高考英语 二轮复习 第二部分 语篇阅读 第一章 阅读理解
2021届高考英语(新高考)大二轮专题复习讲义 第二部分阅读 专题一 第3讲 主旨大意类
第3讲主旨大意类题型概述题型破解1 寻找主题句确定文章大意解题指导文章由段落组成，段落的中心思想服务于文章的中心思想，因此找到每个段落的主题句，总结概括后便不难得出文章的主旨大意。
一般情况下，段落的主题句通常在该逻辑段落的首尾，但也有些难度较大的试题会隐含在段落之中，此时要理解全文结构，找到支撑性细节内容。
速读文首文尾、段首段尾，搜索主题线索及信息便可快速找到主题句，以下为找到主题句的5个小窍门：1.段落中出现表转折的词语(however, but, in fact, actually, while, on the contrary, in contrast等)时，其后的句子通常为主题句；2.首段出现疑问句时，对该句的回答很可能就是主题句；3.作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词(主旨句通常包含关键词)；4.首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后的内容通常为主题句；5.表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, in short, conclude, conclusion, thus等词。
[典例](2020·全国卷Ⅱ·B篇)Some parents will buy any hightech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with mathrelated skills.Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition (认知)after controlling for differences in parents' income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 childparent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate (旋转)and translate shapes，”Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higherincome parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal De v elopmental Science.27．What is the text mainly about?A．A mathematical method.B．A scientific study.C．A woman psychologist.D．A teaching program.解析B文章的第一段为主题段，表明研究结果，再结合“科学研究”类说明性文章的语言特征，即文中出现的“found” “researcher” “analyse”等词汇，不难判断出本文应为“一项科学研究”，故选B。
新教材适用2024版高考英语二轮总复习第2部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解第4讲题型破解__主旨大意
第4讲题型破解——主旨大意题主旨大意题考查考生对文章内容的深层次理解,它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下,对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象，既考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力,也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。
考点1 标题归纳题辨明题类标题归纳题要求考生在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。
设问形式常有：(1)What is the best title for this passage?(2)What can be a suitable title for the passage/text?(3)Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?(4)The most suitable title of this passage is “”．最佳标题应具备以下三大特征：①概括精准而简洁。
②针对性强，标题外延与文章内容恰好相符。
③醒目，能引发读者阅读欲望。
技法点拨1．一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题。
2．所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。
标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。
为吸引读者的注意，标题往往比较醒目。
真题体验(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷B)Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids．And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools．The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles．Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores．“The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks，” she says．“They come to us thinking vegetables are a wful, dirt is awful, insects are awful．” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new．Urban Sprouts' classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden．Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools．Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes．“We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they're eating differently，” Jaramillo says．She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition．Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens．Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues．“They get outside，” she says, “and they feel successful．”27．What can be a suitable title for the text？A．Rescuing School GardensB．Experiencing Country LifeC．Growing Vegetable LoversD．Changing Local Landscape【解题示范】第一步：阅读文章，概括文章大意：文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo 等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力、环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生通过体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远；第二步：分析各选项，进行斟酌判断，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨：根据第一段“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools．The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles．(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了Urban Sprouts学校花园项目。
新教材适用2024版高考英语二轮总复习第2部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解第4讲题型破解__主旨大意
第二部分专题一第4讲A(2023·河南省焦作市普通高中高三二模)An inability to stand on one leg for 10 seconds in later life is linked to nearly double the risk of death from any cause within the next decade, according to a new study．The simple balance test may be useful to be included in routine physical exams for people in middle and old age, the research, which was published in British Journal of Sports Medicine, suggested．While aging leads to a decline in physical fitness, muscle strength and flexibility, balance tends to be reasonably well-preserved until a person's 50s, when it starts to decline relatively rapidly, the research noted．Previous research has linked the inability to stand on one leg to a greater risk of falls and to cognitive decline．The study involved 1,702 people aged 51 to 75 living in Brazil, who were asked to balance unsupported on one leg during an initial check．Researchers told the participants to place the front of the free foot behind the standing leg, keep their arms by their sides and eyes．Fixed straight ahead．Up to three attempts on either foot were permitted．The study participants had an average age of 61 and two-thirds of them were men．Around 1 in 5 failed to balance on one leg for 10 seconds at the initial checkup．Researchers monitored the participants after the initial checkup for a period of seven years, during which 7% of the people died．The proportion(比例) of deaths among those who failed the test (17．