorce;23nowadays the figure is more than one in three (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1996: p.45). A consequence of this change has been a substantial increase in the number of single parent families and the attendant problems that this brings (Kilmartin, 1997).An important issue for sociologists, and indeed for all of society,is why these changes in marital patterns have occurred. In this essay I will seek to critically examine a number of sociological explanationsfor the …divorce phenomenon? and also consider the social policy implications that each explanation carries with it. It will be arguedthat the best explanations are to be found within a broad socio-economic framework.One type of explanation for rising divorce has focused on changes in laws relating to marriage. For example, Bilton, Bonnett and Jones (1987) argue that increased rates of divorce do notnecessarily indicate that families are now more unstable. It is possible, they claim, that there has always been a degree of marital instability. They suggest that changes in the law have been significant, because they have provided unhappily married24couples with …access to a legal solution to pre-existentmarital problems? (p.301). Bilton et al. therefore believe that changes in divorce rates can be best explained in terms of changes inthe legal system. The problem with this type of explanation however, is that it does not consider why these laws have changed in the first place.It could be argued that reforms to family law, as well as the increased rate of divorce that has accompanied them, are the product of more fundamental changes in society.Another type of explanation is one that focuses precisely on these broad societal changes. For example, Nicky Hart (cited in Haralambos, 1995) argues that increases in divorce and marital breakdown are the result of economic changes that have affected the family. One example of these changes is the raised material aspirations of families, which Hart suggests has put pressure on both spouses to become wage earners. Women as a result have been forced to become both homemakers and economic providers. According to Hart, the contradiction of these two roles has lead to conflict and this is the main cause of marital breakdown. It would appear that Hart?s explanation cannot account for all cases of divorce - for example, marital breakdown is liable to occur25in families where only the husband is working. Nevertheless, her approach, which is to relate changes in family relations to broader social forces, would seem to be more probing than one that looks only at legislative change.The two explanations described above have very differentimplications for social policy,especially in relation to how the problem of increasing marital instability might be dealt with. Bilton et al. (1995) offer a legal explanation and hence would see the solutions also beingdetermined in this domain. If rises in divorce are thought to be the consequence of liberal divorce laws, the obvious way to stem this riseis to make them less obtainable. This approach, oneimagines, would lead to a reduction in divorce statistics; however, it cannot really be held up as a genuine solution to the problems of marital stress and breakdown in society. Indeed it would seem to be a solution directed more at symptoms than addressing fundamental causes.Furthermore, the百度搜索”就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网26,您的在线图书馆experience of social workers,working in the area of family welfare suggests that restricting a couple?s access to divorce would in some cases serve only to exacerbate existing marital problems (Johnson, 1981). In those cases where violence is involved, the consequences could be tragic. Apart from all this, returning to more restrictive divorce laws seems to be a solution little favoured by Australians. (Harrison, 1990).Hart (cited in Haralambos, 1995), writing from a Marxist-feminist position, traces marital conflict to changes in the capitalist economic system and their resultant effect on the roles of men and women. It is difficult to know however, how such an analysis might be translated into practical social policies. This is because the Hart program would appear to require in the first place a radical restructuring of the economic system. Whilst this may be desirable for some, it is not achievable inthe present political climate. Hart is right however, to suggest that much marital conflict can be linked in some way to the economic circumstances of families. This is borne out in many statistical surveys which show consistently that rates of divorce are higher among socially disadvantaged families27(McDonald, 1993). This situation suggests then that social policies need to be geared to providing support and security for these types of families. It is little cause foroptimism however, that in recent years governments of all persuasions have shown an increasing reluctance to fund social welfare programs of this kind.It is difficult to offer a comprehensive explanation for the growing trend of marital breakdown; and it is even more difficult to find solutions that might ameliorate the problems created by it. Clearly though, as I have argued in this essay, the most useful answers are to be found not within a narrow legal framework, but within a broadersocio-economic one.Finally, it is worth pointing out that, whilst we may appear to be living in a time of increased family instability, research suggests that historically, instability may have been the norm rather than the exception. As Bell and Zajdow (1997) point out, in the past, single parent and step families were more common than is assumed - although the disruptive influence then was not divorce, but the premature death of。
