科技英语期终复习题
科技英语复习内容(考试)
Unit 1A. 1) mutual gain game and mutual harm game互赢博弈和互败博弈2) sequential –move game连续策略博弈3) simultaneous-move game 联立策略博弈4) linear reasoning直线推理5) circular reasoning循环推理6) Nash reasoning纳什均衡7) dominant strategy支配性策略8) optimal result最优化结果9) breakdown of cooperation合作破裂10) strategy of brinkmanship边缘化策略B. 1) 完全博弈pure conflict 2) 竞争与合作competition and cooperation3) 策略性相互作用strategic interdependence 4) 囚徒困境prisoners’ dilemma5) 长远性损失ong-run loss 6) 针锋相对策略tit-for-tat strategy7) 策略混合mixing one’s moves8) 打斜线球或底线球hit a passing shot cross-court or down the line9) 垄断性市场monopoly market 10) 均衡份额equilibrium sharesUnit 5A. 1) the existing technology 现有的技术2) voice commands语音命令3) cellular network蜂窝网络4) slot for added memory附加存储卡用槽5) have computerlike fearues具有电脑功能6) a built-in digital camera内置式数码相机7) set up temporary offices建立临时办公室8) word processing power文字处理能力9) qwerty keboard标准键盘10) location-based services定位服务B. 1) 闪存容量flashy memory 2) 手机观察家们mobile-phone watchers3) 投影键盘projection keyboard 4) 个人电脑的捍卫者defenders of the PC5) 语音识别系统speech-recognition system 6) “双铰”式设计―dual hinge‖ design7) 按钮式拨号式键盘the touch-tone pad 8) 手机迷a phone guy9) 豪华大屏显the luxuriously large screen 10) 智能手机smartphonesUnit 8A 1) ferrous metal 黑色金属2) boron nitride 氮化硼3) elastic deformation 弹性形变4) plastic deformation 塑性形变5) bulk modulus体积模量6) volume compression 体积压缩7) linear compression 线性压缩8) shear modulus 剪切模9) covalent bond 共价键10) irreversible motion 不可恢复运动B 1) 剪切运动shear motion 2）过渡金属transition mental 3）纳米结构nanostructure4）结晶粒度grain size 5）三元相ternary phases 6）高价电子high valence electron7）导热性能thermal conductivity 8) 低耗合成low-cost synthesis9）耐磨涂层wear-risistant coating 10）折光指数index refractionUnit 11. The essence of a game is the interdependence of player strategies. There are two distinct types of strategic interdependence: sequential and simultaneous.博奕的实质是博弈者采取策略间相互依赖性，这种策略性相互依赖表瑞为两个不同类别，连续策略之间和联力策略间的相互作用。
科技英语期末复习资料.doc
一 .填空题l.The ensemble averages will be identical (with) the statistical averages and may be represented by the same symbols.2.Suppose, for example, that the statistical characteristics of the sample functions (in) the ensemble were changing with time.3.There is a negative statement associated (with) Shannon's theorem.4.It turns out (that) the results obtained for a gaussian channel often provide a lower bound (on) the performance of a system operating (over)a nongaussian channel.5.The characteristics of the pulse group are related (to) the message sample through operations called quantization and coding.6.The term symbol coder distinguishes this coding operation (from) the overall source encoding process.In most cases,a variablejength code is used to represent the mapped and quantized date set.lt assigns the shortest codewords (to) the most frequently (occurring) output values and thus reduces coding redundancy.7.Quantization and sampling produce the same result (as) sampling and quantizing.8.Error control coding waveforms,(on) the other hand, have bandwidth expansion factors that grow only linearly (with) the code block length.9.The method involves first sampling the informationsignal,quantizing the sample by rounding (off) to the closest of a number of discrete levels, and finally generating a prescribed number of pulses according to a code related to the nearest discrete level.10.Speech coding is a fundamental technology that has existed (for) more than 60 years,beginning (in) thel930s with Dudley,s original vocoder.UChannel coding protects digital date (from) errors by selectively introducing redundancies in the transmitted data.12.Vision is the most advanced of our senses, so it is not surprising that images play the signal most important role (in) human perception.13.Sometimes a distinction is made by defining image processing (as).14.A low-level process is characterized (by) the fact that both its inputs and outputs are images..英译汉I.random process, 随机过程3.channel capacity. 信道容量5.positive pulse. 正脉冲制7.quantum step size.量化步长9.pulse train, 脉冲序列II.error correction code. 纠错码13.carrier frequency,载波频率15.Speech coding. 语音编码强puter display 计算机视觉2.random variable 随机变量4.error probability 误码率6.pulse code modulation 脉冲编码调8.linear function 线性函数10.error detection code 检错码12.bandpass signal 带通信号14.background noise 背景噪声16.contrast enhancement 对比度增1 .样本函数sample function2 集平均ensemble average4 概率密度 probability density 6 上限 upper limit 8脉宽调制.PDM 10 信道编码 channel coding 12 编码调制 state diagram 14 铜线.copper wire 16 电磁波频谱 electromagnetic18 图像理解 image understanding3 高斯信道 gaussian channel5下界，下限lower bound7脉幅调制 PAM9脉位调制PPM11加性高斯白噪声AWGN13 已调信号 vector array15 语音识另U speech recognitionspectrum17无线电波 radio wave 19 人工智能.artificial intelligence 四.翻译句子1 .在整篇文章中，我们假定要研究的随机过程均为各太历经过程。
科技英语综合练习复习
科技英语综合练习复习资料阅读理解Unit 11、The term “games” in game theory all shares the characteristic of______?A、integrityB、interferenceC、interactionD、interdependence参考答案:D2、According to the passage, recent research of game theory lays its emphasis onA、zero-sum gamesB、pure conflictC、pure cooperationD、petition and cooperation参考答案:D3、In simultaneous-move games, the player shouldA、watch how the other players respond and then respond in turnB、be conscious of the other players5 current actionsC、be thinking in a linear chain of reasoning and calculate the possible outeD、try to select his best response to what the others do参考答案:D4、In the sentence ''Other games were considered in a cooperative form、That is, the participants were supposed to choose and implement their actions jointly”,the underlined word “implement”means 、____A、selectB、fulfill 履行C、diversifyD、quantify参考答案:BDilemma” of game theory that_____:5、We can infer from “The Prisoner'sA、it belongs to the so-called zero-sum games because the interests af the prisoners conflict totallyB、an equilibrium can be reached in repeated plays of the game in order to avoid mutual lossC、the prisoners are ignorant about whether their partner cooperates with them or confesses to the authoritiesD、a precondition has been set that each prisoner^ personal best option will turn to a jointly optimal oute参考答案:B6、According to the authors, which of the following statements il true?A、Nash’s concept of equilibrium addresses the issues of both sequential-move andsimultaneous-move games、B、The pursuit of an equilibrium should end up looking for dominant strategies or eliminating dominated players、C、Nash’s concept of equilibrium doesn’t specify the dynamic process which can result in an equilibrium、D、An equilibrium will ultimately be arrived at in simultaneous-move games、参考答案:C7、To keep the rival guessing or losing, the use of mixing moves can be found in______A、lumberjack chopping woodB、Cortes conquering Mexico in 16th centuryC、Polaroid securing a monopoly marketD、a tennis player hitting a passing shot一个网球运动员参考答案:D8、In the sentence "When we say that an oute is an equilibrium, there is no presumption that each person's privately best choice will lead to a collectively、optimal result”, the underlined word “presumption” means _____A、hypothesis 假设B、conclusionC、meditationD、anticipation参考答案:A9、Which of the following ways can enhance the credibility of threats and promise to affect the opponent in a strategic interaction?A、Keeping the rival guessing、B、Using the strategy of brinkmanship、C、Bargaining to have a better oute、D、Concealing and revealing information、参考答案:B10、In the sentence “A player can use threats and promises to alter other players’expectations of his future actions, and thereby induce them to take actions favorable to him or deter them from making moves that harm him”,the underlined word “deter”means___A、alterB、remindC、stimulateD、prevent 阻止参考答案:DUnit 441、Cable operators can offer their subscribers services like reserving bandwidth for specific application by using _______specification、A、DOCSISB、PCMMC、TDMD、VoIP参考答案:B42、The PCMM standard creates a framework that allows the_________ to control and change the allocated bandwidth for various services、A、cable modemB、record keeping serverC、application managerD、end-user devices参考答案:D43、In the sentence “The seamless Wi-Fi roaming technology would alert the mobile carrier when a user migrates into a Wi-Fi zone”, the underlined word “migrates” meansA、switchesB、residesC、settlesD、dwells参考答案:A44、Which of the following-is a pelling reason for promoting cellular roaming?A、Saving operating expenditure、B、Expanding cell, phone's markets、C、Increasing entertaining functions、D、Improving overall munications、通信参考答案:D45、Meshed networks are moving toward the concept "________"A、hot spotB、access pointC、metro spot 地铁站点D、network node参考答案:C46、Which of the following is the characteristic of meshed wireless network?A、Self-searching、B、Self-configuring、C、Self-checking、,D、Self-upgrading、参考答案:B47、In the sentence “A hybrid TDM/IP approach can incorporate IP features in conjunction with an existing TDM-based PBX”,the underlined word "hybrid"A、integratedB、binedC、relatedD、divided参考答案:B48、What does the IP Centrex service use to provide all the IP calling features to the enterprise customer?A A context switch and feature server architecture、B A softswitch and management server architecture、C A context switch and management server architecture、D、 A softswitch and feature server architecture、软交换与特征服务参考答案:D49、In the sentence “PON has been heralded as the chosen FTTP path for RBOCs”, the underlined word "heralded" means 、A、proclaimed 宣告B、advancedC、guidedD、signaled参考答案:A410、The actual number of active devices in an active network is less than ________more thain those in a passive network、A、1%B、2%C、10%D、20%参考答案:AUnit 661、What is the main point of the article?A、The laws of thermodynamics will eventually cause puter system performance toplateau、B、Reversible puting is inevitable in the near future、、C、Reversible puting will unlock the power of tomorrow’s puting platformsD、The principles of reversible puting、参考答案:C62、Reversible puters, or adiabatic systems 、A、cause existing technology to falterB、are an alternative puting technique 代替计算技术C、are quantum putersD、e at a steep price参考答案:B63、The core elements to create a fully functional reversible puter system involveA、reversible circuits, reversible power supply and reversible switchesB、reversible power supply and reversible switchesC、reversible circuits, reversible switches and reversible chipsD、reversible circuits, reversible power supply and reversible chips可逆电路、可逆电源、可逆芯片参考答案:D64、Which of the following states why improvements in puting e at a steep price?A、Conventional puting architectures need to be changed、B、Deleting information inevitably produces heat、C、Hardware designs need to be re-engineered、D、Software and development tools need to be re-designed、参考答案:A65、Researchers have been investigating alternative puting techniques such as_______to stave off the problems of conventional puting performance、A、switchesB、routersC、quantum puting 量子计算D、algorithmic-intensive operations参考答案:C66、In the sentence “To stave off these problems, researchers have beenthe underlined phrase-&stave off’ investigating alternative puting techniques”,meansA、give way toB、keep offC、reduceD、solve 解决参考答案:D67、Which of the following lists all the fundamental puting performance bottlenecks?A、Hardware and software designs and leakage、B、Tremendous heat dissipation and hardware and software designs、C、Tremendous heat dissipation and thermal noise、1D、Tremendous heat dissipation, thermal noise and leakage、参考答案:D68、Which of the following statements would the author most probably agree withT^dA、Clock speed needs to be reduced to improve the energy efficiency of puting systems、、B、A future where systems based on reversible chips bee necessary is out of reachC、Frank’s power supply sparks circuit nodes, to new levels,D、Knight persisted in adiabatic systems, knowing the technology would be, important soon、参考答案:A69、Which of the following statements supports the idea that “the e nergy consumption of laptops remains the same”？power-saying features on laptops、A、Do not confuse adiabatic methods with today’ｓB、The putations of laptops may consume less power, but take twice as long to plete、完成C、Overall energy of laptops is conserved since much of the time they are not running、D、Laptops run the idle loop fast, thus laptops might conserve power、参考答案:B610、It can be implied from the passage that______、A、adiabatic systems are more necessary for general-purpose applicationsB、a future where reversible systems bee necessary is inevitableC、reversible chips will not be more efficient for practical applications even if optimizedD、Knight is not in favor of adiabatic research参考答案:BUnti 771、In the sentence “As the enterprise considers VoIP and more significantly VoIP over Wi-Fi, the decision to implement location-aware technology will bee amatter、of legal pliance”, the underlined word “pliance” means _____A、flexibilityB、mand 命令C、issueD、assent参考答案:B72、When a caller dials 911, a selective router switch within the phone networksends the call to a local ______A、base stationB、PSAP 公共安全应答站C、access pointD、PSTN参考答案:B73、What is the percentage of people in the U、S、who will get E911 service?A、About 93 percent、B、About 95 percent、C、About 88 percent、88D、About 79 percent、参考答案:C74、Wireless technologies and VoIP present unique problems for E911 because__________、A、VoIP phone users are usually able to roam in a large areaB、VoIP phones only use base stations to connect to the InternetC、VoIP phones can only work across Wi-Fi networkgraphic locationD、VoIP phones’ area codes are tied to its’ geo参考答案:A75、Which of the following is included in the deployment of 911 across cellular networks?A、Phase 0 ensures that E911 calls will get through to a PSAP、、B、Phase 1 specifies that VoIP 911 calls will be routed to the local PSAP、C、Phase 2 will bring full E911 services to VoIP across the PSTND、Phase 3 will deliver E911 over IP to devices without telephone numbers、参考答案:A76、In the sentence “It could then offset those costs by passing them on to the application service provider, which could in turn charge the end user”, the、underlined word “offset” means_______A、counteractB、softenC、decreaseD、slash参考答案:A77、Which of the following is the advantage of A-GPS over GPS?A、The search time is reduced by 10 to 12 seconds、B、It takes several minutes to get the location information、C、It saves precious battery life for mobile phone users、D、It works equally well both inside and outside buildings、参考答案:C78、Wi-Fi uses_________、A、licensed bandsB、unlicensed bandsC、free bandsD、limited bands参考答案:B79、Which of the following is the function of triangulation?、A、To measure the returning signal’s attenuationB、To emit test signals into the environment、C、To pare multiple signal strengths、D、To account for multiple propagation、参考答案:C710、Which of the following examples shows that location-aware presence improves Wi-Fi security?A、It can locate interlopers penetrating the defenses of the Wi-Fi network、B、Within the Wi-Fi environment, consumers can be directed to restaurants、C、Shipping panies can now track the movement of their vans、D、In hospitals doctors and medical equipment can be quickly located、参考答案:A完形填空Unit 41.A、profits B、handicaps C、benefits促进D、hindrances2.A、while B、when C、however D、though3.A、everywhere B、anywhere C、however D、though4.A、on B、with C、by D、over5.A、accede B、accelerate促进C、access D、accept6.A、exceeds超越B、precedes C、antecedes D、cedes7.A、decline B、arise C、grow种植D、descend8.A、converting B、converging合并C、convecting D、convolving9.A、interact B、interaction C、interacting D、interactive互动得10.A、coupling B、couple C、coupled连结得D、beingcoupled11.A、potential潜能B、latency C、efficiency D、specialty12.A、but B、however C、therefore D、hence13.A、That B、It C、Which D、What14.A、constitutes构成B、consists C、prises D、contains15.A、minimum最低限度得B、maximum C、medium D、average16.A、upon B、for C、against反对D、beneath17.A、nevertheless B、though C、even平得D、nonetheless18.A、approach B、access接入C、avail D、admission19.A、uncertainty不确定得B、probability C、certainty D、likelihood20.A、survive B、evolve使发展C、revolve D、extend Unit61.A、on B、to C、for D、at2.A、award B、reward C、awards D、rewards报酬3.A、though B、so C、if D、worse4.A、punishment惩罚B、punish C、information D、judge5.A、detects B、detected C、is detected D、be detected6.A、punished B、unpunished C、punishing D、unpunishing7.A、say B、note记事本C、understand D、calculate8.A、by accident偶然地B、by instinct C、by intention D、by allaccounts9.A、proof B、evidence C、examine D、inspections检查10.A、surrenders B、reasons C、victims受害者D、causes11.A、having to stay B、having stayed C、staying D、of having tostay12.A、cleared B、revealed显示C、victims D、causes13.A、lying B、untruthful C、dishonest不诚实得D、unhonest14.A、Unlike B、Like C、With D、For15.A、take B、mit犯罪C、submit D、perform16.A、be charged B、charged C、charge D、charging17.A、depend B、mand C、remend D、demands18.A、exist B、result C、obtain D、gain19.A、hesitate犹豫B、refuse C、stop D、lost20.A、confident B、private C、confidential机密得D、valuable 句子翻译Unit 11、The essence of a game is the interdependence of player strategies、There are two distinct types of strategic interdependence:sequential and simultaneous、博弈得实质就是博弈者采取策略之间得相互依赖性。