5%) was significantly higher than deaths among those who were able to balance for 10 seconds(4．5%)．The research was observational and didn't reveal cause and effect．The study didn't look at any possible biological mechanisms that might explain the link between poor balance and longevity．The study noted that, overall, those who failed the test were in poorer health, with greater proportion of suffering from obesity, heart disease and high blood pressure．Diabetes was also more common among those who failed to complete the test．1．What did the participants take during the research？A．Vision examinations．B．Medical examinations．C．Flexibility tests．D．Balance tests．2．How did the researchers get the findings？A．By calculating the participant numbers．B．By comparing the participants' lifetime．C．By identifying the participants' diseases．D．By monitoring the participants' pressure．3．What was the research's shortcoming？A．It had few participants．B．It didn't last very long．C．It lacked in-depth study．D．It was the first research on balance．4．What may be the best title for the text？A．Balance determines a person's lifetimeB．The balance test should be promoted to peopleC．The ability to stand on one leg can reflect health levelsD．Being able to stand for 10 seconds means being healthy【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。
高考英语大二轮讲义：专题二+阅读理解+第一节+一+Word版含解析
高考阅读理解要求考生在规定的时间内完成3篇不同体裁、题材的阅读理解题。
考生不仅要能正确理解文章的表层意思，还要能通过表层意思合理地推断出文章的隐含意义。
近几年阅读理解的命题已从对传统知识的掌握情况的考查转向对能力的考查，命题者更关注考生用英语获取信息的能力和处理相关信息的能力。
为了帮助考生清楚地了解英语阅读理解题的情况，下面将具体分析近三年浙江卷英语阅读理解题的命题特点：由以上统计可看出，浙江卷对阅读理解的考查文体上以记叙文、说明文、议论文为主，题型以细节理解题、推理判断题为主，词义猜测题、主旨大意题较难，所占比例较少，命题很好地体现了“注重基础，体现层次，有利于选拔人才”的高考命题思想。
一、解题四步法第一步：扫描题干，划关键定位词，区分题型和预测文章主要内容。
第二步：通读全文，抓住中心。
1．通读全文，抓两个重点：(1)段中心句、核心概念常在第一段，常在首段出题。
(2)其他各段的段首和段尾句。
其他部分略读，有重点地读。
2．抓住中心，用一分半时间思考3个问题：(1)文章叙述的主要内容是什么？(2)文章中有无提到核心概念？(3)作者的大致态度是什么？第三步：仔细审题，返回原文。
仔细看题干，把每道题和原文的某处建立联系，挂起钩。
定位原则：(1)通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。
(关键词：大写字母、地名、时间、数字等)(2)自然段定位原则。
出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题。
要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。
第四步：重叠选项，选出答案。
1．通过题干返回原文：判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较重叠选项，选出答案。
2．做题练习要求：要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由。
二、研读答案特征1．正确答案的特征：(1)正确答案经常与中心思想有关。
(2)正确答案的位置，最常见的三个位置是：段首段尾处、转折处、因果处。
(3)正确答案经常运用的原则是：同义替换、正话反说和反话正说。
高考英语二轮复习 第一 阅读知识 第一章 阅读理解高三全册英语试题
语鹅市安置阳光实验学校第一部分阅读知识部分第一章阅读理解【2015·新课标全国卷I】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中，选出最佳选项。
AMonthly Talks at London Canal MuseumOur monthly talks start at 19：30 on the first Thursday of each month except August.Admission is at normal charges and you don't need to book.They end around 21：00.November_7thThe Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis.James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers.He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building.Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”．December_5thIce for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker.Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering.Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how London's ice trade grew.February_6thAn Update on the Cotsword Canals, by Liz Payne.The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening.The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer.We will have a report on the present state of play.March_6thEyots and AitsThames Islands, by Miranda Vickers.The Thames had many islands.Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them.She will tell us about those of greatest interest.London Canal Museum1213 New Wharf Road, London NI 9RTTel：020 ********【试题分析】文章主要介绍了在伦敦运河博物馆每个月的讲座安排。
新教材适用2024版高考英语二轮总复习第2部分阅读能力突破篇专题2阅读七选五第1讲根据设题位置解题
第二部分专题二第1讲A(2023·河南省安阳市高三一模)Need to take a screenshot (截屏) on your Windows PC? 1 , there are several quick and easy ways to take screenshots in Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows 8．This article will teach you how to use keyboard shortcuts and the built-in Snipping Tool app to screen capture (捕获) any area of your Windows desktop．1． 2 ．Before you can take a screenshot, make sure that the screen which you want to screenshot is up with no distractions (e．g．open windows or programs)．2．Find the “Print Screen” key on your keyboard．The Print Screen key is most often found in the upper-right side of the main keyboard, and it usually has “SysReq” (“System Requirements”) written below it． 3 ．3．Press the Win key and the Print Screen key at the same time．Doing so will take a screenshot of the current screen; in most cases, you'll see the screen dim (变暗) briefly．Your screen won't dim if your computer has certain display settings disabled．This is most common on old computers which you upgraded to Windows 10． 4 , try pressing Ctrl＋Win＋Print Screen or Fn＋Win＋Print Screen．4．Find the screenshot．You'll find the screenshot inside of the “Screenshots” folder (文件夹), which is inside of your computer's “Pictures” folder． 5 ．For example, the first screenshot you take will be marked “Screenshot(1)”， etc．A．Go to the screen that you want to screenshotB．If your screenshot doesn't appear when you look for itC．This perfect program can be fixed in all Windows computersD．Whether you want to make a full screenshot or just one window or areaE．The Print Screen key will usually be printed as “PrtSc” or something similar F．The recommended way for screenshots is PNG, due to the high quality and small file sizeG．Each screenshot that you take will be marked “Screenshot (number)” to correspond with the order in which the screenshot was taken【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。
