英语翻译理论与实践a卷成汹涌
翻译理论与实践(英译汉)3
2. Lexical difference 词法差异
1. tenses, voices and moods 时态、语态和语气 动词在英汉两种语言中都起着举足轻重的作用，但英语动词远比 汉语动词复杂多变。首先，汉语不像英语那样具有屈折形态变化， 而是靠形态助词粘附（xation）和词的重叠、组合（repetition and combination）表示形态变化。英译汉时，就需要将英语以屈 折形态变化表示的意义转换成汉语的词汇意义，即采用增词法。 例如时态可通过增加“着、了、过、正在” 等词表示；被动语态 可通过增加“被、遭、为、由”等词表示；语气可通过增加“了、 的、吗”等表示。 a. The criminal was hanged. b. Clark used to be an army officer, but he is in prison now. c. Hadn’t the dam been built, there would have been a terrible flood.
2. at orthographic level 文字系统
英汉语言的差异首先表现在文字系统上。文字系统是语言 的视觉符号系统（system of visual signs of language）， 文字系统充分地体现了语言的异质性。汉语属表意文字系 统（ideographic），英语属拼音文字系统(alphabetic)， 汉语与英语属于截然不同的两个文字系统。
3. Syntactical difference 句法差异
The most important difference between the two languages lies in _________ and parataxis hypotaxis _________.
《英汉翻译理论与实践》课程练习及答案
一．英汉翻译理论与实践课程之教案目录第1讲“翻译”溯源第2讲翻译的本质第3讲翻译的标准第4讲翻译面面观第5讲翻译必有“失”/ 失于此而得于彼（两讲合并）第6讲翻译与联想第7讲翻译与语法第8讲翻译与语体第9讲翻译与语篇第10讲英汉十大差异第11讲形合与意合第12讲代词的困惑第13讲Connotation的翻译第14讲翻译与词典第15讲以“模糊”求精确第16讲落笔知轻重译文讲分寸第17讲翻译最难是口吻第18讲翻译与形象思维第19讲翻译与灵感思维第20讲英语修辞的翻译（包括连接三讲）第21讲翻译中的文化冲击第22讲思维是语言的脊梁（两讲合并）第23讲翻译美学之思考（两讲合并）二．汉英翻译理论与实践课程之教案目录第1讲汉译英呼唤文字功力第2讲语篇与翻译第3讲：英汉语美感比读（两讲合并）第4讲：理性概译：翻译之坦途第5讲：英语句式的亮点：非人称主语句（两讲合并）第6讲：汉译英有用的句型（两讲合并）第7讲：类析汉译英常见拙译（三讲合并）第8讲：从“湖光山色”的英译说开去（两讲合并）第9讲：Denotation和Connotation（两讲合并）第10讲：翻译，你的本质是什么？第11讲：归化与异化----汉语习语的英译一．英汉翻译理论与实践课程之练习第1讲“翻译”溯源试将下列文字译成汉语：1/ Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Eugene A. Nida & Charles R. Taber: The Theory and Practice of Translation, 1969)2/ Translation may be defined as follows:The replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL)3/ A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original. A translation should have all the ease of the original composition. (A. F. Tytler: Essay on the Principles of Translation. 1791)参考译文1/ 所谓翻译，是在译语中用最切近的自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先是意义，其次是文体。
翻译理论与实践智慧树知到答案章节测试2023年湖南中医药大学
第一章测试1.下列哪一项不属于英语静态体现的方法？A:动词(词组) 充当句子各种成分B:用名词代替形容词，构成标题式短语(名词连用和复合名词)C:动词的弱化与虚化D:用形容词或副词表达动词意义答案:A2.汉语遵循“从总述到分述”的顺序模式，英语则相反。
A:错B:对答案:A3. A country comes to the end when its government goes to corruption.这个句子体现了哪种英语结构顺序？A:从主观到客观B:从分述到总述C:从客观到主观D:从总述到分述答案:A4.在下列因素里，哪些因素导致译者翻译英文需花费较多时间选择恰当的词义。
A:词义的引申和扩展B:文化的因素C:一词多义D:词的结构答案:ABC5.翻译中需要考虑的因素有哪些？A:情感色彩B:文化因素C:修辞D:作品产生的时代背景答案:ABCD6.下列哪些模式适用于英语表达A:焦点后置模式B:焦点前置模式C:上下主从层级模式D:空间顺序模式答案:BCD7.下列哪一选项最符合翻译过程中迁就目标语表达模式?答案:C8.以下哪些句子体现了增词翻译原则中的修辞性增词：A:At thirty-five, she had first learned what it is to be a mother. “她到35岁的时候才生平第一次尝到做母亲的滋味。
”B:There has been too much publicity about the case. “那件案子已经搞得满城风雨，人尽皆知了。
”C:We couldn’t count on his rationality. “我们不能指望他会讲道理。
”D:A. “Sesame street” is popular among children. “芝麻街少儿频道再儿童中很受欢迎。
”答案:AB9.英语表达中，动词地位不平等是客观存在的事实，主要体现在A:过去分词结构B:不定式结构C:现在分词结构D:无动词结构答案:ABCD10.汉语结构中主语缺失是一种十分普遍的现象，而英语中是不允许存在的。
中石油18年8月《翻译理论与实践》在线考试客观题
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 在线考试（客观题）单选题 (共50道题)展开收起1.（2.0分） The first missile missed the target. 第一颗导弹没有击中目标。
A、意译B、直译C、肯定译成否定正确答案：此题得分：2.0分2.（2.0分） Our age is witnessing a profound political change. 我们的时代是深刻的政治变化的见证。
A、无灵译成有灵B、动态译成静态C、静态译成动态正确答案：此题得分：2.0分3.（2.0分） 1949 saw the founding of the People’s Republic of China.1949年中华人民共和国成立了。
