综合英语第四册第五单元Unit 5
Unit5答案大学英语综合教程4
Unit5答案⼤学英语综合教程4Unit 5 Fame and SuccessI. Listen and Respond1. Focusing on the Main Ideas1) It’s mainly about how to set goals in one’s life.2) This is because they all have clear goals. They know what they want in life and they go after it.3) They are: a) decide what you want; b) make clear your values; c) write them down; and d) take action.4) According to the passage, one should have written goals, careful choices, clear commitments and daily persistence if he or she wants to be successful.2. Zooming In on the Details1) athletes2) inspiring3) accident4) priorities5) independence6) intentions7) specific8) marriage9) extraordinary10) persistent11) sketches12) commitmentsII. Text A---Discovering the Main Ieas1.1) In this essay, the author talks about the issue of fame. The main idea is that most people want fame because fame can bring them celebrity, high regard, admiration, etc. However, the author emphasizes that there are few people who can really capture fame and that fame is usually short-lived. Fame can affect and sometimes even destroy one’s life.2) The author takes an objective attitude towards fame with an emphasis on its negative side. He believes that fame rewards one with money, power and popularity, but it may also enslave him and destroy his life.3) According to the author, to stay famous, an artist has to perform in the style that the public wants and enjoys, no matter how bored he is of performing in the same style year after year. Any attempt to change the style may result in the loss of his popularity among his fans.4) To find excuses for the failures, people tend to claim that they are too sensitive, they are not interested in money, they are not interested in the power that fame brings and they are not interested in the loss of privacey it demands, etc.5) According to the author, people chase fame because they want to demonstrate excellence in some field; to gain the admiration and love of many others; to be the one everyone talks about; to show family and friends that they are more than their family and friends thought they were.6) Probably not. According to the author, fame takes “the you out of you”, which means that oncea person becomes famous, he must be what the public thinks he is, not what he really is or couldbe. Fame enslaves him with what the public wants, instead of helping him maintain and develop his own identity or his true self.2.Part Paragraph(s) Main IdeaOne 1-2 Fame enslaves the person who pursues it because once he becomes fam ous, he will not only attract the public’s attention, but also has to workand live in line with the public’s expectations. He then becomes the slaveof his own success.Two 3-4 For those who look for fame, failure is not necessarily a bad thing, especially for those who fail to perform well enough, because people tendto be more tolerant towards and sympathetic with them.Three 5 Though fame brings disadvantages to those who achieve it, people still seek fame for various reasons.Four 6 It is better to take a critical attitude towards fame.III. Text A---Reading Between the Lines1.According to the author, fame and the public attention that comes with it can destroy one’stalent. Once you become famous, it is not you but the public that controls your fate. You have to work and live in line with the public expectations.2.Artists are no longer the master of themselves. In order to meet the public demands, they haveto perform in the same style year after year, no matter how bored they become.3.Fame often affects how performers see their own talent and skills. It is easy for them tobelieve that they are as perfect as what the media describe. They may indulge themselves in that illusion and lose their own judgment about themselves.4.Once you become famous, your opponents will pay more attention to you and they will seekevery opportunity to challenge or even attack you. You will also be exposed to the limelight and the media may keep an eye on whatever you are doing.IV. Text B---Checking Your V ocabulary1.2) d 3) g 4) a 5) c 6) h 7) b 8) f2.1) (n.) a first university degree in any of several subjects(n.) an unmarried man2) (n.) the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority onone’s way of life or behaviour(n.) too much freedom in behaviour, taken without permission and sometimes regarded as rude 3) (n.) the point of highest activity, quality or achievement(vi.) reach a highest point4) (n.) a very strong feeling of excitement or joy(vt.) cause to fell a sudden strong feeling of excitement or joy5) (n.) the amount of money that is available to a family to spend(vt.) bring (the lips) together in little folds6) (ad.) in the way that is typical of power that is uncontrolled and used without considering thewishes of others(ad.) in the way that is decided by or based on chance or personal opinion rather than facts or reason; randomly7) (vt.) make (sth.) certain to happen or be gained; ensure(vt.) tell firmly and with confidence, esp. with the aim of removing doubt; promise8) (n.) the management of money, esp. of large amounts of money by governments, companies, orlarge organizations(vt.) provide an esp. large amount of money for (a public activity or organization, business, etc.)V. Text B---Checking Your Comprehension1. NFinancial wealth, in fact, is a shallow measure of success. If we accept dollars as our standard, then “money is the measure of the man,” and what could be more foolish than that? (Para. 4) Such success cannot be measured in monetary terms. (Para.10)2. Y…wealth is ill-measured by using mere dollars: … (Para. 3)What about a life well-lived? What about a family closely bound by love? Who could be wealthier than a man or woman whose calling provides benefits to mankind, or to fellow citizens, or even toa community or neighborhood? (Para. 4)3. Y… that fame is ill-measured by public notoriety; … (Para. 3)4. N… and that power is ill-measured solely by control over others. (Para. 3)5. NPerhaps the famed economist Joseph Schumpeter can help. Ambitious people are driven, he suggested, by “the joy of creating, of getting things done, of simply exercising one’s energy and ingenuity; and by the will to conquer, the impulse to fight, to succeed for the sake, not of the fruits of success”--- i.e. wealth, fame, and power--- “but of success itself.” (Para. 9)6. YSource sentences: Such success cannot be measured in monetary terms, nor in terms of the amount of power one may exercise over others, nor in the illusory fame of inevitably short-lived public notice. But it can be measured in our contributions to building a better world, in helping our fellow man, in bringing up children who themselves become loving human beings and good citizens. (Para. 10)VI. Text B---Optional Classroom Activities(The following explanations are provided only for references)1)As long as you have confidence in yourself, and hold the belief that anything is possible, youare already on your way to success.2)If you always close your eyes to possibilities, you will attempt nothing and accomplishnothing. Such a pessimistic attitude can never make a successful person.3)Successful people know their goals and would waste no time in pursuing them. If you believewhat you are doing now would lead you to success, the 10 million dollars might speed you up on your way to success but would not change what you are doing now.4)Education and talent are important factors in achieving success, but they can never take theplace of perseverance. On your way to success, the biggest obstacle is not the lack of education or talent, but the lack of persistence and determination in what you are doing.Education and talent may help you to achieve success, yet only persistence and determination can give you the will power to stick to your goal and to overcome difficulties.5)The only answer is as much as it takes.VII. Enhance Your Language Awareness1.1) fortune2) dull3) chased4) launched5) finance6) reputation7) liberty8) publicity9) sufficiently10) sympathy11) target12) educate13) commerce14) alike15) bored16) audiences17) regard18) assure2.1) thrown out2) and so on3) for dear life4) dedicate himself to5) was tired of6) turn away7) hang on8) for the sake ofVIII. Increasing Your Word Power1.Back-formation Original word Back-formation Original word automate automation housekeep housekeeperbabysit babysitter mass-produce mass-productionbook-keep book-keeping self-destruct