新教材适用2024版高考英语二轮总复习第2部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解第4讲题型破解__主旨大意
考点3 段落大意题辨明题类段落大意题主要考查文章某一段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和概括。
考生要用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。
设问形式常有：(1)What is the first paragraph mainly about?(2)What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?(3)What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?技法点拨1．定位段落主题句，做到首尾兼顾做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。
一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下判断主旨，其准确性更高。
2．通过暗示揣摩段落大意有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。
真题体验(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷D)On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect．The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate．This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same．Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate．When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate．If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out．In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent．If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down．But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon．The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number ofindependent individuals．For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals．In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion．Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response．Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”．Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error．Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous．32．What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about？A．The methods of estimation．B．The underlying logic of the effect．C．The causes of people's errors．D．The design of Galton's experiment．【解题示范】第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词：Paragraph 2，快速将解题信息定位到文章的第二段；第二步：根据段落的内容，分析选项，判断概括准确的选项：根据“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same．Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate．When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate．If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out．In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent．If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down．(这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。
高三英语二轮复习 板块二 语篇理解题 专题一 阅读理解 1 巧解细节理解题课件
板
块
语篇理解题
二
12/6/2021
第一页，共五十页。
专题一
阅读理解
12/6/2021
第二页，共五十页。
12/6/2021
第二十六页，共五十页。
3．要注意题目和文章的关键词的暗示作用。忽略了它们的 暗示作用，就失去了解题的钥匙。如 for example，such as 的例证 作用；that is，in other words 的解释作用；however，ut 的转折作 用等。
4．运用文章的过渡词找到解决问题的突破口。过渡词能够 表达各种语意关系，可以借助它们弄清事件的来龙去脉。更重要 的是，这些过渡词绝大多数与细节性的问题有着密切的联系，问 题的答案往往是用表达各种语意关系的过渡词来引出的。
12/6/2021
第二十七页，共五十页。
5．注意文中和题干中设计的“陷阱”，不要被表面信息所 迷惑。另外，有些题目的设置采用反向思维，题干中含有 not 或 except 等否定词，对此要特别小心，以免上当。
12/6/2021
第二十三页，共五十页。
2．干扰项的特点 (1)将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换 掉，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。 (2)把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成 现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。 (3)无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结 论，而文中并未涉及。 (4)偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，而所 述细节却与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。
高考英语二轮复习-第二部分-题型突破-专题12-阅读理解-第1讲-细节理解题(二)对点特训
第1讲细微环节理解题（二）细微环节理解题(二)A(2016·山西四校高三第三次联考)World Book Day is a celebration of all things wonderful about books for all ages, with author events, school fancy－dress parades(游行) and a ￡1 book token(购书券) given to all school children under 18. It is a yearly event on 23rd April, organized by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO), to promote reading.In the United Kingdom, the day is recognized on the first Thursday in March. On 3rd March, 2016 children of all ages in the U．K. will come together to appreciate reading. Sometimes, reading a modern novel can be tough (Booker Prize winner The Luminaries runs to 832 pages! ), especially if reading is not your strong suit. In fact, one in six people in the U．K. never pick up a book because they've experienced difficulties or are out of the habit of reading for pleasure.The Galaxy Quick Reads series are designed to introduce reluctant readers to bestselling short funny novels, which bring the joy of reading without demanding hours of concentrated time. They cover a range of subjects, from romance to comedy.Jojo Moyes's Paris for One is a romantic adventure in which 26－year－old Nell books a weekend away to Paris with her lazy, neglectful boyfriend. When he fails to turn up, she is alone in the city. That is, until she meets Fabien, who shows her the charms of the French capital—in more ways than one.Adele Geras's moving story Out In The Dark was set in World War I, in which young Rob came back from the battlefields. Determined to find the officer's widow to return the photo of her and their daughter that the captain kept with him, he traveled several thousand miles but never gave up.Dead Man Talking is a fantastic tale of Pat, who had a terrible fight with his best friend, Joe, ten years ago—but now hears that Joe is dead, and he must attend his funeral. But Joe is not going quietly that very night—he's lying in his coffin being very chatty indeed.体裁：说明文题材：介绍说明主题：《银河快速阅读》系列语篇导读：有些书让不擅长阅读的读者望而却步。
新教材适用2024版高考英语二轮总复习第2部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解课件
28．Where is the text most probably taken from？ .