科学英语期末考试卷
科学英语期末考试卷一、选择题1. What is the process by which plants make their own food using sunlight?A. PhotosynthesisB. RespirationC. DecompositionD. Transpiration答案：A. Photosynthesis2. The smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element is called a:A. MoleculeB. AtomC. CompoundD. Particle答案：B. Atom3. The force that pulls objects towards the center of the Earth is called:A. FrictionB. GravityC. InertiaD. Buoyancy答案：B. Gravity4. What is the chemical symbol for Gold?A. GoB. AuC. AgD. Pt答案：B. Au5. The study of the Earth's physical structure and substance, its history, and the processes that act on it is called:A. BiologyB. GeologyC. PhysicsD. Chemistry答案：B. Geology二、填空题6. The formula for calculating speed is distance divided by ___________.答案：time7. The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and ___________.答案：gas8. The SI unit for temperature is ___________.答案：Kelvin9. The process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas is called ___________.答案：evaporation10. The center of an atom contains protons and ___________.答案：neutrons三、简答题11. Explain the difference between an element and a compound.答案：An element is a pure substance that consists of only one type of atom, while a compound is a substance made up of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together.12. Describe the steps of the scientific method.答案：The steps of the scientific method are as follows:1. Observation2. Question3. Hypothesis4. Experiment5. Analysis6. Conclusion四、综合题13. A car travels at a speed of 60 km/h for 3 hours. How far does the car travel?答案：Distance = speed x timeDistance = 60 km/h x 3 hDistance = 180 km14. Explain why ice floats on water.答案：Ice floats on water because it is less dense than water. This is due to the arrangement of water molecules in a solid state, forming a crystal lattice structure which makes ice less dense than liquid water.。
2014年中国石油大学--科技英语总复习-答题篇
中国石油大学《科技英语》综合复习资料Part I Vocabulary and Structure（词汇与结构）1. As parts of the world become __B____, millions of people will try to migrate to more ___B___ areas.A. hospitable… uninhabitableB. uninhabitable… hospitableC. habitable… inhospitableD. inhospitable … uninhabitable2. A(n) ___C___ is someone who is being considered for a position, for example someone who is runningin an election or applying for a job.A. astronomerB. scientistC. candidateD. researcher3. There are scientific satellites in ____B______ that measure wave heights, but too few to give reliableworldwide coverage.A. markB. orbitC. storeD. line4. The first-year courses provide short introductions to these areas, while the second-year courses_____B_____ the areas in greater depth.A. classifyB. investigateC. clearD. examine5. Their marriage was in danger of breaking up last year but it seems quite __D____ now.A. favorableB. criticalC. profitableD. stable6. If individuals are awakened each time as they began a dream phase of sleep, they are likely to becomeirritable even if their total amount of sleep has been ___B___.A. efficientB. sufficientC. deficientD. proficient7. Linda didn’t like the work because it lacked ____C______; she was doing the same thing all the time.A. anxietyB. priorityC. varietyD. society8. She wanted to ask him all about his private life, but wisely _____C_____ herself.A. rescuedB. heldC. restrainedD. curbed9. After he was attacked, he managed to ____D______ to the phone and call for help.A. poundB. comeC. turnD. stagger10. The issue was whether or not the bacteria (细菌) in his body would _____C_____ the local ecosystem.A. breakB. balanceC. contaminateD. contain11. Moving to a new school can ____C______ a child’s education, especially between the ages of elevenand sixteen.A. upsetB. balanceC. disruptD. disorder12. China’s news media is following world trend by marketization and ___D_______into enterprises.A. conversionB. translationC. transplantingD. transforming13. Up to 22 people were killed and 187 others injured in a suicide bomb attack which __B____ ademonstration in a northern Iraqi city.A. transportedB. targetedC. yieldedD. aimed14. The general secretary’s decision to inv est was a __C____ mistake, resulting in a heavy loss of money.A. firmB. privateC. costlyD. incentive15. I feel nervous about the __A____ of the experiment as it determines the future of this domain.A. outcomeB. outlookC. outputD. outline16. Once attached to the host Program, the computer viruses then look for other programs to ___C___.A. affectB. effectC. infectD. perfect17. Their government always looks at problems from the financial viewpoint, and the social ___C___ isnever considered.A. inspectB. prospectC. aspectD. respect18. One’s appearance does not always __B____ with his quality, so don’t judge people by looks.A. compareB. coincideC. collideD. content19. We work best in a peaceful and comfortable ____B______ so as to increase our productivity and relieveour exhaustion.A. paceB. atmosphereC. rhymeD. hemisphere20. The new ____B_____ of this dictionary has not been in use yet, but its appearance has aroused quite alot of attention.A. visionB. versionC. variationD. verification21. The news slowly ____C______ through to everyone in the office; finally everybody felt worried aboutthe uncertainty of the future.A. meltedB. frozeC. filteredD. flowed22. We do remember your initial objections, but unfortunately you didn’t place them __D____.A. in registerB. to documentC. in betweenD. on record23. The cost may be lower than we first thought, but __B____ it will still be quite substantial.A. in no caseB. in any caseC. in case ofD. in case24. Sometimes you can __A_____ valuable antiques by chance – for example when you’re clearing out anold building.A. come byB. come inC. come outD. come down25. Obviously you came here intending to ___D____ the United States and you will need a work visa.A. rest withB. resort toC. render intoD. reside in26. The new __D____ edition of this book focuses specifically on the complexities of grammatical choicesthat students need to master.A. alteredB. convertedC. modifiedD. revised27. The poor condition of this apartment block is a danger to all its ____B______.A. habitatsB. inhabitantsC. habitsD. inherits28. Enough lava had ____C______ from the volcano to bury the entire village.A. disruptedB. splashedC. eruptedD. spilt29. You are legally ___B___ to take faulty goods back to the store where you bought them.A. devotedB. entitledC. accessedD. contributed30. Time and time again, women seem to __B____ on promotion and career opportunities.A. fall outB. lose outC. wipe outD. put out31. ___A____ in the office had a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience.A. SomeoneB. AnyoneC. No oneD. Everyone32. Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert __C____ it means standing in a queue all night.A. as ifB. providedC. even ifD. whatever33. This magazine is very __B___ with young people, who like its content and style.A. familiarB. popularC. similarD. Particular34. _B____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.A. Being bittenB. BittenC. Having been bittenD. To be bitten35. The morning paper __A____a story about demonstrations in New York and Washington D.C..A. carriedB. extendedC. broughtD. tookPart II Identification（判断正误）1. No sooner had they entered the room when the telephone rang. 错2. As a graduate from high school, Tom is faced with three choices: attending college, finding a job or joining the army. 对3. It was his nervousness in the interview which probably caused him to lose the job. 错4. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting though you don’t mind taking the night train. 错5. Why not stay at home now that the road is so slippery after the heavy snow？对6. But for the help of my English teacher, I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition. 对7 .Those brave army soldiers would rather die with their heads high than lived with their knees bent. 错8. It is no good try to remember grammatical rules. You need to practice what you have learned. 错9. The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year. 对10. Over the past 20 years, the internet has helped change our world in either way or another 错for the better.Part III Word-filling (单词填空)1. Georgia said it would take a___ aggressive__（咄咄逼人的）diplomatic steps to respond to the Russian action in order to defend its rights.2. In most western countries, upon reaching an a__ appropriate__（适当的）age, children are encouraged, but not forced, to ―leave the nest‖.3. Among all the voting people, the great majority agreed to a _abolish____(废除) this kind of cruel punishment as it is against morality.4. It took the authorities a long time to make _ identification __(identify) of the accident victims.5. Supplies may_ fluctuate__(fluctuation) according to seasonal availability but you’ll always find a wide selection.6. The __ extraction__ (extract) of mineral resources from the ground has left huge scars on the landscape.7. The inflation rate cannot be properly __ quantified__(quantity) but the official figure is 46%.8. He is very aggressive, totally _ dominating__(dominant) everyone he works with.9. Many experts gave opinions at the meeting, but u_ ultimately__(最终地) the decision lay with the president before it was released to the public.10. He condemned the w_ wastefulness__(浪费) of having everyone driving around in private cars instead of using public transport.Part IV Sentence translation（句子翻译）A. E-C Translation（英汉翻译）1. But dependency is no vice when the habit is healthful —and you don’t have to be an Olympian to benefit.但依赖性也并非坏事，只要它是有益于健康的—你不必非是个奥运选手才能获益。
科技英语综合练习复习资料(教学相关)
科技英语综合练习复习资料阅读理解Unit 11.The term “games” in game theory all shares the characteristic of______?A.integrityB.interferenceC.interactionD.interdependence参考答案：D2.According to the passage, recent research of game theory lays its emphasis onA.zero-sum gamesB.pure conflictC.pure cooperationpetition and cooperation参考答案：D3.In simultaneous-move games, the player shouldA.watch how the other players respond and then respond in turnB.be conscious of the other players5 current actionsC.be thinking in a linear chain of reasoning and calculate the possible outcomeD.try to select his best response to what the others do参考答案：D4.In the sentence ''Other games were considered in a cooperative form. That is, the participants were supposed to choose and implement their actions jointly”，the underlined word “implement”means .____A.selectB.fulfill 履行C.diversifyD.quantify参考答案：B5.We can infer from “The Prisoner's Dilemma” of game theory that_____:A.it belongs to the so-called zero-sum games because the interests af the prisoners conflict totallyB.an equilibrium can be reached in repeated plays of the game in order to avoid mutual lossC.the prisoners are ignorant about whether their partner cooperates with them or confesses to the authoritiesD.a precondition has been set that each prisoner^ personal best option will turn to ajointly optimal outcome参考答案：B6.According to the authors, which of the following statements il true?A.Nash’s concept of equilibrium addresses the issues of both sequential-move and simultaneous-move games.B.The pursuit of an equilibrium should end up looking for dominant strategies or eliminating dominated players.C.Nash’s concept of equilibrium doesn’t specify the dynamic process which can result in an equilibrium.D.An equilibrium will ultimately be arrived at in simultaneous-move games.参考答案：C7.To keep the rival guessing or losing, the use of mixing moves can be found in ______A.lumberjack chopping woodB.Cortes conquering Mexico in 16th centuryC.Polaroid securing a monopoly marketD.a tennis player hitting a passing shot一个网球运动员参考答案：D8.In the sentence "When we say that an outcome is an equilibrium, there is no presumption that each person's privately best choice will lead to a collectively optimal result”, the underlined word “presumption” means _____.A.hypothesis 假设B.conclusionC.meditationD.anticipation参考答案：A9.Which of the following ways can enhance the credibility of threats and promise to affect the opponent in a strategic interaction?A.Keeping the rival guessing.ing the strategy of brinkmanship.C.Bargaining to have a better outcome.D.Concealing and revealing information.参考答案：B10.In the sentence “A player can use threats and promises to alter other players’expectations of his future actions, and thereby induce them to take actions favorable to him or deter them from making moves that harm him”，the underlined word “deter”means___A.alterB.remindC.stimulateD.prevent 阻止参考答案：DUnit 441.Cable operators can offer their subscribers services like reserving bandwidth for specific application by using _______specification.A.DOCSISB.PCMMC.TDMD.VoIP参考答案：B42.The PCMM standard creates a framework that allows the_________ to control and change the allocated bandwidth for various services.A.cable modemB.record keeping serverC.application managerD.end-user devices参考答案：D43.In the sentence “The seamless Wi-Fi roaming technology would alert the mobile carrier when a user migrates into a Wi-Fi zone”, the underlined word “migrates” meansA.switchesB.residesC.settlesD.dwells参考答案：A44.Which of the following-is a compelling reason for promoting cellular roaming?A.Saving operating expenditure.B.Expanding cell, phone's markets.C.Increasing entertaining functions.D.Improving overall communications. 通信参考答案：D45.Meshed networks are moving toward the concept "________"A.hot spotB.access pointC.metro spot 地铁站点D. network node参考答案：C46.Which of the following is the characteristic of meshed wireless network?A.Self-searching.B.Self-configuring.C.Self-checking.,D.Self-upgrading.参考答案：B47.In the sentence “A hybrid TDM/IP approach can incorporate IP features in conjunction with an existing TDM-based PBX”,the underlined word "hybrid"A.integratedbinedC.relatedD.divided参考答案：B48.What does the IP Centrex service use to provide all the IP calling features to the enterprise customer?A A context switch and feature server architecture.B A softswitch and management server architecture.C A context switch and management server architecture.D. A softswitch and feature server architecture. 软交换和特征服务参考答案：D49.In the sentence “PON has been heralded as the chosen FTTP path for RBOCs”, the underlined word "heralded" means .A.proclaimed 宣告B.advancedC.guidedD.signaled参考答案：A410.The actual number of active devices in an active network is less than ________ more thain those in a passive network.A.1%B.2%C.10%D.20%参考答案：AUnit 661.What is the main point of the article?A.The laws of thermodynamics will eventually cause computer system performance to plateau.B.Reversible computing is inevitable in the near future.C.Reversible computing will unlock the power o f tomorrow’s computing platforms.D.The principles of reversible computing.参考答案：C62.Reversible computers, or adiabatic systems .A.cause existing technology to falterB.are an alternative computing technique 代替计算技术C.are quantum computerse at a steep price参考答案：B63.The core elements to create a fully functional reversible computer system involveA.reversible circuits, reversible power supply and reversible switchesB.reversible power supply and reversible switchesC.reversible circuits, reversible switches and reversible chipsD.reversible circuits, reversible power supply and reversible chips可逆电路、可逆电源、可逆芯片参考答案：D64.Which of the following states why improvements in computing come at a steep price?A.Conventional computing architectures need to be changed.B.Deleting information inevitably produces heat.C.Hardware designs need to be re-engineered.D.Software and development tools need to be re-designed.参考答案：A65.Researchers have been investigating alternative computing techniques such as _______to stave off the problems of conventional computing performance.A.switchesB.routersC.quantum computing 量子计算D.algorithmic-intensive operations参考答案：C66.In the sentence “To stave off these problems, researchers have been investigating alternative com puting techniques”, the underlined phrase-&stave off’ meansA.give way toB.keep offC.reduceD.solve 解决参考答案：D67.Which of the following lists all the fundamental computing performance bottlenecks?A.Hardware and software designs and leakage.B.Tremendous heat dissipation and hardware and software designs.C.Tremendous heat dissipation and thermal noise.1D.Tremendous heat dissipation, thermal noise and leakage.参考答案：D68.Which of the following statements would the author most probably agree withT^dA.Clock speed needs to be reduced to improve the energy efficiency of computing systems.B.A future where systems based on reversible chips become necessary is out of reach.C.Frank’s power supply sparks circuit nodes, to new levels,D.Knight persisted in adiabatic systems, knowing the technology would be, important soon.