学术英语论文范文精选3篇(全文)
学术英语论文范文精选3篇评价系统（The pprisl Systems）是对系统功能语言学的新进展。
系统功能语言学以系统功能语法为基础。
评价理论是在20世纪90年代对澳大利亚新南威尔士的中学和其他场所语文水平研究的基础上进展起来的。
该研究由Mrtin指导，Croline Coffin，Rick Iedem，Henrike Korner，Dvid Rose，Robert Vee 和Peter White 参与。
这项研究是“写得得体”（Write It Right）科研项目的一部分。
评价理论包括三大次系统：态度，介入和级差。
三大次系统又可以次系统化。
态度系统指对文本，人类行为和现象所作出的推断。
态度有积极和消极之分。
任何句子都传递者积极和消极的评价。
态度可以明确或者含蓄的表达。
态度是指向文化的并与读者的意识形态相关。
态度可以通过表品质的词来表达，如hppy；可以通过心理过程和行为过程来表达，如like；通过情态状语表达，如hppily。
态度包含三个系范畴：情感系统、推断系统和鉴赏系统。
推断系统又可分为社会评判和社会约束。
鉴赏系统又可分为：反应、构成和价值。
介入系统深受Bkhtin （1981，1986）对话性和多语性的影响。
从这个意义层面上讲，介入资源是一种方式，通过这种方式说话者或XX自己介入对话中，一定程度上展示加入、承认、回应、挑战或拒绝其他XX或说话者的声音，或者对其他说话者或XX的回应做出可能的预期。
介入分为对话扩展和对话紧缩。
对话扩展又可次系统化为包容和归属；对话紧缩可次系统化为弃言和借言。
介入可以通过情态词、言剧性表达、模糊语等来实现，如my，it is sid tht等。
级差系统是对态度介入的程度的分级资源，包含语势和聚焦。
语势有强势和弱势之分，聚焦有明显和模糊之分。
级差可以通过一些表程度的词来实现，如some，plusible等。
3.语料本项研究的语料是60篇英文4.研究结果及分析本研究分别从三个次系统对语料进行分析：态度，介入，级差。
英文学术论文写作
英文学术论文写作学术论文写作用英语写学术论文的目的主要有两个，一是参加国际学术会议，在会议上宣讲，促进学术交流;二是在国际学术刊物上发表，使国外同行了解自己的研究成果，同样也是出于学术交流的目的。
不同的学科或领域、不同的刊物对论文的格式有不同的要求，但各个领域的研究论文在文体和语言特点上都有许多共性。
了解了这些语言共性，便会起到触类旁通的作用。
对我国青年学者或学生来说，用英语写作的难点不是没有写作材料，不是不熟悉专业词汇，也不是没有打下良好的英语基础。
用英语写论文难，是因为不太了解学术英语的语言特点。
关于学术英语写作的语言技巧，我们已在第一部分作了较详细的介绍。
此部分讨论学术论文写作的方法，包括学术论文写作中常用的句型结构，我们都在此作较详细介绍，以便读者模仿练习，将写作工作化难为易。
一般来说，一篇完整规范的学术论文由以下各部分构成：Title(标题)Abstract(摘要)Keywords(关键词)Table of contents(目录)Nomenclature(术语表)Introduction(引言)Method(方法)Results(结果)Discussion(讨论)Conclusion(结论)Acknowledgement(致谢)Reference(参考文献)Appendix(附录)其中Title，Abstract，Introduction，Method，Result，Discussion，Conclusion，Reference等八项内容是必不可少的(其他内容根据具体需要而定)。
在这八项内容中，读者最多的是Title，Abstract和Introduction部分，读者会根据这些内容来决定是否阅读全文。
也就是说，一篇研究论文赢得读者的多少，在很大程度上取决于Title，Abstract和Introduction写得好坏。
因此这三项内容将各分章详细加以讲述。
学术论文的正文一般包括Method，Result，Discussion三个部分。
学术专著英语作文模板
学术专著英语作文模板英文回答：Chapter 1: Introduction。
Background and significance of the research。
Statement of the problem。
Research questions。
Scope and limitations of the study。
Chapter 2: Literature Review。
Review of existing literature on the topic。
Identification of gaps in the research。
Development of theoretical framework。
Chapter 3: Methodology。
Description of the research design。
Sampling strategy and sample characteristics。
Data collection methods。
Data analysis techniques。
Chapter 4: Results。
Presentation and analysis of the research findings。
Discussion of the key findings。
Chapter 5: Discussion。
Interpretation of the research findings。
Implications for theory and practice。
Recommendations for future research。
Chapter 6: Conclusion。
Summary of the research findings。
Restatement of the research questions。
Concluding remarks。
学术英语写作范文
学术英语写作范文Here is an essay on the topic of "Academic English Writing Sample" with over 1000 words, written in English without any additional title or unnecessary punctuation marks.The importance of academic English writing cannot be overstated in today's globalized world. As the international language of research, education, and professional communication, proficiency in academic English is essential for individuals seeking to thrive in various fields. Whether one is a university student, a researcher, or a business professional, the ability to effectively convey complex ideas and findings through well-structured, formal, and coherent written expression is a valuable asset.Academic English writing differs significantly from other forms of written communication, such as casual conversations or personal narratives. It requires a distinct set of skills and conventions that must be mastered to ensure clear, concise, and persuasive communication. At the core of academic writing lies the ability to research, analyze, and synthesize information from reliable sources, and to present one's findings and arguments in a logical and organized manner.One of the fundamental aspects of academic English writing is the use of formal and objective language. This means avoiding the use of colloquialisms, contractions, and personal pronouns, and instead employing precise and technical vocabulary, as well as a more impersonal tone. Academic writing also emphasizes the importance of citing and referencing sources appropriately, in accordance with established citation styles such as APA, MLA, or Chicago.Another crucial element of academic writing is the development of a clear and coherent structure. This typically involves an introduction that provides background information and states the main thesis or argument, body paragraphs that present and support the key points, and a conclusion that summarizes the main ideas and offers final insights or recommendations. The use of transitional phrases