A．An introduction to a book．
B．An essay on the art of writing．
C．A guidebook to a museum．
D．A review of modern paintings．
实战导引·点迷津
(2023 •新高考全国 I卷C) Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world．The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being．In artists' representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time．
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated．From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader．To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined．And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity．
2022年高考英语二轮强化复习专题二阅读七选五 第一讲 “读、析、寻、代”,快解七选五
Step 2: Remind __3__ It means you're challenging yourself to learn. Remind yourself that difficulty and struggles are a natural part of pushing yourself to grow as a learner.
So being interesting at a dinner party isn't that hard.
A.How do you know the host B.The first step is to go exploring C.If you ask the question “How did you get here？” D.Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers E.Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say F.What about that person who has had too much to drink or won't stop talking G.He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
Just as you can push yourself to run faster by pushing your muscles to their limit, you can push your brain to work extra hard. The more you push, the more your muscles will be sore (酸痛的) and tired in the moment. __4__ Frustration can be a sign that your brain is getting sore and tired.
新教材适用2024版高考英语二轮总复习第2部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解第2讲题型破解__推理判断
考点3 写作意图题辨明题类通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。
所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。
设问形式常有：1．整篇文章的写作目的/意图(1)The writer writes this passage in order to ．(2)The purpose of the text is to ．(3)What is the main purpose of the passage?(4)The writer of the story wants/intends to tell us that ．2．某处细节的写作目的/意图(1)The writer uses．．．in the first paragraph to ．(2)The writer uses the example of．．．to ．(3)The author writes the last paragraph in order to ．技法点拨通常可依据文体特点来推断作者写作意图：1．记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开。
2．应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言。
3．说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，故应找准主题句。
4．议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。
真题体验(2021·全国乙卷C)You've heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4．8 and 12．7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year．But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does．He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products．At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse，”a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash．Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam．Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled．Plastic straws are by no means thebiggest source (来源)of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled．Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes．Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear．In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明)a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean．For this work, titled “Truc kload of Plastic，” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped (倾倒)from a truck all at once．Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint．29．Why does the author discuss plastic straws in Paragraph 3？A．To show the difficulty of their recycling．B．To explain why they are useful．C．To voice his views on modern art．D．To find a substitute for them．【解题示范】第一步：阅读题干，把握出题意图：Why discuss，plastic straws；第二步：通过题干中的Paragraph 3迅速定位第三段，该段讲的是“全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。
高三英语二轮复习板块二语篇理解题专题一阅读理解3锁定主旨大意题
The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference，we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.We were respectful of craft (技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen.
[解析] 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“When the studio didn't want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me”可知，摄影棚起初不愿意给作者角色 的原因是想找一个与Paul一样著名的人物。故可知作者当时不够 有名。该题选C项。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了与Paul的相识及 与其建立友谊的原因，虽不常见面但是却因共同的信念而保持 着友谊。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
【典例 2】 (2015·全国Ⅰ卷，A 节选)
Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum [1]Our monthly talks start at 19：30 on the first Thursday of each month except August.Admission is at normal charges and you don't need to book.They end around 21：00.
【方法技巧】1.在平时的备考训练中，应学会快速辨 认和记忆事实或细节，可用查读法，即带着问题寻找答案。
2．运用查读法要注意：首先略读阅读材料，将注意 力集中在与 who，what，when，where 等问题有关的细 节或数字方面。对一些细节，可一面阅读一面概括归纳， 尽力记住这些主要细节，并留心它们所在的位置。
(3)In which of the following publications (出版物) would this passage most likely be printed?