参考答案：A69.Which of the following statements supports the idea that “the energy consumption of laptops remains the same”?A.Do not confuse adiabatic methods with today’s power-saying features on laptops.B.The computations of laptops may consume less power, but take twice as long to complete.完成C.Overall energy of laptops is conserved since much of the time they are not running.ptops run the idle loop fast, thus laptops might conserve power.参考答案：B610.It can be implied from the passage that______.A.adiabatic systems are more necessary for general-purpose applicationsB.a future where reversible systems become necessary is inevitableC.reversible chips will not be more efficient for practical applications even if optimizedD.Knight is not in favor of adiabatic research参考答案：BUnti 771.In the sentence “As the enterprise considers VoIP and more significantly VoIP over Wi-Fi, the decision to implement location-aware technology will become amatter of legal compliance”, the underlined word “compliance” means _____.A.flexibilitymand 命令C.issueD.assent参考答案：B72.When a caller dials 911, a selective router switch within the phone network sends the call to a local ______A.base stationB.PSAP 公共安全应答站C.access pointD.PSTN参考答案：B73.What is the percentage of people in the U.S. who will get E911 service?A.About 93 percent.B.About 95 percent.C.About 88 percent. 88D.About 79 percent.参考答案：C74.Wireless technologies and VoIP present unique problems for E911 because__________.A.VoIP phone users are usually able to roam in a large areaB.VoIP phones only use base stations to connect to the InternetC.VoIP phones can only work across Wi-Fi networkD.VoIP phones’ area codes are tied to its’ geographic location参考答案：A75.Which of the following is included in the deployment of 911 across cellular networks?A.Phase 0 ensures that E911 calls will get through to a PSAP.B.Phase 1 specifies that VoIP 911 calls will be routed to the local PSAP.C.Phase 2 will bring full E911 services to VoIP across the PSTN.D.Phase 3 will deliver E911 over IP to devices without telephone numbers.参考答案：A76.In the sentence “It could then offset those costs by passing them on to the application service provider, which could in turn charge the end user”, the underlined word “offset” means_______.A.counteractB.softenC.decreaseD.slash参考答案：A77.Which of the following is the advantage of A-GPS over GPS?A.The search time is reduced by 10 to 12 seconds.B.It takes several minutes to get the location information.C.It saves precious battery life for mobile phone users.D.It works equally well both inside and outside buildings.参考答案：C78.Wi-Fi uses_________.A.licensed bandsB.unlicensed bandsC.free bandsD.limited bands参考答案：B79.Which of the following is the function of triangulation?A.To measure the returning signal’s attenuation.B.To emit test signals into the environment.C.To compare multiple signal strengths.D.To account for multiple propagation.参考答案：C710.Which of the following examples shows that location-aware presence improves Wi-Fi security?A.It can locate interlopers penetrating the defenses of the Wi-Fi network.B.Within the Wi-Fi environment, consumers can be directed to restaurants.C.Shipping companies can now track the movement of their vans.D.In hospitals doctors and medical equipment can be quickly located.参考答案：A完形填空Unit 41. A.profits B. handicaps C. benefits促进 D. hindrances2. A. while B. when C. however D. though3. A. everywhere B. anywhere C. however D. though4. A. on B. with C. by D. over5. A. accede B. accelerate促进 C. access D. accept6. A. exceeds超越 B. precedes C. antecedes D. cedes7. A. decline B. arise C. grow种植 D. descend8. A. converting B. converging合并 C. convecting D. convolving9. A. interact B. interaction C. interacting D. interactive互动的10. A. coupling B. couple C. coupled连结的 D. being coupled11. A. potential潜能B. latency C. efficiency D. specialty12. A. but B. however C. therefore D. hence13. A. That B. It C. Which D. What14. A. constitutes构成B. consists C. comprises D. contains15. A. minimum最低限度的B. maximum C. medium D. average16. A. upon B. for C. against反对 D. beneath17. A. nevertheless B. though C. even平的 D. nonetheless18. A. approach B. access接入C. avail D. admission19. A. uncertainty不确定的B. probability C. certainty D. likelihood20. A. survive B. evolve使发展 C. revolve D. extendUnit61. A. on B. to C. for D. at2. A. award B. reward C. awards D. rewards报酬3. A. though B. so C. if D. worse4. A. punishment惩罚B. punish C. information D. judge5. A. detects B. detected C. is detected D. be detected6. A. punished B. unpunished C. punishing D.unpunishing7. A. say B. note记事本 C. understand D. calculate8. A. by accident偶然地B.by instinct C. by intention D. by all accounts9. A. proof B. evidence C. examine D. inspections检查10.A. surrenders B. reasons C. victims受害者D. causes11.A. having to stay B. having stayed C. staying D. of having to stay12.A. cleared B. revealed显示 C. victims D. causes13.A. lying B. untruthful C. dishonest不诚实的D. unhonest14.A. Unlike B. Like C. With D. For15.A. take B. commit犯罪 C. submit D. perform16.A. be charged B. charged C. charge D. charging17.A. depend B. command C. recommend D. demands18.A. exist B. result C. obtain D. gain19.A. hesitate犹豫 B. refuse C. stop D. lost20.A. confident B. private C. confidential机密的D. valuable句子翻译Unit 11.The essence of a game is the interdependence of player strategies.There are two distinct types of strategic interdependence:sequential and simultaneous.博弈的实质是博弈者采取策略之间的相互依赖性。
科技英语综合复习资料
科技英语综合复习资料考试题型：1. 阅读理解，占40分；2. 选择题，20分；3. 完形填空20分；4. 翻译，20分。
Part I Reading ComprehensionDirections:There are twelve passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneIf you have a credit card, you can buy a car, eat a dinner, take a trip, and even get a haircut by charging the cost to your account. In this way you can pay for purchases a month or two later, without any extra charge. Or you may choose to spread out your payments over several months and pay only part of the total amount each month. If you do this, the credit card company or the bank who sponsors the credit card will add a small service charge to your total bill. This is very convenient for the customer. With the credit card in your wallet or purse, you don’t have to carry much cash. This saves your trips to the bank to cash checks or withdraw cash. Also, if you carry credit cards instead of a lot of cash, you don’t have to be concerned about losing your money through carelessness or theft. The card user only has to worry about paying the final bill. This of course can be a problem if you charge more than you can pay for.Credit cards are a big business. Americans spend $16 billion a year on cards and there are already 590 million of them in circulation. Many banks sponsor their own credit companies and issue cards free to their customers. Other credit companies charge their members annual dues. The stores that accept credit cards must pay a small fee to the credit card company — a percentage of purchase price of the merchandise or service. In return, the credit card company promptly pays the store for the merchandise or service. Credit card companies make a profit from the fees they charge the store and also from the fees collected from customers who pay for their charges in monthly installments.However, credit card companies sometimes have problems collecting overdue payments from unreliable customers. Also, the use of stolen, lost, or counterfeit credit cards by criminals has become a big headache for the credit card company that is responsible for the goods and services illegally charged to its customers’ account.Yet, in many ways, the big loser in the credit card system is not the credit card company, the store, or the card user, but rather the general customer. The store makes up for the fees it pays to the credit card company by increasing prices for goods and services. Stores may have more sales if they accept cards, but the added cost to the store when credit cards are accepted instead of cash, is actually passed on to all customers in higher prices. In this way the cash customer suffers for the convenience the credit card customer enjoys.Many feel that it will only be a matter of time before credit cards completely replace cash and checks for both individuals and businesses. In such a credit card economy there would be only one ―super-credit-card-bank-company‖ and each individual would be given his or her card. Each person’s Social Security number would be used as the card number. Firms would use their Federal Identification number. Thus, every individual would be able to pay for everything by credit card —newspapers, cab fares, donations, tools, theater admissions, tuition, children’s allowances, everything. All salary payments would be credited to each individual’s account with the ―super-credit-card-bank-company‖ which would pay one’s bills, deduct state and federal taxes, and deposit what’s left —if anything —into a savings account. Just think of the convenience of getting rid of cash and checks and even eliminating loose change. No need, then, to worry as before, when you wanted to buy a newspaper and you only had a $20 bill.However, with a complete credit card economy, there would still be the problem of thefts of cards, forging of card and lost cards, so the credit card is really not that practical. Something else is needed that is small, always with us, cannot be forged, and easily identifies our account. The answer is your thumbprint; everyone’s thumbprint would be recorded with his or her Social Security number.1. The first paragraph mainly tells us ______.A. how the credit card company worksB. how the credit card company pays the bankC. the advantages of the credit cardD. the disadvantages of the credit card2. According to Paragraph 1, if you have a credit card, you will have to pay a small service charge to ______.A. the credit card companyB. the store where you purchase goodsC. the bank where you deposit moneyD. other customers3. From Paragraph 3 we know that the big loser in the credit card system is ______.A. the general customerB. the storeC. the card userD. the credit card company4. The author thinks that credit cards ______.A. will completely disappear in the futureB. will completely replace cash and checks for both individuals and businesses quicklyC. will completely replace cash and checks for both individuals and businesses sooner or laterD. will not replace cash and checks because there is a matter of time5. From the author’s point of view, the credit card is ______.A. perfect and practicalB. not easily forgedC. still faced with some problems and not so practicalD. more practical than one’s thumbprintPassage TwoSome people argue that the pressure on international sportsmen and sports women kill the essence of sports -- the pursuit of personal excellence. Children kick a football around for fun. When they get older and play for local school teams, they become competitive but they still enjoy playing. The individual representing his country cannot afford to think about enjoying himself; he has to think only about winning. He is responsible for an entire nation's hopes, dream and reputation. A good example is the football World Cup. Football is the world's most important sport. It is even more important now that the United States is seriously taking it up. Winning the World Cup is perhaps the summit of international sporting success. Mention "Argentina‖ to someone and the chances are that he'll think of football. In a sense, winning the World Cup "put Argentina on the map".Sports fans and supporters get quite irrational about the World Cup. People in England felt that their country was somehow important after they won in 1966. Last year thousands of Scots sold their cars, and even their houses, and spent all their money traveling to Argentina, where the finals were played.So, am I arguing that international competition kills the idea of sport? Certainly not! Do the Argentinians really believe that because eleven of their men proved the most skillful at football, their nation is in every sense better than all others? Not really. But it's nice to know that you won, and that in one way at least your country is best.1. What’s the author’s main purpose in the passage ?A) To prove that football is the world's most important sport.B) To show that Argentina is better than all others.C) To compare Scotland with Argentina.D) To explain the role of sport.2. In the second paragraph, the word ―summit‖ means ______.A) highest point B) mountain topC) award D) summary3. According to the passage, Argentina is world-famous because of its ______.A) large number of sports fans and supportersB) success in the football World CupC) obvious position on the mapD) excellence at all important sports4. According to the passage, if a sportsman only thinks about winning, he will ______.A) fail to succeed B) be successfulC) lose enjoyment D) be irrational5. What is the author's attitude towards international games?A) Nations that meet on a football field are unlikely to meet on a battlefield.B) Nations that won football World Cup are regarded best in all aspects.C) Nations that win in international games prove best on the sports field at least.D) Nations that give much attention to international competitions are world-famous in many ways.Passage ThreeAs evidence that the earth’s atmosphere is warming continues to accumulate, scientists are making slow progress toward an answer to the big question raised by the evidence: How much of the warming is due to human activity and how much to natural causes?The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the group of scientists widely considered the most authoritative voice on the subject, has already concluded that there is a ―discernible human influence‖ on the global climate. Now the panel is deep into another of its periodic full-scale scientific assessments of global climate change.Some experts on the problem say the human imprint on climate is becoming clearer, and may even have been the dominant factor in the global warming of recent decades. Not everyone agrees and virtually all experts say that in any case, a reliable estimate of the human imprint’s magnitude still remains some distance off.A number of influences, both natural and man-made, cause the planet’s temperature to vary. The natural ones include changes in solar radiation, and sulfate droplets called aerosols cast aloft by erupting volcanoes, which cool the atmosphere by reflecting sunlight.The human influence stems mostly from emissions of waste industrial gases like carbon dioxide, which trap heat in the atmosphere, and sulfate aerosols from industrial smokestacks.Human factors appeared to be playing a part, but no judgment has been made on whether that part was big, small or in between.One recent piece of evidence suggesting a strong human influence, which seems like to carry some weight with the intergovernmental panel, appeared recently in the journal Nature. Scientists analyzed the global climate record of the last century in an effort to isolate and quantify the major factors producing the century’s rise of about 1 degree Fahrenheit in t he Earth’s average surface temperature.The research team found that in the earlier part of the century, the rise could be explained either by an increase in solar radiation or a combination of stronger solar radiation and heat-trapping greenhouse gases emitted by industrial economies. But they found that after the mid-1970s, when abo ut half the century’s warming took place, that warming resulted largely from the greenhouse gases. Other researchers have lately come to a similar conclusion.―The study represents another jigsaw puzzle piece,‖ said one expert. ―There is still a long way to go in completing the puzzle,‖ he said, ―but we are beginning to see the smile on the face of the Mona Lisa, I think—or perhaps it should be a frown.