self-destructiondry-clean dry-cleaning window-shop window-shoppingedit editor wordprocess wordprocessor 2.1) reached / secured2) achieved / attained3) attained / reached4) reach / secure5) achieved / realized / fulfilled6) fulfill / meet / satisfy3.2) competitive3) same4) momentary5) specific6) sufficient7) cruel8) humble9) famous10) reasonableIX. Grammar Review1.1) (real) subject (真正的主语)2) object to the verb “make” （动词“make”的宾语）3) predicate （谓语）4) attribute modifying “opportunity” （定语---修饰“opportunity”）5) object complement （宾语补⾜语）6) adverbial of purpose （⽬的状语）7) adverbial of result （结果状语）8) predicative （表语）9) attribute modifying “person” （定语---修饰“person”）10) independent element （独⽴主格结构）2.1) To become a famous writer2) to take traveler’s checks3) to employ a young engineer4) take the machine apart5) To understand the situation completely6) to rise higher in position7) to find that the train had left 10 minutes before8) to apply for a known job opening9) to make trouble10) To be more exactX. Cloze1) chase2) reputation3) dedicate4) reward5) sufficiently6) measured7) assure8) Momentary9) celebrity10) target11) frank12) liberty13) illusory14) regardXI. Translation1.1) He attempted to save the enterprise which was on the verge of collapse but failed.2) The president has announced that he will not seek re-election at the end of his first term.3) The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.4) She loves giving parties and does so whenever she can find an excuse.5) I’m afraid that you’ll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrative post in this company.6) To be frank, I don’t think you stand a good chance of getting promoted even if you are loyal to the company.7) It was obvious that his speech aroused the sympathy of the audience for the victims of the earthquake.8) Though he has repeatedly assured me of his ability to promote our company’s products, I’ll give him another interview before hiring him.9) The company’s investment ended in failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of the general manager and so the board of directors decided to throw him out.10) I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer. We will reach the peak in half an hour.2.Many people want to be famous because fame can bring them both honor and respect from the public. In most cases, fame can also help them gain wealth. But, after all, very few people can really become famous while most people, including most artists, are unlikely to become famous.It is true that some failure for some people at certain times in their lives does motivate them to strive even harder so as to achieve final success. For example, Thomas Edison, the famous American inventor, had tried hundreds of materials before he finally found the suitable fuse for the electric bulb. However, unfortunately, for most people failure is the end of their struggle.Therefore, in my opinion, success is one thing and fame is another. As long as you have tried your best, you’re already successful whether y ou are famous or not.XII. Theme-Related WritingA Sample Essay:Fame--- Good or EvilFame has always been pursued by many people for the advantages it brings about. Fame can assure one of a high social status, high regard, great admiration, etc. Fame can also bring one wealth as a celebrity has more chances to earn big money. Besides, the applauses and flowers from the fans may boost one’s self-confidence and increase one’s sense of fulfillment.However, fame can ruin one’s life, too. It deprives one of his privacy. As a public figure, he is often chased by fans and journalists, and his private life never escapes the media’s attention or public curiosity. Fame also places one under great pressure. He has to work in line with public expectations and thus becomes the slave of his own success.So fame is a double-edged sword. I don’t seek fame and I don’t envy those who are famous. I highly appreciate what the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow says about fame: “The talent of success is nothing more than doing well whatever you do without a thought of fame.”。
全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程_第四册_Unit5课后练习答案1
Unit 5Text ATextoganization 1.Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1 It is no easy to judge people, for they aren’t always whatthey appear to bePart Two Paras 2-3 Kind and gentle, Edward Burton, a wealthy merchant,appeared as if he could not bear to hurt a fly.Part Three Paras 4-51 History of globalization and its recent trends and futureprospectssections Paragraphs Main Ideassection One Paras 4-16 What Edward knew about Lennysection Two Paras 17-31 How Edward responded to Lenny’s requestsection Three Paras 32-51 How Edward, a “kind” gentleman, handled a friend indesperate need of helpVocabularyI1) In a way 2) in accordance 3) vacancy 4) in good condition 5) transparent 6) rub 7) spicy 8) hitherto9) with (a) bad grace 10) instinct 11) pawned 12) current2.1) turned up 2) will stick to 3) brought back 4)go about5) driving at 6) put away 7) over 8) took aback3.1) has a very weak constitution --- she may not be able to survive the operation.2) was taken aback by the insurance company’s rejection of my compensation claim3) was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that.4) needs trimming/ to be trimmed ---it’s getting too long.5) are often seceptive4.1) Oddly enough /went broke /wrinkled / he had gone all to pieces2) definite / is capable of /her vanity3) too mild / sipping / strokeII. Usage1. Except for2. except that3. except4. except when5. except to6. except what7. except where8. except thatIII.vocabulary spellingAmE BrE AmE BrEapartment flat favorable favourablecan tin paralyze paralysecandy sweets labor labourelevator lift meter metrefaculty staff (of a university) catalog cataloguefirst floor ground floor leveling levellinggas, gasoline petrol theater theatremail post defense defencerailroad railway plow ploughpants trousers program programmesubway tube, underground practic e (v.) practisecorn maize characterize characterisestore shop tire tyre (on a car)Comprehensive exercisesI.Cloze1.1. insane2. current3. candid4. capable5. was taken aback6. in good condition7. constitution8. go all to pieces9. gone broke 10. vacancy 11. mild 12. deceptive2.1. suspected2. pleading3. confirmed4. stunned5. lucrative6. jewellery7. wealthy8. urge9. spell 10. arrested II.Translation1.1)I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, because he issomething of an adventurer.2)He is capable of sticking to the task at hand, even if he is exposed to noises.3)The trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hitherto in force.4)Oddly enough, many people volunteered to help organize the meeting, but only afew turned up.5)The teacher’s affectionate words, along with his candid comments, changed theway Mike perceived the society and himself.2. 课后翻译For my own part, I find that appearances are all too often deceptive. For instance, you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people like Edward Hyde Burton. In appearance, he seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes, gentle and candid. Nevertheless, he turned out to be very cruel. He insulted and fooled Lenny who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture. What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to Lenny’s death. Without doubt, Burton was a man with a heart of stone.。
大学英语第四册第五单元
Sip v.n.小口地喝 小口地喝
Eg: He sipped his tea. = He took a sip of tea.
Go broke: go bankrupt
Eg: I do not think one day Bill Gates will go broke. RP: go for broke 全力以赴
New Words and Expressions
For sb’s own part Definite All of a piece Wrinkle Evidently Instinct Sip In a way Transparent Go broke Hitherto Trim Insane Drive at Current Turn up Funk Construction Trifle
For sb’s own part: as fas as … is concerned
Eg: Some young students, for their part, can stay up late playing computer games. RP: for my part 就我而言 for the most part 在很大程度上 part (v) company with 与……断绝 断绝 关系
Definite a. clear
Eg: I was wandering round the shop with no very definite aim. Definite wording for a contact 合同的精确措辞 RW: definitely ad.毫无疑问的 毫无疑问的 definitive a.权威的 权威的
Drive at: be trying to say
全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程4_unit 5课件
Fast reading: Please divide the text into three parts
and find out the main idea of each part.
Part I Para 1
It is no easy job to judge people, for they aren’t always what they appear to be.