A、无灵译成有灵B、动译成静C、词性转换正确答案：此题得分：2.0分4.（2.0分）“Good morning, class.”“同学们，早上好。
”A、概略译成具体B、无灵译成有灵C、意译正确答案：此题得分：2.0分5.（2.0分） Give a person a dose of his own medicine. 以其人之道还之其人之身。
A、具体译成抽象B、异化C、归化正确答案：此题得分：2.0分6.（2.0分） The Italians are wise before the deed, the Germans in the deed, the France after the deed. 意大利人事前聪明，德国人事中聪明，而法国人事后聪明。
A、具体译成抽象B、异化C、直译正确答案：此题得分：2.0分7.（2.0分） Don’t cross the bridge till you get to it. 车到山前必有路A、词性转换B、归化C、直译正确答案：此题得分：2.0分8.（2.0分） She has many shortcomings, but we are all fond of her.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A、她虽然有很多缺点，但我们都很喜欢她。
《翻译理论与实践》30问(附答案)
《翻译理论与实践》30问（附答案）1 什么是翻译？翻译是跨语言、跨文化、跨社会的交际活动。
翻译的过程不仅是语言转换过程，且是反映不同社会特征的文化转换过程。
翻译是科学，因为它有规律可循；是艺术，因为它是译者对原文进行再创造的过程；是技能，因为译文的信息需要用译语以恰当的方式再现。
2 翻译的可能性和局限性是什么？翻译的可能性，建立在文化的共性上，而局限性建立在文化的个性上。
文化是一种复杂概念，大致可分为三类：物质文化、制度文化和心理文化。
语言属制度文化，因为它由社会中的人创造，有其使用规律，为全社会的人共有。
人类在同一个地球上生活繁衍，不同国家不同民族的人民都拥有上述三种文化，它们的许多共同之处便是翻译的基础。
由于人类居住的生态环境有别，各国社会历史不完全相同，各国人民表情达意的手法也有差别，它们都是文化交流的障碍，有些障碍甚至不可逾越，这便是造成翻译局限性的原因。
3 翻译和其它学科有关系吗？翻译是一门博大精深的学问，但它和语言诸学科和文化诸学科的关系最密切。
由于翻译至少涉及两种文化和两种语言，是跨文化、跨语言的交际，运用语言或文化科学指导翻译实践时，均需将有关学科进行对比。
所以，译学是“百科学”和译者是“杂家”的比喻，是一点也不过分的。
4 译者应该具备哪些素养？译者应能较熟悉地运用原语和译语，通达人情世故，了解作者和读者的心理，尊重作者和读者，尽力是自己成为沟通他们心灵的桥梁；译者要能“忘我”，尽量再现作者的意图和风格，而不是用自己的风格取而代之；译者应谦虚、大度，热爱学习、锲而不舍，要有将人类创造的全部知识来丰富自己的决心。
译无涯，学无涯。
5 翻译的从属性和创造性是什么？翻译是在科学指导下的艺术活动，需要译者在透彻理解原文的基础上进行再创造，但创造的目的是再现原文的意义和功能，创造的原则是服从于原文，从属于原文。
译者在翻译时好比是走钢丝的杂技演员，无论如何随着音乐的节奏和旋律手舞足蹈或前滚后翻，始终不能离开脚下的钢丝。
翻译理论与实践(汉译英)习题及参考答案
翻译理论与实践（汉译英）习题第一周词的选择复习思考题：翻译下列句子，注意选词：我的表不准，每天快十多分钟。
时间过得真快！情人节快到了。
这把刀很快。
参考译文：My watch doesn’t keep good time. It gains more than ten minutes a day.How time does fly!Valentine’s Day is near. Or:Valentine’s Day is at hand. Or:Valentine’s Day is drawing near.The knife is really sharp. (*The knife is swift.)第二周词语翻译技巧（词义引申）复习思考题练习：根据本节所讲进行选词1.人民现在为什么拥护我们？就是这十几年有发展。
2.由于全球气候变暖，海平面在一点点地上升。
3.改革开放也使民族精神获得了解放。
4.我们的企业应着重提高国际竞争力。
5.中国的现代化建设离不开与世界各国的经济合作与贸易往来。
6.世界科技进步和产业结构的调整，亚太地区经济的迅速增长，给我国经济发展提供了有利条件。
在我国中长期发展中，也有不可制约的因素，突出的是：……7.在1993年亚太经合组织第一次领导人非正式会议上，我曾说过，把一个什么样的世界带到二十一世纪，是我们这一代领导人必须认真思考和解决的重大问题。
环顾新世纪初的世界和亚太地区形势，可以说是有喜有忧。
8.为了进行认真细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景。
9.专家普遍认为积极的财政政策对于最近几年的经济快速增长势头起了很大作用，2003年，这一政策的实施除了应向社会保障，农村教育及基础设施倾斜以外，还应从政府投资转向民间投资。
10.这些价值观和孔子宣扬的一些思想有很多相同之处，孔子的思想强调的是中庸适度。
翻译理论与实践出版考核试卷
14. ABCD
15. ABCD
16. ABCD
17. ABC
18. ABC
19. ABCD
20. ABCD
三、填空题
1.雅
2.归化
3.文化
4.功能
5.预期
6.语境
7.审校
8.音译
9.专业素养
10.交际
四、判断题
1. ×
2. ×
3. √
4. ×
5. ×
6. √
7. ×
8. ×
9. √
10. ×
C.词汇的替换
D.语法结构的调整
2.以下哪一项不是翻译标准的基本原则？（）
A.忠实
B.通顺
C.简洁
D.有创造性
3.在翻译实践中，直译通常指的是（）
A.逐字翻译
B.保持原文风格
C.保留原文文化色彩
D.按照目标语的习惯调整
4.以下哪种翻译策略属于意译？（）
A.保留原文的比喻
B.替换原文的比喻为适合目标语文化的表达
翻译理论与实践出版考核试卷
考生姓名：__________答题日期：_______年__月__日得分：____________判卷人：__________
一、单项选择题（本题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）
1.翻译活动的本质是（）
A.语言的转换B.文化传播的程（）8.以下哪种翻译策略通常用于处理专业术语和行业用语：______。
（）
9.翻译理论与实践的结合，有助于提升译者的______和翻译技能。
（）
10.在翻译出版考核中，不仅要考察译者的语言能力，还要考察其______能力。
英汉翻译理论与实践PPT课件
改译：从这里望下去，整个山谷一览无遗，只见那田野、 河流和村庄，全都美不胜收，真叫我心驰神往。
不能逐字死译 All that glitters is not gold. 原译：所有光辉灿烂的都不是金子。 改译：所有光辉灿烂的并非都是金子。 He sleeps late. 原译：他睡得晚。 改译：他起得晚。 I shall not expect you until I see you. 原译：我不期待你直到我见到你。 改译：你随便什么时候来吧。
Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.