‖Meanwhile, though, evidence of warming and its effects continues to mount. Earlier this year, scientists at the University of Massachusetts and the University of Arizona reconstructed the average annual surface temperature trend of the Northern Hemisphere for the last 1000 years. While cautioning that margin of error was large enough for render data from the early centuries untrustworthy, they found that 20th century was the warmest of the millennium.This and other analyses have found that the warmest years of all occurred in the 1990s, with 1998 the warmest on record. El Nino, the great pool of warm water in the tropical Pacific Ocean that from time to time heats the atmosphere and disrupts weather patterns, was responsible for some of the 1998 heating. An analysis, however, has shown that when El Nino’s effects are filtered out of the global temperature record statistically, 1998 still ranks as the warmest year.Two studies reported in Nature last month suggest that the warming is being reflected in patterns of wildlife behavior and distribution. In one study, 13 scientists analyzed distribution patterns of 35 species, their range of habitat had shifted northward by 35 to 240 kilometers coincidentally with Europe’s warming trend.In the other study, some British scientists analyzed the nesting habits of 20 species of birds in Britain. They found that, again coincident with a recent warming trend, the birds were laying their eggs earlier in the spring. This is the latest in a series of studies indicating that meteorological spring is coming earlier in the Northern Hemisphere[5]. Some have also shownthat fall is coming later.A third study in Nature reported, on the basis of bubbles of atmospheric gas contained in ice cores extracted from the Antarctic ice sheet, that present-day atmospheric levels of heating-trapping carbon dioxide were higher than at any other time in the last 420000 years. At 360 parts per million, they are 20 percent higher than in any previous warm period between ice ages and double the typical concentrations during an ice age.1. The earth’s atmosphere is warming, ______.A. mainly because of human factorB. mainly because of natural causesC. the reason of which is completely unknownD. which is being studied by scientists2. Maybe sulfate aerosols are all caused by ______.A. erupting volcanoesB. industrial smokestacksC. both A and BD. none of the above3. Which of the following is TRUE?A. About half of the 20th century’s rise in average global climate resulted mostly from the greenhouse gases.B. Half of the 20th century warming took place in the last thirty years.C. The 20th century is the warmest in the last one thousand years.D. All of the above.4. The global climate rise in the earlier part of the 20th century is due to ______.A. an increase in solar radiation onlyB. greenhouse gasesC. eruption of volcanoesD. either an increase in solar radiation or a combination of stronger solar radiation and greenhouse effect5. According to the study of bubbles of atmospheric gas contained in ice cores extracted from the Antarctic ice sheet, we can infer that ______.A. present-day climate is the warmest in historyB. present-day climate is 20 percent hotter than that of the last 420 000 yearsC. present-day climate is twice hotter than that of an ice ageD. in 1998 the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere are the highest on recordPassage FourThe current energy security system was created in response to the 1973 Arab oil embargo to ensure coordination among the industrialized countries in the event of a disruption in supply, encourage collaboration on energy policies, and deter any future use of an ―oil weapon‖ by exporters. Its key elements are the Paris-based International Energy Agency (IEA), whose members are the industrialized countries; strategic stockpiles of oil, including the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserves; continued monitoring and analysis of energy markets and policies; and energy conservation and coordinated emergency sharing of supplies in the event of a disruption. The emergency system was set up to offset major disruptions that threatened the global economy and stability, not to manage prices and the commodity cycle. Since the system’s inception in the 1970s, a coordinated emergency drawdown of strategic stockpiles has occurred only twice: on the eve of the Gulf War in 1991 and in the autumn of 2005 after Hurricane Katrina.Experience has shown that to maintain energy security countries must abide by several principles. The first and most familiar is what Churchill urged more than 90 years ago: diversification of supply. Multiplying one’s supply sources reduces the impact of a disruption in supply from one source by providing alternatives, serving the interests of both consumers and producers, for whom stable markets are a prime concern. But diversification is not enough. A second principle is resilience, a ―security margin‖ in the energy supply system that provides a buffer against shocks and facilitates recovery after disruptions. Resilience can come from many factors, including sufficient spare production capacity, strategic reserves, backup supplies ofequipment, adequate storage capacity along the supply chain, and the stockpiling of critical parts for electric power production and distribution, as well as carefully conceived plans for responding to disruptions that may affect large regions. Hence the third principle: recognizing the reality of integration. There is only one oil market, a complex and worldwide system that moves and consumes about 86 million barrels of oil every day. For all consumers, security resides in the stability of this market. Secession is not an option.A fourth principle is the importance of information. High-quality information underpins well-functioning markets. On an international level, the IEA has led the way in improving the flow of information about world markets and energy prospects. That work is being complemented by the new International Energy Forum, which will seek to integrate information from producers and consumers. Information is no less crucial in a crisis, when consumer panics can be instigated by a mixture of actual disruptions, rumors, and fear. In such situations, governments and the private sector should collaborate to counter panics with high-quality, timely information.As important as these principles are, the past several years have highlighted the need to expand the concept of energy security in two critical dimensions: the recognition of globalization of the energy security system, which can be achieved especially by engaging China and India, and the acknowledgement of the fact that the entire energy supply chain needs to be protected.1. The energy security system was established for the following long-term purpose EXCEPT ______.A. protecting profits of industrialized countries during Arab oil embargoB. making effective coordination among those industrialized countriesC. promoting cooperation in making policies about energyD. preventing oil exporters from using oil as a weapon against other countries2. Which of the following statements about International Energy Agency is NOT true?A. Its headquarter is located in Paris.B. Its members include developed and developing countries.C. It monitors and analyzes the energy market and policies.D. It makes great efforts to save energy and deal with oil disruption.3. The first and foremost thing that both consumers and producers are concerned about is ______.A. various supply sourcesB. stable energy marketsC. the largest profitsD. reasonable prices4. Integration, the third principle to maintain energy security, means to ______.A. recognize the reality of energy shortageB. guarantee the stability of energy marketC. realize the unity of the worldwide marketD. protect one’s independent interests5. The main purpose of this passage is to ______.A. convince readers that energy security is importantB. introduce the major energy organizations of U.S.C. inform readers what the energy security system is likeD. present principles for ensuring energy securityPassage FiveNormally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, thoughthis is not in fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.The Internet seems to have just arrived, so how can we possibly imagine what will replace it? In truth, early versions of the Net have been around since the 1960s and 70s, but only after the mid-1990s did it begin to have a serious public impact. Since 1994, the population of users has grown from about 13 million to more than 300 million around the world.What will the Internet be like 20 years from now?Like the rest of infrastructure, the Internet will eventually seem to disappear by becoming widespread. Most access will probably be via high-speed, low-power radio links. Most handheld, fixed and mobile appliances will be Internet enabled. This trend is already discernible in the form of Internet-enabled cell phones and personal digital assistants. Like the servants of centuries past, our household helpers will chatter with one another and with the outside help.So many appliances, vehicles and buildings will be online by 2020 that it seems likely there will be more things on the Internet than people. Internet-enabled cars and airplanes are coming online, and smart houses are being built every day. Eventually, programmable devices will become so cheap that we will embed them in the cardboard boxes into which we put other things for storage or shipping. These passive ―computers‖ will be activated as they pass sensors and will be able to bo th emit and absorb information. Such innovations will facilitate increasingly automatic manufacturing, inventory control, shipping and distribution. Checkout at the grocery store will be fully automatic, as will payment via your digital wallet.The advent of programmable, mini-scale machines will extend the Internet to things with the size of molecules that can be injected under the skin, leading to Internet-enabled people. Such devices, together with Internet-enabled sensors embedded in clothing, will avoid a hospital stay for medical patients who would otherwise be there only for observation. The speech processor used today in cochlear implants for the hearing impaired could easily be connected to the Internet; listening to Internet radio could soon be a direct computer-to-brain experience!The Internet will undergo substantial alteration as optical technologies allow the transmission of many trillions of bits per second on each Internet’s fiber-optic backbone network. The core of the network will remain optical, and the edges will use a mix of access technologies, ranging from radio and infrared to optical fiber and the old twisted-pair copper telephone lines.By then, the Internet will have been extended, by means of an interplanetary Internet backbone, to operate in outer space.How will this pervasive Internet access affect our daily lives? More and more of the world’s inform ation will be accessible instantly and from virtually anywhere. In an emergency, our health records will be available for remote medical consultation with specialists and perhaps even remote surgery. More and more devices will have access to the global positioning system, increasing the value of geographically indexed databases. Using GPS with speech-understanding software that is emerging today, we will be able to get directions from our Internet as easily as we once got them at a filling station.Is there any downside to a society suffused with information and the tools to process it?Privacy will come at a premium. Enormous quantities of data about our daily affairs will flow across the Internet, working to make our lives easier. Despite our preference for giving up privacy in exchange for convenience, our experiences online may make us yearn for the anonymity of the past. Who should have access to our medical records and our financial information, and how will that access be controlled? Will we be able to search and use the vast information stored online without leaving trails across the Net? How will business transactions be taxed, and in what jurisdictions will disputed electronic transactions be resolved? How will intellectual property be protected? How will we prove that contracts were signed on a certain date, or that their terms and conditions have not been electronically altered? There are technical answers for many of these questions, but some will require international agreements before they can be resolved.Perhaps even more daunting, in the face of Internet-wide virus attacks, is the realization that we will depend in larger and larger measure on the network’s functioning reliably. Making this system of millions of networks robust is a challe nge for the present generation of Internet engineers. But I am an optimist and believe we are going to live in a world abundantwith information and with the tools needed to use it wisely.1. The main idea the author tries to convey is that ______.A. the Internet has already arrivedB. the Internet began to have a serious impact in 1990sC. the Internet is getting more and more popularD. the Internet is developing fast ever since its appearance2. The Internet might seem to disappear because most access to the Internet is probably realized by ______.A. high-speed, low-power radio linksB. handheld mobile appliancesC. internet-enabled cell phonesD. personal digital assistants3. The Internet will have a significant change thanks to optical technology, which ______.A. will make the Internet access more flexibleB. will make the Internet transmission more rapidlyC. will make the Internet communication more convenientD. will make the Internet more useful in our life4. The primary concern of online experience is ______.A. privacyB. convenienceC. pricingD. conflict5. The author’s attitude toward the future of the Internet is ______.A. doubtfulB. cheerfulC. biasedD. depressedPassage SixI spent some of the most exciting days of my life wor king on the eastern shores of Kenya’s Lake Turkana, searching for the fossilized remains of our early ancestors. We did not always find what we wanted, but every day there was much more to discover than the traces of our own predecessors. The fossils, some quite complete, others mere fragments, spoke of another world in which the ancestors of many of today’s African mammals roamed in the rich grassland and forest fringes between 1.5 million and 2 million years ago. The environment was not too different from the wetter grasslands of Africa today, but it was full of amazing animals that are now long extinct.One in particular I would have loved to see alive was a short-necked giraffe relative that had huge ―antlers‖, some with a span across the horns of close to almost 3 meters. There were buffalo-size antelopes with massive curving horns, carnivores that must have looked like saber-toothed lions, two distinct species of hippo and at least two types of elephants. We may never know the full extent of this incredible mammalian diversity, but there were probably more than twice as many species a million years ago as there are today.That was true not just for Africa. The fossil record tells the same story everywhere. Most of life’s experiments have ended in extinction. It is estimated that more than 95% of the species that have existed over the past 600 million years are gone.So, should we be concerned about the current spasm of extinction, which has been accelerated by the inexorable expansion of agriculture and industry? Is it necessary to try to slow down a process that has been going on forever?I believe it is. We know that the well-being of human race is tied to the well-being of many other species, and we can’t be sure which species are most important to our own survival.But dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter, since much of the world’s biodiversity resides in its poorest nations, especially in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Can such countries justify setting aside national parks and nature reserves where human encroachment and even access is forbidden? Is it legitimate to spend large sums of money to save。
科技英语试题及答案