Det-reading tasks
Det-reading tasks
Though his offices were in Kobe, Burton often came down to Yokohama. I happened on one occasion to be spending a few days there, waiting for a ship, and I was introduced to him at the British Club. We played bridge together. He played a good game and a generous one. He did not talk very much, either then or later when we were having drinks, but what he said was sensible. He had a quiet, dry humor . He seemed to be popular at the club and afterwards, when he had gone, they described him as one of the best. It happened that we were both staying
综合英语4第五单元文章翻译
综合英语4第五单元文章翻译综合英语是高等院校英语专业课程设置中最重要的一门课。
下面是店铺带来的综合英语4第五单元文章翻译，欢迎阅读!综合英语4第五单元文章翻译篇一|声誉| 梅尔文·霍华兹1声誉极像一个追逐自己尾巴的动物，抓住了以后除继续穷追不舍外，再也不知道还能做什么。
声誉以及随之而来的名气迫使名人陷入穷途末路。
真有点讽刺意味，不是吗?2名人有名多因有一技之长，如唱歌、跳舞、绘画、写作等等。
成功的表演者展示出一种风格，获得声誉。
而且这种声誉常常使这位表演者确信，必须把这种风格发扬光大，因为这就是大众所需要和喜爱的。
可是随着时间的推移，如果歌手年复一年地用老调唱老歌，画师画千篇一律的风景或画像，演员反复饰演同一角色，他们势必都会感到厌烦。
由于公众的要求，艺人竟变成了自己功名的奴隶。
倘若他或她想改变笔调、舞步、唱腔的话，大众就会弃他而去，转而把那飘忽不定的声誉赐予他人，一段时间后再转给他人，这样不停地转下去。
3一个人有了名誉，就有了名气，就能赢得忠实的追捧者的高度关注，在任何领域都是这样。
一个表演者很容易相信，自己的成就当真和新闻报道的一样大。
可是大多数人、大多数艺人并没有得到美誉和财富。
那些失败的表演者又如何呢?其他任何一个失败者又会如何呢?奇怪的是，对许多人而言，失败往往就是对失败的回报!有些人对你表示怜悯，他们庆幸自己不是你。
你的亲朋好友也会降低对你的期望，使你不必去和那些比你有天赋并获得成功的人较量。
他们会找出种种借口来解释你不能功成名就的原因：你太敏感了呀;你对金钱没有兴趣呀;你对声誉所能带来的权利不感兴趣呀;因为声望要使你丧失隐私，所以你不感兴趣呀;等等。
所有这些都是借口，但对失败者或假装不在意自己失败的人来说，却是安慰。
4历史充分证明，有些人在一生的某个时刻遭遇失败，的确能激发他们更加努力地追求成功，继续对自己充满信心。
美国小说家托马斯·沃尔夫的第一部小说《安琪儿，往家里看吧!》被退稿39次才得以出版，才使他开始了他的写作生涯并赢得了声誉。
全新版大学英语综合教程4Unit5课后答案
全新版大学英语综合教程4Unit5课后答案全新版大学英语综合教程4，在内容设计上每单元围绕一个反映当代生活实际的.主题展开，第五单元的主题是Never Judge by Appearance，下面是店铺整理的课后答案，欢迎阅读!Unit 5VocabularyI1) In a way 2) in accordance with 3) vacancy4) in good condition5) transparent 6) rub7) spicy 8) hitherto9) with (a)bad grace10) instinct 11) pawned 12) current2.1) turned up 2) will stick to 3) brought back4)go about5) driving at 6) put away7) turning over 8) took abackComprehensive exercisesCloze1.1). insane 2)current 3). candid 4). capable 5). was taken aback6). in good condition 7). constitution 8). go all to pieces9). Gone broke 10). vacancy 11). mild 12). deceptiveTranslation2.For my own part, I find that appearances are all too often deceptive. For instance, you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people like Edward Hyde Burton. In appearance, he seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes, gentle and candid. Nevertheless, he turned out to be very cruel. He insulted andfooled Lenny who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture. What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to Lenny’s death. Without doubt, Burton was a man with a heart of stone.。
全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程四unit5afriendinneed参考译文
全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程_第四册_Unit 5 Never Judge by Appearances——A Friendin NeedA Friend in Need（by Somerset Maugham）For thirty years now I have been studying my fellowmen. I do not know very much about them. I shrug my shoulders when people tell me that their first impressions of a person are always right. I think they must have small insight or great vanity. For my own part I find that the longer I know people the more they puzzle me.我阅人至今已经有三十年之久。
我不大了解他们。
人家对我说他们对一个人的初次印象一准不会错的时候，我耸耸肩。
我认为他们必然眼力颇浅，或者自负过高。
就我来说，我发现自己认得越久的人，他们越使我迷惑不解。
//我最老的朋友们，恰恰是我可以说一点也不了解的人。
These reflections have occurred to me because I read in this morning's paper that Edward Hyde Burton had died at Kobe. He was a merchant and he had been in business in Japan for many years. I knew him very little, but he interested me because once he gave me a great surprise. Unless I had heard the story from his own lips, I should never have believed that he was capable of such an action. It was more startling because both in appearance and manner he suggested a very definite type. Here if ever was a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow, not much more than five feet four in height, and very slender, with white hair, a red face much wrinkled, and blue eyes. I suppose he was about sixty when I knew him. He was always neatly and quietly dressed in accordance with his age and station.我产生这些想法是因为看到今天早晨报纸上登载爱德华·海德·勃吞在神户逝世的消息。
新世纪大学英语综合教程4第四册unit5 Fame and Success(课堂PPT)
4
Fame is but a vapor, and the only thing that endures is one’s character or virtue • Fame can assure one of a high social status, high regard, great admiration, etc. Fame can also bring one wealth as a celebrity has more chances to earn big money. Besides, the applauses and flowers from the fans may boost one’s self-confidence and increase one’s sense of fulfillment.
Success is, waking up in the morning, so excited about what you have to do,
that you literally fly out the door. It's getting to work with people you love. Success is connecting with the world and making people feel.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
2) to gain the admiration and love of many others;
3) to be the one everyone talks about;
4) to show family and friends you are more than they
thought you were.
全新版大学英语4综合教程Unit5课件
How to read fiction
3. CHARACTERS
The persons who initiate or go through the events of the plot. Their qualities emerge and your understanding of them develops as the story progresses.
How to read fiction
Short Stories
Characteristics
Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing personal experiences and prior knowledge to the story.
Short Stories
Characteristics
How to read fiction
Short — Can usually be read in one sitting. Concise — Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told. This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot. Usually tries to leave behind a single impression or effect. That means the story is, though not always, built around one character, place, idea, or act.
全新版大学英语综合教程第四册课件 Unit5
While-reading activities
Part I
1. Language study 2. Ask questions to check their understanding of the text.
Part II
1. Language study 2. Ask questions to check their understanding of the text.
Language Study
with (a) bad / good grace:
unwillingly and rudely/ willingly and happily <Examples>
1. After I talked to him for an hour, he admitted his mistake with bad grace. 2. My mentor accepted my invitation to dinner with good grace.
1. What was Edward Burton by profession? How did he look? 2. What struck the narrator most about Edward Burton? How does the narrator describe this obvious side to Burton’s character?
Language Study
wrinkle:
tighten the skin of the face into lines or folds.
<Examples>
1. The woman was forty, but looked fifty. Her cheeks were sunken and her skin was wrinkled and yellow. 2. The skin on her cheeks and around her eyes was beginning to wrinkle.
大学英语综合教程4unit5课件
His voice was gentle; you could not imagine that he could possibly raise it in anger; his smile was benign. Here was a man who attracted you because you felt in him a real love for his fellows. At the same time he liked his game of cards and his cocktail, he could tell with point a good and spicy story, and in his youth he had been something of an athlete. He was a rich man and he had made every penny himself. I suppose one thing that made you like him was that he was so small and frail; he aroused your instincts of protection. You felt that he could not bear to hurt a fly.
• Popular feeling is separated by a belly
• 人心隔肚皮 • a well-dressed man of beastly
temper • 衣冠禽兽
Edward was not “a friend in need”, but a cold, calculating and inhuman person. He had no compassion for people in distress. On the contrary, he gloated over the misfortune of his namesake, and simply took advantage of Lenny’s desperate situation. The title “A Friend in Need” is thus heavily ironic.