刘重德：信、达、切
faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness
傅雷：传神论/神似说
Transference of soul or spirit
“以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的 不在形似而在神似。”
译文同原文在内容上一致，这叫“意似”，是 翻译的最低标准。译文同原文如果能在形式 上和精神上同时一致起来，或称“形似”和 “神似”，这是翻译的高标准。
贸易、文化、和平、人道等都离不开翻译，翻译在 历史上从未如此不可或缺……请大家试想一下，世 上一日无翻译会怎样……都将鸦雀无声。翻译工作 者就象电线中的电流，水管中的水流。
翻译理论与实践(笔译)期末复习及答案
浙江广播电视大学英语专业(开放本科)《翻译理论与实践》期末复习题型：一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分）二、翻译句子。
（每小题3分，共30分）三、篇章翻译（每小题40分，共40分）四、案例分析题（每小题10分，共10分）一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分）1.美国语言学家罗曼.雅各布森把翻译分成__________。
A. 语内翻译B. 语际翻译C. 符际翻译D. 以上选项都正确2. 下面哪个选项是错误的？_________。
A. dry goods：纺织品B．white goods：白色的货物C．white wine：白葡萄酒D．toilet water：花露水3. “This is a special offer and is not subject to our usual discounts” 请问下面哪个译文最合适？________。
A. 这是特殊报盘，不以我方通常折扣为条件。
B. 这是特惠报盘，我方通常折扣不适应于此盘。
C. 此系特惠报盘，不另加我方通常折扣。
D. 这是特殊报盘，不局限于我们通常折扣。
4．下面哪句话的描述是错误的？________。
A．美国著名翻译理论家奈达提出了“动态对等”原则。
B．“动态对等”原则是指，运用交际理论和信息论的原理，将焦点从传统的译文与原文两个文本的比较转移到两个过程的比较，使人们注意到影响信息接收的各种语言和文化因素。
C．奈达曾将“动态对等”的提法改成了“功能对等”原则。
D．翻译求的是“形式对等”，而非”动态对等”。
5．_________提出了“美化之艺术，创优似竞赛”的翻译理念。
A．尤金.奈达B．泰特勒C．许渊冲D．鲁迅6. 下面哪个配对是错误的？_____。
A．赤脚医生：barefoot doctor B．纸老虎：paper tigerC．to show one’s cards：摊牌D．大海捞针：look for a needle in seaD B C D C D7.哪句话的描述是正确的？______。
10英语 《翻译理论与实践》A卷 成汹涌
郑州成功财经学院2012–2013学年 第二学期 期末考试 试卷A系别：外语系 专业： 10英语 课程：翻译理论与实践I. Please match each of the idioms with their correct Chinese meaning. (10*1’=10’)1. to drain a pond to catch all the fish ( ) A. 摆架子2. in deep water ( ) B. 情绪低落3. to spend money like dirt ( ) C. 了如指掌4. to fish in troubled water ( ) D. 竭泽而渔5. in the blue mood ( ) E. 水深火热6.to lure the tiger from the mountain ( ) F. 浑水摸鱼 7. at one’s finger -tips ( ) G . 史无前例8. to put on airs ( ) H. 一触即发 9. to be without precedent in history ( ) I. 挥金如土 10.to touch and go( ) J. 调虎离山II. Choose the better translation for each sentence.(10*1.5’=15’)[ ]1. Temperatures could soar by nearly 6℃ this century, warns a UN report released recently.A. 21世纪地球气温可能上升近6摄氏度，近来联合国发表报告警告说。
B. 21世纪地球气温可能上升近6摄氏度，警告近来联合国发表的报告。
C. 近来联合国释放的报告警告说，21世纪地球气温可能上升近6摄氏度。
D.近来联合国发表报告警告说，21世纪地球气温可能上升近6摄氏度。
翻译理论与实践A卷及答题纸
《翻译理论与实践》作业I．Multiple Choice QuestionsDirections: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness.1. It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest.A. 恶鸟渎巢。
B. 只有坏鸟会弄脏自己的窝。
C. 再坏的鸟也不会弄脏自己的窝。
D. 只有有病的鸟才会弄脏自己的窝。
2. I have no opinion of that young man.A. 我对那个年轻人没有看法。
B. 我不了解那个年轻人。
C. 我对那个青年人没有意见。
D. 我觉得那个年轻人不怎么样。
3. He did not speak clearly and correctly.A. 他讲得不清楚，但正确。
B. 他讲得清楚，但不正确。
C. 他讲得既清楚也正确。
D. 他讲得既不清楚也不正确。
4. You can’t be too careful while driving!A. 开车要特别小心！B. 开车不能太小心！C. 你开车时不得不小心翼翼！D. 你开车要小心，但切忌谨小慎微！5. The samples of soil from various depths are examined for traces of oil.A. 土样被从不同深度取出，进行检验，看是否有含油的迹象。
B. 从不同深度取出土样以后，便进行检验，看是否有含油的迹象。
C. 根据含油的迹象，土样被从不同深度取出，对之进行检验。
D. 为了寻找含油的迹象，从不同深度取出土样以后，便进行检验。
2008-2009-1学期英语专业2005级(模块2)翻译理论与实践.