科技英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "nanotechnology" refers to the manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale.A. TrueB. False2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of renewable energy sources?A. Infinite in supplyB. Environmentally friendlyC. Dependent on weather conditionsD. Non-renewable3. The process of converting solar energy into electrical energy is known as:A. SolarizationB. Photovoltaic effectC. Solar distillationD. Thermal radiation4. In the context of computer science, what does "AI" stand for?A. Artificial IntelligenceB. Advanced InterfaceC. Automated InputD. Application Interface5. The term "genome" is associated with:A. The complete set of genes in an organismB. The structure of a cellC. The study of geneticsD. The process of cell division6. What is the primary function of a transistor in an electronic circuit?A. To amplify signalsB. To store dataC. To convert light into electricityD. To filter signals7. The "Internet of Things" (IoT) refers to:A. A network of interconnected devicesB. The global network of computersC. A collection of internet protocolsD. The study of internet security8. Which of the following is a type of biotechnology?A. Genetic engineeringB. Quantum computingC. NanolithographyD. Nuclear fusion9. The "Greenhouse Effect" is related to:A. The warming of the Earth's surfaceB. The cooling of the Earth's surfaceC. The process of photosynthesisD. The formation of the ozone layer10. What does "CRISPR" stand for in the field of molecular biology?A. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic RepeatsB. Computer-Aided Research in Scientific ProjectsC. Comprehensive Research in Innovative ScienceD. Computational Research in Systematic Processes二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）1. The unit of electrical resistance is the ______.2. The process of converting sound waves into electrical signals is known as ______.3. In physics, the term "entropy" is used to describe the level of ______ in a system.4. The study of the chemical composition of planets is known as ______.5. The term "cybersecurity" refers to the protection of______ from cyber threats.6. The process of converting electrical energy into light is known as ______.7. The smallest unit of life that can replicate itself is called a ______.8. The process of creating new substances from existing ones is known as ______.9. The study of the structure and function of cells is known as ______.10. The process of converting light energy into chemical energy is known as ______.三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）1. Explain the concept of "machine learning" in artificialintelligence.2. Describe the role of a semiconductor in modern electronics.3. What is the significance of biodiversity in the context of environmental science?4. Discuss the potential impact of nanotechnology on medicine.四、论述题（共40分）1. Discuss the ethical considerations involved in the development and use of genetic engineering technologies. (20分)2. Analyze the potential benefits and challenges of implementing a global Internet of Things (IoT) network. (20分)答案：一、选择题1. A2. D3. B4. A5. A6. A7. A8. A9. A10. A二、填空题1. ohm2. transduction3. disorder4. cosmochemistry5. information systems6. electroluminescence7. cell8. synthesis9. cytology10. photosynthesis三、简答题1. Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that enables computers to learn from and make decisions based on data, improving at tasks over time through experience without being explicitly programmed.2. Semiconductors are materials with electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. They arecrucial in electronic devices like transistors and diodes, allowing for the control of electrical current and the amplification of signals.3. Biodiversity is significant in environmental science as it ensures the stability of ecosystems, supports ecological processes, and provides a variety of services and resources that are vital for human survival and well-being.4. Nanotechnology has the potential to。
西南交通大学研究生 科技英语翻译 期末复习题
科技英语翻译联系200句1.To transmit electromagnetic waves takes energy.传送电磁波需要能量2.Chemical control will do most of things in pest control.化学防治能在病虫害防治中起主要作用。
3.It is not until wires are connected that the path is completed.直到导线接上以后，此电路才接通。
4.The odds are heavily against any man being able to do the work in the field of abstract theory that Einstein is doing.对任何能从事爱因斯坦正在进行的抽象理论研究的人来说，条件都是极为不利的。
5.Oscillator design is of an art rather than an exact science.与其说振荡器的设计是一门严谨的科学，不如说它是一门艺术。
6.A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed.发现迅速减少到（了）1/7。
7.Birds and animals which hunt at night have eyes which contain few or no cones at all,so they cannot see colors.凡是夜间觅食的飞禽走兽，因为眼睛中的视维细胞数量极少或根本没有，所以不能辨别颜色。
8.Tsunami is sometimes powerful enough to destroy a coastwise building it strikes.海啸有时威力很大，足可摧毁它所冲击的沿岸的建筑物。
9.Not everybody is convinced the Leaning Tower of Pisa really can be saved.并非每个人都相信比萨斜塔真的能免于坍塌。
科技英语期末复习
现代科技英语期末复习——世界因你不同！曾考过的中译英词义 单词 词义 单词半导体 数字通信 数字信号处理semiconductor digital communication digital signal processing低功率发射机 星座 多媒体low-power transmitter constellation multimedia数字信号处理器 微型处理器 中央处理器 虚拟现实 伪随机码 跛脚鸭 工作站 基础设施 蜂窝（移动）通信 操作系统 无缝接续 定时 电路 载波 电压 电流 直流电 相位 超级计算机 参铒放大器digital signal processor microprocessor central processing unit virtual reality Pseudo Random Code lame duck workstation infrastructure cellular (tele)communication operating system seamless continuation timing circuit carrier-wave voltage electric current direct current (D.C.) phase supercomputer erbium-dropped amplifier时隙 同步化 切换，转接 时分多址 码分多址 频分复用 调制解调器 调制器 解调器 调制 解调 中继器、枢纽站 对……做三角测量 电视会议 病毒 打印机 打字员 核反应堆 核反应 侦听、偷听time slot synchronize hand-off time-division multiple-access code-division multiple-access frequency-division multiplex modem modulator demodulator modulate demodulate junction triangulate videoconference virus printer typer nuclear reactor nuclear reaction eavesdrop1/4现代科技英语期末复习——世界因你不同！词义 单词发射机 产品原型transmitter prototype曾考过的英译中单词 词义 单词 词义real estate real estate agent ionosphere troposphere magnetosphere radioisotope thermal equilibrium equalizer network security download selective breeding hybridization video traffic房地产、不动产 房地产代理人 电离层 对流层 磁层 放射性同位素 热平衡 均衡器 网络安全 下载 选种、选育 杂交 视频流量interface access network book-keeping interaction license joint-venture genetic engineering microchip decoder encoder database radio propagate cellular phone接口 接入网 簿记员 交互式的 执照、许可证 合资企业 基因工程 微芯片 解码器 编码器 数据库 无线电传播 手机/ handset audio traffic magnetic drum magnetic tape revenue customized high-fidelity high-resolution hig- definition astrobiology 音频流量 磁鼓 磁带 收益、税收 用户定制的 高保真的 高分辨率的 高清晰的 天体生物学 programming language interference receiver simulation charity electronic circuit nutrition entertainment industry landmark2/4程序语言 干扰 接收机 仿真 慈善业 电子线路 营养 娱乐业 里程碑现代科技英语期末复习——世界因你不同！单词 词义exobiology discrepancy echocardiogram hacker time-invariant liner system coherent detection micro cell analog signal digital signal analog communication digital communication velocity near infrared far infrared外空生物学 差异，不一致 回声心电图 黑客 时不变 线性系统 相干检测 微蜂窝 模拟信号 数字信号 模拟通信 数字通信 速率 近红外线的 远红外线的其他词汇单词 词义 单词 词义parallel processor bacterium transgenic organism naval-propulsion reactor radioactive facility thermal reactor chief executive officer cellular telecommunication telecommunications network并行处理器 细菌（pl. bacteria） 转基因生物 海军动力反应堆 放射性设备 热反应堆 首席执行官 蜂窝移动通信 电信网navigation high definition television teleconferencing freeze-frame fiber optic cable agricultural meteorology voice communication electronic bulletin board beeper3/4导航 高清晰电视 （HDTV） 电信会议 固定帧 光缆 农业气象学 声音通信 电子公告栏 寻呼机现代科技英语期末复习——世界因你不同！单词 词义antenna voice encoder dual-mode encryption eavesdrop data transmission observatory query language modeling telecommute telecommuter get by universal gravitation Global Positioning System天线 声码器 双制式的 加密 偷听 数据传输 天文台 查询语言 建模 通过电子设备通勤通过电子设备通勤的人将就着过了 万有引力 全球定位系统（GPS）仅供参考！整理：华晨4/4。
科技英语—3-11章总复习题剖析
第3章总复习题1.Other factors affect the configuration of the total system.另一些因素则将影响整个系统的结构。
2.In normal flight the hatch doors fair into the fuselage.飞行正常时，舱门与机身平整贴合。
3.Energy can neither be created, nor destroyed by any means known to man.用人们已知的方法，既不能创造能量也不能消灭能量。
4.It is customary to refer to design levels as high or low on component complexity.习惯上根据部件的复杂程度把设计级称为高设计级和低设计级。
5.The main economy of the system stems from the ability to move cars in a continuous train without uncoupling.此系统的主要经济之处在于它能移动列车的车厢而不必将它们脱钩分开。
6.He is a stranger to the operation of the electronic computer.他对电子计算机的操作是陌生的。
7.A key element in system capacity planning is the financial cost of performance.系统能力计划中关键因素是性能的金融成本。
8.The assembler can expand the key words in the assembly code into their full instruction set.这种汇编程序能把汇编码中的关键字扩展成完整的指令集。
9.The flame does not touch the flask directly.火焰没有直接接触烧瓶。
高中英语科技类练习题20题含答案解析
高中英语科技类练习题20题含答案解析1.The new smartphone has a powerful processor and a high-resolution camera. What's more, it has a long battery life. This smartphone is an example of________.A.technological advancementB.technological regressionC.technological stagnationD.technological decline答案解析：A。
选项A“technological advancement”意为“技术进步”，符合题干中对新智能手机强大处理器、高分辨率相机和长续航电池的描述，是科技进步的体现。
选项B“technological regression”是“技术倒退”；选项C“technological stagnation”是“技术停滞”；选项D“technological decline”是“技术衰退”，这三个选项均不符合题干对新智能手机的描述。
本题考查科技类词汇的理解和运用。
2.Technology has greatly changed our lives. We can now communicate with people around the world in seconds. This is mainly due to________.A.invention of the telephoneB.invention of the computerC.development of the internetD.development of the television答案解析：C。
选项C“development of the internet”（互联网的发展）使得我们可以在几秒钟内与世界各地的人交流。
科技英语试题(带答案)(可编辑修改word版)
e of English1.—Good-bye and thank you very much for a wonderful time. — A . Hope to see you again.A.Thank you for your comingB. Not at allC. It was nothingD. Never mind2.—I’m sorry. I lost the key. — AA.Well, it’s OK.B. No, it’s all right.C. You are welcome.D. You are wrong.3.—I’m so sorry for stepping on your foot. — A .A.That’s all rightB. No, it’s my faultC. You didn’t hurt me at allD. Yes, don’t worry about it4.—Paul, B ? —Oh, that’s my father! And beside him, my mother.A.what is the person over thereB. who’s talking over thereC. what are they doingD. which is that5.—Could I speak to Don Watkins, please? — CA.I’m listeningB. Oh, how are you?C. Speaking, please.D. I’m Don.6.— Would you rather come on Friday or Saturday? — DA.Yes, of course.B. The other is better.C. What’s the matter?D. Either would suit me.7.—Would you mind if I turned the radio up？— B .A.Yes, pleaseB. No, go aheadC. No, thank youD. Yes, that’ll be right8.— C —He teaches physics in a school.A.What does your father want to do?B. Who is your father?C. What is your father?D. Where is your father now?9.— I wonder what the weather will be like tomorrow. — DA.I don’t like the weather at this time of the year.B.I don’t mind if it is going to rain tomorrow.C.Why read the newspaper yourself?D.Let’s listen to the weather report on the radio at ten.10.—Why didn’t you come to my birthday party yesterday? — DA.Excuse me, my friend sent me a flower.B. Fine, I never go to birthday parties.C. Ha…ha, I don’t like birthday parties.D. Sorry, but my wife had a car accident11.—Thank you for inviting me. — DA.I really had a happy time.B. Oh, it’s too lateC. Oh, so slowly?D. Thank you for coming12.— C . —It’s nothing to worry about. I never liked it anyway.A.I lost my walkman this morningB.I feel awful. I’ve got a coldC.I feel terrible, but I’ve left your tape somewhereD.I’m sorry, but we don’t have that medicine13.—We are going to London for holiday next week. Would you mind taking care of my garden while we’re away？—Not at all. C .A.Sorry, I have no timeB. I’d rather notC. With pleasureD. No, I wouldn’t14.— B —Well, they got there last Wednesday. So about a week.A.When did your parents arrive at Paris?B.How long have your parents been in Paris?C.Did your parents arrive at Paris last Wednesday?D.When will your parents go to Paris?15.— Do you feel like taking a walk in the park? — C .A.You may ask your brother to go, tooB.Yes, but I can’t afford the timeC.No, I’m really not in the mood for it this eveningD.No, I’d like it16.—Hi, welcome back! Had a nice trip? — AA.Oh, fantastic! Fresh air, and sunshine every day.e on, I’ve got lots of fun.C.By the way, I don’t like Saturdays.D.Well, I’ll look forward to your phone call.17.—Oh, sorry to bother you. — CA.That’s good.B. No, you can’t.C. That’s Okay.D. Oh, I don’t know.18.— Jane: Tom, let me introduce you to Lucy. — Tom: B —Lucy: Hi, I’m Lucy Lee.A.What’s your name?B. Hello.C. Nice to see you.D. Sorry, not right now.19.—Would you like to have dinner with me this Saturday, Mr. Wang? — C .A.Oh, no. Let’s notB. I’d rather stay at homeC. I’d love to, but I have a meeting that dayD. Thank you20.—How often do you go dancing? — CA.I will go dancing tomorrow.B. Yesterday.C. Every other day.D. I’ve been dancing for a year.21.—You’ve won the football game. Congratulations! — A .A.It’s nice of you to say soB. We are really luckyC. No one else could do itD. Oh, not really22.—Marilyn, I’m afraid I have to be leaving now. — BA.That sounds wonderful.B. Oh, so early?C. Not at all.D. Good luck!23.—I was worried about my maths, but Mr. Brown gave me an A. — BA.Don’t worry about it.B. Congratulations! That’s a difficult course.C. Mr. Brown is very good.D. Good luck to you!24.—What’s happened to my library books? — A .A.I’ve no ideaB. You borrowed them from the libraryC. You bought them yesterdayD. They’re about wild animals25.—Mike, I am going to skate in the mountains tomorrow. —Oh, really？ C .A.Good luckB. Thank youC. Have a good timeD. Congratulations26.—How about going to dinner at the Mexican restaurant tonight? — CA.Forget it.B. Sorry, I like Mexican food.C. That’s great!D. Glad you like it.27.— My children are always arguing. — AA.Just leave them alone.B. That’s right.C. Are you sure?D. How old are the boys?28.—I wonder if I could use your dictionary？—Sure. B .A.Go onB. Here you areC. Go upD. Here are you29.—Madam, do all the buses go downtown? — DA.Wow, you got the idea.B. No, never mind.C. Pretty well, I guess.D. Sorry, I’m new here.30.— Where is Tom this morning? —He’s got a cold. — AA.Just tell him to take it easy.B. What’s the matter with him?C. He is absent.D. What? Where is he?II.Reading ComprehensionPassage 1Pigeons have been used as messengers for 500 years, because of their special ability to find home. The mystery of the homing pigeon is on how it navigates and how it finds home. We now know that there are two ways that pigeons tell directions. First, they use the sun. Just getting rough directions from the sun is easy. However, getting accurate directions from the sun takes more care. To tell direction accurately from the sun, one needs to know the exact time.All plants and animals seem to have built-in clocks. Usually these biological clocks are not quite exact in measuring time. However, they work pretty well, because they are “reset” every day, maybe when the sun gets up.Do pigeons use their biological clocks to help them find direction from the sun? We can experiment to find out. We can keep pigeons in a room lighted only by lamps. And we can time the lighting to make their artificial “days” start at some different time from the rea l outside day. After a while we have shifted their clocks. Now we take them far away from home and let them go on a sunny day. Most of them start out as if they know just which way to go, but choose a wrong direction. They have picked a direction that would be correct for the position of the sun and the time of day according to their shifted clocks.The above experiment shows that homing pigeons can tell directions by the sun. What happens when the sky is darkly overcast by clouds and no one can see where the sun is? The pigeons still find their way home. So it seems that pigeons also have some extra sense of direction from the earth’s magnetic field when they cannot see the sun.1.Pigeons have been used as messengers, for they have special ability B .A.to send lettersB. to find homeC. to carry food for menD. to lead the way for people2.The secret of the homing pigeons is B .A.how they find foodB. how they find homeC. how they take a letterD. how they take care of children3.All plants and animals reset their biological clocks when A .A.the sun risesB. the sun setsC. the moon risesD. the moon sets4.The experiment tells us that the pigeons fly C because of the shifted biological clocks.A.in a wrong directionB. in a correct directionC. in all directionsD. in a circle5.Pigeons have C to tell the direction when it is cloudy by using the earth’s magnetic field.A.sharp eyesB. sensitive hearingC. sense of directionD. brain wavesPassage 2The speaker, a teacher from a community college, addressed a sympathetic audience. Heads nodded in agreement when he said, "High school English teachers are not doing their jobs." He described the inadequacies of his students, all high school graduates who can use language only at a grade 9 level. I was unable to determine from his answers to my questions how this grade 9 level had been established.My topic is not standards nor its decline (降低). What the speaker was really saying is that he is no longer young; he has been teaching for sixteen years, and is able to think and speak like a mature adult.My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable. It is also human nature to look for the reasons for our dissatisfaction. Before English became a school subject in the late nineteenth century, it was difficult to find the target of the blame for language deficiencies (缺陷). But since then, English teachers have been under constant attack.The complainers think they have hit upon an original idea. As their own command of the language improves, they notice that young people do not have this same ability. Unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generation of young people must be hopeless in this respect. To the eyes and ears of sensitive adults the language of the young always seems inadequate.Since this concern about the decline and fall of the English language is not perceived as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to today's young people, it naturally follows that today's English teachers cannot be doing their