新标准大学英语综合教程4教师用书unit5课文翻译
新标准大学英语综合教程4教师用书unit5课文翻译Unit5Translation of the passagesActive reading (1)英国人说闲话规则的性别差异与普遍的看法相反，研究人员发现：男人和女人一样爱说闲话。
英国的一项研究发现：两个性别的人对诸如人际关系这类的社会话题所花的时间一样多，大约是65%；另一项研究则表明：两性差异很小，男人谈话时有55% 的时间在说闲话，女人说闲话的时间是67%。
由于体育和休闲大约占10% 的说话时间，所以很可能是谈论足球的时间导致了这种性别的差异。
男人谈论政治、职业、艺术及文化事务等‚重要‛或‚高雅‛话题的可能性并不比女人高，除非女人在场（这就形成了强烈的对比）。
女人不在场的时候，男人也说闲话，他们谈论职业和政治等社会问题的时间不会超过5%。
男女都在场时，为了引起女人的注意，男人谈论‚高雅‛话题的时间会大大增加，达到15% 至20%。
事实上，最近的研究表明，男性和女性说闲话在内容上只存在一个重要的差别：男人会花更多的时间谈论自己。
在谈论社会关系的总时间中，男人用了三分之二的时间来谈论自己的关系，而女人谈论自己的时间则只占三分之一。
即便如此，那个关于男人讨论‚解决世界上问题‛而女人只是躲在厨房里闲言碎语的神话仍然大行其道，尤其是在男人堆里。
在我所调查的人群及面谈中，大多数英国男性刚开始时都声称他们不说闲话，而大多数女性都坦承自己说闲话。
在接下来的提问中，我发现两者的差别只在于语义层面而非实践层面：女性通常称为‚说闲话‛的活动在男性那里被定义为‚信息交流‛。
显然，在英国男性眼里说闲话是一件可耻的事情，这条不成文的规则已经深入人心，因此就算一个人真的在说闲话，他也会把它说成是另一回事。
更重要的是，它必须听起来像是在说别的事。
在研究中我发现男女说闲话的主要区别在于女人说闲话听起来更像闲言碎语。
这涉及到三个主要因素——音调规则、细节规则和反馈规则。
语调规则我面谈过的英国女人都认为只有某种特别的语调适合于说闲话。
新标准大学英语综合教程4Unit5Gossip
新标准大学英语综合教程4Unit5GossipSex differences in English gossip rules1 Contrary to popular belief, researchers have found that men gossip just as much as women. In one English study, both sexes devoted the same amount of conversation time (about 65 per cent) to social topics such as personal relationships; in another, the difference was found to be quite small, with gossip accounting for 55 per cent of male conversation time and 67 per cent of female time. As sport and leisure have been shown to occupy about ten per cent of conversation time, discussion of football could well account for the difference.2 Men were certainly found to be no more likely than women to discuss “important” or “highbrow” subjects such as politics, work, art and cultural matters – except (and this was a striking difference) when women were present. On their own, men gossip, with no more than five per cent of conversation time devoted to non-social subjects such as work or politics. It is only in mixed-sex groups, where there are women to impress, that the proportion of male conversation time devoted to these more “highbrow” subjects increases dramatically, to between 15 and 20 per cent.3 In fact, recent research has revealed only one significant difference, in terms of content, between male and female gossip: Men spend much more time talking about themselves. Of the total time devoted to conversation about social relationships, men spend two thirds talking about their own relationships, while women only talk about themselves one third of the time.4 Despite these findings, the myth is still widely believed, particularly among males, that men spend their conversations“solving the world’s problems”, while the womenfolk gossip in the kitchen. In my focus groups and interviews, most English males initially claimed that they did not gossip, while most of the females readily admitted that they did. On further questioning, however, the difference turned out to be more a matter of semantics than practice: What the women were happy to call “gossip”, the me n defined as “exchanging information”.5 Clearly, there is a stigma attached to gossip among English males, an unwritten rule to the effect that, even if what one is doing is gossiping, it should be called something else. Perhaps even more important: It should sound like something else. In my gossip research, I found that the main difference between male and female gossip is that female gossip actually sounds like gossip. There seem to be three principal factors involved: the tone rule, the detail rule and the feedback rule.The tone rule6 The Englishwomen I interviewed all agreed that a particular tone of voice was considered appropriate for gossip. The gossip-tone should be high and quick, or sometimes a stage whisper, but always highly animated. “Gossip’s gotto start with something like [quick, high-pitched, excited tone] ‘Oooh –Guess what? Guess what?’” explained one woman, “or ‘Hey, listen, listen [quick, urgent stage whi sper] –you know what I heard?’” Another told me: “You have to make it so und surprising or scandalous, even when it isn’t really. You’ll go, ‘Well, don’t tell anyone, but …’ even when it’s not really that big of a secret.”7 Many of the women complained that men failed to adopt the correct tone of voice, recounting items of gossip in the same flat, unemotional manner as any other piece of information, suchthat, as one woman sniffed, “You can’t even tell it’s gossip.” Which, of course, is exactly the impression the males wish to give.The detail rule8 Females also stressed the importance of detail in the telling of gossip, and again bemoaned the shortcomings of males in this matter, claiming that men “never know the details”. “Men just don’t do the he-said-she-said thing,” one informant told me, “and it’s no good unless you actually know what people said.” Another said: “Women tend to speculate more … They’ll talk about why someone did something, give a history to the situation.” For women, this detailed spe culation about possible motives and causes, requiring an exhaustive raking over “history”, is a crucial element of gossip, as is detailed speculation about possible outcomes. English males find all this detail boring, irrelevant and, of course, unmanly.The feedback rule9 Among Englishwomen, it is understood that to be a “good gossip” requires more than a lively tone and attention to detail: You also need a good audience, by which they mean appreciative listeners who give plenty of appropriate feedback. The feedback rule of female gossip requires that listeners be at least as animated and enthusiastic as speakers. The reasoning seems to be that this is only polite; the speaker has gone to the trouble of making the information sound surprising and scandalous, so the least one can do is to reciprocate by sounding suitably shocked. Englishmen, according to my female informant, just don’t seem to have grasped this rule. They do not understand that “You are supposed to say ‘NO! Really?’ and ‘Oh my GOD!’”10 My female informants agreed, however, that a man who did respond in the approved female manner would soundinappropriately girly, or even disturbingly effeminate. Even the gay males I interviewed felt that the “NO! Really?” kind of response would be regarded as decidedly “camp”. The unwritten rules of English gossip etiquette do allow men to express shock or surprise when they hear a particularly juicy bit of gossip, but it is understood that a suitable expletive conveys such surprise in a more acceptably masculine fashion.。
综合英语 第四册unit5
1.cosmic:●very greatThis earthquake was a disaster of cosmic scale.a scandal of cosmic proportions●relating to the universeSome people believe that what happens in their lives is influenced by cosmicforces.●cosmically adverb2.affecting: producing strong emotions (of sadness, pity, etc)a deeply affecting story●affect verbWe were all deeply affected by her death.3.pan across: if a film or television camera pans in a particular direction, it movesin that direction and follows the thing that is being filmedThe camera panned slowly across the crowd.4.tapestry:● a large piece of heavy cloth on which colored threads are woven to produce apicture, pattern etc:a colorful tapestry depicting a hunting scene●something that is made up of many different people and thingsThis was all new to her - part of life's rich tapestry.5.fragility n.●fragile adj.fragile bonesfragile vasefragile economyfragile healthfragile beautyRelations between the two countries are in a fragile state.6.resiliency n. = resilience: the ability to become strong, happy, or successful againafter a difficult situation or eventthe resilience of youthPeople showed remarkable resilience during the war.●resilient adj.Children are often very resilient.The company proved remarkably resilient during the recession.●resiliently adverb7.connecting tissue = connective tissue: parts of the body such as muscle or fat thatexist between or join organs and other body partslung/brain etc tissue8.drasticallyThe size of the army was drastically cut.●drastic adj.drastic action/measuresdrastic cuts in government spendingDrastic changes are needed if environmental catastrophe is to be avoided.9.shift focusIf it's fear of failure, maybe you need to shift your focus.They should shift focus to boost sales volume.10.trendiness●trendy adj. influenced by the most fashionable styles and ideasa trendy Bay Area restaurant11.for onceFor once, nobody could accuse them of lacking ambition.For once in her life, she was too slow.I wish for once in my life to visit Paris.12.celluloidChaplin's comic genius is preserved on celluloid.13.sidekick: someone who spends time with or helps another person, especiallywhen that other person is more important than they areBatman and his young sidekick Robin.Mark has been Luke's sidekick since junior high schoolHe became my occasional sidekick and I began to call him the wonder boy.In the old cowboy movies I used to see as a boy, all the heroes had a sidekick. 14.atavistic: atavistic feelings are very basic human feelings that people have feltsince humans have existedCertain atavistic Westerners have promulgated the theory that Chinese women liked their modest position in society.What Debbie enjoyed to the point of obsession was a video of the Amazonian rainforest. It seemed to stir an atavistic chord in her stout breast.15.attachment: a feeling that you like or love someone or something and that youwould be unhappy without thema child's attachment to its motherold people's attachment to traditional customs16.cull from: to find or choose information from many different placesHere are a few facts and figures I’ve culled from the week’s papers.It’s a collection of fascinating stories culled from a lifetime of experience.The data had been culled from a variety of sources.17.pop anthropology 通俗人类学（made popular on television or in books, but arenot considered scientific）●anthropologist noun●anthropological adjective18.male/female bonding: the activity of doing things with other people of the samesex, so that you feel good about being a man or a womanThey're in the bar again doing some male bonding!19.portrayRomantic artists portrayed nature as wild and powerful.The President likes to portray himself as a friend of working people.She portrays a dancer in the hit film.20.inherit●receive (money, a house etc.) from someone after they have diedAll her children will inherit equally.When I took on the job of manager, I inherited certain financial problems.