2008-2009-1学期英语专业2005级（模块2）“翻译理论与实践”试卷A卷参考答案及评分标准I. Translate the following words or phrases into Chinese. (16pts)每小题2分，理解1分，表达1分。
每个错误扣0.5分，直至2分扣完，不倒扣分。
1.发泄中心2.北京猿人3.宝洁（公司）4.跑表5.虚假繁荣6.知道内情7.各付各的钱（打平伙）8.左右为难的尴尬境地II. Translate the following words or phrases into English. (16pts)每小题2分，理解1分，表达1分。
每个错误扣0.5分，直至2分扣完，不倒扣分。
1. a high insult2.strike while the iron is hot3.spring roll4.Forbidden City5.disposable (throwaway chopsticks)6.pyramid selling7.restricted publication8.family treeIII. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. (24pts)每小题3分，理解1分，表达2分。
每个错误扣0.5分，直至3分扣完，不倒扣分。
翻译无误，表达不很优美的酌情扣分。
1.司法部不愿意把没有把握打赢的官司拿到法庭上去。
2.他亲眼目睹了美国战后第六次后果严重的波及各领域的经济危机。
3.必须反对只顾自己不顾别人的本位主义倾向。
4.佩德拉刚到布拉格时满怀忧郁，当她一摆脱这种情绪后很快就成了女孩子们到领袖。
5.最美的娇娃，因为不堪时艰，很快便姿容消褪，就象无人护理的花朵一样。
6.他这个人，只要开的价钱合适，总能想办法绕过法律。
7.这场球打得非常粗野，我们今晚也是以其人之道还治其人之身。
8.没想到你（他）这么年轻。
英语翻译理论与实践2021[试卷答案]
![英语翻译理论与实践2021[试卷答案]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/c004ce56f524ccbff0218408.png)
北京外国语大学2021年硕士研究生入学考试英语翻译理论与实践专业试题参考答案1.英译汉曝尸荒野你在城市附近的公路上见到的动物尸体大都是狗，也有少许的猫。
深入乡间，动物尸体的形状和颜色就是陌生的了。
那是些野生动物。
从车窗望去，它们残缺不全的肢体，让我们联想起土拨鼠、獾、鼬、田鼠、蛇，有时是残破到面目全非的鹿。
这景象总给人以莫名其妙的震动。
一半是突然涌来的悲悯，一半是没来由的惊讶。
见到死在大路上的动物简直就是令人震惊。
这种心灵上的伤害倒不全是因为它们死的不是地方。
不管它们死在什么地方，也不该这么触目惊心地横陈在我们面前。
你不希望看到动物陈尸在光天化日之下。
动物应该独个儿地、远远地、人不知鬼不觉地死去。
这才是它们的本性。
不该看到它们倒卧大路之上，不该看到它们死在任何地方。
万物皆有一死，但我们只觉得死是一种抽象的概念。
站在草地上、山脚下，仔细检视四周，几乎目之所接的所有东西都在死亡着，大多数东西要在你之先早早死去。
若不是你眼前一直进行着更新和取代的过程，那么，那片地方终将在你脚下变成石头和沙砾。
……动物似乎都有这样的本能：独个儿去死，在背人处死。
即使最大、最招眼的动物到时候也想法荫蔽起自己。
假如一头大象死在明处，那么，象群不会让它留在那儿。
它们会把它抬起，抬着它到处走，一直找到一个莫名其妙的适当地方再放下。
大象如遇到遗在明处的同类的骸骨，它们会有条不紊地一块块将它们捡起来，在哀思绵绵的纪念仪式中，疏散到邻近的大片荒野中。
这是自然界的奇观。
世上万物皆有死，每时每刻都在死，其数量跟每个早晨、每个春天让我们眩目的新生一样多。
但我们看到的，无非是面目全非的残肢，十月的别墅门厅里挣扎的苍蝇和公路上的残体而已。
我这一辈子一直揣着个闷葫芦：我的后院，有的是松鼠，满院都是，一年四季都在，但我从来也没在任何地方见过一只死松鼠。
2.英译汉西敏寺内的遐想每当心情沉重的时候，我总是独自一人去西敏寺教堂；那里肃穆的气氛，教堂特有的神职，庄重的建筑，在那里安息的人们的身份地位，无不给人的心里注满一种忧郁，或不妨说令人沉思，令人欣然。
翻译理论与实践(笔译)期末复习及答案
浙江广播电视大学英语专业(开放本科)《翻译理论与实践》期末复习题型：一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分）二、翻译句子。
（每小题3分，共30分）三、篇章翻译（每小题40分，共40分）四、案例分析题（每小题10分，共10分）一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分）1.美国语言学家罗曼.雅各布森把翻译分成__________。
A. 语内翻译B. 语际翻译C. 符际翻译D. 以上选项都正确2. 下面哪个选项是错误的？_________。
A. dry goods：纺织品B．white goods：白色的货物C．white wine：白葡萄酒D．toilet water：花露水3.“This is a specia l offer and is not subjec t to our usual discou nts”请问下面哪个译文最合适？________。
A. 这是特殊报盘，不以我方通常折扣为条件。
B. 这是特惠报盘，我方通常折扣不适应于此盘。
C. 此系特惠报盘，不另加我方通常折扣。
D. 这是特殊报盘，不局限于我们通常折扣。
4．下面哪句话的描述是错误的？________。
A．美国著名翻译理论家奈达提出了“动态对等”原则。
B．“动态对等”原则是指，运用交际理论和信息论的原理，将焦点从传统的译文与原文两个文本的比较转移到两个过程的比较，使人们注意到影响信息接收的各种语言和文化因素。
C．奈达曾将“动态对等”的提法改成了“功能对等”原则。
D．翻译求的是“形式对等”，而非”动态对等”。
5． _________提出了“美化之艺术，创优似竞赛”的翻译理念。
A．尤金.奈达B．泰特勒C．许渊冲D．鲁迅6. 下面哪个配对是错误的？_____。
A．赤脚医生：barefo ot doctor B．纸老虎：paper tigerC．to show one’s cards：摊牌D．大海捞针：look for a needle in seaD B C D C D7.哪句话的描述是正确的？______。
翻译理论与实践（TranslationtheoryandPractice）
翻译理论与实践（Translation theory and Practice）This paper consists of the 8888 contributionPpt documents may experience poor browsing on the WAP side. It is recommended that you first select TXT, or download the source file to the local view.Translation theory and PracticeI., What, is, translation, II., Is, it, to, translate, easy, III.,, Can, all, the, translated, words, be?I., What, is, translation?1, the definition of translation? 2, translation is to translate the text or? E.g.1:, My, sister, went, to, school, at, 7., e.g.2:, have you eaten? Where to? E.g.3: you're beautiful today! -- where?!II., Is, it, easy, to, translate?Henchman? Go back to man in the? The? Street? Crow s feet a hen party '? Fog lock hill mountain fog water disappears in the sky with rain window, two East West three point cut to carve up the piece, seven horizontal eight vertical knife knife toward the sea towards towards falling towards long clouds long long.III., Can, all, the, words, be, translated?According to the nephew lanterns (old uncle)? East sunrise rain, is (clear) the situation is a (clear)? --The professor shouted:Gentlemen, order --The entire class yelled:! "" Beer! "--Why is the river very? Rich? --Because it has two banks.You can cage a swallow, but you can t swallow a "cage. --The secret is going to? Be exposed, and we ll look pretty silly. --You" already look pretty and silly. bathing on bikini? Girl, eyeing, boy, finds boy eyeing bikini on bathing girl.Chapter 1The definition of translation, the purpose of translation, the type of translation, the standard of translation, the process of translation, the conditions for translationDefinition of translationTranslation is the practice of language in which the content of another language is re expressed in one language. Feng Qinghua? Translation is a kind of language (i.e., primitive) information in another language (the