jobs. Otherwise, young people would not commit offenses against the language.6.The speaker the author mentioned in the passage believed that D .A.the language of the younger generation is usually inferior to that of the older generationB.the students had a poor command of English because they didn't work hard enoughC.he was an excellent language teacher because he had been teaching English for sixteen yearsD.English teachers should be held responsible for the students' poor command of English7.In the author's opinion, the speaker B .A.gave a correct judgment of the English level of the studentsB.had exaggerated the language problems of the studentsC.was right in saying that English teachers were not doing their jobsD.could think and speak intelligently8.The author's attitude towards the speaker's remarks is C .A.neutralB. positiveC. criticalD. compromising9.It can be concluded from the passage that D .A.it is justifiable to include English as a school subjectB.the author disagrees with the speaker over the stadard of English at Grade 9 levelC.English language teaching is by no means an easy jobnguage improvement needs time and effort10.In the passage the author argues that A .A.it is unfair to blame the English teachers for the language deficiencies of the studentsB.young people would not commit offences against the language if the teachers did their jobs properlyC.to eliminate language deficiencies one must have sensitive eyes and earsD.to improve the standard of English requires the effort of several generationsPassage 3Is there a “success personality”— some winning combination of qualities that leads almost inevitably to achievement? If so, exactly what is that secret success formula, and can anyone cultivate it?At the Gallup Organization we recently focused in depth on success, probing the attitudes and qualities of 1 500 prominent people selected at random from Who’s Who in America. Our research finds out a number of qualiti es that occur regularly among top achievers. Here is one of the most important, that is, common sense.Common sense is the most prevailing quality possessed by our respondents(回答者). Seventy-nine percent award themselves a top score in this category. And 61 percent say that common sense was very important in contributing to their success.To most, common sense means the ability to present sound, practical judgments on everyday affairs. To do this, one has to sweep aside extraneous ideas and get right to the core of what matters. A Texas oil and gas businessman puts it this way: “The key abi lity for success is simplifying. In conducting meetings and dealing with industry, reducing a complex problem to the simplest terms is highly imp ortant.”Is common sense a quality a person is born with, or can you do something to increase it? The oil man’s answer is that common sense can definitely be developed. He attributes his to learning how to debate in school. Another way to increase your store of common sense is to observe it in others, learning from their — and your own — mistakes.Besides common sense, there are many other factors that influence success: knowing your field, self-reliance, intelligence, the ability to get things done, leadership, creativity, relationships with others, and of course, luck. But common sense stands out. If you cultivate these qualities, you’ll succeed. And you might even find yourself listed in Who’s Who someday.11.It can be known from the passage that Who’s Who C .A.is a very useful book telling us how to succeedB.is a book providing us with the information about the family life of some famous peopleC.is a book providing us with the names and brief biographies of the top successful peopleD.is a book from which we can find out the names of different peoples in the world12.According to the author, common sense B .A.is something that common people like bestB.is something that enables one to form correct opinionsC.is a popular quality a person is born withD.is a quality that is possessed by common people13.The word“extraneous” in Paragraph 4 most probably means D .A.rightB. extraordinaryC. clearD. not related14.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor for success? BA.Intelligence.B. Modesty.C. Creativity.D. Good luck.15.The passage is mainly concerned with D .anizational ability and good work habitsB.the way to obtain big profits and achieve fame and successC.knowledge and interest which are primary to successD.what successful people have in commonPassage 4Baekeland and Hartmann report that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.In general, these “short sleeps” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, conformist(不动摇) in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their friends and associates.Wh en asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In s imilar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patien ts categorized as manic(疯人).The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps s ince childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers.”Many of the “long sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted (内向), inhibited (压抑), passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves (particularly in social situations). Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.16.According to the report, D.A.many short sleepers need less sleep by natureB.many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because they are busy with their workC.long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the dayD.many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood17.Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that C .A.sleep is a withdrawal from the realityB.sleep interferes with their sound judgementC.sleep is the least expensive item on their routine programD.sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles18.It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers B .A.are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of lifeB.often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleepC.do not know how to relax properlyD.are more unlikely to run into mental problems19.When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers might A .A.appear disturbedB. become energeticC. feel dissatisfiedD. be extremely depressed20.Which of the following is Not included in the passage? BA.If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and his memory is weakenedB.The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the sane as those shown by many mental patientsC.Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleepD.Short sleepers would be better off with more restPassage 5Not so long ago almost any student who successfully completes a university degree or diploma course could find a good career quite easily. However, those days are gone, even in Hong Kong, and nowadays graduates often face strong competition in the search for jobs.Job seekers first have to make a careful assessment of their own abilities. One area of assessment should be of their academic qualifications, which would include special skills within their subject area. Graduates should also consider their own personal values and attitudes, or the relative importance to themselves of such matters as money, security, leadership and caring for others.The second stage is to study the opportunities available for employment and to think about how the general employment situation is likely to develop in the future. After studying all the various options, they should be in a position to make informed comparisons between various careers.Job application forms and letters should, of course, be filled in carefully and correctly, without grammar or spelling errors.When graduates are asked to attend for interview, they should prepare properly by finding out all they can about the prospective employer. Dressing suitably and arriving for the interview on time are also obviously important. Interviewees should try to give positive and helpful answers and should not be afraid to ask questions about anything they are unsure about. This is much better than pretending to understand a question and giving an unsuitable answer.There will always be good career opportunities for people with ability, skills and determination; the secret to securing a good job to be one of them.21.In Paragraph 1, the sentence “… those days are gone, even in Hong Kong…”s uggest that D .A.Hong Kong is no longer the good place for finding jobsB.nowadays, everyone in Hong Kong has an equal chance of finding a good careerC.it used to be harder to find a good job in Hong Kong than in other countries.D.in the past, finding a good career was easier in Hong Kong than elsewhere22.The word “relative” in Paragraph 2 could best be replaced by “ B ”.A.familyB. comparativeC. considerateD. slight23.The advice given in the first sentence of Paragraph 3 is to B .A.find out what jobs are available and the opportunities for future promotionB.examine the careers available and how these will be affected in the futureC.look at the information on and probable future location of various careersD.study the opportunities and the kinds of training that will be available24.The word “prospective” in Paragra ph 5 is closest in meaning to “ C ”.A.generousB. reasonableC. futureD. ambitious25.In paragraph 5, the writer seems to suggest that C .A.interviewees should ask a question if they can’t think of an answerB.pretending to understand a question is better than giving an unsuitable answerC.it is better for interviewees to be honest than to pretend to understandD.it is not a good idea for interviewees to be completely honest in their answersPassage 6Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: those international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourage international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests.One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation after the hockey final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents’ victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage when he said, “This wasn’t hockey. Hock ey and the International Hockey Federation are finished.” The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at le ast two years.The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disturbance. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into basket. It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then voted for not to receive the silver medals.Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or in non-national team, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.26.According to the author, recent Olympic Games have C.A.created good will between the nationsB.bred only false national prideC.barely showed any international friendshipD.led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred27.What did the manager mean by saying “… Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finis hed.”BA.His team would no longer take part in the international games.B.Hockey and the Federation are both ruined by the unfair decisions.C.There should be no more hockey matches organized by the Federation.D.The Federation should be dissolved.28.The basketball example implied that A .A.too much patriotism was displayed in the incident.B.the announcement to prolong the match was wrongC.The appeal jury was too hesitant in making the decisionD.the American team was right in rejecting the silver medals29.The author gives the two examples in Paragraph 2 and 3 to show C .A.how false national pride led to undesirable incidents in international gamesB.that sportsmen have been more obedient than they used to beC.that competitiveness in the games discourages international friendshipD.that unfair decisions are common in Olympic Games30.What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?DA.International contests are liable for misunderstanding between nations.B.Athletes should compete as individuals in the Olympic Games.C.Sport should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game.D.The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved.III.Vocabulary and Structure1.It is just as hard to persuade my wife not to dance _B to keep me from the football field.A.so it isB. as it isC. so is itD. as is it2.The committee B different opinions about the financial help given to the workers.A.hasB. haveC. havingD. having had3.Nothing is A time; yet nothing is less valued.A.more precious thanB. less precious thanC. most preciousD. as precious as4. A you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.A.Now thatB. AfterC. AlthoughD. As soon as5.Not only I but also Jane and Mary B tired of having one examination after another.A.isB. areC. amD. be6.The child felt there was no one he could turn A with his problem.A.toB. forC. onD. at7. A from the top of the mountain, the whole city looks beautiful.A.SeenB. SeeingC. SeeD. Looked8.Traveling abroad will broaden your C and help you to understand the world.A.rangeB. sightC. horizonD. vision9.In all English towns there is a speed limit of 30 miles an hour, B ?A.is thereB. isn’t thereC. is itD. isn’t it10.No sooner had he left B the police arrived.A.whenB. thanC. thenD. before11. D the expense, I a round-the-world tour.A.Were it not … would takeB. If it were not… takeC. Weren’t it for… will takeD. If it hadn’t been for… would have taken12.As a part-time job, I worked in a small beachside restaurant during the college C .A.scopeB. scheduleC. vacationD. vocation13.The mountain village is my hometown. I spent C merry night there when I was young.A.a great manyB. plenty ofC. many aD. a great deal14. B the cold wind, they went out without their coats.A.DespiteB. In spiteC. AlthoughD. Unless15.Ellis Haizlip began his stage career in Washington, D.C., _D supervised the Howard University Players during their summer season.A.he wasB. where he was C .which he D. where he16.Never before A won gold medals in the Olympic Games.A.have so many Chinese athletesB. so many Chinese athletes haveC. have such many Chinese athletesD. such many Chinese athletes have17.Those A to go to the exhibition should inform the office.A.not wantingB. who not wantC. not wantedD. are not want18.What did the teacher C us to do tonight as our homework?A.allowB. permitC. assignD. resign19. C impressed the visitors deeply was the workers made with their hands.A.What…thatB. That…thatC. What…whatD. That…what20.People of B backgrounds applied for the job.A.manyB. variousC. variableD. a lot of21. C scenery in national parks is usually attractive.A.AB. AnC. TheD. One22.They felt inferior D the others until the team’s international success made them proud of themselves.A.thanB. forC. withD. to23.With the shining water before you and the wind B , trees behind you, you can not help .A.blown … but feel relaxedB. blowing … feeling relaxedC. blown … but feel relaxingD. blowing … but feel relaxing24. B we need more practice is quite clear.A.WhatB. ThatC. WhichD. When25._B he was ill, I was expected to take his place greatly surprised me for I didn’t have much working experience.A.IfB. That ifC. ThatD. If that26.Many people around tried to D the boy who fell into the river, but in vain.A.preventB. deliverC. releaseD. rescue27.Recent estimates show that _C more than two million bird-watchers in the United States.A.there are amongB. are there theC. there areD. among the .28.I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into D when judging my examination.A.observationB. countingC. regardD. account29.Peter and Bob both did well, but Peter is _D of the two.A.more talentedB. the most talentedC. most talentedD. the more talented30.The young man had A great hardships before he grew into a real army man.A.undergoneB. underestimatedC. underlinedD. undertaken31.Some people hold that the more conservative the world becomes, B have old furniture, old houses and old paintings.A.the smarter is toB. the smarter it is toC. is it the smarter soD. is one to the smarter32.The village B my mother grew up in is not far from the city.A.whatB. whichC. where D wherever33. A that Mr Thomson got such rare fishes ?A.When and where was itB. When and where it wasC. Was it when and whereD. When and where were it34.The child is unhappy with the restrictions B on him by his parents.A.imposingB. imposedC. exposingD. exposed35.She was just about to explain D_ she hadn’t passed her maths test chiefly out of carelessness her uncle came.A.her mother … whenB. to her mother why … thatC. her mother that … whenD. to her mother that … when36.Yesterday I went to the office and got my passport C .A.to changeB. changeC. changedD. changing37.——Will you be able to finish the job this week?—— D .A.I can’t say itB. I don’t know thatC. I’m not sure thisD. I don’t expect so38.Is this museum D you visited a few days ago?A.whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one39.It was dark and cold. They had to find a house A and some wood .A.to stay in…to make a fire withB. to stay…to make a fire withC. to stay in…to make a fireD. to stay…to make a fire40.Do you remember those days C we spent along the seashore very happily?A.whoB. whereC. whichD. when41.The newspaper’s owner and editor _A away on holiday.。