(4)The passage implies，but doesn't directly state that ________．
多·达利的艺术作品在巴黎展览馆展出的一些细节。
【点石成金】 准确定位关键信息，从文章中找到答 案是关键。
本 题 是 一 道 细 节 题 。 根 据 本 段 中 的 “ ...over 200 paintings，sculptures，drawings and more”可看出萨尔 瓦多·达利是一位高产艺术家，故答案为 B 项。
says Maurice Frisch，a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends.And they need to open up.”Lehanne says she'd like to see psychology cafes all over France.“If people had normal lives，these cafes wouldn't exist，” she says“. If life weren't a battle，people wouldn't need a special place just to speak.” But then， it wouldn't be France.
(5)The writer suggests that ________． (6)The author probably feels that ________．
(7)The author uses the example of...to show that ________．
(8)What's the author's attitude toward...?
【方法技巧】 1.首先要确定是在题干中还是在选项 中找关键词。
如果题干里包含文章细节的信息，则在题干中寻找关 键词。如果题干中没有提到任何关于文章的信息，如： Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage？则需要在四个选项中寻找用 以定位的关键词。
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 法国心理咖啡馆的社会意义和功能特色，以及这类咖啡馆 在法国越来越受欢迎的原因。
【点石成金】 此题是对原因进行合理的推断。
本题是一道推断题。根据文章最后一段中的“‘If people had normal lives，these cafes wouldn't exist，’ she says.‘If life weren't a battle，people wouldn't need a special place just to speak.’ But then，it wouldn't be France.”可知，心理咖啡馆在巴黎受欢迎的原因是它们 能给予人们精神上的支持。故选 B 项。
然后浏览材料并复读材料，复读时通篇跳读，寻找与 问题有关的细节。最后解答问题，确定答案。
3．排序题：可采用“首尾定位法”。即先找出最先 发生的事和最后发生的事，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速 选出正确答案。
选图题：从文中找出描绘图形的句段，按“文”索 “图”。
计算题：要弄清数据间的逻辑关系，选准正确的数据 进行计算，同时弄清单位之间的换算关系。
28 ． Which of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1?
A．Optimistic. B．Productive. C．Generous. D．Traditional.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍的是现代著名艺术家萨尔瓦
【方法技巧】
1．熟悉推理判断类题目常见的设问方式。 (1)It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that ________． (2)Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?
第二部分 语篇阅读
一、事实细节题
分析解读：细节理解题主要考查考生快速阅读文章的 同时，从中获取某些特定的信息或理解特定信息的能力。 其考查内容主要涉及：①时间、地点、人物、事件等具 体的细节；②议论文中的例证细节；③数字，如时间、 年龄、金额、数量等细节；
④原因或结果等细节；⑤定义类细节。该类试题要 求考生在做题时培养快速定位相关细节的能力。
并做出正确的推断，这是对文章深层次的把握，属 于高层次的阅读理解题。
【典例 1】 (2015·全国Ⅰ卷，D)The city's
“psychology cafes”，which offer great comfort，are among the most popular places.Middle－aged homemakers， retirees，and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love，anger，and dreams with a psychologist.And they come to Lehanne's group just to learn to say what they feel.“There's a strong need in Paris for communication，”
【 典 例 1 】 (2015·全 国 Ⅰ 卷 ， C)Salvador Dali
(1904—1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists.The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings，sculptures，drawings and more.Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces，most importantly The Persistence of Memory.
对于广告、演出信息、航班时间表等的阅读，不必阅 读全文，宜采用“题干定位法”。
关注同位语和标点符号，如：破折号，括号，省略号 等。
利用排除法时，考生要注意的是遇到两个难以抉择的 选项时一定要通过文章的整体意思来做出判断。
4．可用以下几种方法解决阅读过程中遇到的长句和 难句：①紧紧抓住句子的主干结构：主语、谓语、宾语； ②结合上下文分析句意；③根据语境分析、推测难句中的 生词词义和整个句意；④采用“替代法”，用名词、形容 词、副词分别代替名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句；⑤ 采用“排除法”等方法作为辅助手段。
35．Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?
A．They bring people true friendship. B．They give people spiritual support. C．They help people realize their dreams. D．They offer a platform for business links.
November_7th [2]The Canal Pioneers ， by Chris Lewis.James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers.He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building.Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”． ...
A．February 6th.
B．March 6th.
C．November 7th. D．December 5th.