●Be born with (a physical or mental quality that a person, grandparent or otherrelative has)Rosie inherited her red hair from her mother.The child has an inherited disease which attacks the immune system.21.primal: primal feelings or actions seem to belong to a part of people's characterthat is ancient and animal-like:a primal fear of the unknown22.in contrastThe stock lost 60 cents a share, in contrast to last year, when it gained 21 cents.The spirited mood on Friday was in sharp contrast to the tense atmosphere last week.The approach to learning at this school stands in marked contrast to the traditional methods used at other schools nearby.23.pick on●to behave in an unfair way to someone, for example by blaming them orcriticizing them unfairlyWhy don't you pick on someone else for a change?●to choose a particular person or thingJust pick on one job and try to get that finished.24.duality●dual adj.The bridge has a dual role, carrying both road and rail.a dual system of educationShe has dual nationality, of Canada and Britain25.mortally●in a way that will cause death [= fatally]He regarded the mortally wounded man with no pity in his heart.●extremely or greatlyHe was mortally afraid of upsetting her.I tried to be tactful, but he seemed to be mortally offended.26.border on: to be very close to being something extremeHis confidence bordered on arrogance.27.adversity: a situation in which you have a lot of problems that seem to be causedby bad luckhis courage in the face of adversity●adverse adj.They fear it could have an adverse effect on global financial markets.Miller's campaign has received a good deal of adverse publicity.The expedition was abandoned because of adverse weather conditions.●adversely adverbdevelopments which had adversely affected their business28.palpably: completelyThis was palpably untrue.●palpable adj.There was a palpable sense of relief among the crowd.What he said is palpable nonsense.29.soldier: to continue working in spite of difficultiesWe'll just have to soldier on without him.30.count asLocally produced sales by American firms in Japan do not count as exports.Today's session is counted as training, so you will get paid.I count myself fortunate to have had such a good education.I think we can count this meeting a great success.I didn’t think his grudging remarks really counted as an apology.I hope you won’t count it against me if I don’t come to your birthday party.31.loathsome:very unpleasant or cruel [= repulsive]that loathsome little man●loathe v.He loathes their politics.I absolutely loathe shopping.●loathing n.her loathing for her first husbanda loathing of war32.confidence: a secret or a piece of information that is private or personalThey spent their evenings drinking wine and sharing confidences.I have never betrayed a confidence.33.hang tough = hang (on) in there: to remain brave and determined when you are ina difficult situationDon't worry. Just hang tough / hang on in there.34.hang ontoDo you hang onto the past, or worry too much about the future?Hang onto this essential checklist, so you'll know what to do when the time comes.35.show off●to try to make people admire your abilities, achievements, or possessions -used to show disapprovalHe couldn't resist showing off on the tennis court.●to show something to a lot of people because you are very proud of ita picture of the restaurant's owners showing off their award●if one thing shows off something else, it makes the other thing lookespecially attractiveThe white dress showed off her dark skin beautifully.36.wretchedShe had had a wretched life as a child.There can be few experiences as wretched as moving house.37.chicken: not brave enough to do something [= cowardly]Dave's too chicken to ask her out.38.restraintThe police were praised for their restraint in handling the demonstrators.He urged the millions of protesters to exercise restraint.Opposition politicians have called for restraints on public spending.The government has imposed restraints on corporate mergers.39.grievance: a belief that you have been treated unfairly, or an unfair situation orevent that affects and upsets youanyone who has a legitimate grievance against the companya means of overcoming genuine grievancesThere must be an opportunity for both sides to air their grievances.The teachers' contract established a grievance procedure.the sense of grievance which characterized him as a young man40.claustrophobicI get claustrophobic in elevators.a claustrophobic atmosphere●claustrophobia n.: a strong fear of being in a small enclosed space or in asituation that limits what you can do●agoraphobia41.make a difference: to have an important effect or influence on somethingor someone:Whatever she did, it made no difference.●make a/the difference toOne more person wouldn't make any difference to the arrangements.●make a/the difference betweenIt could make the difference between missing your train and getting to workon time.Having a good teacher has made all the difference for Alex (=had animportant influence).●it makes no difference to somebodyMorning or afternoon. It makes no difference to me.42.chum43.intimacythe intimacy of marriagea close sense of intimacy between parent and childShe thought back over the intimacies they'd shared and the plans they'd made.the cosy intimacy of the café (a situation in which you feel you are in private with someone)。
外研社,新编大学英语综合教程4,Unit5 Athletes,Quiz答案
外研社，新编大学英语综合教程4Unit5 AthletesQuiz1. Choose the most appropriate word or phrase to complete each of the following sentences.1. The actress became popular through the _________ she received in the newspapers, andtelevision, etc.A. advertisementB. publicityC. publicationD. information2. She even _____________ the ground he walks on.A. respectsB. ignoresC. worshipsD. blesses3. A lot of people __________ you, so don't let them down.A. look down uponB. look overC. look up toD. look on4. One woman sat down, and soon others _______________.A. followed her leadB. took the leadC. gave a leadD. were in the lead5. The scientist was rewarded by the Government for his scientific _____________.A. requirementB. progressC. achievementD. advance6. His assistant actually made the discovery, but he received all the _____________.A. gloryB. graceC. celebrationD. opinion7. The ability to use a language can be _____________ only by the act of using the language.A. approachedB. acquiredC. overcomeD. conquered8. _____________ is the basis for music and dance.A. RiddleB. RibbonC. RhythmD. Remedy9. The children went to the zoo and saw elephants, tigers, lions, and __________.A. the likeB. the kindC. the sameD. the other10. He scored the most fantastic goal I have ever ___________.A. worshipedB. investigatedC. wantedD. witnessed11. How can they remain _____________ when children are suffering?A. unrelatedB. intolerantC. isolatedD. indifferent12. It must be rewarding to be ___________ by so many people.A. measured up toB. looked up toC. gone forD. signed up13. His behavior merely ___________ my dislike of him.A. reinforcedB. enforcedC. engagedD. enclosed14. ___________ fabrics usually don't wrinkle as much as cotton.A. SympatheticB. SymbolicC. SystematicD. Synthetic15. Anne _____________ me when she told me I had done a good job.A. worshipedB. handledC. flatteredD. accomplished2. Complete the following sentences with an appropriate form of the words in the brackets.16.How will such a small firm survive in theYour answer Correct answercompetitive competitive17.Your answer Correct answerperfection perfection18.These shoes are uncomfortable because the soles have noYour answer Correct answerflexibility flexibility19.Your answer Correct answertalented talented20.The(accelerate)Your answer Correct answeracceleration acceleration21.(annoy)Your answer Correct answerannoying annoying22.Your answer Correct answerobedient obedient23.Your answer Correct answermuddy muddy24. The whole idea behind the show is that it's meant to encourage the audience'sYour answer Correct answerparticipation participation25.Your answer Correct answercourageous courageous26.travel to work. (technology)Your answer Correct answerTechnological Technological27.TheYour answer Correct answerscary scary3. Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate form of the word in the brackets.28.Your answer Correct answermaking making29.Your answer Correct answertalking talking30.have been left with a stunted ethical sense.Your answer Correct answerGiven Given31. Professor Sharon Stoll has tested more than 10,000 student athletes from all over the country,Your answer Correct answerranging ranging32.I feel sympathy and admiration for most of the young athletesbalance the task of getting an education with the need to devote most of their energies to the excessive demands of the gym and the field.Your answer Correct answerstruggling struggling33.They can't helpYour answer Correct answerbeing impressed being impressed34.Your answer Correct answerfilled filled35.settle for much less education than they deserve.Your answer Correct answercompromise compromise36.Mary will have the laundryYour answer Correct answerwashed washed37.Your answer Correct answerdrinking drinking38.Your answer Correct answerreturning returning39.Your answer Correct answerbeing bossy being bossy40.Your answer Correct answerto fall to fall41.Your answer Correct answerputting putting。
商务英语综合教程Book4 Unit5
Warm-up
Background
Detailed Reading
TEXT I
Hale Waihona Puke The Renaissance ―...went from Columbus to Copernicus, from Copernicus to Galileo, from the discovery of the earth to that of the heavens. Man re-found himself‖, according to Michelet. For him the voyages of Columbus in the 15th century, and the scientific achievements of Copernicus and Galileo in the 16th, defined a decisive shift from the narrow, religious world of the Middle Ages, and anticipated the modern world of science, technology and rationalism.