target language) express, so that the readers can get the original thoughts expressed by the author, are roughly the same as the original readers feel. - Fan Zhongying, translation is the translator's re understanding of the same thing and the use of another text. - Qiao HaiqingDefinition of translationTranslation is "an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language Translation is." Jakobson? "The replacement of textual material in one language (SL) byequivalent textual material in another language (TL). Catford Translation is the replacement of? A representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language. HudsonThe purpose of translationA bridge of communication and communication between different languages and cultures.Types of translationIntra language translation (intralingual translation) an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs in the same language (interlingual translation) translation? An interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language? Intersemiotic translation (intersemiotic translation) an interpretation of verbal signs by means of nonverbal signs systemChinese translation theoriesYan Fu: Xindaya translation - Three: xindaya. It is hard to ask for a letter. Take care of the letter and fail to reach it,Even if you do not translate it, you will also interpret it. ? Lu Xun: faith, Shun - a course to make it easy, one is to preserve the original charm. / / faith rather than fluency? Qu Qiubai: the notion of equivalence translation should be the original intention, exactly China introduced to readers, make readers get China concept concept equal to other language from the textto the reader. Contradiction: to reproduce the artistic conception the highest task of literary translation is to reproduce the artistic conception so that the target readers can enjoy the beauty as much as the original.Chinese translation theoriesLiu Zhongde: letter, reach, cut letter: believe in content: as long as it is cut: to adapt to style, Zhang today: true, good, beautiful, truth: truth, principle, good: ideological principles: Beauty: artistic principlesForeign translation theoriesTytler: 1. The translation should the same effect on give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. style and manner of 2. The writing should be of the same character as that of the original. translation should have all 3. The the ease of the original composition.Federov: on Translation should produce a translation version which may be read with as much pleasure as the original, and yet remain faithful to its spirit, sense and style. Nida: dynamic equivalence theory readers get responses, and feelings with the original readers read the original income roughly equal. Newmark: text centered theoryProcess of translationIt is generally believed that the original text is understood expression Nida: original text testAnalytical translationTarget textRestructureFour steps: analysis, translation, reconstruction, testTranslation, from, English, to, Chinese:1., The, days, run, into, weeks., the days go by, for a few weeks.2. It, s, all, Greek, to, me., the translation condition, I do not understand at all. Mandarin Chinese is better than3. Mary has? A clever tongue. Marie (glib glib). English language ability is better than4., You, can, never, tell., wide knowledge, no one can say.5., My, memory, failed, me, at, that, moment., I can't remember that moment.6., Your, name, obstinately, escapes, me., I can't remember your name.7., To, think, that, you, should, fail., I don't think you will fail. 8., Would, it, were, otherwise, if that's not the case. There was more mischief than harm in him. he is only mischievous, and no harm. 10., I, never, go, past, my, old, school, but,, think, of, our, headmaster.. Every time I pass my alma mater, I remember our headmaster. 11., The, book, is, beyond, me., I can't read this book. 12., There, is, nothing, like, leather, for, shoes., leather shoes are great. 13., It, is, too, recent, to, be, forgotten., fresh in memory.14., The, mountain, is, not, valuable, because, it, is, high.,mountain is precious, not at its height. The "This is the last place I where expected to meet you." did not expect to meet you here. 16., He, is, nothing, if, not, stubborn., he's a stubborn man. 17., I, was, not, a, little, surprised., I was shocked.18., He, can, do, it, if, any, one, can., only he can do it.19. You cannot make something out of nothing. one can't make bricks without straw. 