and logical organization is essential in guiding the reader through the progression of the essay or research paper.Effective academic writing also requires the ability to critically analyze and evaluate information from various sources. This involves not only the identification and summarization of relevant facts and findings but also the ability to assess the credibility and reliability of the sources, as well as to identify potential biases or limitations. By engaging in this critical analysis, writers can develop a well-rounded understanding of the topic and construct a persuasive and well-supported argument.In addition to the structural and linguistic aspects of academic writing, there are also important considerations regarding the presentation and formatting of the written work. This includes adherence to specific guidelines for page layout, font size and style, margins, and the inclusion of any necessary visual aids, such as tables, figures, or appendices. Attention to detail in these areas can contribute to the overall professionalism and clarity of the written piece.One of the challenges faced by many individuals when engaging in academic English writing is the need to overcome the influence of their native language and cultural norms. Differences in sentence structure, word choice, and rhetorical conventions can pose significant obstacles, particularly for non-native English speakers. However, with dedicated practice, exposure to academic writing models, and a willingness to adapt to the expectations of the target audience, these challenges can be overcome.Furthermore, the process of academic writing often involves multiple drafts and revisions, as writers refine their ideas, address feedback, and ensure the clarity and coherence of their work. This iterative approach is essential for producing high-quality academic writing, as it allows writers to identify and address any weaknesses or areas forimprovement.In the context of higher education, the ability to write effectively in academic English is crucial for success. University-level assignments, such as research papers, essays, and dissertations, require a strong command of academic writing skills. Students who possess these skills are better equipped to engage with course materials, synthesize information, and articulate their own original ideas and arguments.Beyond the academic realm, proficiency in academic English writing is also highly valued in the professional world. Many organizations, particularly those with an international presence or focus on research and development, require their employees to produce written reports, proposals, or publications that adhere to academic writing conventions. Individuals with strong academic writing skills are often seen as more credible, reliable, and valuable contributors to their respective fields.In conclusion, the importance of academic English writing cannot be overstated. Whether one is a student, a researcher, or a professional, the ability to communicate effectively and persuasively through written expression is a crucial skill that can open doors to new opportunities and contribute to one's overall success. By mastering the conventions and techniques of academic writing, individuals canenhance their critical thinking, research, and communication abilities, ultimately positioning themselves for greater achievements in their academic and professional pursuits.。
学术英语主题作文模板
学术英语主题作文模板英文回答：Academic English Essay: Topic Writing。
Introduction。
Academic writing in English is a crucial aspect of higher education. It requires students to express their thoughts and ideas clearly, concisely, and persuasively using the conventions and vocabulary of academic discourse. Topic writing is a common form of academic writing where students are given a topic and asked to develop a coherent and well-argued essay.Steps in Writing an Academic English Topic Essay。
1. Understanding the Topic: Begin by carefully reading and understanding the topic provided. Identify the key concepts, terms, and arguments related to the topic.2. Formulating a Thesis Statement: The thesis statement is the central argument or claim of your essay. It should be specific, relevant, and supported by evidence.3. Developing a Structure: Organize your essaylogically into an introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Each body paragraph should focus on a specific aspect of the topic and support the thesis statement.4. Gathering Evidence: Collect evidence from credible sources such as books, articles, and research studies to support your arguments. Ensure that the evidence is relevant, accurate, and unbiased.5. Writing the Introduction: The introduction sets the context for your essay by providing background information on the topic and introducing your thesis statement.6. Writing the Body Paragraphs: In the body paragraphs, develop your arguments and support your thesis statement with evidence. Use clear and concise language, and avoidunnecessary jargon or repetitions.7. Writing the Conclusion: The conclusion restates your thesis statement, summarizes the main arguments, and reiterates the significance of your topic. It should provide a sense of closure and leave a lasting impression.8. Citation and Referencing: Academic writing requires proper citation and referencing to give credit to the sources used. Use an appropriate citation style (e.g., MLA, APA) to avoid plagiarism.Tips for Success。
