非谓语动词考点总结归纳

非谓语动词考点总结归纳 Revised by Liu Jing on January 12, 2021

非谓语动词考点总结归纳

非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词和分词。它们是高中所学的基础语法，也是高考必考内容。既是高考的难点又是高考的热点。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识：

①具有句子结构的知识，会分析句子成分。

②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。

③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。

④具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析复合句和长难句。

1．三种非谓语动词的构成及变化形式。

●过去分词 done （无变化）

●所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是把否定副词not,never放在非谓语动词的前

面。

2.三种非谓语动词形式句法功能比较

考点一：非谓语作主语。

1. 在很多情况下没有明显的不同. Seeing is believing.=To see is to beli eve.

2. 不定式做主语表示某一次具体的,特定的或有待实现的动作, 而动名词则表示通常的情况.

eg:To tell him the truth would be the best. / Paintin g is an art.

动词不定式（短语）作主语时，另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主

语，而将动词不定式（短语）移到谓语之后作真正主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词，动词和名词

1)形容词作表语It is adj/n.(for sb.) to do sth. （常见的形容词是：neces sary,important,possible等）

It is adj./n.(of sb.) to do sth. (常见的形容词是clever,s tupid,foolish,wise,cruel等)

2)常见的动词有：require, cost, amuse, delight, annoy等

eg: It takes much time to do sth./ It didn’t occur to me to ask him to help me.

3)一些名词作表语

eg: It seems a pity to waste them./It is a great pleasure to do this. /It is a good idea to think this way

动名词做主语时常用的句型有：

It is nice doing sth./It’s foolish doing sth./It is useless doing tha t/It’s a waste of time doing this.

/It’s worth one’s while doing sth./ It’s no good (use) doing that. It’s an awful job doing this. /It’s fun doing this.

There is/ was no sense in doing/no point in doing

考点二：非谓语动词作宾语详细见5+3 P70-72页

补充:1.begin和start在下列三种情况下, 通常跟不定式, 不跟动名词

1) 当begin和start的主语是无生命之物时. eg: Snow bega n to melt.

2) 当begin和start用于进行时时. eg: He is be ginning to study English.

3) 当begin和start后面跟着一些表示心理状态的词时. eg: I began to believe his story.

2. be afraid to do 不敢去做…… be afraid of d oing 害怕发生某事

3. be sure to do 一定会…… be sure of doi ng 确信会……

eg: Tom is sure to pass the exam.(说话人的看法, 认为Tom 一定会考试通过.)

Tom is sure of passing the exam. ( Tom 对自己通过考试很有把握.)

考点三：非谓语动词作表语

不定式、动名词、分词做表语：

1.不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。不定式一般紧跟

在系动词如: be, seem, remain,

appear等后面, 用来说明主语的内容。这类结构中的主语一般为名词，如：i dea, purpose, hope, plan, intention,wish, dream, etc. eg. My purpo se is to teach them a lesson.

有时句子主语也可以是不定式或名词性从句。

eg:To be strict with students is to be responsible for them.

What I want to do is (to )tell you the truth. 如果主语中含有do 的任何形式, 那么不定式可以省去to.

2. 动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可互换，动名词常用于口语中。

Its full-time job is laying eggs.

3. 分词做表语:

现在分词作表语:一般表示主动或主语的性质和特征, “令人……”的, 主语多数情况是sth.

过去分词作表语: 一般表示被动或说明主语情感心理上的感受, “感到……的”,主语多数是sb.

exciting, excited/annoying, annoyed /amazing, amazed /boring, bored/ confusing, confused/

encouraging, encouraged /embarrassing, embarrassed /frightening, fri ghtened等

考点四：非谓语动词作宾语补足语详细见5+3 P68-70页