20., I, can, t, bear, the, sight,, of, that, man.I can't stand seeing that man.Similar sentences1. He had made a box., he has made a box. He had a box made., he told people to make a box.2. Foolishly he spoke. he was so foolish to speak. He spoke foolishly. he talks very stupid.3. Quite properly he was punished. he deserved to be punished. He was punished quite properly., he was properly punished.4., We, asked, him, to, speak, from, his, experience., we ask him to talk about it based on his experience. We asked him to speak about his experiences. we asked him to talk about his experience.Similar sentences5. He is behind time. he's late. He, is, behind, the, times., he's behind the times.6. His success is out of question. his success is beyond doubt. His, success, is, out, of, the, question, he's never going to be successful.7., They, went, to, sea., they're going to besailors. They, went, to, the, sea., they went to the beach. 8., It, has, been, raining, continually, for, two, days., rain, intermittent two days. It has, been, raining, continuously, for,, two, days rain continued for two days.Similar sentences9., He, has, no, more, than, ten, books., he has only ten books. He has not more than ten books., he has ten books at most.He is not a little afraid of it. he was very scared. He is not a bit afraid of it., he is not afraid at all. 11., I, didn, t, go, because, I, was, afraid., I am not afraid to go. I, didn, t, go, because, I, to., was, afraid, I did not go, because I dare not go. 12. She kept the house., she watches over the house. She kept house. her home.Similar sentences13., This, is, no, place, for, me, to, go., this is not whereI should go. There, is, no, place, for, me, to, go, I have nowhere to go. 14. I, had, a, good, talk, to, him, yesterday., I gave him a good dressing down yesterday. I had a good talk with him yesterday. I had a really good time talking to him yesterday. 15., Tom, escaped, prison., Tom escaped the jail. Tom, escaped, from, prison., Tom, jailbreak. 16., Is, there, any, difficulty, in, this? Do you have any difficulty with this? Is, there, some, difficulty, in, this? It's a bit difficult, isn't it?Similar sentencesWe are sure that man is mortal. we are sure that man will always die. We, are, sure, that, man, is, dead., we are sure the man is dead. 18., We, hired, the, boat, by, the, hour.. We ship by hour. We hired, the, boat, for, an, hour., we rented an hour boat.Similar sentences19., I, did, not, notice, him., I didn't notice him. I, took, no, notice, of, him., I don't care about him. 20., Happily, he, did, not, die., thankfully he did not die. He did not die happily., he died uneasy.The second chapter is semantic translationFirst, the choice of meaning in the understanding of polysemy (polysemy)The translation of runRun, a, car, run, shop, run, oil, run, message, a, fever, run, a, computer, run, run, a, meeting, run,, chickens, run, a, arms, advertisement, run, anHead translation10. He arranged his speech under five heads. his speech is divided into five parts. 11., We, have, thirty, head, of, cattle.We have thirty cows. 12., Heads, or, tails? Heads or tails? 13., Where, is, the, head? Where is the toilet?The translation of head:1. head of the English Department, director of the English Department of2. head of the government head of the bed, head of government3.4. head of the staircase a of the needle at the top of the stairs5. head6. He was badly wounded in a the head. he was badly wounded in the head.7. He has a good head for maths. he has a lot of mathematical talent.8., You, should, use, your, head., you should use your head.9. The, dinner, cost, US, five, dollars, a, head., the meal cost us 5 yuan each.The translation of I. poor:1. The, cloth, is, poor, in, quality., this cloth is of poor quality.2. The, water, is, poor, in, oxygen., this water is anoxic.3. Her first concert had a poor audience., her first concert, with very few listeners.4. This, to, her, was, a, poor, consolation., this comfort does not work for her.5. In my poor opinion, you should let her go. in my humble opinion, you should let her go. Boat. She was a poor sailor and always went to bed immediately on on getting the she has seasickness problems, so always go to bed on board.The translation of II. runThe He will not be running in the next election., he is not ready to run for the next election. 2., The, train, is, not, running, today., that train is off today. 3. The film began to run. filmat the. 4. His face was running with sweat. he Sweat streamed down the face. 5., It, was, such, a, ran., hot, day, that, the, butter, the weather was so hot that the butter melted. 6., The, road, runs, north., this road extends north. The "The rumor runs that he is going to resign." is rumoured that he is going to resign. 