高中英语科技类练习题20题含答案解析
高中英语科技类练习题20题含答案解析1.Scientists are constantly looking for new ways to solve problems. This shows the importance of _____.A.technologyB.traditionC.cultureD.history答案解析：A。
题干中提到科学家不断寻找新方法解决问题，这体现了科技的重要性。
选项B“tradition”传统；选项C“culture”文化；选项D“history”历史，均与题干中科技发展的场景不符。
2.With the development of technology, our lives have become much _____.A.easierB.harderC.busierD.slower答案解析：A。
随着科技的发展，我们的生活变得更加容易。
选项B“harder”更艰难；选项C“busier”更忙碌；选项D“slower”更缓慢，均不符合科技发展使生活变好的主题。
3.New technologies are often used to improve _____.A.healthcationC.environmentD.economy答案解析：B。
新技术经常被用来改善教育。
选项A“health”健康；选项C“environment”环境；选项D“economy”经济，在题干中科技发展和创新的场景下，新技术改善教育更为贴切。
4.Smartphones are an example of modern _____.A.inventionsB.discoveriesC.creationsD.innovations答案解析：D。
智能手机是现代创新的一个例子。
选项A“inventions”发明；选项B“discoveries”发现；选项C“creations”创造，而“innovations”更强调创新，符合智能手机作为科技产品不断创新的特点。
实用科技英语期末考试试题
实用科技英语期末考试试题Part I: Vocabulary and Grammar (20 points)1. Choose the best word to complete the sentence. (5 points) - The new smartphone has a high-resolution camera that can capture images in _______ detail.a) vividb) precisec) intricated) elaborate2. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. (5 points)- The software (to develop) for the past year is now ready for beta testing.3. Rewrite the following sentence in the passive voice. (5 points)- The engineers will install the new computer system in the office tomorrow.4. Identify the grammatical error in the sentence below and provide the correct version. (5 points)- Because of the heavy rain, the outdoor event was postponed to next week.Part II: Reading Comprehension (30 points)Read the following passage and answer the questions.In recent years, the field of artificial intelligence has made significant strides. One of the most promising areas within AI is machine learning, which allows computers to learn from data and make decisions or predictions without being explicitly programmed to perform the task. Machine learning has found applications in various domains, such as healthcare, finance, and transportation.5. What is the main topic of the passage? (5 points)6. What does the term "machine learning" refer to? (5 points)7. Why is machine learning considered promising? (5 points)8. In which areas has machine learning found applications? (5 points)9. According to the passage, what is the relationship between AI and machine learning? (5 points)10. Choose the best title for the passage from the options below. (5 points)a) The Impact of AI on Societyb) The Advancements in Machine Learningc) Understanding Artificial Intelligenced) The Future of TechnologyPart III: Writing (50 points)11. Write an essay on the topic "The Impact of Technology on Modern Communication." Your essay should be at least 300 words and include the following points:- The evolution of communication technology.- The advantages and disadvantages of modern communication methods.- Your personal perspective on the role of technology in communication.Remember to use proper grammar, punctuation, and vocabulary to convey your ideas clearly and effectively.。
科技英语复习
测验一：词类1、这个容器内的压力为零点零几个大气压。
The pressure in the container is a few/ several hundredths of an atm.2、海水的比热（specific heat）比空气大三倍。
The specific heat of the seawater is four times greater than that of the air .The specific heat of the seawater is four times as great as that of the air.3、我们必须求出(find out)为提起这个重物(weight)需要多大的力。
We must find out how large a force is needed to lift this weight.4、在常温下，一些水会变成水蒸气，这一现象被称为蒸发(vaporization)。
（要求用一个简单句）Some water will become steam(vapor) at normal temperature, a phenomenon called vaporization.5、由于计算机运算精确，速度快，所以得到了广泛的应用。
（要求使用一个简单句）Accurate in operation and fast in speed, computers have been found wide application.6. 现在我们开始讨论一下局域网。
Now we turn to a discussion of local area networks.7、这个电路的优点是结构简单、易于调整。
The advantages of this circuit are simple in structure and easy in adjustment.8、文革前，我校的学生数量仅为现在的1/3 。
《科技英语》期末考试试题
西安电子科技大学网络教育学院模拟试题（一）《科技英语》期末考试试题（考试形式120 分钟）题号一二三四五总分题分得分I. Put the following sentences into Chinese: (4 points for each)1. The current reaches the maximum value when w = w 0 , similar to the situation ina series resonant circuit.2. With the switch on position 1, the output impedance will be maximum.3. The greater the nuclear mass, the less of the neutron's energy is transferred to the nucleus.4. XVI is used to express the number of 16. To express a number a thousand times larger, the Romans put a line above that number.5. In this case the signal waveform can be transmitted undistorted.6. A capacitor is a device consisting of two conductors separated by a non-conductor.7. Expressed in a formula, the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance can be written as V = IR.8. This account for the observation that the resistivity of a metal increases with temperature.9. While there has been an enormous amount of literature about ATM over the past two years, many networking books have not focused on ATM itself.10. The advantage of TDMA over SCPC is that more ground stations can share a single satellite transponder.11. In 1895, a German physicist discovered what are known as X rays.12. The material of which this conductor is made is copper.13. It is when an object is heated that the average speed of molecules is increased.14. Only when we exert on an object an upward force sufficient in magnitude can we lift it.15. In every atom in its normal state, the number of protons equals the number of electrons, something that is directly related to the electrical properties of the proton and the electron.II. Translate the following into Chinese: (40 points in all)A computer is a machine and, like all machines, must be directed and controlled to perform a task. Until a program is prepared and stored in the computer's memory, the computer "knows" absolutely nothing, not even how to accept data. No matter how good a computer may be, it must be "told" what to do. The utility of a computer cannot be fully realized, therefore, until the capabilities (and the limitations) of the computer are recognized:1. Repetitive operation: a computer can perform similar operations thousands of times, without becoming bored, tired, or careless.2. Speed: a computer processes information at extremely rapid rates. For example, modern computers can solve certain classes of problems millions of times faster than a skilled mathematician.3. Flexibility: general-purpose computers may be programmed to solve many types of problems.4. Accuracy: computers may be programmed to calculate answers with a desired level of accuracy as specified by the programmer.5. Intuition: a computer has no intuition. A man may suddenly find the answers to a problem without working out the details, but a computer can only proceed as ordered. In examining any computer system, there are three levels at which it is useful to consider the candidate machine: the architectural level, the organizational level and the implementation level. The architecture of a computer is often defined as the set of resources seen by the programmer. At the organizational level, one views of the computer system beneath the visible architectural level. At the implementation level, we view the computer system as a collection of wires, cables, semiconductor chips and discrete components.西安电子科技大学网络教育学院模拟试题（二）《科技英语》期末考试试题（考试形式120 分钟）题号一二三四五总分题分得分I. Put the following sentences into Chinese: (4 points for each)•The varieties of nonferrous( 有色金属) metal are nearly four times what they were.2. Faraday was unable to calculate the velocity of propagation of electromagnetic waves, a task which required the mathematical precision of Maxwell, which Faraday entirely lacked.3. The wave theory can give no reason why there should be a threshold frequency below which no photoelectrons are observed, no matter how strong the light beam, something that follows naturally form the quantum theory.4. The first step in a nuclear reaction between two colliding nuclear particles is their joining together to form a compound nucleus.5. A further complication is the tendency of the pilot's blood to leave his head because of inertia, leaving him impaired vision and perhaps unconscious.6. Discussion of this material is deferred until the final chapter because only then is the feedback, circuit, and application background necessary to fully appreciate the subtleties of compensating modem operational amplifiers available.7. Of wider application is the fact that matter usually expands when its temperature is increased and contracts when its temperature is decreased.8. The greater the nuclear mass, the less of the neutron's energy is transferred to the nucleus.9. The turning of the earth on its own axis is what makes the change from day to night.10. It is the existence of and the ability to control precisely these two independent charge-transport mechanisms that make possible all junction semiconductor devices.11. A new technology introduced in the 1960s, laser can pierce the hardest substance such as diamond.12. This is so sensitive an ammeter that it can measure the slight change in current. •Light, durable, simple and inexpensive , such devices are warmly received by users.•The question now arises whether this series converges.•Feedback plays an important role in almost all electronic circuits. Its study is introduced here to provide a view of the amplifier as a gain element.II. Translate the following into Chinese: (40 points in all)Modern civilization would be impossible without the use of large quantities of energy. In the last forty years, energy usage in the United States has increased more than400% while the accompanying population increase has been only 72%. Thus the per capita use of energy in the United States has increased at a very fast rate.Until recently, the world's energy demands were met almost entirely through the use of fossil fuels: wood, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Since these are limited in quantity, however, other sources must be found. Nuclear and solar energy are two alternate sources, and neither of them is limited. It has been calculated, for instance, that the energy demands of the whole world could be met by utilizing the solar energy falling on a 12 5-mile square plot of ground near the equator. At the present time, however, nuclear and solar energy make up only a small fraction of the total energy used. As our knowledge and means of converting these ample energy supplies into usable forms increase, we shall be better able to keep pace with rising energy needs. However, it will take more than just the efforts' of science to solve the energy problem. Fuel conservation by all segments of the population must accompany new scientific advances.Briefly stated, science is the search for relationships that explain and predict the behavior of the universe. Technology is the application of these relationships to our needs and goals. Finding new energy sources falls into the realm of science. Developing and utilizing these discoveries are matters of technology.The complementary work of scientists and technologists is also referred to, respectively, as research and development. Both government and private industry allocate large sums of money to support the research and development activities of scientists and engineers. Without such support, there would be little improvement in the processes, products, and services that are derived from these activities.西安电子科技大学网络教育学院模拟试题（三）《科技英语》期末考试试题（考试形式120 分钟）题号一二三四五总分题分得分I . Put the following sentences into Chinese: (4 points for each)1. It is important for the reader to learn and understand the basic concepts and operations presented here, or the development and the applications of later topics will be difficult to comprehend.2. The capacitance of a capacitor depends on the size of the plates and their distance apart.3. Large or small , all circuits will contain the same kinds of components.4. A baseball that lands in an open soon comes to rest because of its interaction with the ground.5. The effect of temperature on the resistance of a semiconductor must be taken into account.6. These layers are not “stretched” as a rubber sheet would be.7. Full use must be made of the computers available.8. Gravity is the tendency of all objects to attract, and be attracted by, each other.9. Having studied this chapter, the reader will understand the principles of a radio receiver.10. Each planet revolves around the sun in an elliptical orbit, with the sun at one focus of the ellipse .11. The line of action is a line of infinite length, of which the force vector is a segment.12. As pointed out in the last chapter, the emf of a battery is generated by the chemical reaction within it.13. It is when an object is heated that the average speed of molecules is increased.14. We call insulators these substances which prevent the passage of electricity.15. What lies behind this meeting is an increasing awareness around the world of the urgency of reducing global warming.II. Translate the following into Chinese: (40 points in all)A computer, like any other machine, is used because it does certain tasks better and more efficiently than humans. Specifically, it can receive more information and process it faster than a human. Often, this speed means that weeks or months of pencil-and-paper work can be replaced by a method requiring only minutes of computer time. Therefore, computers are used when the time saved by using a computer offsets its cost. Further, because of its capacity to handle large volumes of data in a very short time, a computer may be the only means of resolving problems when time is limited. Because of the advantages of great speed and large capacity, computers are being used extensively in business, industry, and research. Most computer applications can be classified as either business (or data base related ) uses, which usually rely upon the computer's capacity to store and quickly retrieve large amounts of information, or scientific uses, which require accuracy and speed in performing mathematical calculations. Both of these are performed ongeneral-purpose computers. We shall now describe a few examples of computer applications.Design problems The computer is a very useful calculating tool for the design engineer. The wing design of a supersonic aircraft, for example, depends upon many factors. The designer describes each of these factors in the form of mathematical equations specified in a programming language. The computer can then be used to solve these equations for arbitrary input data.Scientific and laboratory experiments In scientific and laboratory experiments, computers are used to evaluate, store and process information from numerous types of electronic sensing devices. Computers are particularly useful in such systems as telemetry, where signals must be quickly recorded or be lost. Such applications require rapid and accurate processing for both fixed conditions and dynamic situations.模拟试题一Part I1 当 w = w 0 时，电流达到最大值，这和串连谐振电路的情况相似。
5、《科技英语》综合复习资料（正考）