Warm-up
Background
Detailed Reading
TEXT I
The Myth of the Renaissance in Europe
Jeremy Brotton The idea that man simply “re-found” himself during the European Renaissance ignores something quite fundamental. Jeremy Brotton argues that important developments in trade and science, as well as contact with far-flung empires, were the real causes of this seismic cultural shift.
新世纪大学英语综合教程第四册讲义Unit5
第一讲U nit 5 Lifestyle (Listen and Talk)(讲义)一、教学目的1. Enable students to talk about a healthy lifestyle and an unhealthy lifestyle.2. Enable students to understand the definition of shopaholic, and how to cure shopaholic.3. Enable students to make a comparison between a luxurious life and a simple life.4. Enable students to know the true meaning of a simple life, the importance of living a simple life and how to live a simple life.2学时二、教学时数三、教学方法: Discussion四、教学重点：To understand the definitions of different lifestyles.五、教学难点: Learn how to make a comparison.）六、教学内容（详细具体StepI Discussion▇Work in pairs or groups and discuss the following questions.1. What kind of lifestyle do you live now?2. Do you believe in the saying “a penny saved is a penny earned”?3. What are some of the things that come to your mind when we talk about healthy lifestyles?Make a list of healthy lifestyles and share your answers with your group members.Healthy Lifestylesa. balancing study and playb. doing physical exercise every dayc.d.⋯▇Answers for reference:1. A sample answer:As a university student, I live a simple and plain life. I get up early in the morning and thenattend classes. In the late afternoon I play basketball or football. If I do not have classes during the day, I usually go to the library to do some reading or go to the computer center to search for some information related to my studies. In the evening I review or preview my lessons either in the classroom or in the dormitory. During weekends I sometimes go shopping or go to a movie with my classmates.2. A possible answer:Yes. This saying tells us that saving money is as good as earning it. Saving is not only a good habit but also an important step on the way to financial well-being, both in the short term and in the long run. In the short term, it gives us an emergency cushion in the event that an unforeseen, large and urgent expense arises. In the long term, a consistent pattern of savingcan enable us to accomplish our financial goals, such as financing a college education, a home purchase, or a retirement. So we should be thrifty and don’s tpend money on things we don’r e t ally need.5. A sample answer:Healthy Lifestylesa. balancing study and playb. doing physical exercise every dayc. drinking at least 2 litres of water every dayd. sleeping at least 7 hours a daye. having at least an apple a dayf. seeking professional help if you feel depressed or anxiousStep II Quotes▇Study the following quotes about lifestylesand discussin pairs what you can learn from them.Jack Kerouac⊙Great things are not accomplished by those who yield to trends and fads and popular opinion.—Jack KerouacInterpretation:Trends and fads come and go quickly, and popular opinions of the day may not represent ever-lasting truth. Those who wish to accomplish something extraordinary must not be slavish to trends and fads or popular beliefs. Instead, they should break away from the “f ollowing the herd ”mentality and be extraordinarily innovative.About Jack Kerouac (1922-1969): a US writer who was a leading figure of the1950s Beat Generation. His most famous novel is On the Road 《( 在路上》) , which describes the adventures of two friends as they travel across the United States.Margaret Mead⊙We are living beyond our means. As a people we have developed a lifestyle that is draining theearth of its priceless and irreplaceable resources without regard for the future of our children and people all around the world.—Margaret MeadInterpretation:In this quote, Margaret Mead rightly points out that the American way of life has given rise to a wasteful society and that it is doing a lot of harm to the earth and hence to mankind as a whole. Ifwe do not make changes in our lifestyles today, our children are doomed to suffer from lack of irreplaceable resources in the future.About Margaret Mead (1901-1978): a US anthropologist, who studied the ways in which parentson the islands of Samoa, Bali, and New Guineas taught their children. She also tried to discover whether males and females are born with the differences in behaviour that they show, or whether they lean to behave differently as they grow up in a particular society.Charlie Chaplin⊙The saddest thing I can imagine is to get used to luxury.—Charlie ChaplinInterpretation:In this quote, Chaplin points out the danger of seeking luxuries. Luxuries are not necessities. Many people work hard to seek luxuries in life —they purchase luxury goods and services and always long for possessions that they do not necessarily need. In doing so, they have gradually become slaves to those luxuries. They may feel “a bundance”for a while but they can never enjoy ever-lasting happiness, and their souls can never be uplifted. Moreover, those who are used to luxuries may live beyond their means and get into debt, and debt robs a man of his self-respect. Indeed, it is sad to see a person indulge in luxuries and possessions.About Charlie Chaplin (1889-1977): a British actor and director who worked mainly in the USin humorous silent films during the 1920s. He usually appeared as a humorous character who hada small moustache, a bowler hat, and a walking stick, and who walked in a funny way with thebacks of his feet together and his toes pointing out to the sides.Samuel Johnson⊙Without frugality none can be rich, and with it very few would be poor.—Samuel JohnsonInterpretation:Here Samuel Johnson advises us to be thrifty or economical with the use of our resources.Frugality is a virtue while extravagance is a sin. One can never become rich if one lives aspendthrift lifestyle, but anyone can feel that he is rich enough if he or she carefully manages hisor her money and other resources.About Samuel Johnson (1709-1784): a British critic and dictionary writer. He is famous for hisDictionary of the English Language (1755), the first comprehensive dictionary of the Englishlanguage ever published. He was considered an excellent conversationalist ( 善于辞令的人). Hisintelligent, amusing, and interesting words are still widely quoted today.Step III Watching and DiscussionConfessions of a Shopaholic is a 2009 American romantic comedy film based on the Shopaholicseries of novels by Sophie Kinsella.Watch the following video clip Confessio“n s of a Shopaholic ” and do the tasks that follow:：“C onfessions of a Shopaholic.wmv ”插入视频片段6.What makes shopping a beautiful experience, according to Rebecca?the sheen of silk draped across a mannequin;.the smell of new Italian leather shoes;the rush you feel when you swipe your card. And it ’s approved. And it all belongs to you;the joy you feel when you ’ve bought something, and it ’s just you and the shopping7.What do you think of shopaholics? (Open.)Script：Confessions of a Shopaholic- Keep comin’back, OK? Give him some support. Keep comin ’back.- Which store?- Rebecca, why don ’t you share your story.- Um ... Hello, everybody. Uh, I ’m Rebecca Bloomwood.- Hi, Rebecca.- I just actually came here as a favor to a friend. Uh, I mean, I like shopping. Is there anything so wrong with that? I mean, stores are put there to enjoy. Uh, the experience is enjoyable.Well, more than enjoyable. It ’s ... It ’s beautiful. The sheen of silk draped across a mannequin.Oh, the smell of new Italian leather shoes.- Italian leather shoes, that ’s the best.- Oh ... The rush you feel when you swipe your card. And it ’s approved. And it all belongs to you!- OK, Rebecca. Thank you for sharing.- The joy you feel when you ’ve bought something, and i u t st yo’u a s n j d the shopping.- You and shopping.- Ryuichi!- All you have to do is hand over a little card.- Yes!- Pull it together!- Isn ’t that the best feeling in the world?- Yeah.- Don’t you wanna shout it from the mountaintops?- That’s real talk.- And you feel so ... confident and alive ...- And happy?- And happy!- And warm.- And warm!- What’s going on here?- I need to buy a new bag. I have to impress Alette Naylor.- You should get a watch to go with that bag.- Oh, there ’s a sale at Catherine Malandrino.- You’re like my soul sister.- Don’t let her ...- I have to go. Good luck, everybody.- Do they have shoes?- You sit down.