最难忘的学术活动英文作文
最难忘的学术活动英文作文英文：The most unforgettable academic event for me was the international conference I attended last year. It was held in a beautiful city with participants from all over the world. The conference was a great opportunity for me to present my research and also to learn from other scholars in my field.One of the most memorable moments was when I presented my paper. I was quite nervous at first, but as I started speaking, I could feel the support and interest from the audience. The Q&A session after the presentation was also very stimulating, as I received valuable feedback and suggestions from other researchers. It was a great feeling to be able to engage in a scholarly discussion with so many brilliant minds.Another highlight of the conference was the networkingopportunities. I had the chance to meet and connect with researchers whose work I had admired for a long time. It was amazing to have conversations with them and to exchange ideas and experiences. I even made some new friends who share the same research interests as me.The keynote speeches and panel discussions were also incredibly inspiring. I learned so much from the experts in the field, and their insights have had a lasting impact on my own research. The whole experience was truly enriching and motivating.Overall, the international conference was a fantastic academic event that left a deep impression on me. It not only helped me grow as a researcher, but also allowed me to build meaningful connections with other scholars. I am grateful for the experience and look forward to attending more such events in the future.中文：对我来说，最难忘的学术活动是我去年参加的国际会议。
关于学术的英文作文
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文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!I really love doing academic research. It's like a journey of discovery. You get to explore new ideas and find answers to questions that no one has thought of before.Sometimes it can be really challenging. There are so many books and articles to read, and it can be hard to keep everything straight in your head.But when you finally make a breakthrough and figure something out, it's an amazing feeling. It's like you've unlocked a secret that no one else knew.Doing experiments is also fun. You never know what the outcome will be, and it's exciting to see the results.And presenting your findings to others is a great way to share your knowledge and get feedback. It can be nerve-wracking, but it's also very rewarding.。
学术回忆英语作文模板
学术回忆英语作文模板英文回答：Academic Memoir。
Introduction。
An academic memoir is a personal narrative that explores the writer's experiences in an academic setting.It can cover a wide range of topics, such as the writer's journey through higher education, their interactions with professors and peers, and the challenges and triumphs they faced along the way. Academic memoirs can be illuminating and inspiring, offering insights into the world of academia and the human experience.Structure。
Academic memoirs typically follow a chronological structure, beginning with the writer's early experiences inschool and continuing through their undergraduate and graduate studies. However, the writer may also choose to use flashbacks or flashforwards to explore specific events or themes in more depth.Themes。
Common themes in academic memoirs include:The transformative power of education。
学术会议英语作文模版
学术会议英语作文模版英文回答：Academic Conference Paper Template.I. Introduction.Begin with a brief overview of the conference theme and how your paper fits within it.State your thesis statement, which should clearly outline the main argument of your paper.Provide a brief background on the topic and any relevant scholarly literature.II. Literature Review.Discuss existing research and theories related to your topic.Critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of previous studies.Identify gaps in the literature and explain how your paper will address them.III. Research Methods.Describe the methods used to collect and analyze your data.Explain the rationale for using these methods.Discuss the limitations and strengths of your methodology.IV. Results and Discussion.Present your research findings, including any tables, figures, or charts.Interpret the results and discuss their implications.Relate your findings to the existing literature and your research question.V. Conclusion.Summarize your main findings and their significance.Restate your thesis statement and provide any new insights gained from your research.Suggest directions for future research.VI. References.List all sources cited in your paper in the appropriate style (e.g., MLA, APA, Chicago).中文回答：学术会议论文模板。
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•Recommendation letter •Request letter for material •Evaluation letter or tenure •Referee‟s review of book •Referee‟s grant proposal •Memo to dissertation committee
high degree of logical reasoning?