8., The, monsoon, had, six, weeks, more, to, run., the rainy season will last six weeks.The translation of II. run9., The, car, repair, will, run, you, at, least, two, hundred., repair, at least you spend two hundred yuan. 10. The play ran for only a week in that theatre.. The play was only staged for a week in that theater. 11., Potatoes, are, running, large, this, year., potatoes grow a lot this year. 12., A, freezer, doesn, run., t, cost, much, to, the use of the refrigerator is not very expensive.The translation of III. liveShe needs to find somewhere to live. she needs to find a place to live. 2., Where, do, these, plates, live? Where are these dishes? 3., Spiders, can, live, for, several, days, without, food., spiders can live without food for a few days. 4., We, saw, a, real, rattlesnake, live! We saw a live rattlesnake.The translation of III. live5. The club has live music most nights., the club has live music most nights.6. The show is going on live., the show is being broadcast live.7., Pollution, is, still, very, much, a, live,issue. pollution is still a very interesting issue at the moment.8., This, is, a, live, and, interesting, book., this is a lively and interesting book.The translation of IV. like1., He, likes, mathematics, more, physics., than, he prefers mathematics to physics.2., Bananas, don, t, like, me., I ate a banana and my stomach was upset. (bananas do not fit my stomach.) Three它的味道像芒果。
07-08 A 卷 口译理论与实践 期末考试 试卷 答案
Interpretation Training TestPaper A(Tape script)Part A ( E-C) (50%)Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear two passages in English. Each passage consists of four sentences. After you have heard each sentence, interpret it into Chinese. You may take notes while listening.Passage 1 (25%):I wish to take this opportunity to thank you on behalf of all my colleagues for your warm reception and incomparable hospitality.The pass five days in China have been truly pleasant and enjoyable, and most memorable.Here, I particularly want to pay tribute to our Chinese partners whose effort has made possible the successful conclusion of the cooperative agreements.May I ask all of you present here to join me in raising your glasses, to the lasting friendship and cooperation between our two companies.Passage 2 (25%):Ladies and gentlemen, I’d like to report on my recent investigation of the current situation of China’s automobile market.Considering the fact that there is only one car for every 250 Chinese at present, the potential auto market is extremely attractive.China has cut its average tariff rate several times and promised to continue to cut its automobile import tariff. China has virtually opened its auto market to the outside world.China is seeking partners for its automobile industry, and we should walk up and take the opportunity.Part B ( C-E) (50%)Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear two passages in Chinese. Each passage consists of four sentences. After you have heard each sentence, interpret it into English. You may take notes while listening.Passage 1 (25%):中国国际旅行社为各位安排了富有中国民族文化特色的有趣的旅游线路。
5012翻译理论与实践A卷答案
试卷编号：5012浙江广播电视大学2006年春季学期开放教育本科期末考试《翻译理论与实践》试题答案及评分标准2006年7月一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分）1.A 2。
D 3。
A 4。
C 5。
C6．B 7。
B 8。
C 9。
B 10。
D二、问答题（每小题15分，共30分）1．处理习语的英译汉主要有哪几种翻译方法？请举例说明（包括英语原文和汉译）。
主要有三种翻译方法：1）直译法。
所谓直译法指在不违背译文语言规范以及不引起错误的联想的条件下，在译文中保留英语习语的比喻，形象和民族，地方色彩的方法。
用这种方法处理习语，把西方习语移植到汉语中来，往往可以丰富译文语言。
如：fight to the last man (战斗到最后一个人); Blood is thicker than water（血浓于水）; the Trojan horse（特洛伊木马）2）汉语同义习语的套用法。
有的英语习语和汉语同义习语在内容和形式上都相符合，双方不但有相同的意义和修辞色彩，并且有相同的或大体相同的形象比喻，在这种情况下，可以采用这种套用法。
如：praise to the skies(捧上天去); to add fuel to the fire（火上加油）; to spend money like water（挥金如土）。
3）意译法。
如果不可能或没有必要用直译法保留英语习语的表达形式，并且在汉语中也找不到合适的同义习语可供套用，就可以采用直译法配合上下文把英语习语的含义表达出来。
如：All right, I blame myself. But it’s the last time. We were cat’s-paws, that’s all.得了，怪我自己瞎了眼。
可是我再也不干拉。
我们上了人家当，没别的。
2．如何理解严复的“信，达，雅”翻译标准？应包含以下三层意思：1）作为翻译标准，“信、达、雅”的提法简明扼要，又有层次，主次突出。
翻译理论与实践考试试卷
翻译理论与实践考试试卷I。
Alternative Choice：15 %1. There is a lot of luck in drilling for oil。
The drill may just miss the oil although it is near.译文A：石油钻探很大程度上要靠运气。
哪怕钻机打到石油边上,也可能找不到石油。
译文B：钻探石油有很大的运气，即使钻机就在附近也有可能错过石油。
2．I have no manners whatsoever。
If I feel like it，I eat with my fingers，or out of a can，or standing up——-in other words, whichever is easiest。
译文A:事实上我没有任何规矩，如果我觉得喜欢，我就用手指吃，或用罐头吃,或站着吃--换句话说，看那种吃法最容易。
译文B:我实在是一点规矩也没有。
只要觉得合适，我可用手抓着吃，直接拿着罐头吃，或是站着吃:反正怎么省事就怎么吃。
3. 过去的一年．全国人民团结奋斗，开拓进取，社会主义现代化事业取得重大成就.译文A：In the past, the Chinese people worked hard with a united and pioneering spirit, achieving great success in the drive for socialist modernization.译文B:In the last year, the Chinese people united and worked hard，pioneered and forged ahead，and made great achievements in the cause of China’s socialist modernization。