5、《科技英语》综合复习资料（正考）科技英语综合复习资料Part I Vocabulary and Structure（词汇与结构）1. As parts of the world become ______, millions of people will try to migrate to more ______ areas.A. hospitable… uninhabitableB. uninhabitable… hospitableC. habitable… inhospitableD. inhospitable … uninhabitable2. A(n) ______ is someone who is being considered for a position, for example someone who is running inan election or applying for a job.A. astronomerB. scientistC. candidateD. researcher3. There are scientific satellites in __________ that measure wave heights, but too few to give reliableworldwide coverage.A. markB. orbitC. storeD. line4. The first-year courses provide short introductions to these areas, while the second-year courses__________ the areas in greater depth.A. classifyB. investigateC. clearD. examine5. Their marriage was in danger of breaking up last year but it seems quite ______ now.A. favorableB. criticalC. profitableD. stable6. If individuals are awakened each time as they began a dream phase of sleep, they are likely to becomeirritable even if their total amount of sleep has been ______.A. efficientB. sufficientC. deficientD. proficient7. Linda didn’t like the work because it lacked __________; she was doing the same thing all the time.A. anxietyB. priorityC. varietyD. society8. She wanted to ask him all about his private life, but wisely __________ herself.A. rescuedB. heldC. restrainedD. curbed9. After he was attacked, he managed to __________ to the phone and call for help.A. poundB. comeD. stagger10. The issue was whether or not the bacteria (细菌) in his body would __________ the local ecosystem.A. breakB. balanceC. contaminateD. contain11. Moving to a new school can __________ a child’s education, especially between the ages of eleven and sixteen.A. upsetB. balanceC. disruptD. disorder12. China’s news media is following world trend by marketization and __________into enterprises.A. conversionB. translationC. transplantingD. transforming13. Up to 22 people were killed and 187 others injured in a suicide bomb attack which ______ ademonstration in a northern Iraqi city.A. transportedB. targetedC. yieldedD. aimed14. The general secretary’s decision to inv est was a ______ mistake, resulting in a heavy loss of money.B. privateC. costlyD. incentive15. I feel nervous about the ______ of the experiment as it determines the future of this domain.A. outcomeB. outlookC. outputD. outline16. Once attached to the host Program, the computer viruses then look for other programs to ______.A. affectB. effectC. infectD. perfect17. Their government always looks at problems from the financial viewpoint, and the social ______ isnever considered.A. inspectB. prospectC. aspectD. respect18. One’s appearance does not always ______ with his quality, so don’t judge people by looks.A. compareB. coincideC. collideD. content19. We work best in a peaceful and comfortable __________ soas to increase our productivity and relieveour exhaustion.A. paceB. atmosphereC. rhymeD. hemisphere20. The new _________ of this dictionary has not been in use yet, but its appearance has aroused quite a lotof attention.A. visionB. versionC. variationD. verification21. The news slowly __________ through to everyone in the office; finally everybody felt worried aboutthe uncertainty of the future.A. meltedB. frozeC. filteredD. flowed22. We do remember your initial objections, but unfortunately you didn’t place them ______.A. in registerB. to documentC. in betweenD. on record23. The cost may be lower than we first thought, but ______ it will still be quite substantial.A. in no caseB. in any caseC. in case ofD. in case24. Sometimes you can _______ valuable antiques by chance –for example when you’re clearing out anold building.A. come byB. come inC. come outD. come down25. Obviously you came here intending to _______ the United States and you will need a work visa.A. rest withB. resort toC. render intoD. reside in26. You will find how to help your child to develop good habits and how to ______ with the bad ones thatcan cause so much embarrassment and distress.A. dealB. agreeC. calculateD. endeavor27. We’ve worked out a method by which our production can be raised on a large ______.A. quantityB. scaleC. qualityD. proportion28. It is a universal ______ that man is different from all the other animals because man can communicatewith each other by means of language.A. admissionB. permissionC. acknowledgmentD. advancement29. Due to the limited seating _____ of the hall, merely about 700 journalists were present for the pressconference.A. capacityB. capabilityC. possibilityD. probability30. When he applied for a ______ in the office of the local newspaper he was told to see the manager.A. positionB. locationC. professionD. career31. The island’s population initially numbered 180, but there was a gradual __________ until only 40people were left.A. declinationB. inclineC. inclinationD. decline32. For such a tiny woman she had a(n)______ courage to fight against two thieves.A. incredibleB. resistantC. stapleD. massive33. One cause of the current food crisis is ______ and food prices are high in part because of the dryweather in these places.A. floodB. coughC. roughD. drought34. Coal can be ______ into gas with the help of the modern technology.A. yieldB. convertedC. overcameD. reverted35. Many Internet users are worried about their privacy being ______ and their secrets being revealed byonline hackers.A. invadedB. intakenC. inventedD. investigated36. The new ______ edition of this book focuses specifically on the complexities of grammatical choicesthat students need to master.A. alteredB. convertedC. modifiedD. revised37. The poor condition of this apartment block is a danger to all its __________.A. habitatsB. inhabitantsC. habitsD. inherits38. Enough lava had __________ from the volcano to bury the entire village.A. disruptedB. splashedC. eruptedD. spilt39. You are legally ______ to take faulty goods back to the store where you bought them.A. devotedB. entitledC. accessedD. contributed40. Time and time again, women seem to ______ on promotion and career opportunities.A. fall outB. lose outC. wipe outD. put out41. _______ in the office had a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience.A. SomeoneB. AnyoneC. No oneD. Everyone42. Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert ______ it means standing in a queue all night.A. as ifB. providedC. even ifD. whatever43. Although Mary is satisfied with her success, she wonders ______ will happen to her private life.A. howB. whoC. whatD. that44. If the whole program _______ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.A. was not plannedB. were not plannedC. would not be plannedD. had not been planned45. More and more families have moved elsewhere because they cannot ____ the noise from theneighboring airport.A. come up withB. put up withC. catch up withD. keep up with46. Her sun-tanned face suggested that she _______ in excellent health.A. beB. isC. wasD. were47. Ever since the Smiths moved to the suburbs a year ago,they _______ better health.A. could have enjoyedB. had enjoyedC. have been enjoyingD. are enjoying48. This magazine is very _____ with young people, who like its content and style.A. familiarB. popularC. similarD. Particular49. _____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.A. Being bittenB. BittenC. Having been bittenD. To be bitten50. The morning paper ______a story about demonstrations in New York and Washington D.C..A. carriedB. extendedC. broughtD. TookPart II Identification（判断正误）1. No sooner had they entered the room when the telephone rang.2. As a graduate from high school, T om is faced with three choices: attending college, finding a job or joining the army.3. It was his nervousness in the interview which probably caused him to lose the job.4. I invited Joe and Linda as well as T om to dinner, but none of them came.5. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting though you don’t mind taking the night train.6. Why not stay at home now that the road is so slippery after the heavy snow？7. But for the help of my English teacher, I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition.8 .Those brave army soldiers would rather die with their heads high than lived with their knees bent.9. It is no good try to remember grammatical rules.You need to practice what you have learned.10. The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.11. Equipped with modem facilities, today's hospitals are quite different from that of the past.12. We solved the problem by using a computer rather than doing it all by hand.13. Over the past 20 years , the internet has helped change our world in either way or anotherfor the better.14. How and why this language has survived for more than a thousand years, while spoken by very few, were hard to explain.15. Nearly half of Americans aged 25 take part in some form of continued education.Part III Word-filling (单词填空)1. Georgia said it would take a_____（咄咄逼人的）diplomatic steps to respond to the Russian action in order to defend its rights.2. In most western countries, upon reaching an a____（适当的）age, children are encouraged, but not forced, to ―leave the nest‖.3. Among all the voting people, the great majority agreed toa _____(废除) this kind of cruel punishment as it is against morality.4. But party spokesman, and then the new government, said that for children aged under 11 support would c___（终止）at the end of primary education, while for those already in secondary education, assistance would continue until the end of schooling.5. The current trade deficit i___（显示）a serious imbalance between our import and export trade.6. Have you considered being s__（赞助）during your time at university? You should, because many students have found it a great help not only during their time as an undergraduate but also in securing employment after graduating.7. The increasing ___(employ) caused social unrest, therefore the government must take prompt and effective measures to resolve it.8. It took the authorities a long time to make ___(identify) of the accident victims.9. I want our youngsters to follow their own skills and ___(ambitious), and not to be confined by artificial barriers and outdated social conventions.10. Supplies may___(fluctuation) acc ording to seasonal availability but you’ll always find a wide selection.11. The ____ (extract) of mineral resources from the ground has left huge scars on the landscape.12. The inflation rate cannot be properly ____(quantity) but the official figure is 46%.13. He is very aggressive, totally ___(dominant) everyone he works with.14. Many experts gave opinions at the meeting, but u___(最终地) the decision lay with the president before it was released to the public.15. He condemned the w___(浪费) of having everyone driving around in private cars instead of using public transport.Part IV Sentence translation（句子翻译）A. E-C Translation（英汉翻译）1. But dependency is no vice when the habit is healthful —and you don’t have to be an Olympian to benefit.2. Despite our preference for giving up privacy in exchange for convenience, our experiences online may make us yearn for the anonymity of the past.3. While cautioning that margin of error was large enough for render data from the early centuries untrustworthy, they found that 20th century was the warmest of the millennium.4. There has been some concern that the larger denomination notes — a 500 note is worth approximately 315 at the current exchange rate —will be rich pickings for counterfeiters, especially in the early days as people get used to the new currency.5. Chemically any petroleum is an extremely complex mixture of hydrocarbon (hydrogen and carbon) compounds, with minor amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur as impurities.6. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations, the issue is simplerand much more urgent: Do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?7. But genetically modified, virus-resistant crops can reduce that damage, as can drought-tolerant seeds inregions where water shortages limit the amount of landunder cultivation.8. If you are successful, you won’t have to go ask for a raise or accept what you’re given or worry about being turned out when a younger version of yourself comes along.9. Planning involves setting the firm’s objectives over a period of time and deciding on methods toachieve these objectives.10. Your choices are usually limited: find a good job in the small business world, stand in line atunemployment, or accept a cut in pay and benefits.B. C-E Translation（汉英翻译）1. 请允许我向你的成功表示祝贺。
科技英语期末复习题库
单词：Unit 1internal combustion engine 内燃机transmission 传动装置，变速器clutch 离合器gear 排挡pedestrian 行人cumbersome 笨重的boiler 锅炉gallon 加仑（容量单位）condenser 冷凝器crank 曲柄backfire 逆火，回火electric starter 电发动机churn out 大量生产marginalisation 边缘化feedwater pump 给水泵consign 使处于；把……置于carbon monoxide 一氧化碳nitrogen oxide 氧化氮throttle 节流阀heat resistant coating 耐高温涂层spin-off 副产品emission 排放物；排放量diesel 柴油（机）shakeup 重大改变Unit 2motor 运动的rudimentary 未成熟的feat 功绩；壮举medic 医生physician （内科）医生telemedicine 远程医疗ultrasound 超声波vein 静脉carotid artery 颈动脉endovascular 血管内的blood vessel 血管torso 躯干video feed 视频反馈infrared light 红外线high-resolution 高分辨率的stereoscopic 立体的aluminium 铝tendon 筋，腱incision 切口automaton 机器人Unit 3grail 圣杯cardiovascular心血管的cardiac 心脏（病）的aerospace 航空与航天空间valve （心脏的）瓣膜circulatory 循环的bug 瑕疵brushless motor 无电刷电动机pericardium 围心，心包膜membrane 薄膜，隔膜polyurethane 聚亚安酯hydraulic fluid液压机液体Unit 4entrepreneur 企业家savvy 懂行的monetize 用……来赚钱permalink 永久链接Unit 5tout 兜售elixir 长生不老药alchemist 炼金术士gullible 易受骗的，轻信的longevity 长寿lucre 金钱收益；利润carbohydrate 碳水化合物elasticity 弹性superimpose 添加，附加parasitic 由寄生虫引起的inadvertent 不经意的，出于无心的demise 死亡vehemently 强烈地purport 声称envision 预见，展望militate 产生作用或影响burgeoning 迅速发展的paucity 少量，不足putative 假定存在的Unit 6Bascule 活动结构seesaw 跷跷板mast 桅杆pier 桥墩Helmet 头盔barge 驳船caisson 沉箱rivet 铆钉Cantilever 悬臂snugly 合适地Abutment 桥台scaffolding 支架Unit 7give up the ghost 不能运转，报废lifespan 使用期white goods 大型家用电器whiz(z) 发出飕飕声take its toll 造成损失conk out 出故障premature 提前的；过早的scrap 抛弃Refund 退还shell out 花费，支付paramount 最重要的Unit 8intuitive 直观的constellation 星座；一系列orbit 轨道trilateration 三边测量（术）radii 半径（radius的复数）electromagnetic 电磁的pseudo-random code 伪随机码Nanosecond 十亿分之一秒in a nutshell 简言之Gauge 测量almanac 年鉴翻译Unit 3：(1)They needed the ultimate in reliability, and the answer came from design methodologies, testing strategies and know-how for the electronics on satellites.译：他们需要最终的可靠性，而答案来自于卫星电子设备的设计方法、测试策略和诀窍。
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C/E Translation:
1、有待于证明（show）这个方程（equation）在此是否成立
（hold）。
2、这两个数（number）按什么顺序（order）加（add）起来
是没有关系的。
3、现有的窗户（window）均承受（withstand）不了这么大
的力（force）。
4、有证据表明每样东西都受地球（earth）的吸引(attract)。
5、图1－5画出了输入随输出的变化（variation）情况。
6、本书所讲的内容非常有用。
7、这篇论文（paper）值得（worth）一读。
8、温度计（thermometer）不能指示出（indicate）液体（liquid）
中存在的热量（the amount of heat）。
9、磁铁（magnet）能吸引（attract）铁质材料（iron material），
这一性质（property）称为磁性（magnetism）。
10、这个电路（circuit）与那个电路相比有许多优点（advantage）。
11、电容（capacitance）越大，其储存（store）的电荷（charge）
就越多。
12、这个电阻（resistor）上的电流（electric current）为零点
零零几安培（ampere）。
13、这些因素（factor）确定了（determine）电容器（capacitor）
储存电荷的能力（ability）。
14、构成水的元素（element）是氢（hydrogen）和氧（oxygen）。
15、必须利用这个式子来求出（find out）该物体运动（move）
的距离（distance）。
16、电流等于电压（voltage）除（divide）以电阻（resistance）。
17、这种（kind）特殊的（special）电子设备（electronic device）
是那个厂（factory）制造（make）的。
18、导体（conductor）对电子（electron）的流动所提供（offer）
的阻力（opposition）就是我们所说的电阻（resistance）。
19、他们不知道这个电流到底朝哪个方向（direction）流动。
20、弹性（elasticity）是物体在形变（deform）后恢复（return）
到其原状（original state）的趋势（tendency）。
21、我们只需要测量（measure）该电容器（capacitor）上的
电压（voltage）。
22、物体（body）运动（move）的方向（direction）也是很
重要的。
23、这个电流流过的电阻（resistance）是很小的。
24、我们必须确定（determine）为提起（lift）这块石头（stone）
需要（require）多大的力（force）。
25、电阻越大，电容器（capacitor）达到（reach）其最大
（maximum）电压（voltage）所需的时间越长。
26、现在出现（arise）了这么个问题（question）：这规则（rule）
是否（whether）适合于（be suitable for）解（solve）非线性方程（non-linear equation）呢？
27、使自行车（bike）成为今天（today）这个样子花（take）
了很长的时间。
28、这是一个以原点（origin）为圆心（center）的圆（circle）。
29、能量（energy）被定义（define）为物体做功（work）的
能力（ability）。
30、有人建议（suggest）在太空（space）制造药物（drug）。
Key to the problems for the terminal review:
1.It remains to be shown whether this equation holds here.
2.It does not matter in what order these two numbers are
added.
3.No [None of the] windows available can withstand so large
a force.
4.There is evidence that everything is attracted by the earth.
5.Fig. ! – 5 shows the variation of output with input.
6.What this book describes is of great use.
7.This paper is worth reading.
8. A thermometer cannot indicate the amount of heat there is in
a liquid.
9. A magnet attracts iron materials, a property referred to as
magnetism.
10.This circuit has many advantages over that one.
11.The larger the capacitance, the more charge it stores.
12.The current through this resistor is a few thousandths of an
ampere.
13.These factors determine the ability of a capacitor to store
charge.
14.The elements of which water consists [is made up] are
hydrogen and oxygen.
15.It is necessary to use this equation to find out the distance
the body moves.
16.An electric current is equal to voltage divided by resistance.
17.This special kind of electronic device was made by that
factory.
18.The opposition that a conductor offers to the flow of
electrons is what we call resistance.
19.They don’t know in which direction it is that this current
flows.
20.Elasticity is the tendency of a body to return to its original
state after being deformed.
21.All we need do is measure the voltage across the capacitor.
22.The direction a body moves is also very important.
23.The resistance through which the current flows is very
small.
24.It is necessary for us to determine how large a force is
required to lift this stone.
25.The greater the resistance, the longer (time) it takes for the
capacitor to reach its maximum voltage.
26.The question now arises whether this rule is suitable for
solving [the solution of ] non-linear equations.
27.It took a very long time for the bike to become [to make the
bike] what it is today.
28.This is a circle with the origin as its center.
29.Energy is defined as the ability of a body to do work.
30.It is suggested that drugs be made in space.。