- My will is strong. My wallet is closed. I do not want to shop.Step IV Listen and RespondSection A Word Bankfrugal a. not wasteful; careful in the use of money, food, etc. 不浪费的；（对金钱、食物等）节俭（节约）的lifestyle n. a way of living 生活方式deny vt. refuse to let oneself have sth. that one would like to have, esp. for moral or religious reasons 自制，克制，放弃（尤指出于道德或宗教原因）keep up with the Joneses derog. compete with one’s neighbours socially, esp. by buying the same expensive new things that they buy 〖贬〗与邻居比阔气（尤指比买贵重物品）trend n. a fashion or style; a general tendency or direction in the way a situation is changing or developing 时尚，时髦；倾向，趋势fad n. an interest or activity that is followed very keenly but usually only for a short time 流行一时的嗜好、风尚或狂热live within one ’s me n a o n t s spend more money than one has 量入为出Section B Task One: Focusing on the Main Ideas▇Choose the best answer to each of the following questionsaccording to the informationcontained in the listening passage.8. What is the main idea of the passage?A) Living a fashionable life.B) Living an extravagant life.C) Living a frugal life.D) Living a free life.9. What will people have if they take control of their lives?A) They will have a stressful life style.B) They will have more money in their daily life.C) They will enjoy a lot of luxuries.D) They will have more peace of mind.10. What kind of life will people live if they choose to live a frugal life?A) They will live a fulfilling life without possessing much.B) They will live a simple and peaceful life.C) They will have little money and live in debt.D) They will have nothing and live poor and cheap.11. Which of the following is not an example of being frugal according to the speaker?A) Turning off the tap water immediately after use.B) Keeping all windows closed when the air conditioning is on.C) Taking one’s own plastic bags when going shopping.D) Switching off the lights before leaving the room.12. What does the speaker strongly advise us to do?A) To keep up with trends and fads.B) Do not follow trends and fads.C) To deny ourselves “f rugal freedom ”.D) To have a great way of life.▇Key:1 C2 D3 A4 C5 BSection C Task Two: Zooming In on the DetailsListen to the passage again and fill in the missing words according to what you have heard.Living a frugal life does not mean having nothing or living poor and cheap. Neither does it mean denying oneself the 1 ________ of life. A frugal lifestyle simply means that you have the2________ to live a happy and fulfilling life without possessing a lot. Much of the 3 ________from being extravagant to being 4________ is within the mind. For example, before you leave your room, remember to turn off the light; keep all windows and outside doors closed when the air 5 ________ is on; turn off the 6________ water immediately after use; when you go shopping, use your 7 ________ to save money on certain things for something else you need or want. In short, living a frugal 8 ________ means that you don ’t have to “keep up with the Joneses. ”We should always remember that it is easier to spend less than it is to make more. It is easier to be frugal than to free oneself from 9 ________ stress. So, let us be frugal and live within our 10________. It is a great way of life.▇Answers for reference:Living a frugal life does not mean having nothing or living poor and cheap. Neither does itmean denying oneself the luxuries of life. A frugal lifestyle simply means that you have the intelligence to live a happy and fulfilling life without possessing a lot. Much of the transitionfrom being extravagant to being frugal is within the mind. For example, before you leave yourroom, remember to turn off the light; keep all windows and outside doors closed when the air conditioning is on; turn off the tap water immediately after use; when you go shopping, use yourbrain to save money on certain things for something else you need or want. In short, living afrugal lifestyle means that you don ’t have to “keep up with the Joneses. ”We should always remember that it is easier to spend less than it is to make more. It is easierto be frugal than to free oneself from financial stress. So, let us be frugal and live within ourmeans. It is a great way of life.Script:Living a Frugal LifePeople who live a frugal lifestyle often live with less stress. This is because they know howto take control of their money and, therefore, they have more control over their lives in general.And if you have more control of your life, you are likely to have more peace of mind. With thatpeace of mind comes what may be called “frugal freedom ”, namely, freedom from debt, freedom from envy, freedom from shame, freedom from worry, and freedom from loss of one ’s identity.Living a frugal life does not mean having nothing or living poor and cheap. Neither does itmean denying oneself the luxuries of life. A frugal lifestyle simply means that you have the intelligence to live a happy and fulfilling life without possessing a lot. Much of the transition frombeing extravagant to being frugal is within the mind. For example, before you leave your room,remember to turn off the light; keep all windows and outside doors closed when the air conditioning is on; turn off the tap water immediately after use; when you go shopping, use yourbrain to save money on certain things for something else you need or want. In short, living a frugallifestyle means that you don’h t ave to “keepup with the Joneses ”a nd that you do not have tofollow trends and fads.We should always remember that it is easier to spend less than it is to make more. It is easierto be frugal than to free oneself from financial stress. So, let us be frugal and live within ourmeans. It is a great way of life.StepV Homework: Preview Text B and recite the new words in Text B.Presentation: How to live a healthy life?七、教学反思Enable students think about the Problems of o Td a y’Csonsumer Economy.Encourage students to live a simple life.第二讲Unit 5 (Read: TextB)(讲义)一、教学目的13. Enable students to learn some new words in this unit.14. Enable students to understand the difficult sentences.15. Enable students to know the true meaning of a simple life, the importance of living a simple life and how to live a simple life.二、教学时数 2 学时三、教学方法: Discussion四、教学重点：Learn the new words and expressions.plain ad. standing a. numerous a. downsize vt.roll vt. fraction n.五、教学难点: The difficult sentences of Text B.）六、教学内容（详细具体Step I. Revision: dictate the new words of Text B.Step II. Learn some new wordsplain ad. infml completely 〖非正式〗完全地e.g. When Stella realized that she was just plain lost in the jungle, she got scared.The food was just plain terrible.standing a. continuing in use or in force; permanent 长期存在的；长期有效的；长期不变的e.g. Every point won by our basketball team received a wild, standing ovation ( 喝彩).Israel has a relatively small standing army and its strength is based on its reserves. numerous a. rather fml many 〖较正式〗许多的，很多的e.g. Numerous books and movies have dealt with the issue of drug abuse.Despite numerous attempts to diet, her weight soared.downsize vt. make (sth.) smaller 将（某物）改小e.g. For the sake of convenience, you ’d better downsize your luggage.American manufacturing organizations have been downsizing their factories.roll vt. form into a tube or other shape by curling round and round 卷；把⋯⋯卷成筒状e.g. There ’s a lot of work to do, so roll up your sleeves and get busy.In mid-afternoon, shopkeepers began to roll down their shutters.fraction n. [( of)] a very small piece or amount [ 常与of 连用]小部分；少量；一点儿e.g. The average income is high, though many people earn just a fraction of that average.She hesitated for a fraction of a second before responding.Expressions:look back eat outcut out write outlook back think of the past 回顾e.g. Reviewing history involves looking back over what happened in a non-judgmental way.Looking back, I am staggered how easily it was all arranged.eat out have a meal in a restaurant 去餐馆吃饭e.g. He proposed to eat out in a luxury restaurant to celebrate the special day.We had to eat out all the time. It ended up costing a fortune.cut out infml leave out; stop (esp. a harmful activity) 〖非正式〗戒除，改掉（坏习惯等），停止e.g. Since my heart attack, I ’ve cut out fatty foods altogether.The doctor said I must cut overwork out.write out fill out or complete (a sheet, check, or similar) in this way 填写（表格、支票等）e.g. Please will you write out the form with your name and address in full.We had to write out a list of ten jobs we ’d like to do.Step III. Skim the text and find out the main ideas of each paragraph.Step IV. Scan the text and detect the detail information of the text.