objectivity
Problem identification
Argument setting Data collection Evidence giving Analysis making Finding presentation
What
is academic writing? What is the difference between academic writing and your previous writing experience? What is the format of academic writing What should be concerned in academic writing How to apply ideas in academic writing ? How to refine the writing? Publication of paper
Who ?
Scholars
and practitioners in your field who have given you generous assistance of different types, ranging from material sharing to private communication.
A
An
requirements
As an independent section or not
Objects should be concrete
What does an acknowledgement part look like?
Who should I acknowledge in my work?
•Book •Monograph •Chapter •Case report •Review article
Secondary genre
•Lecture •Textbook •Introductory text •Tutorial •Course description
Occluded genres
Week 17:paper publication
What is academic writing
Some terms about English
EGP-
English for general purpose ESP—English for specific purpose EAP---English for Academic purpose
Week 13: post-text---appendixes
Course plan
Week 14: tables and figures, unit words
Week 15: plagiarism, general layout Week 16: grammar and expression
Why?
1. Widely accepted practice of most high
quality academic journals to conduct an anonymous review process before publishing
2. “Dress up” your academic product.
1. Thanks also to.. For his/her/their constructive criticism. 2. For other help with…, thanks to … 3. The comments of three anonymous referees were also appreciated. 4. We extend thanks to the anonymous reviewers for their careful reading of the manuscript and their insightful comments. 5. I would like to thank my informants fro their time and interest.
Your definition ….
Academic writing (professional paper)
Printed formal document in which professionals present their views and research findings on any deliberately chosen topic. Research paper Course paper Thesis paper (dissertation )
Major problems in AW
Logic
Objectivity Professionalism
Purposefulness
Structure
Expressiveness
Logic
Does the internal organization of a given academic piece reflect a
academic piece in English?
Types of academic writing
Primary genre
•Research article •Journal abstract •Conference abstract •Oral presentation •Thesis •Dissertation
Post-text
Pre-text
Cover sheet
Acknowledgements Abstract Table of contents List of figures and tables List of abbreviations
Cover sheet
• Why do you need a cover sheet? • What does a cover sheet look like?
•Application letter
•Submission letter
•Cover letter •Research proposal
•Editorial correspondence
Main parts in a piece of research product
Pre-text
Text proper
Your
supervisors and professors who have provided profound scholarly guidance in your study.
1. I wish to thank…for his/her/their valuable suggestions on earlier versions of this article. 2. I would like to thank..for his/her/their critiques of earlier drafts. 3. I would like to acknowledge my great debt to .. 4. for,,, , thanks especially to … 5. I am most grateful to …for…, to…for…, to … for… 6. I would like to begin by thanking …
Structural organization
How can we introduce a discourse pattern suitable for a scholastic
piece like a thesis?
Expressiveness
How to write appropriate
Course plan
Week 8:methodology & material selection
Week 9: data collection, result Week 10: analysis
Week 11: discussion & conclusion
Week 12:pຫໍສະໝຸດ st-text---references
Course plan
Week 2:
Introduction,
cover sheet , acknowledgement, table of contents, list of figures and tables, list of abbreviations
Week 3: title Week 4: abstract(1) Week 6: abstract (2) Week 7: Introduction , theoretic framework
sample
See file 1-1
Acknowledgements
Why do you need an acknowledgment part?
improve your understanding of the spirit and nature of scientific research in general. formal expression of gratitude for all the assistance and help you received academic tradition that the scientific community has long cultivated.