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郑州成功财经学院2012–2013学年 第二学期 期末考试 试卷A系别：外语系 专业： 10英语 课程：翻译理论与实践 题号 IⅡⅢⅣ Ⅴ 总分 合分人 复核人 分数I. Please match each of the idioms with their correct Chinese meaning. (10*1’=10’)1. to drain a pond to catch all the fish ( ) A. 摆架子2. in deep water ( ) B. 情绪低落3. to spend money like dirt ( ) C. 了如指掌4. to fish in troubled water ( ) D. 竭泽而渔5. in the blue mood ( ) E. 水深火热6.to lure the tiger from the mountain ( ) F. 浑水摸鱼 7. at one’s finger -tips ( ) G . 史无前例8. to put on airs ( ) H. 一触即发 9. to be without precedent in history ( ) I. 挥金如土 10.to touch and go( ) J. 调虎离山II. Choose the better translation for each sentence.(10*1.5’=15’)[ ]1. Temperatures could soar by nearly 6℃ this century, warns a UN report released recently.A. 21世纪地球气温可能上升近6摄氏度，近来联合国发表报告警告说。
B. 21世纪地球气温可能上升近6摄氏度，警告近来联合国发表的报告。
C. 近来联合国释放的报告警告说，21世纪地球气温可能上升近6摄氏度。
D. 近来联合国发表报告警告说，21世纪地球气温可能上升近6摄氏度。
[ ] 2. Stanley Jordan is being called “the world’s first two -handed guitarist”. A. 斯坦利·乔丹目前被誉为“世界上第一位拥有双手的吉他演奏家”。
B. 斯坦利·乔丹正在被叫做“世界上第一位使用双手的吉他演奏家”。
C. 斯坦利·乔丹目前被誉为“世界上第一位双手叩弦的吉他演奏家”。
得 分 评卷人得 分 评卷人年级 专业 班级 学号 姓名密 封 线 内 不 得 答 题装 订 密 封 线D. 斯坦利·乔丹正在被称为“世界上第一位双手叩弦的吉他演奏家”。
[ ] 3. Soldiers swarmed ashore, captured a few curious souls, and pressed at once inland seeking more victims.A. 士兵们蜂涌上岸，抓了一些好奇灵魂，然后立即向内地压，去搜寻更多的捕捉对象。
B. 士兵们蜂涌上岸，抓了一些好奇的人，然后立即向内地压迫，去搜寻更多的牺牲品。
C. 士兵们蜂涌上岸，抓了一些好奇的人，然后立即向内地推进，去搜寻更多的牺牲品。
D. 士兵们蜂涌上岸，抓了一些好奇的人，然后立即向内地挺进，去搜寻更多的捕捉对象。
[ ] 4. I hope that any of my friends and colleagues, or former colleagues, who are affected by the political reconstruction, will make all allowance for any lack of ceremony with which it has been necessary to act.A. 我希望，受到这次政治改组影响的朋友和同僚，或前任同僚，对略去以往必不可少的礼节，能给予体谅。
B. 我希望朋友和同僚，或受到这次政治改组影响的前任同僚，对略去以往必不可少的礼节，能给予体谅。
C. 我希望朋友和同僚，或受到这次政治体制改革影响的前任同僚，对略去以往必不可少的礼节，能给予体谅。
D. 我希望朋友和同僚，或受到这次政治改组影响的前任同僚，能够允许略去以往必不可少的礼节。
[ ] 5. The green eyes in the carefully sweet face were turbulent, willful, and lusty with life.A. 她脸上着意装出温婉的表情，可那绿色的眼睛却是骚动不宁，执拗任性，充满生机。
B. 她小心地温婉的脸，可那绿色的眼睛却是骚动不宁，执拗任性，充满生机。
C. 她着意装出温婉的表情的脸上的绿色的眼睛骚动不宁，执拗任性，充满生机。
D. 她脸上着意装出甜蜜蜜的表情，那绿色的眼睛却是骚动不宁，执拗任性，充满生机。
[ ] 6. 我见了这两河流域截然相反的景象，感到痛心疾首。
A. I saw the sharp contrast between these two rivers, felt pain in my heart.B. I felt pain in my heart and ache in my head upon seeing the sharp contrast between these two rivers.C. I felt pain in my heart upon seeing the sharp contrast between these two rivers.D. I felt pain in my heart, because seeing the sharp contrast between these two rivers.[ ] 7. 近年来，他又吸收西洋画法，运用油画技法在内画壶上创作人物肖像，达到相当完美的境界。
A. In recent years, he has been employing Western painting methods and oil painting techniques to paint portraits inside snuff bottles to reach perfection.B. In recent years, he has been employing Western oil painting techniques to paintquite perfect portraits inside snuff bottles.C. In recent years, he has been absorbing Western painting techniques, using oil painting techniques to paint quite perfect portraits inside snuff bottles.D. In recent years, he has been employing Western oil painting techniques to paint portraits inside snuff bottles, and reached a quite perfect level.[ ] 8. 一九一九年“巴黎和会”上中国外交的失败，激起了中国人民的极大愤慨。
A. China’s diplom atic failure at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference aroused great indignation of the Chinese people.B. China’s diplomacy failed at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference aroused great indignation among the Chinese people.C. China’s diplomatic failure at the 1919 Pa ris Peace Conference aroused great indignation among the Chinese people.D. China’s diplomacy failed at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, arousing great anger of the Chinese people.[ ] 9. 这里，我想就以下一些方面谈些看法，希望有助于诸位对中国的了解。
A. Here, I would like to make some observations on the following aspects, which I hope will help you know China better.B. Here, I would like to make some opinions on the following aspects, which I hope will help you know China better.C. Here, I would like to make some observations on the following aspects, which I hope that will help you know China better.D. Here, I would like to make some observations on the following aspects, and I hope will help you know China better.[ ]10. 但终于硬着头皮，走到左边的一坐坟前，放下篮子。
A. But, she summoned up courage to cross over to a grave in the left section, where she set down basket.B. However, she hardened the skin of her head to cross over to a grave in the left section, where she set down her basket.C. However, she summoned up courage to cross over to a grave in the left section, set down her basket.D. However, she summoned up courage to cross over to a grave in the left section, where she set down her basket.得分评卷人III. Translate the following sentences. (10*4’=40’)1. 我在看电视，所以没有听见门铃声。