▇Comprehension questions (Paras. 1-2)Q: Why did the author want to change her lifestyle?A: When she was in her early fifties, she got tired of working just for the luxuries of life. She wanted less stress and longed for a simpler lifestyle.Q: What was the first step she took to achieve her goal — a simpler life?A: She quit her job and took a positive attitude towards the subsequent changes in her life.▇Comprehension questions (Paras. 3-5)Q: How did the author prepare herself for the change in her lifestyle?A: She listed on the paper all the changes that should be made, including planning carefully her husband’s income and trying to get additional sources of income.Q: What changes did she make toward her goal of a simpler life?A: She canceled the regular weekly appointment at the beauty salon; she cut down on eating out; she sold her big house and moved into a smaller one; she downsized their possessions through garage and consignment sales.Q: Why did the couple move to a smaller house?A: Their previous house was too big and costly for the two of them, who were both yearning for a simpler lifestyle.▇Comprehension questions (Para. 6)Q: What was the first problem the couple had to face after moving to the new home?A: It took them some time to get used to the smaller home. The husband was not bothered much by its small size, but the wife had difficulty arranging her possessions, which still proved to be too many for her new home.Q: What was the rule she set up for herself when tidying up her new home?A: The rule was that she had to be able to see all three walls of any cupboard or closet to avoid clutter or unnecessary stuff.▇Comprehension questions (Paras. 7-14)Q: Was the author good at managing the family purse in the past?A: No, she did not have a significant savings program in the past, and she might have wasted a lot of the family financial resources on unnecessary stuff.Q: How did she tackle the financial problems of not having enough savings?A: She cut out all the unnecessary spending in her daily life, and she also became very careful in managing money. Below are some examples:●She stripped down her wardrobe to basic clothes (Para. 8).●She cancelled magazine subscriptions or daily newspaper (Para. 9).●She started saving daily change and banking it in the savings account (Para. 10).●She gave up the extra car (Para. 11).●She carried only one credit card (Para. 12) and paid cash for daily expenses (Para. 12).●She planned holiday carefully and spent less money on gifts (Para. 14).Q: Why did she become so frugal with money?A: She wanted to live a simple lifestyle and she didn ’t want tocboempelled to take up a job again. Besides, she had come to know that if she “minded the pennies, the dollars would take care of themselves.”Q: How did they manage to spend only a fraction of their original cost on nice gifts and holidays? A: They didn ’t mean to cut out gifts and holidays. Instead, they made their holiday and purchase plans carefully, and they often looked for the special offers in shops. In this way, they could still enjoy holidays and prepare nice gifts on less money.▇Comprehension questions (Para. 15)Q: What is the couple ’s life like today?A: They are now living a very simple and frugal life, free from stress and anxieties. They enjoytheir new life very much, and feel happier and more secure than ever before.Q: What is the “secret”of their simple yet happy life?A: The “secret”, if there is one, is that they base their life on their “needs”, not on their “wants”, and they know clearly what they need from life.Step V.Paraphrase some difficult sentences.Difficult Sentences16.The most reasonable and surest way to achieve my goal was to just quit the corporate worldfor good, and then deal with the aftermath in a very positive way. (Para. 2)Q: What is the implied meaning of the italicized part of the sentence?A: If I wanted to live a simpler life, it would be best for me first to quit my job, and then to think positively of what was going to happen to my life.Q: Please translate this sentence into Chinese.A: 为了达成目标，最理智而且最有把握的方式就是永久地离开公司圈子，然后能够坦然地处理其后果。
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Bertrand Ruout the author、Andrew Jackson、Dr. Johnson ——Sunny 2、Structural analysis of the text——Lucy 3、Difficult sentences ——Wendy 4、Work and life ——Barbie
Bertrand Russell (1872-1970)伯特兰•罗素 British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, social reformist, and pacifist. Russell has been considered one of the founders of analytic philosophy.
The statement implies that we will lose much freedom if we care too much about material success.
Work and Life ——Barbie
A. the right order of work and life B. You deserve a work that is perfectly suitable for you C. English-related jobs D. Some new jobs that you may be interested in
9.In a life which is to be healthy and happy, impulse, though not allowed to run riot, must have sufficient scope to remain alive and to preserve that diversity of interest which is natural to a human being. If you want your life to be healthy and happy, when you keep impulse under control, you have to give it enough room to make your interest various and diversified so that you can be a natural human being. 10.A life which is all principle is a life on rail.
The purpose
• the author informs us 2 points of seeking happiness. (1)We cannot take delight depending on excelling （超越） others. The happiness of others will not prevent us from feeling happy. (2)We don’t need to confide ourselves into boxes. you should have times to merely enjoy life without a thought of subsequent gain( the results followed).
Well-known saying
• The good life, as I conceive it, is a happy life. I do not mean that if you are good you will be happy - I mean that if you are happy you will be good. • It is a waste of energy to be angry with a man who behaves badly, just as it is to be angry with a car that won't go • Do not fear to be eccentric in opinion, for every opinion now accepted was once eccentric. ——By Bertrand Russell
Andrew Jackson (1765-1845)安德鲁•杰克森 (Paragraph 5) The seventh President of the United State(18291837). Renowned for his toughness, he was nicknamed “Old Hickory”(老山胡桃). His portrait appears on the U.S. twentydollar bill.
• In first part, people didn’t feel happy although they are rich. Life for everyone is a long competition which we failed most of the time. • In second part, the author talked about 2 reasons of the phenomenon. (1) in some organizations, it’s necessary for people’s obedience (2) people act not on what they really want but some false（虚伪的）principles .
Difficult sentences—Wendy
1.Something that might tickle the jaded palate. A strong desire for something that might promote the wearied spirits 2.But if they were to indulge their wishes in these aspects, they fear that they would lose their livelihood. But they are afraid that they couldn’t make a living if they focus their ambitions on these aspects of life. 3.On social occasions when it is de rigueur to seem cheerful, the necessary demeanor is stimulated by alcohol.
The right order
• The right order should be the opposite that is life and work. • I want to say that we are born to be good workers, we are given the most flexible hands, as well as comparatively the biggest brain. We can do a lot of things that are unimaginable to the rest animals, but that doesn’t mean that we are born to be a worker, my answer is we are born to testify the best glory of life itself. Working is only a way to present that, when we put them two in the right order, I think we will not only search for a temporary sense of achievement in our work, and we will not be the next Phil, right?
Dr. Johnson (1709-1784)塞缪尔•约翰逊 （Paragraph 7）
Samuel Johnson (often referred to as Dr. Johnson) was an English author. He was a devout Anglican and political conservative, and has been described as “arguably the most distinguished man of letters in English history”.
Structural analysis of the text —Lucy
• para1-5 :the phenomenon that people in English speaking countries didn’t feel happy • Para 6-12 :the 2 reasons of this phenomenon
6.And so you are condemned to gastric ulcers and premature old age. And you are announced to have gastric ulcers and to come into old age early. 7.Your former friends whom you are learning to cold-shoulder. Cold-shoulder: to treat unsympathetically 8.Your doctrine is one which would uproot all the sources of morality and loosen all the bonds which hold the society together. Your principle is one which would pull all the sources of morality out.